Mc lc

Trang
Li ni u ................................................................................................................. 4
Phn I: Khi qut v ngnh hng khng dn dng vit nam ... 6
Phn II: Gii thiu tng qut v h thng thng tin dn
ng ......................................................................................................... 9
Chng I: Chuyn ngnh thng tin .......................................................... 9
I - Dch v hin ti ca ngnh thng tin ................................................ 9
1. H thng thng tin c nh AFTN - Aeronautical Fixed
Telecommunication Network. ....................................................... 10
2. H thng thoi trc tip ................................................................... 10
3. H thng thng tin di ng ............................................................. 10
II. Cc h thng thng tin ..................................................................... 12
1. H thng thng tin thoi gia my bay - mt t trn sng VHF bao
gm: .............................................................................................. 12
2. H thng thng tin lin lc sng ngn HF ...................................... 13
3. H thng thng tin di ng v tinh .................................................. 13
III. Cc loi hnh thng tin ................................................................... 14
1.Dch v khng lu ............................................................................ 14
2. Dch v iu khin bay trn khng ................................................. 14
3. Dch v qun l bay......................................................................... 14
4. Dch v thng tin dch v cng cng trn khng ............................ 14
IV. Dch v thng tin v tinh lu ng (AMS) ................................... 15
chng II: Chuyn ngnh dn ng ..................................................... 17
I. H thng hin ti ca chuyn ngnh dn ng ............................ 17
1. Dn ng hng tuyn (H thng thit b dn ng xa) ............... 17
2. Dn ng tip cn v h ct cnh .................................................. 17
II. Cc h thng dn ng .................................................................. 18
1. i dn ng v tuyn sng i v hng NDB (Non Directional
Radio Beacon) ............................................................................... 19
2. i dn ng ph tr v tuyn sng cc ngn v hng phng v
VOR . ............................................................................................ 24
3. i dn ng ph tr o khong cch DME. ................................ 29


6. H thng tr gip h cnh ILS ....................................................... 38
7. H thng tr gip h cnh MLS . .................................................... 43
phn III: my pht dn ng SA 500 ......................................................... 45
1. M t chung SA500 ........................................................................ 45
2. Tnh nng k thut SA500 ............................................................... 45
3. M t chung khi ghp Anten PC - 5kilo ........................................ 47
4. M t chung khi t ng chuyn i my..................................... 48
I. nguyn l lm vic ca my SA500 .................................................. 49
1. M t chc nng SA500 .................................................................. 50
2. M t chc nng h thng t ng chuyn i: .............................. 52
3. Phn tch chi tit h thng chuyn mch t ng SA500 (Automatic
Transfer System SA500): .............................................................. 53
3.1 iu khin chuyn mch t ng. ............................................. 53
3.2. Auto Transfer logic PWB (Bng mch logic chuyn mch t
ng) ................................................................................................ 55
II. Phn tch mch in SA500 ............................................................ 57
1. B tng hp tn s (KWOYN PWB): ............................................. 57
2. Kho m tn (Tone Key): ................................................................ 59
3. Mch Manip (Keyer Code): ............................................................ 60
4. B khuch i iu ch (Modulater - MOD): ................................. 61
5. Cng sut kiu chuyn mch (Switching Power Amplifier - SPA): 62
6. Module Cut (Module Disconnect - MDC): ..................................... 63
7. B lc (Filter): ................................................................................. 64
8. B gim st (Monitor): .................................................................... 66
9. Ngun cung cp (Power Supply - PS): ............................................ 67
10. DC Auto Disconnect PWB. ........................................................... 69
III. Nguyn l hot ng ca b ghp ni Anten .............................. 70
1. M t chc nng PC 1/2 KILO ....................................................... 70
2. My bin p tr khng .................................................................... 70
3. B iu hng.................................................................................. 71
4. T iu hng .................................................................................. 71
5. Dng c o dng in Anten .......................................................... 71
6. Phn tch chi tit PC 1/2 KILO ....................................................... 72
6.1. My bin p tr khng ............................................................. 73


6.2. B iu hng .......................................................................... 73
6.3. Anten ........................................................................................ 74
7. Lp t v vn hnh ......................................................................... 75
7.1. Lp t my pht ...................................................................... 76
7.2. t b php ni. ....................................................................... 76
7.3. Khi u my pht. .................................................................. 77
7.4. Kim tra my pht. ................................................................... 78
7.5. iu hng anten. .................................................................... 79
7.6. iu chnh iu bin. ............................................................... 81
8. Bo dng. ....................................................................................... 85
8.1. Sp xp v hiu chnh. .............................................................. 85
8.2. iu chnh B tng hp. ........................................................... 86
8.3. Phm m. ................................................................................... 86
8.4. Manip. ...................................................................................... 87
8.5. B lc. ....................................................................................... 87
8.6. Kim tra my pht tn s RF. .................................................. 87
8.7. iu chnh dng c o. ............................................................ 88
9. Audio PWB. ..................................................................................... 88
10. iu khin Monitor ....................................................................... 89
11. Ct t ng DC. ............................................................................. 90
Ph lc ...................................................................................................................... 91
Glossary ch tt ............................................................................................... 96





Li ni u

S pht trin ngnh Hng khng dn dng ni chung, ngnh thng tin
dn ng ni ring l mt ngnh kinh t k thut hin i mang tnh c
th cao. Hot ng ng b vi Qun l bay, Khn nguy cu nn v Kh
tng hng khng. Hot ng ca Ngnh hng khng to thnh mt
ngnh dch v m sn phm l kt qu vn chuyn hnh khch, hng ho
trn cc chuyn bay an ton.
Hin nay, nh s pht trin nh v bo ca khoa hc cng ngh, nht
l nhng tin b ca cng ngh thng tin nh hng n s pht trin
ca h thng cng ngh thng tin dn ng. Ngoi cc thit b hin i
cn cc thit b c lp t ti cc sn bay, phc v cho my bay ct h
cnh c an ton, c cu k thut ny hnh thnh kt hp vi cc h
thng nh: H thng dn ng NDB - SA500, h thng ILS, VOR v
DME tc ng ny lm thay i t duy v mu hnh qun l khi to
nhng tim nng sng to tr tu, gim bt sc lao ng m vn mang li
hiu qu cao.
Trong nhng nm gn y cng vi s pht trin v hi nhp vi nn
cng nh thng tin th gii, ngnh Hng khng dn dng Vit Nam c tc
ng v nh hng rt ln n s pht trin kinh t - x hi ca t nc.
Trong ngnh thng tin dn ng hng khng - cng ngh thng tin lm
thay i ton b h thng. Theo hng hin i, an ton, chnh xc, nhm
mc ch cui cng l m bo cho nhng chuyn bay ct h cnh c an
ton. Vi lng ham hc hi v yu thch ngnh thng tin em tm hiu ti
liu cng vi s hng dn gip n cn ca cc thy c gio trong khoa
in t vin thng hon thnh bn n v thng tin dn ng hng
khng vi ni dung:
- Tng quan v thng tin dn ng hng khng.
- My pht dn ng NDB - SA500.












Phn I: Khi qut v ngnh hng khng
dn dng vit nam

Sau khi t nc Vit Nam c hon ton c lp. Cc ch phong
kin thc dn sch bng trn t nc ta. Mt trang s mi c m ra
cho dn tc ta, xy dng nn ho bnh c lp pht trin kinh t, vn ho,
khoa hc k thut nht l s giao lu vi cc nc trong khu vc. S i hi
cp bch nm 1976 Ngnh hng khng dn dng c thnh lp, lc by
gi Ngnh hng khng thc s rt non tr v thiu thn v mi mt. Tri
qua mt thi gian di n khi Nh nc c chnh sch m ca quan h v
giao lu lm n kinh t vi nhiu nc trn th gii. Ngnh hng khng li
cng cn thit cho mt Quc gia. Nhn pht huy chung ca x hi, ca
khu vc ng Nam cng nh trn ton th gii. S i hi nhng yu
cu v Hng khng dn dng, v thng tin lin lc. Trong pht trin i
ln nhanh chng nh hin nay. Nhu cu thng tin lin lc, giao thng vn
ti tr nn cp bch bi n l huyt thng cho s giao lu, quan h vi cc
nc.
Nhn thc r iu Nh nc kt hp vi Ngnh hng khng u t
tin vn to mi iu kin i mi ton din v c cu Hng khng. C th
l i mi v c cu t chc, o to i ng k thut, nm bt phng tin
cng ngh k thut mi, thay th dn dn nhng trang thit b gi, c bng
nhng trang thit b mi, hin i. Ci to nng cp cc sn bay, bn cng
sn bi, ci to nng cp ton b c s h tng. Mc ch l tng cng
cc chuyn bay ni a cng nh cc chuyn bay quc t Vit Nam c
tng ln.
Trong nhng nm gn y nh c s i mi c vn u t ca Nh
nc ch mt thi gian ngn trong vng 5 nm Ngnh hng khng
chuyn mnh mt cch k diu. Qua thc t nhng thng k cho thy kt
qu ng t ho:


Nm 1996 vn chuyn hnh khch tng 10 ln so vi nhng nm
trc nm 1990. Vn chuyn hng ho cng tng gp ri so vi trc.
t c kt qu Ngnh phi c gng n lc trong vic phc
hi c ch theo cch qun l v c ch mi.
Hip hi Hng khng Quc t (ICAO) chnh thc cng nhn Hng
khng Vit Nam l mt thnh vin trong hip hi.
Nm 1995 vng (FIR) H Ch Minh trc y Hng Kng qun l nay
tr li cho ta. V ta y kh nng trng trch m nhim cng
tc qun l v iu khin nhng chuyn bay Quc t bay qua vng .
Chng ta mnh dn lin doanh hp tc v mua nhiu my bay hin i
c trng ti ln nh: BOING, AIR BUS thay th cho cc my bay gi ci
trc y. M thm nhiu ng bay t cc nc ti Vit Nam khong trn
20 nc bay ti Vit Nam, 22 Hng hng khng thng l bay ti Vit
Nam. Trn 60 nc bay qua vng (FIR- HCM).
Trong Ngnh hng khng, Cc hng khng l c quan u no ch huy
iu tit mi hot ng ca ngnh. Bn di l cc Cm cng sn bay,
Trung tm iu hnh bay v cc c quan nghip v khc.
Ring ngnh Qun l bay chu trch nhim ton b cng tc ch huy
dn ng cho mt chuyn bay. T khi bt u ln bnh ra ng ct h
cnh cho n khi chuyn bay c h cnh an ton.
Trung tm qun l bay dn dng Vit Nam l c quan trng im ca
Ngnh hng khng, n quyt nh s sng cn ca mt chuyn bay, n m
bo cho s an ton ca mt chuyn bay t khi n my n khi h cnh.
Chuyn ngnh ca qun l bay bao gm h thng: CNS/ATM
(Communication Navigation Serveillance/Air Trafic Management). Bao
gm cc dch v chnh, thng tin dn ng gim st v qun l khng lu
h thng ny, n quyt nh ton b s an ton ca mt chuyn bay. Gip
cho my bay bay ng hng, ng hnh lang bay, qun l vng khng
phn ch huy gim st, ho mng thng tin n tt c cc c quan cn thit.


iu rt quan trng ca c quan qun l bay l vng thng bo bay
(FIR). Trong FIR quy nh phi c thoi i khng, sng VHF, Rada gim
st ph sng kn FIR c th gim st khng lu (ATC - Air Trafic
Control).
Ngoi ra trong FIR cn m bo c vic dn ng cho cc my
bay, bay qua vng ny, dch v tm kim cu nguy phi c m bo theo
di lin tc. Mi iu hnh trong FIR do Trung tm ACC (Area Control
Centre) chu trch nhim ch huy, gim st trong ngnh qun l bay c
nc. Cc Trung tm qun l bay H Ni, H Ch Minh, Nng u chu
s ch o ca Trung tm qun l bay dn dng Vit Nam.
Trung tm thng tin Hng khng ti Gia Lm l c quan chu trch
nhim lp t cc cng trnh k thut cho qun l bay. Trung tm ny cn
c chc nng nghin cu, ci tin sa cha, tr gip k thut cho ton b h
thng mng (CNS) ca khu vc Gia Lm v cc khu vc khc. Nu cn
thit Trung tm cn t chc cc chuyn bay hiu chun kim tra cc h
thng dn ng, gim st. Ngoi trung tm thng tin cn c phng k
thut chu trch nhim thc hin cc n ca qun l bay, thit k lp t
nhng thit b thng tin dn ng mi c trin khai.



Phn II: Gii thiu tng qut v h thng
thng tin dn ng

Trong phn ny s gii thiu khi qut v h thng thng tin, dn
ng, gim st v qun l khng lu (CNS/ATM). H thng ny hin ang
phc v cho ngnh qun l bay dn dng Vit Nam. Cc thit b k thut v
in t vin thng phc v cho ba chuyn ngnh chnh l thng tin dn
ng v gim st.
Cc tiu chun k thut, s liu v cc quy nh ca tng chuyn
ngnh c vit trong ANNEX - 10 ca ICAO. y ta nghin cu v
nguyn l hot ng, tnh nng k thut v chc nng ca tng h thng.

Chng I: Chuyn ngnh thng tin

Ngnh ny qun l cc mng li thng tin lin lc thoi, truyn s
liu ring ca ngnh hng khng, cc loi hnh thng tin bao gm:
- H thng thng tin c nh.
- H thng thng tin lu ng.
I - Dch v hin ti ca ngnh thng tin
H thng thng tin c nh hin nay ca Ngnh hng khng m bo
lin lc thoi, thng tin s liu gia cc c quan kim sot khng lu trong
c nc v quc t, thng tin gia cc n v lin quan ti qu trnh qun l
v iu hnh bay, lin lc ni b vi nhau trong c quan qun l khng lu.
H thng thng tin lu ng cho php lin lc thoi gia cc c quan
cung cp dch v khng lu vi nhau v cc my bay theo phng thc
im ni im (Point To Point).


1. H thng thng tin c nh AFTN - Aeronautical Fixed
Telecommunication Network.
y l mng thng tin lin lc trao i cc in vn theo chun mc
ca ICAO ti cc Trung tm kim sot bay H Ni, Nng, H Ch Minh
v Trung tm iu hnh bay quc gia (Gia Lm) c lp t thit b
chuyn in vn t ng AMSC v thit b u cui, m bo t ng
chuyn in vn phc v cho iu hnh bay cng cc h thng lu tr dng
cho cng tc iu tra v hc tp.
Ton b cc h thng my s dng k thut cng ngh mi s giao
tip gia ni b bng v tinh vi ba s ring ca ngnh qun l bay.
m bo an ton v c tin cy cao, ni gia chng vi nhau cn
c ng truyn qua bu in quc gia bng (v tinh, vi ba s, cp quang)
d phng khi ng truyn chnh b trc trc k thut. tin cy ca h
thng lun l 99,9%.
2. H thng thoi trc tip
Ngnh qun l bay Vit Nam thit lp cc mng thng tin m
bo lin lc trc tip gia cc c quan Kim sot khng lu trong tng khu
vc vi nhau. ng truyn t ACC H Ch Minh vi cc ACC k cn l
qua v tinh do bu in qun l. Cc ng lin lc thoi khc gia ba sn
bay quc t l ca ngnh qun l bay v ca bu in quan h d phng, s
dng cc ng truyn (v tinh, vi ba, cp quang v ng HF/SSB khng
a).
3. H thng thng tin di ng
Mc ch ca mng thng tin lu ng l iu hnh ch huy mi hot
ng ca my bay t khi bt u n my chun b ct cnh n khi h cnh
ln vo sn v tt my.


Cc i thng tin lu ng trn mt t hot ng vi mc ch thng
bo cc tin tc v kh tng, k hoch bay, bo ng v iu hnh qu trnh
bay, bo v an ton cng nm trong mng thng tin lu ng.
Trong ngnh qun l bay tt c cc c quan kim sot khng lu u
trang b h thng lin lc khng a sng cc ngn VHF. Ti cc sn bay
Tn Sn Nht, trn vng ni Vng Chua (Quy Nhn), ni Sn Tr (
Nng), ni Tam o (Vnh Phc) c lp t thit b VHF ng di vi
vng ph sng trn 400 km cao 10 km. Ti cc a im xa xi, him
tr m tm ph sng VHF khng vi ti c cn c trang b h thng
thng tin thoi HF .
Cc h thng chuyn mch Voice Switching (AVSC) cc Trung tm
kim sot ng di, tip cn ti sn cho php thng tin lin lc gia kim
sot vin khng lu vi my bay v gia kim sot vin khng lu vi cc
c quan iu hnh bay thun li v nhanh chng.
Hin ti qun l bay lp t h mt thng thng tin v tinh dng
trong ni b vi bn trm v tinh mt t lp t khai thc ti cc ACC -
H Ch Minh, ni Vng Chua (Quy Nhn), ni Sn Tr ( Nng), ACC -
H Ni y l cc mng truyn dn s liu Rada, dng iu khin t xa cc
i VHF, truyn cc s liu AFTN v phc v cho cc tuyn thng tin thoi
nng (Hotline) trc tip c p ng tin cy cao.
Trong nhng nm ti qun l bay s tch cc chuuyn sang s dng c
dch v thng tin thoi v truyn s liu bng v tinh phc v cho cng tc
qun l mi hot ng ca ngnh qun l bay bng my vi tnh to iu
kin thun li cho vic chuyn sang h thng CNS/ATM mi.


II. Cc h thng thng tin
1. H thng thng tin thoi gia my bay - mt t trn sng VHF bao
gm:
*H thng thng tin khng/t (ti sn bay v cc trung tm kim sot
xa).
*H thng thng tin ti sn t ng.
*H thng thng tin dch v ng di.
*H thng thng tin dng cho cng tc tm kim cu nguy.
+ H thng thng tin khng/t: Dng cho lin lc thoi gia kim
sot vin khng lu vi cc my bay ti thp iu khin, ti sn v cc lin
lc thoi gia cc iu phi vin hng khng ti ACC vi phi cng khi my
bay thuc vng thng bo bay ACC qun l. H thng c cc ch tiu k
thut sau:
Tn s VHF: 118 136 MHz.
Khong cch: 50KHz, 25KHz v 125KHz.
Cng sut cc i 200w dng cho ng di. 30w, 50w dng cho
ti sn bay.
+ H thng thng tin dch v ti sn t ng: Cung cp cho my
bay v cc thng tin thi tit, trng thi hot ng ca cc h thng an ton
hng khng. H thng c cc ch tiu k thut sau:
Tn s VHF: 118 136MHz
Cng sut cc i: 50w
+ H thng thng tin dch v ng di: Dng cung cp kp
thi cc thng tin mang tnh cp nht v iu kin v cc phi cng thi tit,
cc tnh trng hot ng ca cc phng tin dn ng... cung cp cho
ngi li. H thng gm cc ch tiu k thut sau:


Tn s VHF: 118 136MHz.
Cng sut pht cc i: 50w.
+ H thng thng tin dng cho cng tc tm kim cu nguy: Dng cho
lin lc gia cc i tm kim mt t vi my bay gp nn trn khng bng
VHF theo tn s 121.5MHz.
2. H thng thng tin lin lc sng ngn HF
Dng cho lin lc gia cc trung tm qun l bay v khng/a ti
nhng ni lin lc v tinh, VHF khng ph ti c. Mi vng c mt tn
s pht sng l 8942KHz (iu ch AM).
3. H thng thng tin di ng v tinh
H thng ny hin ti cha a vo khai thc ti Vit Nam.
Nguyn l lm vic: Nguyn l thng tin trong dch v thng tin v tinh di
ng (AMSS) gm:
- Tuyn pht sng ln: Tn hiu Radio t trm mt t pht ln
v tinh ti tn s 6GHz c v tinh i thnh 1.5GHz. Sau
tn hiu 1.5GHz c v tinh pht cho my thu ca my bay
(AES - Air Eath Station).
- Tuyn xung: Tn hiu Radio t my pht trn my bay (GES
- Geographical Eath Station) c tn s 1.6GHz c v tinh thu
, nhn v i ln tn s 4GHz. Tn hiu 4GHz sau c pht
xung trm hoa sen thu nhn ti mt t (GES - Geographical
Eath Station) nh v tinh.
C lin lc theo hai tuyn gia mt t v v tinh gi l tuyn
Feederlink (bng C tn s 4/6GHz). Bng KU (12/14GHz) cng c s
dng trong tuyn Feederlink. Thng tin t my bay ln v tinh gi l tuyn
dch v (bng L c tn s 1.6/1.5GHz). V tinh khng phi x l cc chc
nng phc tp ngoi vic chuyn i tn s sng mang t bng L sang bng


C (tuyn xung) v ngc li (tuyn ln). Ph thuc vo vic s dng
Anten. L c hai loi v tinh: Mt loi gi l v tinh Anten v mt loi gi l
v tinh Anten mi nhn.
III. Cc loi hnh thng tin
1.Dch v khng lu
Dng chuyn ti thng tin do iu phi vin khng lu lin h vi phi
cng duy tr an ton bay trong khi khai thc ti a cc chuyn bay.
Thng tin trong dch v khng lu bao gm cc lnh kim sot khng lu
(ATC) khong cch bay. Thng tin v cc chuyn bay v cc thng tin v
an ton bay khc. y l thng tin do t chc an ton bay quc t (ICAO)
nh ngha.
2. Dch v iu khin bay trn khng
Dng chuyn ti thng tin gia cc Trung tm hot ng hng bay
v cc phi cng duy tr an ton v cc lut l bay. Cc thng tin bao gm
cc tin tc trao i v hot ng bay nh trng lng, s cn bng hot
ng ca cc ng c, gim st tiu th nhin liu, khong cch c tnh
vi ch cn bay ti c ICAO nh ngha v cc thng tin bay an ton.
3. Dch v qun l bay (Aeronautical Administrative Communication)
L thng tin gia vn phng hng v phi hnh on phi hp cc hot
ng qun tr nh dch v n ung, qun l c, qun l cc ch trng
trong cc chuyn bay tip theo, y khng phi l cc thng tin an ton bay.
4. Dch v thng tin dch v cng cng trn khng
Bao gm tt c cc loi trong h thng thng tin di ng v tinh
AMSS. C bn loi thng tin dch v trn dng chung Anten pht, thu cc
khi tn s Radio v qun tr thng tin trong cng tn s AMSS. Nguyn


nhn ca s dng chung ny l do cc thit b thu, pht v tinh t v
khong khng gian b gii hn trn my bay cho vic trin khai cc thit b.
IV. Dch v thng tin v tinh lu ng (ams)
S dng 4 loi knh thng tin vt l gia mt t v my bay. l
cc knh P, R,C, T. iu ny l do c 4 loi hnh thng tin khc nhau. Cc
knh ny c cc chc nng v cc c tnh vt l khc nhau.
1. Knh P: Knh hp knh v phn chia theo thi gian. C 2 loi
knh P l knh PSME dng kim tra h thng v knh PD
dng truyn s liu. Knh P dng pht tn hiu t mt t ln
my bay mang cc bo hiu v d liu ngi dng ngn. Knh P
pht lin tc s liu t trm mt t GES. Trm AES iu khin
knh ny trong sut thi gian bay v ly cc thng tin cn thit t
.
2. Knh R: Knh truy nhp ngu nhin (Khe Aloha). Knh R dng
pht t trm AES xung mt t. Mang theo cc bo hiu v
s liu ngi dng ngn, c bit l cc tn hiu khi to chuyn
i, cc tn hiu hi c trng. My bay pht thng tin ti
MODE BURST. Thng 2 knh R v P s dng trao i thng tin
bo hiu, Vic thit lp cc knh T v C thng qua 2 knh P v R.
3. Knh C: y l phng thc lin lc thoi vi mi knh thoi
trn mt sng mang (knh ch mch CICURIT) tc l lin lc
s liu v thoi 2 hng, v mi knh pht mt chiu nn n c
lm thnh cp: 1 cho chiu ln, 1 cho chiu xung. Knh C thit
lp theo yu cu ca my bay (qua knh R) khi my bay mun
to lin lc t i iu khin khng lu ti mt t. Cc tn s
knh C (1 i tn s) thit lp li cc knh tn s d liu ca trm
mt t GES.


4. Knh T: knh a truy nhp theo thi gian (DTM) dng cho lin
lc s liu t AES ti GES dng lin lc in vn di. Knh ny
ch c thit lp khi c yu cu ca my bay (qua knh R)
khi n mun gi cc d liu cho ngi dng i. Khi knh c
thit lp th trm my pht ca my bay gi tn hiu d liu ca
n vo cc khe thi gian c thit lp nh trm mt t. Tuy
nhin knh T ny ch cho php vi my bay cng s dng.




chng II: Chuyn ngnh dn ng

Ngnh ny qun l cc trang thit b dn ng ph tr bao gm cc
thit b dn ng hng tuyn, cc thit b dn ng tip cn v h cnh c
nhim v nh hng cho my bay bay ng tuyn bay.
I. H thng hin ti ca chuyn ngnh dn ng
1. Dn ng hng tuyn (H thng thit b dn ng xa)
H thng ny c lp t ti cc v tr c nh trn dc cc tuyn
ng bay trong nc v Quc t c quy nh trn vng thng bo bay
ca c nc. Tt c cc tuyn ng bay trong nc v Quc t trn lnh th
Vit Nam u c lp t cc h thng thit b ph tr dn ng.
Hin nay Vit Nam ang dng 2 loi ph tr dn ng l v tuyn sng
di v hng NDB v v tuyn sng cc ngn a hng VOR/DME. Nhng
loi thit b ny cng c lp t s dng ng di, tip cn, h cnh
v cn mt vi i cn lm c nhim v dn ng, tip cn v h cnh.
2. Dn ng tip cn v h ct cnh
H thng ny c lp t ti cc v tr c nh trong vng tip cn
v h cnh ca my bay m c cng bay nhiu hoc tm nhn b
gii hn, i hi phi lp t cc thit b ca h thng dn ng gn. Cc
thit b ny m bo dn ng cho my bay an ton, chnh xc v hiu qu
trong cng tc iu hnh bay. H thng ny bao gm:
Cc i NDB hoc VOR/DME.
H thng h cnh chnh xc ILS.
H thng h cnh MLS.
H thng dn ng quang hc.
cc sn bay Ni Bi, Nng, Tn Sn Nht c lp t cc h
thng dn ng kt hp gm: i gn, i xa NDB, i VOR/DME,ILS v
cc h thng n tn hiu. cc sn bay a phng ton b cc trang thit b


dn ng u l NDB . Tuy rng vi trang thit b ca h thng dn ng
trn p ng c nhu cu khai thc hin ti ca ngnh qun l bay.
nng cao chnh xc nhm p ng nhu cu bay ca tng lai cng nh nng
cp ph hp vi tiu chun ICAO v chun b tng bc cho h thng dn
ng trong tng lai th cc thit b dn ng ca cc sn bay a phng cn
c thm cc i ILS v dn dn thay th cc i NDB bng VOR/DME c
chnh xc cao hn vi thit b h thng hin i hn cho php theo di tnh
trng ca my ti v tr xa hn ni t i (dng iu khin xa).
Trong tng lai trin khai dn ng bng h thng dn ng v
tinh ton cu GNSS lc cc thit b dn ng hin ti dn dn c
loi b.
II. Cc h thng dn ng
Theo cc tiu chun ca ICAO cc sn bay c phng tin ph tr
dn ng c chia thnh cc mc CAT I, II,III nh sau:
Loi iu kin kh tng cho h cnh Ghi ch
Chiu cao gii hn
cho h cnh
Tm nhn ng
bng

CAT I 60m v ln hn Ln hn 800m n ch th cn nh
hot ng loi 2
CAT II 30m v ln hn Ln hn 400m n ng bng
sng cao
CAT III 0m Ln hn 200m n ng bng
sng cao
CAT IIIB 0m Ln hn 50m n tm ng bng
CAT IIIC 0m 0m v ln hn n vng tip cn
my bay


1. i dn ng v tuyn sng i v hng NDB (Non Directional
Radio Beacon)
NDB l mt my pht thanh pht trn tn s thp, trung bnh v pht
ra mi hng, km theo i hiu nhm gip my bay c th bay hng v
cc i NDB c t theo cc khng l trong nc v quc t.
NDB l thit b dn ng ph tr bng sng Radio m trm pht
mt t pht ra mi hng trn my bay s ch th cho phi cng bit hng
bay ti i. Khi ngi li trn my bay nhn tn hiu ca i NDB bng
cch nghe tn hiu nhn dng ca i pht 2 ln trong 1 chu k trn tn s
1020KHz. Theo kim ch th ca b nh hng phi cng c th li theo
hng ch ca kim ti i NDB. Khi my bay vt qua i NDB th kim ch
th ca b nh hng quay ngc 180
0
bo hiu cho ngi li bit my bay
bay qua i.
i NDB c th dng lm nhim v dn ng di, dn ng tip
cn ti sn v dng lm i ch hng cho thii b ILS.
Tnh nng k thut.
1. Di tn s lm vic (Radio frequencies):
- Di tn lm vic ca cc i NDB nm trong khong (1901750)KHz
(Annex 10). Vi sai s tn s cho php f 0,01% so vi tn s lm vic.
Trong trng hp i NDB c cng sut pht ln hn 200W v tn s lm
vic ln hn 1606,5 KHz th f yu cu l 0,0005%.
- Vi cc i Locator lm nhim v kt hp b tr cho h thng ILS
th tn s lm vic gia hai i phi cch nhau mt khong f v c qui
nh: 15KHz < f < 25KHz.
2. Cng sut pht (Coverage).
* Cng sut pht ca i NDB phi c m bo ph sng ng vi
mt c ly nht nh tu thuc vo nhim v ca i.


- Trong ch "landing": T (1520) nautical mile.
- Trong ch "enroute": T (25 150) nautical mile.
* Cng sut pht ca mt i NDB khng c vt qu 2dB so vi
mc cn thit m bo tm ph sng ca c ly cho php.
Vit Nam cc i NDB pht tn s 220 550 KHz.
3. iu ch (modulation).
Phn iu ch ca i NDB, trong qu trnh iu chnh cn ch n
2 tham s:
a. Tn s m thanh iu ch (The Modulating tone):
- Tiu chun 1020 50Hz
- Tiu chun 400 25Hz.
b. su iu ch (The depth of modulation) 95%.
4. Tn hiu nhn dng (Identification).
- S dng m Morse quc t.
- Tc 7 t /1 pht.
- Ni dung: Ti a l 3 t (ch hoc s).
- Thi gian c php mt Ident: khng qu 1 pht.
5. H thng kim tra v iu khin (Monitoring).
Tiu chun ti thiu ca h thng kim tra v iu khin ca mt i
NDB gm:
- Cng sut: Khi cng sut gim -3dB phi t chuyn my (hoc tt my).
- Mt tn hiu nhn dng: Phi t chuyn my (hoc tt my).
- H thng Monitor c s c: Phi t chuyn my (hoc tt my).
6. H thng cp ngun (Power supply).
H thng cp ngun y cho mt i NDB gm 3 dng theo th t
u tin sau:
- in mng cng nghip (AC)


- in my n (AC)
- c quy (DC)
Khi mt ngun, thi gian chuyn i t ngun ny sang ngun khc
tu thuc vo chc nng ca thit b (thng thng t 8" 20").
H thng chuyn i l tng l h thng chuyn i t ng.
7. Anten (Antenna).
Thng thng cc i NDB s dng cc dng Anten sau:
- Anten ch "T"
- Anten ch "I"
- Anten c h s phm cht cao - Polestar.
Anten c nh gi qua mt tham s gi l h s bc x ca anten.
H s c nh ngha:
Cng sut bc x ra khng gian
Cng sut u vo ca anten




H s bc x ca Anten ph thuc vo cng sut u vo ca Anten
(tc cng sut ca my pht). Cng sut u vo cng ln i hi h s bc
x ca Anten cng ln tc phm cht ca Anten cng cao.
8. Tm hot ng; Tm hot ng ti a ca NDB l 1000Km ph
thuc vo 4 yu t:
- Phc thuc vo truyn sng vo ban ngy hoc ban m.
- Truyn sng trn mt t hoc mt nc.
- Cng sut my pht: nh nht 20W, ln nht l 5KW.
- V tuyn t i.
9. i hiu: c pht theo m lut Morse.
i hiu chia lm 2 loi:


- i quc ni: gm 2 ch ci.
- i quc t: i hiu gm 3 ch ci.
Ch u tin X biu th i quc t.
Ch th hai V tn nc t i.
Ch th ba D ni t i.
Tn s pht i hiu: 1020Hz 50Hz.
400 Hz 25Hz.
Nguyn tc hot ng ca NDB.
1. Anten: My pht c:
Cng sut nh hn 1kW th dng anten hnh ch T.
Cng sut ln hn hoc bng 1kW th dng anten tr.
2. Nguyn tc hot ng:
Dng in cao tn t my pht truyn ti anten bc x ra ngoi
khng gian theo mi hng.
Trang thit b t trn my bay.
1. My thu ADF (Automatic Direction Finder): dng tn s thp v
trung bnh c 3 bng tn s:
- Bng 1 t 190 - 400KHz.
- Bng 2 t 400 - 800KHz.
- Bng 3 t 800 - 1750KHz.
i km vi ADF c 2 loi Anten:
- Anten v hng: c 1 si dy di.
- Anten nh hng: Anten khung c th l hnh trn, vung hoc
ch nht.


Cng dng ca NDB: C 4 cng dng:
1. Dng bay quy hng: bay ti i NDB
2. Xc nh v tr ang bay.
3. Dng vng ch.
4. Dng p xung sn bay.
a. Cch bay quy hng (Homing).
Sau khi ct cnh ti sn bay A ngi li m my ADF tn s ca
i dng Head phone nghe i hiu nhn ng h RMI hoc Radio
Compass (dng anten v hng) t cng tc anten v hng bt sang cng
tc anten nh hng, chuyn qua khung. Xoay kim ln (RMI) hoc xoay
Radio Compass sau khng nghe c i hiu.
Phng ca my bay ang bay so vi phng ca sng Anten pht 1
gc 60
0
: khi bay qua nh i kim ng h i 180
0
khi kim ca ng h
ch v s 0.
b. Xc nh v tr: Dng 2 i NDB.
- Gi hng bay c, m ADF trn tn s i NDB2, nghe di hiu.
Xoay Anten thu cho ti khi khng nghe c i hiu ca i s 2.
c. Bay vng ch: Chiu lch ca kim ng h c thay i hay khng.
- lch: C thay i, chiu lch kim v v tr ca my bay lun
lun lch nhau.
d. Dng p xung sn bay.
Anten ca i NDB phi nm trn trc ng bng khi h xung sn
bay tm nhn r phi 1km th mi c h cnh.
Cc c im ca i NDB:
u im: i NDB v thit b ch hng s dng rng ri trong nhiu
nm, cc thao tc rt quen thuc vi cc phi cng, h thng mt t n
gin v gi thnh r.
Nhc im: i NDB chu nh hng rt mnh ca a vt, a
hnh v cc nhiu tp ca thi tit, c trng hp do nh hng ca my thu


ADF thu c ch th sai lm kim ch th lch qu xa gy nguy him cho
my bay. Li ca i NDB cn xy ra khi st nh hoc nhiu x ca sng
in t vo ban m. B ch hng ADF trng kim ch th hng my bay
so vi i nhng ngi li my bay phi cn chnh xc trnh cc sai lch
tnh ca kim ch th. Ni chung i NDB ti y s ch cn thng dng lm
i ch hng ti sn v i im cho ILS.
2. i dn ng ph tr v tuyn sng cc ngn v hng phng v
VOR (Very High Frequency Omni Range).
VOR l mt my pht n pht trn tn s VHF c km i hiu v
pht sng ra mi hng nhm cung cp cho my bay gc phng v
mun bay, gc phng v ny tng ng vi gc phng v tnh
c t i ly hng bc t lm chun v xoay theo chiu kim ng h.
270
0
90
0
315
0
225
0
135
0
45
0
360
0
VOR
VOR
MN=MagneticNorth:
Hngbct

Hnh 2.1. Cc hng my bay bay ti i VOR.
VOR l h thng dn ng ph tr bng sng Radio pht ra cc
sng in t theo mi hng trong khng gian, gip my bay xc nh c
phng v ca n vi v tr i.


i VOR pht ra 2 tn hiu bao gm l pha bin thin v pha chun.
Tn hiu pha chun l tn hiu iu ch 30Hz c pha c nh theo mi
hng. Pha bin thin l tn hiu iu ch 30Hz m pha ca n tr khi my
bay chuyn hng theo kim ng h v tr 360
0
khi hng quay 360
0
bng
cch o s khc pha gia hai tn hiu m phi cng o gc phng v gia
my bay vi i.
Tnh nng k thut:
1. Bng tn s: Pht trn tn s VHF t 108MHz 118MHz l
khong tn s m i VOR pht trn 1 tn s nht nh, i ny cch i
kia l 50KHz.
2. Tm hot ng: Ph thuc vo cng sut ca my pht v cng
sut ca VOR c 2 loi:
Nu my pht l 200W c gi l VOR hng A v tm hot ng
theo tiu chun ca ICAO ti thiu l 200Km l 50W gi l VOR hng B
hoc CVOR hoc DVOR tm hot ng ti thiu 50km cao 5000feet =
1666m.
i VOR c phn chia theo nhim v dn ng ng di, i
VOR dn ng tip cn ti sn. C vi loi VOR s dng cho c mc tiu
trn. Theo nguyn l lm vic th c 2 loi VOR chnh: CVOR v DVOR.
a) i VOR thng - CVOR: H thng VOR ny tn hiu l 30Hz
thay i iu ch AM sng mang. Nhc im ln nht ca CVOR so vi
DVOR l n b nh hng ca ngoi cnh nh nh cao, ng dy cao p,
thp c vt liu st, thp xung quanh v tr t i. i CVOR c th cn
gy ra sai s khi c nh hng ca phn x sng in t nhng vt cn.
b) i DOPPLER VOR - DVOR: H thng DVOR tn hiu 30Hz
chun iu ch AM sng mang cn 30Hz thay i iu ch FM sng mang
ph 9960Hz nh hiu ng Doppler gy ra do hot ng pht sng ca i
trn cc Anten. S dn bin sng mang ph i DVOR l hiu ng dch dn


Doppler ca tn hiu.Tn hiu bin tn a ra 48 (50) Anten bin tn DVOR
nm trn ng trn ng knh c 13 m v sinh ra dch tn FM tng
ng cho tn hiu pht x, v pha bin thin ca i VOR cha thng tin
phng v my bay c iu ch tn s sng mang FM nn h thng rt t
b nh hng ca cc vt cn quanh v tr t i nh CVOR. H thng
DVOR c 2 loi: SSB v DSB. H thng DSB c c tnh t b nh hng
ca s phn x do a hnh nh SSB do c gi thnh cao hn i SSB.
Cc c im ca i VOR: H thng VOR khng cn cn chnh, sai
lch do tri im tnh, nh hng ca p sut kh quyn khng cn ng k
do vic s dng tn s VHF: chnh xc thng tin phng v ca i cao
hn hn so vi i NDB. Cc nhc im ca i ch yu l khong ph
sng thp bng tm nhn thng do s phn x sng v nhim v ca chng
ngi vt xung quanh gy ra tng hn so vi NDB.
Cc ch tiu k thut ca h thng VOR:
Di tn s: 108 118MHz
Cng sut cc i:
ng di: 200w.
Ti sn v tip cn: 100 50w.
Gc ngng: 40
0

i VOR b nh hng bi cc to nh v a hnh xung quanh c
bit l i VOR tip cn v h cnh s c th lm i VOR ch th phng
v sai ng k.

Nguyn tc hot ng ca i VOR.
Ngoi tn s 1020Hz ti i hiu v bin iu bin sng mang.
Thng dng hai tn s bin iu u l 30Hz.


- Mt tn s 30Hz bin iu sng mang c truyn ti 4 anten cng
mt lc v bc x ra khng gian theo mi hng v c pha khng i mi
hng nn c chn lm 30Hz chun (Reference signal).
30Hz chun c c l do 9960Hz 480Hz bin iu bin sng
mang mc 30Hz.
- Tn s 30Hz cn li do Sideband 1 v 2 to ra v c ln lt
truyn ti tng cp anten mt lc v lc ny c pha thay i nn gi l
30Hz thay i (Varable signal).
- Tn s 30Hz thay i ng pha vi 30Hz chun hng bc t v
t hng bc t xoay theo chiu kim ng h th 30Hz thay i lun lun
tr pha so vi 30Hz chun do s tr pha tng mt ny 30Hz thay i kt
hp 30Hz chun to thnh nhiu tuyn phng v khc nhau tnh bng
cung cp cho my bay trong nhng tuyn hng bay.
Trang thit b t trn my bay.
- My thu VHF thu c tn s t 108MHz n 118MHz (thu VOR
v thu LOC) c anten sng tru.
- Trc mt ngi li phi c ng h OBS (Omni Bearing Selector)
c ngn chn tuyn phng v mun bay: To sng l bay v i.
From sng l bay qua i.
C OFF sng th khng s
dng c i VOR.
ng h OBS dng chn tuyn phng v mun bay.
- ng h ICP (ILS Cros Pointer).
Kim ng: dng cho i LOC hoc VOR.
Kim ngang: Dng cho i G.S.
Cng dng ca i VOR.


Gm 4 cng dng:
- Bay quy hng
- Bay vng ch.
- Trnh khu vc cm bay.
- H cnh xung ng bng.
1. Bay quy hng: Bay hng v i, ti i.
M my thu VHF trn tn s ca i dng tai nghe i hiu vn OBS
tuyn phng v mun bay (gi s OBS = 80
0
).
Sau nhn kim ng ca ng h ICP bay.
2. Bay vng ch.
3. Trnh khu vc cm bay.
4. H cnh xung ng bng.
* u khuyt im:
u im:
- Cung cp 360 tuyn phng v vi chnh xc l 2
0
cho mt tuyn.
- t b nhiu bi thi tit v dng sng VHF.
- Nu c kt hp vi DME th VOR + DME l mt h dn ng l
tng gip cho my bay thng xuyn xc nh c v tr bay ca mnh
chnh xc.
Khuyt im:
- V hot ng trong bng tn VHF nn tm hot ng ph thuc vo
cao ca my bay, bay cng cao tm hot ng cng xa.
- i hi phi c kim tra nh k bng my bay c trang b my
mc o lng chnh xc, trung bnh 3 thng bay th 1 ln, ti thiu 6 thng
bay th 1 ln.


3. i dn ng ph tr o khong cch DME (Distance Measuring
Equipment).
i DME l i thu, pht trn tn s UHF, c nhim v thng bo c
ly bay c t i cho n my bay mt cch lin tc. C ly ny l c ly
nghing l khong cch t i n my bay.
DME hot ng thnh 1 h thng v gm c hai thnh phn. Thnh
phn DME trang b cho my bay gi l my hi (Interrogator).
DME t di mt t gi l my tr li (Transponder).
H thng DME lin tc cung cp cho my bay thng tin khong cch
t my bay so vi i. My bay pht xung nh b hi t trn n v trm
mt t (cn gi l b pht p). Nhn c cc xung hi ny t my bay
v n s t ng tr li bng cc xung tr li c tn s sng mang cch tn
s sng mang xung hi 63MHz. Thng tin khong cch o c nh
c khong thi gian t thi im pht xung hi ti thi im nhn xung
tr li. Thi gian tr 6.17s tng ng khong cch 1NM (3Km). Do tn
hiu sng in t truyn trong khng gian vi vn tc bng vn tc nh
sng C = 300.000Km/s.
H thng VOR/DME c hai loi cho dn ng hng tuyn v tip
cn. Thit b DME c th dng vi h thng ILS khi cc i xa ca ILS
khng c lp t.
Cc c im ca i DME: i DME c th ng thi tr li ti a
100 my bay. Do i DME s dng bng tn s UHF nn t b nh hng
ca nhiu kh quyn v thi tit. DME cng c khong ph sng theo tm
nhn thng LOS.
Khi lp ng trc hai Anten VOR/DME th ch cn tho mn cc
iu kin ngoi vi ca VOR. Khi lp t bn cnh th ch n cc to nh,
thp bng thp t gn Anten DME s phn x sng gy li ln. Khi lp t
cng vi ILS th cn ch lm sao cho Anten pht Glidepath khng gy


cn tr vi tm nhn ca DME. Cn lp t Anten DME cao hn khu nh
cha my pht trnh nh hng ca sng phn x.
Tnh nng k thut:
S knh: 252 knh.
Phng php iu ch: iu bin.
Anten pht : Phn cc ngang.
Di tn: 108 118MHz.
Tn s pht b hi (Tn s thu b pht p): 1025 1150MHz.
Tn s pht sng b pht p (Tn s thu b hi): 962 1024MHz.
(BT) 1151 1213MHz (bng cao).
Khong cch tn s: 100MHz.
Cng sut cc i:
ng di: 3000w.
Tip cn ti sn: 1500w.
Dng ni ILS: 100w.
Phng thc lm vic:
DME/N dng dn ng di vi ph pht x hp.
DME/P dng vi MLS dn ng di ph pht x hp.
DME/W dn ng di hoc tip cn vi ph pht rng.
Mode xung lm vic: W, X, Y, Z (khong cch gia hai xung knh
X=1.2s).
Knh Y = 30s.
Tc lp xung:
DME/N: 30i/s.


DME/P tm kim: 40i/s.
My bay trn mt t: 5i/s.
Bt u tip cn: 16i/s.
Cui tip cn 40i/s.
Tm hot ng ti a ca DME l 200NM 370 Km cao
22900m.
Loi tn hiu pht: Pht trn nhng cp xung lc.
Kh nng: Tr li cp cho 100 my bay cng 1 lc sai s ca n l
3% sai s c ly.
i hiu: 1 s im v mt s gch - - {Nhm i hiu c pht
ti a trong 5s pht lp si sau 30s}.
Nguyn tc hot ng ca DME.
My bay mun bit c ly ca mnh th phi pht ra cp xung ring
ca mnh. i mt t s thu ht ri a qua my pht tr li my thu
DME trn my bay s thu cp sung ca mnh v ng thi ng h in
t trn my bay s tnh thi gian t lc pht n lc nhn l cp xung ca
n ri i thnh c ly xut hin trn mt kim ng h trc mt phi cng.
TACAN: VOR v DME t chung 1 v tr.
Cng dng ca DME:
L cung cp c ly cho my bay: ngy nay DME thng c t kt
hp vi VOR.
C cng dng thm l bay qui hng.
1. Bay qui hng VOR/DME.
OBS = (gc phng v mun bay).
Nhn kim ng ca ICP li my bay.


Ti i n To tt, n From sng v nhn ng h DME thy
khong cch nh nht.
2. Bay vng ch.
3. Trnh khu vc cm bay: xc nh gc phng v.
4. H cnh.
* u, khuyt im:
1. u im: Nh cung cp c ly cho my bay nn vic xc nh ca
my bay c chnh xc do vic kim sot khng lu c d dng.
2. Khuyt im: Ph tn v trang b cao v k thut phc tp. Ch o
c ly nghing t my bay n i mt t.
4. i dn ng tm xa LORAN (Long Range Navigation
System):
Loran l i dn ng tm xa tm hot ng ti a 3000km pht
sng trn tn s trung bnh t b nh hng bi thi tit nhm gip my bay
c th bay xuyn lc a hoc bay ti cc o gia cc i Dng. Loran
hot ng thnh tng cp v c t dc theo b bin pha bc i Ty
Dng v Thi Bnh Dng.
* Tnh nng k thut:
1. Bng tn s: Trung bnh MF t 1650KHz n 1950KHz tn s ca
i ny cch i kia l 10KHz v c 4 knh tn s (channels).
Channel 1: 1950 KHz.
Channel 2: 1850 KHz.
Channel 3: 1750 KHz.
Channel 4: 1650 KHz.


Mi mt cp i LORAN pht trn mt tn s nht nh tuy nhin 2
cp i LORAN c th pht chung 1 tn s vi iu kin l nhp lp li
khc nhau.
2. Nhp lp li: PRR (Pulse Repeatition Rate): Mi cp i LORAN
c 1 nhp lp li ring v c hai loi nhp lp li.
- Nhp lp li chm (Thp): LPRR (Low Pulsse Repeatition Rate gi
tt l LO) LO trong 1s ng h pht ra 25 xung.
- Nhp lp li nhanh (Cao): HPRR (High Pulsse Repeatition Rate gi
tt l LI). LI trong 1s pht ra 33 xung tr ln.
3. Anten v cng sut my pht:
Anten tr, pht sng ra mi hng thnh nhng ng cong hypebol.
Cng sut ca my pht l 100kW.
4. Tm hot ng.
- Tm hot ng ban ngy pha mt t l 150km.
Pha mt nc l 1100km.
- V ban m v mt t 1000km.
V mt nc 2500km.
5. Sng v tuyn in o c ly mc tiu RADAR (Radio Detection
And Ranging):
Radar l mt phng tin kim sot khng lu, kh tng v kim
sot vin ngi trc mn hnh Radar c th theo di c cc mc tiu mt
cch lin tc v chnh xc vi Radar cp 2 (SSR) ngi kim sot vin cn
bit c loi mc tiu (my bay) vn tc cng cao ca my bay.
Tnh nng k thut:
1. Tm hot ng: Gm 4 yu t:


a) Tn s pht: Di Viba (Micro Wave) di tn t 1000MHz
30000MHz trong di Viba nu tn s pht cng thp th tm
hot ng cng xa v tn s pht cng cao th tm hot ng
cng gim.
b) Cng sut ca my pht:
Cng sut ca my pht ln tm hot ng xa.
Cng sut ca my pht nh tm hot ng gn.
c) Nhp lp li PRF (Pulse Repeat Frequency):
L khong thi gian mt xung pht ra khi gp mc tiu di tr v
th khong thi gian t lc pht n lc nhn tr v gi l chu k
lp li.
d) Vn tc xoay ca Anten:
Nu Anten xoay cng chm tm hot ng cng xa.
Nu Anten xoay cng nhanh tm hot ng cng gn.
Nguyn tc hot ng ca Radar:
1. Anten v s bc x:
Anten Parabol mt phn x hnh cong Parabol. Anten nh hng l
to tiu im hng t ti tiu im ca mt phn x.
2. Nguyn tc hot ng:
Pht ra nhng xung in ra mt hng nhng xung ny gp nhng mc
tiu c dc tnh sng in t th xung s di tr v Anten s thu v ng h
in t my thu Radar s tnh thi gian t lc pht xong i v n lc nhn n
v. Thi gian ny ng h c tnh d = Cf. V ng h c b x l n hin ra
ring v tr m xung di tr v v lm xut hin mc tiu trn mn hnh
Radar cng v tr xung di v v khong cch vi Anten.



Mn hnh Radar:
Tt c cc mn hnh Radar c mt trn v tm ca mn hnh l v tr
ca Anten. Trn mn hnh c nhng vng trn ng tm cch u nhau v
khong cch gia hai vng trn c th thay i mn hnh ny c gi l
mn hnh PPI (Plan Position Indicator) .
B phn xo cc mc tiu khng cn thit:
1. B phn xo mc tiu c nh MTI (Moving Target Indicator ):
nguyn tc hot ng ca MTI l so snh pha tn hiu v tn hiu di nu
pha khng i th mc tiu b xo cn nu pha thay i th mc tiu c
duy tr.
2. B phn mc xo tiu bt thng khng cn thit FTC (Fast Time
Coustant) hoc CP (Cireular Polarigation):
Xut hin trn mn hnh bt thng gy tr ngi cho kim sot khng
lu.
3. B phn iu ho sng STC (Sensitivity Time Conttrol).
Cc loi Radar thng dng trong ngnh Hng khng:
1. Radar kim sot ng di: c hai loi:
- ARSR (Air Route Sureillance Radar): L loi Radar c tm
hot ng ln khong 200NM = 370Km, cng sut ln
5000Kw v dng hai tn s 1280MHz, 1350MHz.
- Mn hnh ca Radar PPI
- Khong cch cc vng trn ng tm 10NM, 15NM, 20NM,
25NM,... 50NM.
- SSR (Secondary Surveillance Radar): Radar cp hai hot ng
thnh mt h thng v c hai thnh phn:
+ SSR t mt t gi l my hi (Interrogator).


+ SSR trn my bay gi l my tr li (Transponder).
Tn s hot ng l tn s thp nh Viba.
Cng sut nh khong 200Kw, 3000Kw.
Nguyn tc hot ng ca SSR:
My mt t pht ra nhng xung lc trn my bay thu nhng
xung lc ri a qua my pht pht ra tr li v phi pht theo
m lut qui nh v my t trn mt t thu li ri xut hin
trn mn hnh.
u im ca SSR so vi ASSR:
- Tm hot ng xa hn d cng sut nh hn (v SSR trn my
bay c my thu ri a qua my pht, pht tr li my hi i
vi ASSR n hot ng c lp).
- Nh c Code cho nn c th nhn dng c loi my bay v
c th nhn dng l my bay bn hay my bay mnh.
Radar kim sot tip cn ASR ( Appoach Surveillance Radar):
N pht trn tn s 3000MHz. Cng sut P = 500Kw.
Tm hot ng D 60NM =110Km.
Mn hnh PPI: Tm ca mn hnh l v tr Anten trn c nhiu
vng trn ng tm v khong cch gia hai vng trn 5NM, 10NM, 15NM
trn mn hnh lng 1 bn in t c bit ca khu vc sn bay.
Radar kim sot khu vc sn bay ASDE (Airport Surplace
Detection Equipment) c trang b cho nhng sn bay c sng m
hng dn my bay t bi u ra ng bng v ngc li hoc xe c v
ngi i li trong khu vc sn bay.
Tn s pht f = 30.000 MHz.
Tm hot ng D = 3NM = 5,5Km.


Anten t trn nc i kim sot v n xoay vi vn tc rt nhanh.
Hai my bay i cng trn 1 ng bay phi cch nhau ti thiu l
15m trn mn hnh mi phn bit c.
Hai my bay bay song song vi nhau khong cch t u cnh ny
cch nhau ti thiu l 4,5m mi pht hin c trn mn hnh.
Radar h cnh chnh xc PAR (Perecision Approach Radar).
L mt loi Rada dng hng dn my bay h cnh xung ng
bng c an ton trong mi iu kin cn thit khi h cnh bng PAR th
khng cn dng ti h thng ILS nhng phi cng phi bay theo s ch dn
ca ngi kim st vin ngi trc mn hnh Radar.
Tn s pht ca PAR l 10000 MHz.
Tm hot ng 18Km v hng p.
V tia qut c 2 loi:
- Tia qut ngang qut 1 gc 20
0
bao ph ng bng.
- Tia qut ng qut 1 gc 7
0
bao ph ng dc p.
chnh xc: V c li l 100m.
V phng v (qut ngang) 6m.
V cao (qut ng) 3m.
Mn hnh ca PAR khc vi mn hnh ca Radar l c ci tip
cn.
Mn hnh chia lm 2 phn:
- Phn trn l ng dc p.
- Phn di c ng bng v trc ng bng.
ng thng song song o c li cch u nhau ng n cch
ng kia l 1NM.


Nguyn tc hot ng: i pht pht ra 2 loi tia qut v tia qut
ng qut 1 gc 7
0
so vi ng dc p. Cn tia qut ngang qut 1 gc 20
0

bao ph ng bng.
Mt chic my bay xut hin trn mn hnh PAR thnh 2 chm sng
ring bit nhng 2 chm sng ny phi nm trn 1 ng thng gc vi trc
ng bng.
Cng dng: Dng gip my bay p xung ng bng an ton
trong mi thi tit.
6. H thng tr gip h cnh ILS (Instrument Landing System)
H thng tr gip h cnh ILS cung cp cc thng tin nh hng dn
ng chnh xc cho qu trnh h cnh ca my bay ti cc sn bay chnh
xc xung ng bng mt cch an ton ngay c khi thi tit rt xu. H
thng ILS bao gm: i ch hng h cnh (Localizer), i ch gc h cnh
(Glidepath), i im gia (Middle Marker) v i dim xa (Outer Marker).
6.1. i ch hng h cnh GS (Glide Slope): i ny pht cc tn hiu
thng tin hng dn ch hng ng trc ca ng bng m rng
(Extended Runway). i pht hai bp sng iu ch cc tn hiu m
tn sao cho ch khi my bay bay trn mt phng thng ng cha trc
ca ng bng th 2 tn hiu thu c my thu mi bng nhau. Khi
my bay ang h cnh xung b lch v pha bn phi trc ng
bng th kim ch th ng ca b thu ch th lch v bn tri. Nu my
bay bay lch v pha tri trc ng bng th kim ch th ng lch v
bn phi. Ngi li theo di ch th ca b thu ILS v sa li bng
cch a my bay v pha m kim ch th lch i.
i GS c nhim v gip my bay p xung ng bng ng
dc p theo qui nh ca ng bng:
1. Tnh nng k thut:
a. Bng tn s: Dng tn UHF t 328,6 MHz 335,4 MHz.


b. Tm hot ng: 18km pht v hng pht.
c. Tn s bin iu: s dng 2 tn s bin iu l 90Hz v 150Hz.
d. i hiu: khng pht i hiu.
2. Nguyn tc hot ng:
Dng in cao tn t my pht truyn ti anten bc x ra ngoi
khng gian thnh hai sng i xng nhau qua ng dc p qui nh
ca sn bay, cnh sng pha di ng dc p c bin iu bi 150Hz
v cnh sng pha bn trn c bin iu bi 90Hz.
3. Trang thit b t trn my bay:
- My thu UHF: my ny c th thu vi tn s t 328,6 335,4 MHz.
- ng h ICP (Kim ngang).
6.2. i ch gc h cnh GP (Glide path): i ny pht cc thng tin
hng dn cho my bay bay v gc h cnh xung ng bng. i
ny cng pht 2 bp sng iu ch bi 2 tn hiu m tn (90Hz v
150Hz). Sao cho my bay bay xung theo mt phng h cnh chun
(gc h cnh 3
0
) th 2 tn hiu thu ti b thu s bng nhau. Nu my
bay ang h cnh theo gc h cnh sai vi gc h cnh chun v
pha tri th kim ch th ngang ca b thu s lch xung di. Nu
my bay bay theo gc h cnh nh hn gc h cnh chun th kim
ch th ngang di chuyn ln trn. Ngi li da vo s a my
bay tr li gc h cnh chun.
6.3. i ch hng h cnh LOC (Localizer).
i LOC c cng dng l gip my bay p xung ng bng
* Tnh nng k thut.
a. Bng tn s: Pht trn tn s VHF t 108 KHz 112 MHz v tn
pht lun lun c mt ch s thp phn, mi tn s ca i LOC pht
trn mt tn s nht nh.


Tn s i ny cch i kia 200KHz.
b. Tm hot ng: i LOC pht hai pha:
V pha cc pht l 45km.
V pha ngc li l 30Km.
cao 600m.
c. Tn s bin iu: i LOC dng 2 tn s bin in khc nhau l
90Hz v 150Hz.
d. i hiu: Gm 3 hoc 4 ch ci v c pht m lut Morse. Ch
u: I (ILS) 2 hoc 3 ch ci tip theo l ni t i.
Dng tn s ti i hiu l 1020 Hz.
Nhm i hiu c pht 7 nhm/pht.
* Nguyn tc hot ng.
- Dng in cao tn t my pht truyn n 15 anten alffor bc x ra
ngoi khng gian thnh hai cnh sng i xng nhau qua trc ng
bng.
- Cnh sng bn phi c bin iu 150Hz.
- Cnh sng bn tri c bin iu 90Hz.
* Trang thit b t trn my bay.
- Trn my bay phi c my thu VHF:
My thu VHF c th thu tn s t 108 118 MHz LOC.
112 118 MHz VOR.
Dng cho thu LOC v VOR.
- ng h ICP (kim ng), anten sng tru v headphone.



V tr t cc i:
i LOC c 15 Anten alford phi t trn 1 ng thng thng gc
vi trc ng bng cch u ng bng 300m v hng i din vi
hng p. Nh t my bn phi hoc bn tri ng bng u c.
i GS t bn phi, tri trc ng bng v hng v hng p
khong cch t i ti trc ng bng t 130 n 200m mc trung bnh
150m.
Khong cch t i GS n u ng bng t 250 - 415m TB
300m. Anten t st i lun khi bay qua OM c n mu hoc tm sng
ln khong cch cn li ti sn bay l 8km bay qua nh MM n mu cam
sng bit c cch ng bng 1km.
Bay qua nh IM n mu trng sng ln khong cch ti ng bng
l 75m ca Php, 300m ca M.
GS
T130200m
TB150m
IM MD OM
Php:75m
M:300m
1Km
6,5Km12Km
TB:8Km
250415m
TB:300m
Hngp
1
15
300m

Hnh 2.2. H thng ILS

6.4. i im gia (Middle Marker): i ny pht sng in t sao
cho mt my bay ang h cao h cnh xung ng bng c
th xc nh im tn cng ca ng bng 1000m. i ny c
t cch i im tn cng ca ng bng 1050m v nm trn
ng thng ca trc ng bng. i pht ra mt chm sng in


t hnh qut theo hng thng ng ln khng gian. Khi my bay
bay vo vng sng hnh qut th n ch th trn my bay nhp nhy
v c thu m thanh 1300Hz pht ra t loa bo cho ngi li bit
rng bay qua i. Trong trng hp lp t ILS ch theo tiu
chun cp I v tr ca i im gia va l i im nh du cao
chnh xc cho my bay h cnh.
6.5. i im xa (Outer Marker): i ny thit k in t sao cho
my bay ang tip cn c th tm ra 1 im cch 7Km tnh t im
tn cng ca ng bng. i ny cng pht chm sng nh i
im gia. Khi my bay bay vo vng ph sng th n ch th nhp
nhy v m thanh 400Hz pht ra t loa bo hiu cho phi cng bit v
tr v gip ngi phi cng phi xem ngay cao bo co cho
kim sot vin khng lu.
6.6. Cc h thng thit b ph tr: i phng v (Compass Locator)
l i NDB c cng sut thp dng ch hng cho my bay bit v tr
ca i ILS. Thng th i NDB ny c t ti v tr ca i im
xa.
6.7. H thng ILS/DME: Nu i im xa khng c lp t v iu
kin phn x sng ln. Ta thay th mt i DME cng sut thp ti
v tr ca i nh v ng h cnh.
6.8. H thng n tip cn: H thng n my c s dng khi tm
nhn ang b hn ch v m bo cho vic tip cn an ton ti ng
bng.
* Cc ch tiu k thut ca i ILS:
+ i hng h cnh:
Tn s VHF: 108 112MHz.
Cng sut nh: 10w.


Khong cch tc dng: 45Km trong vng hot ng tnh t tim
ng bng sang mi bn 15
0
.
Tn s iu ch: 90Hz v 150Hz.
+ i im xa:
Tn s: 75MHz.
Cng sut nh: 3w.
Tn hiu nghe c 12/45s ti my bay cch 96 Hi l.
Tn s iu ch: 400Hz.
+ i im gia:
Tn s: 75MHz.
Cng sut pht nh: 1w.
Khong cch tc dng: Tn hiu nghe thy 6/2s.
Tn s s iu ch 1300Hz
+ i ch hng:
Tn s: 200 4150Hz.
Cng sut nh: 20w.
Khong cch tc dng : 10 25NM.
7. H thng tr gip h cnh MLS - MICROWAVE LANDING
SYSTEM.
H thng ny cha c dng trong hin ti ca Vit Nam v nm
trong s cc thit b dn ng hin i cn li trong h thng CNS/ATM
mi. H thng LMS bao gm cc thit b lp t di mt t gn sn bay
v thit b x l tn hiu trn my bay. Nhiu tn hiu dn ng pht ra t
h thng di mt t v thit b thu s thu nhn cc thng tin cn thit cho
yu cu h cnh. Cc thit b c bn cho mt h thng tr gip h cnh


MLS bao gm cc i gc phng v (AZ - Azimuth Angle), i gc ngng
(AL - Dlevation Element ) v i o gc phng v sau (BAZ - Backamuth
Angle) nu thy cn thit.
1. i gc phng v: Lp t theo trc ng bng m rng c
nhim v cung cp cho my bay chun b h cnh, cc thng tin
hng dn v phng v. i ny cng pht d liu cn thit v
ph tr v tnh trng hot ng ca cc thit b trn mt t, thi
tit v cc v tr ca cc thit b trn mt t.
2. i gc ngng: Lp t theo trc ng bng. i ny c nhim
v cung cp v gc h cnh ca my bay.
3. Gc phng v sau: Lp t ti khu vc cnh phn p xung
ca ng bng. i ny cung cp cho my bay vng v phng
v ca n (bay vng l trng thi m cc my bay phi bay vng
quanh sn bay cho ti khi ng bng ht bn). i ny cn cung
cp thng tin phng v cho cc my bay bay ngang qua i.



phn III: my pht dn ng SA 500

1. M t chung SA500
y l my pht dn ng ton hng, iu ch bin (AM)
iu chnh cng sut pht ra n 500w. My pht dng k thut chuyn
mch trong khuch i cng sut v b iu ch/ iu chnh mang li hiu
sut cao, gn nh. B kch thch bao gm b tng hp tn s t 190
535KHz n nh bng thch anh. B dao ng kp m tn (1020 hoc
400Hz), Manip m Morse c lp trnh kiu chuyn mch DIP, mch
kim tra v mch x l thoi tu chn.
Phn cng sut ca mi my pht bao gm hai h thng 250w c
lp, mi h thng c mt b lc ra, mt khuch i kiu chuyn mch
(ng ngt) v b iu ch/iu chnh kiu chuyn mch. Cc m tn ra ca
mi h thng c tng hp li cung cp 500w cho mt khi ghp.
My pht kp SA500 bao gm hai my pht SA500 v mt khi t
ng chuyn i my c lp t trong mt t ring.
2. Tnh nng k thut SA500
Tiu chun c p dng theo yu cu ca ICAO, FCC v CCIR
Tn s t 190 535KHz, b tng hp tn s n nh bng thch anh
chuyn mch la chn tng gim mi nc 500Hz, n nh cao hn
0.05%( nhit -40
0
C 70
0
C).
Ch pht:
A0 (khng bin i).
A2 (m ho sng iu bin).
A3 (in thoi, iu bin m, sng mang, bng kp hoc phi hp)
hoc kt hp cc ch trn ti khc cng sut ra. Cng sut sng mang


trn ti 50 c th iu chnh lin tc t 100 500w (400 2000WPEP).
Ch pht th (o vi Anten gi) bc x sng ci nh hn 70dB so vi
cng sut ra 500w.
Ch pht A0, A2,A3 hoc kt hp.
B iu bin: B iu ch/ iu chnh bo m su iu ch t
095% tn s m tn ti ch 400Hz v 1020Hz c chn bng chu ni.
Manip lm vic bnh thng 8baud (xp x 7WPM v c iu
chnh t 5 16baud).
iu kin lm vic bnh thng, sng mang lin tc c iu ch
m tn tu chn, tn hiu ny c th iu chnh vi mi mc.
Gii hn su iu ch khng qu 100%, nu mch qu ti.
Nu n v r rt, mo m tn < 5% 40dB.
So vi sng mang .
Ngun cung cp 110/220V AC 10% 1 pha 50 60Hz.
Tiu th trung bnh l 895w khi cng sut 500w v su iu ch l
95%.
ng h ch th: Cng sut ra, cng sut phn x, dng in Anten.
in p b khuych i cng sut, dng in b khuch i cng sut,
su iu ch, m tn vo.
Manip: Dng manip 95 DIP c gu cch m ci t c (iu chnh
t 63 166ms) dng c cho loi m c bit.
Bo v mch: Cu ch ring cho mch ngun AC v mch trong
ngun DC, mch VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Radio - T s in p
sng ng) s tt my pht nu vt qu mc iu chnh.
iu kin lm vic: Nhit mi trng (-50
0
C +70
0
C), m t
0 100%, mn cao nh vng b bin.


Theo di, gim st: My pht s tt khi: Mt m tn gim ti mc
iu ch, m tn lin tc hoc cng sut pht gim di mc iu chnh
hoc VSWR vt trn mc iu chnh vi h thng kp th tn hiu tt my
khi ng s chuyn i t my chnh sang my d phng m tn vo tu
thuc cn bng, 600 20%, -17dB nh mc, chp nhn t -28dB
+5dBm (0dBm = 1mw vo 600).
3. M t chung khi ghp Anten PC - 5kilo
B phi ghp Anten ghp tr khng u ra my pht 50 ca my
pht n T hoc Anten kiu thp.
B phi ghp bao gm:
Bin th phi hp tr khng, ng dy cho cun Roto iu hng,
ng h o v mch t ng iu hng. Mch t ng iu hng hoc
bng tay iu khin ng c quay ca cun dy iu hng.
B ghp c lp t kn trong hp cch ly m s dng trong iu
kin khng c mi che.
Tr khng vo: 50.
Tr khng ti: 2 25 thun tr, 700 1500pF dung khng.
Tn s: 190 535KHz vi ti 700 1500pF.
Cng sut trung bnh: 1000w.
Cng sut nh: 2000w.
ng h o kim tra: Dng Anten vi 4 v tr chuyn mch: Tt
(OFF) - iu chnh (TUNE), 0 20A, 0 10A.
iu chnh cun dy ln iu chnh th v di dy iu chnh
tinh v Roto iu hng. Di th c chn vi cc u ni c hn pha
sau tm mch gii trnh (iu chnh) c tu chn vi 10 v tr chuyn
mch. H thng t ng iu hng t cm chnh xc t 25H 1mH.


iu kin lm vic: Nhit mi trng -50
0
C +70
0
C.
m trn 95%. m cao so vi mt bin 4000m.
B phi ghp ny c thit k lp t ngoi tri di Anten.
Kch thc rng 57cm, ngang 55cm, cao 67cm.
4. M t chung khi t ng chuyn i my
Khi t ng chuyn i my dng t ng chuyn i t my
chnh sang my d phng nu cng sut cao tn gim di mc gi tr iu
chnh, m tn gim iu ch di mc gi tr iu chnh, m tn pht lin
tc hoc cng sut phn x tng qu mc iu chnh. Khi t ng chuyn
i t my chnh ti my d phng, ngay c khi my pht tn hiu t ngoi
vo hng.
H thng chuyn i cho php my pht d phng t th vi ti gi
m khng ngt my pht chnh, cao tn ra ca my t ng c a t tm
t ng iu khin chuyn (5A1) cho an ton. B chuyn i khng nn
v tr t th.
Chc nng iu khin: Tt m ngun cung cp ca h thng tt m
ngun ca my pht, chn my chnh, khi ng to my chnh, bnh
thng t th, ngun cung cp mch ch th: Nguyn trong h thng my
tnh - My chnh chn my pht chnh lm vic, d phng - chn my
chnh hng v my d phng lm vic:
Hng: Khi c hai my u hng.
iu kin lm vic:
Nhit mi trng: -40
0
C +70
0
C.
m t 0 100%.


Mch in bo v: Cu ch xoay chiu v mt chiu cho ngun cung
cp, ng dy c tnh ton cch ly bi tr khng ni tip v cc kp
Diode.
I. nguyn l lm vic ca my SA500

Hnh 3.1. S khi SA 500
B

n
g

h

p
B

c
h

R
F
1
1
7
M

h
o

m
K

c
h

b

u

b
i

n
8
A
u
d
i
o
M
a
n
i
p
6
1
1
V
O
I
C
E
I
N
B

u

b
i

n
9
K

n
g

s
u

t 33
K

n
g

s
u

t 33
N
g
u

n
B

u

b
i

n
9
N
g
u

n
B

c
4
B

c
4
B

p
h

i

h

p

(
B

n
g
) 5
K
i

m

t
r
a

g
i

m

s

t 1
0
N
h

m

m

y

p
h

t

t

n

s

R
a
d
i
o
B

c
/

B

n
g
B

c
h

t
h

c
h
A
C
/
D
C
I
N
R
F

O
u
t


1. M t chc nng SA500
+ B tng hp tn s (Syntheszier): Tn hiu cao tn c to ra
trn mch t hp tn s (KWOSYN PWB) bi b dao ng LC iu khin
bng in p. tn s gp i, tn hiu ny c chia tn thnh tn hiu
1KHz a ti vng kho pha (PLL) v c so snh vi tn hiu 1KHz t
b chia tn ca tn hiu dao ng thch anh 4.096MHz. in p vng kho
pha ta iu khin Diode Tunning (Diode iu chnh) trong b dao ng LC.
u ra ca b dao ng LC c chia i tn s cung cp xung vung
truyn ra qua 3 chuyn mch quay lp trn tm.
+ Tin khuch i cng sut (RF Driver): Xung vung truyn ra t
b tng hp tn s c qua tng m v o trc khi a ti b khuch
i cng sut.
+ Kho m tn (Tone Key): Hai u s m tn 400Hz v 1020Hz
c to ra t b kho m tn TONE KEY PWB. Mt trong hai tn s c
chn v a ti cng chu iu khin ca Manip. l cng chu iu
khin ca AUDIO PWB hay ca nm iu chnh su iu ch trn Panel
mt my.
+ Manip (KEYER CODE): Manip bao gm: M Manip (KEYER
CODER PWB) mt hoc hai thanh ghi dch m ph thuc vo chiu di m
8Hz (c th iu chnh) trn KEYER CODE PWB m dch chuyn ni tip
cc bt dc lu tr trong ghi b m ho dch chuyn ti cng ca m thanh
trn TONE KEY PWB. M c lp trnh vi DIP di dng b m ho
thanh ghi dch PWB, ngha ltch l mt ln ng vt l 3 ln ng,
khong cch gia cc ch l 3 ln m, sao cho tch l m 125ms v t l
375ms.
+ Tn hiu m thanh (tu chn):Khi tn hiu ting ni cng thm
vo tn hiu ct mc v tuyn c x l trn AUDIO PWB,vic x l bao


gm: B lc m tn, t ng iu chnh li (AGC), iu khin ting n
v mch hn bin (xn nh).
+ Tin khuch i iu ch (Modulator Driver): Tn hiu m m
tn, mc mt chiu (DC) v tn hiu m thanh c m v iu chnh mc
trong bng mch b kch thch ch trc khi i n u vo b iu bin
(tng iu ch).
+ Tng iu ch (Modulator): Tng hp cc tn hiu t tng tin
khuch i iu ch, iu khin su rng xung iu ch. T 120
160KHz t l vi rng xung ca in p vo, nhng xung ny iu
khin tng bc in p iu ch ca tng khuch i cng sut.
+ Khuch i cng sut(Power Amplifier - PA): Cn chuyn mch
khuch i cng sut, khuch i tn hiu cao tn t tng tin khuch i
cng sut v thc hin bin iu bin a ti b lc.
+ B lc kiu Butter Worth (Filter Butter Worth): B lc c
bc kn chia lm 5 bng tn s: T 190 535KHz chn cc bng ny bng
cc chu ni.
+ B gim st (Monitor): u ra b lc qua KWRF PWB ti u ra
cao tn (RF) 50. Cng sut pht x, cng sut phn hi v s iu ch
c ly mu ch th cng sut pht x, cng sut phn hi v t l iu
ch. Cc tn hiu hiu ny c x l trong bng cp tn hiu ngt cho
cng sut thp, mc m tn thp, m tn lin tc v cng sut phn hi ln.
+ Ngun cung cp: ngun cho my pht c th cung cp t
110/220V AC hoc 24V hoc 144V DC. Ngun xoay chiu (AC) ti mi
nhm RF l cu chnh lu thng dng, t lc ngun. Khi h thng dng c
hai ngun xoay chiu (AC) v mt chiu (DC). Cng sut DC c cung
cp lin tc khi ngun AC b mt.


+ B np Acquy: H thng np Acquy c hai ch t ng np:
Ch np nhanh v ch np in dn ph thuc vo Acquy. S bo v
c thc hin Acquy s khng c np hoc np li di mc in p.
2. M t chc nng h thng t ng chuyn i:
Cp my pht gm hai phn: Hai my pht c lp v h thng
chuyn i. H thng chuyn i bnh thng cung cp tn hiu v ngun
c ni ti mt trong hai my pht cng mt lc. Mi mt my c chn
bi cng tc m ca h thng chuyn i bt u t my chnh.
My chnh lm vic cho n khi mch kim tra pht hin s c. C
th l iu ch thp, m tn lin tc, cng sut thp, phn hi cao. Nu mt
trong hai iu kin xy ra th my s tt, my chnh t tt ny do h
thng t ng chuyn i pht hin v n s bt u thc hin chuyn i
mch logic ca s chuyn i s ct Rle cp ngun cho my chnh. Sau
thi gian tr nh, b phi ghp s chuyn sang my d phng. Sau ln tr
nh na th Rle cp in cho my d phng mi n nh my d phng
lm vic vi s kim tra ca khi kim tra cho n khi my d phng hng
hoc thit lp li my tnh bng cch n nt RESET trn khi t ng
chuyn i hoc chuyn i cho my pht. Bn thn cp my pht c ch
th thng qua ba n LED v Rle. Cnh di trn khi chuyn i vi my
pht chnh lm vic LED mu xanh l cy sng nn my t ng d phng
LED mu vng sng.


Mypht
Bchuynmchtng
Voice
in
144vDC
in
24vDC
in
RFout
Bghp
ni
Anten
3
2
DC
24vDC
144vDC
VAC
110/220
Thngtin
Bnp
Acquy
Voice
in
144vDC
in
24vDC
in
RFout
Mypht
1
4

Hnh 3. 2. S khi b my pht kp

Hng my pht d phng th LED ca my d phng tt, ca LED
bo hng mu sng, Rle bo hng ct v th LED bo hng sng.
Ngun cung cp h thng t ng chuyn i lm vic t ngun
ng dy truyn xoay chiu hoc mt chiu (Acquy). Chn ch in p
xoay chiu do h thng chuyn i lm vic c thc hin bi v tr cc
chn ni c t trong khi (5A) h thng tt m ca ngun t ng c
thc hin nh mt cng tc tt m ngun ca cp my pht c iu khin
ngun nh mch chuyn i ngun Logic v Rle ngun.
3. Phn tch chi tit h thng chuyn mch t ng SA500 (Automatic
Transfer System SA500):
3.1 iu khin chuyn mch t ng.
iu khin chuyn mch t ng dng nh ngun cung cp v giao
din gia logic chuyn mch t ng v R le iu khin T1 v C1
chuyn i in p hoc 110 VAC hoc 220 VAC thnh in p 24


VDC hoc 48 VDC tu theo v tr cu ni. in p mt chiu cung cp
cho mch logic chuyn mch t ng v cung cp cho CTRL + V.
DS1, 2 v 3 ch trng thi ca h thng:
DS1 ch hot ng ca my pht.
DS2 ch my pht th nht h hng v my pht th hai hot ng.
DS3 ch c my 1 v 2 b hng.
Cc kho t S1 n S5 cho cc mc thang sau:
S1: SYSTEM POWER ON/OFF iu khin ng ct in p ngun
c AC v DC.
S2: TRANSMITTER POWER ON/OFF Logic t ng chuyn mch
cho php.
S3: PRIMARY TRANSMITTER SELECT1/2 chn my pht 1 hoc
my pht 2 nh my chnh.
S4: RESET t li h thng my pht chnh.
S5: STANDBY TEST/NORMAL ch bnh thng ch mt my
pht lm vic ti mt thi im v u ra ni vi b ghp ni. ch
th nghim kho ngun ng v ph ti o c ni vi my pht
d phng (my pht ny khng cung cp cho Anten). iu ny cho
php my pht d phng c th nghim vi ti o 50 bn ngoi,
ngi s dng c th cm dc cm ti o. Ti o cn c t trc
khi kho in xoay v v tr TEST hoc c th xy ra h hng my
pht d phng.
Cnh bo
Khi th nghim my pht d phng m bo rng my pht ang
hot ng trong h thng an ton c chn nh my chnh v ch th
ca n t v tr DSBL.


3.2. Auto Transfer logic PWB (Bng mch logic chuyn mch t ng)
B Auto Transfer c nhim v iu khin m ngun ca my pht
1 v 2 v rle Anten. Hai u ra ca b cm bin ca Monitor c a ti
chn s 12 v 13.
S
3

xc nh v tr my chnh v my d phng.
S
2
Tt m mch logic ca Auto Transfer.
u ra chn s 2 m my pht 1
u ra chn s 1 m my pht 2.
u ra chn s 3 m rle Anten.
Chn s 4, 5 v 6 a ra Led ch th.
Khi my 1 lm vic chn s 2 mc 0, chn s 1 v 3 mc 1.
Khi my 2 lm vic chn s 1 v 3 mc 0 v chn s 2 mc 1.
Khi rle Anten khng lm vic th n ni tn hiu RF ca my pht 1
ra Anten ng thi a tn hiu my pht 2 ra ti gi v khi Rle lm
vic th a tn hiu RF my pht 2 ra Anten v ni ti gi vo my
pht 1.



R
3
2
Q
9
Q
1
0
Q
3
Q
2
Q
1
213
R

l
e

p
h

(
C

n
g
u

n
)
A
n
t
e
n
F
A
I
L
S
e
c
o
n
d

(
d

p
h

n
g
)
P
r
i
m
a
r
y
M
o
n
i
t
o
r

(
1
3
)

T
X
1
1
2
1
3

T
X
2
1
0
P
r
i
m
a
r
y
1
5
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
S
3
1
6
S
2
1
1
A
C

i
n

9
V
O
N
/
O
F
F

L
o
g
i
c

l
e

p
h

(
C

n
g
u

n
)
R
3
0
R
3
4
R
3
3
R
3
1
D
R
3
5
R
3
6
D
1


Hnh 3. 3. S khi mch Auto Transfer


II. Phn tch mch in SA500
1. B tng hp tn s (KWOYN PWB):
B tng hp tn s:
Q
1
lm nhim v dao ng theo kiu Colpitts to ra di tn s t hai
ln 190320KHz (khi s dng c L
1
v L
2
) v hai ln 320 535 KHz (khi
s dng cun L
1
).
Mch dao ng LC ny c n nh nh b n nh tn s gm b
dao ng chun U
1
l dao ng thch anh f = 4096KHz v c chia cho
chnh n l 1KHz ti u ra chn s 1 - U
1
v c a ti b so pha U
2
; ti
y tn hiu 1KHz t b chia lp trnh (tn hiu ny thay i theo tn hiu
LC).
Mch so pha so snh hai tn hiu 1 KHz nu dao ng LC chun th
tn hiu ng pha nhau in p sau khi tch sng bng 0. Nu tn hiu LC
sai lch (thp hoc cao) kt qu cho ra in p (-) hoc (+), in p ny a
v iu khin bin dung CR
1
bt buc dao ng ng.


OSC
Daong
LC
U3
Bchia2
1
L1
L2
S1
CR1
C6
3
Chialptrnh
U4U5U6
U2PLL
Sopha 23
1K
R7
S2 S3 S4
1K
1
U1Chiav
daong
ThchAnh
Y1
11
10
131
190320KHz
320535KHz

Hnh 3. 4. S khi b tng hp tn s

S
2
, S
3
, S
4
l chuyn mch ca b lp trnh chn tn s n thit lp
xc nh in p nn ban u cho CR
1
.
U
3
c nhim v chia i tn s to ra xung vung a ti mch
tin khuych i cng sut. Ti y t c di tn cng tc.
Tin khuch i(RF Driver):
U2
RF

Hnh 3. 5. S khi RF DRIVER (Tng m)


U
2
c nhim v va m va o pha a ti tng khuch i
cng sut. Tn hiu u ra c ly ra chn 8 y l mch IC c 6 con o
(ch s dng 1 cn li d phng).
2. Kho m tn (Tone Key):
U1D
+
-
R2 R3
1020Hz
400Hz
U1C
+
-
U1A
+
-
1020Hz
400Hz
A B C
12 13 22 14
R1 R11
R7 R5
R8 R6
R4
C3
C2 C1
R12 R13
R14 R15
R16
R17
U2

Hnh 3. 6. S khi TONE KEY
Trong mch ny U1D lm nhim v dao ng to ra tn hiu 400Hz
or 1020Hz ph thuc vo v tr ca chu ni.
U1A to thnh mt b lc tch cc ca tn s 1020 Hz.
U1C to thnh b lc tch cc ca tn s 400Hz.
Tn hiu ny c a ti chu ni a cng Gate. Cng ny cho
thng qua khi mc 1 v ng khi mc 0.
Tn hiu Morse c a ti U2B iu khin Gate ny to nn tn
hiu m tn c m ha morse a ti u chn 14 ti chn ny cng
c in p mt chiu 5V iu khin b khuch i iu ch RF.


3. Mch Manip (Keyer Code):
U1A
U1D U1C
2
1
9
10
7
6 5 4
R3
Q1
U1B
12
11
R9
R2
D
+12
9
R4
R5
U1E
3
8
2
+12v
+12v
U2
9
7
3 4 5 6
5 4 3 2
7
+12v
U4
1
2
8
3
16
R6 C2
+12v
CSR
15 14 4
2
C1
KEYER

Hnh 3. 7. S bng mch m MANIP (KEYER CODE).
B MANIP c nhim v to ra tn hiu nhn dng (Morse) a ln
iu khin b dao ng m tn.
B manip bao gm: M manip (Keyer Code) v b ghi dch m
(Code Shift Register).
Ch tiu chun quy nh: Mt tch l 1bit; mt t l 3 bit; khong cc
gia cc nhm ch l 5 bit.
Th t t dy ch c quy nh t U
6
n U
1
nh hnh v.
Nh vy tng cng ca b ghi dch m l 47 bit cho 3 ch hoc
hn ph thuc vo chiu di ca ch .


OSC
TONE
OSC
TONE
KEYECODE
CODESHIFI
REGISTER
MMamp
Bghidchm
U2
U4 U3
U6
U1

Hnh 3. 8. S khi nguyn l lm vic ca b Manip
4. B khuch i iu ch (Modulater - MOD):
U1
5v
R2
RFLevel
R1
6
14
9
11
U4
U3
R3 R4
U2
R5
R5
L2
L1
Q2
Q1
144v
+12V
C7
7

Hnh 3. 9. S bng mch iu khin b iu bin
B khuch i iu ch c nhim v khuch i in p m tn thc
hin iu ch cao p thay i m tn cp cho tng khuch i cng sut.
Thc t mch s dng U
2
dao ng to xung c rng xung thay i
theo in p u vo, u ra ca b to xung (150Hz) chn s 11 v 14 l


hai xung o pha nhau (75KHz) c a ti hai b khuch i U
3
, U
4

khuch i xung 75KHz cp xung iu khin Q
1
, Q
2
. in p ra ti Q
1

v Q
2
c rng ca xung (nh 144V) ph thuc vo bin u vo chn
s 9 - U
2
. Nh vy in p trung bnh qua b lc cho ra in p thay i
dng hnh sin in p m tn; in p ny c a ti b khuch i cng
sut SPA.
5. Cng sut kiu chuyn mch (Switching Power Amplifier - SPA):
U1C
U1A U1B
R4
7
14
+3v
9
8
1
3
4
5
6
C1
+12v
Q1
Q3
R9
+12v
Q5
Q6
C3
T1
R5
R6
C10 C2
C4
T2
R7
R8
C5
Q2
Q4
R10
R11
C6
Q7
R3
R1
R8
8
22
21
T3 20
18
R12
R13
Q8
R15
R1413
C9
RF
out
CR1
CR3
CR5
CR6
CR8
CR9
CR11
CR12

Hnh 3.10: S cng sut kiu chuyn mch
Khi bn chu k (-) vo chn s 1 qua U
1
C (b o u ra ti chn s
8 v bn chu k (-) o thnh bn chu k (+) i vo Q
1
v Q
2
. Lc ny Q
1

(thun) c m cn Q
2
(ngc) b ng. Q
1
m lm cho in p +12V i
qua v vo C3 ti T
1
ng thi m Q
2
v Q
8
. Cng lc mt nhnh khc t C
3

ti T
2
do ngc pha nn lm cho Q
4
v Q
7
ng. Ti Q
5
b ng v Q
6
c
m, tn hiu i qua v xung mass. Khi Q
2
v Q
8
m, tn hiu vo Q
2
, qua
T
3
ti Q
8
v i xung mass. RF ra ti T
3
.


Mt khc cng ti thi im bn chu k (-) vo chn s 1 i qua U
1
A
v U
1
B. Sau khi i qua 2 b o pha vn gi nguyn bn chu k (-) vo Q
5

v Q
6
. Lc ny Q
5
b ng cn Q
6
c m v tn hiu i qua xung mt.
Khi bn chu k (+) vo chn s 1 qua U
1
A v U
1
B, u ra ti chn s
6. V i qua 2 b o pha nn bn chu k (+) vn c gi nguyn v i vo
Q
5
v Q
6
. Lc ny Q
5
(thun) c m cn Q
6
(ngc) b ng. Q
5
m lm
cho in p +12V i qua v ti T
2
lm ng thi Q
4
v Q
7
m. Cng lc
mt nhnh khc t Q
5
ti T
1
do ngc pha nn lm cho Q
2
v Q
8
ng. Ti
Q
1
b ng cn Q
3

c m, tn hiu i qua v xung mt. Khi Q
4
v Q
7
m.
Tn hiu vo Q
7
ti T
3
qua Q
4
ri i xung mass. RF ra ti T
3
.
Mt khc sau khi bn chu k (+) i qua U
1
C s b o thnh bn chu
k (-) vo Q
1
v Q
3
. Ti Q
1
b ng cn Q
3
c m nn tn hiu i qua v
xung mt.
6. Module Cut (Module Disconnect - MDC):
C nhim v khi tm cng sut v iu ch c s c (chy cu ch)
th my ny hot ng bo m tm cng sut v iu ch vn hot ng
bnh thng nhng cng sut gim 50%.
Nguyn l: Bnh thng khi hai cu ch cha chy in p 24
V
vo
CR
1
ti cc (-) ca CR
2
dn ti lm kho Q
1
. Tng t khi in p 24V vo
CR
6
ti cc (-) CR7 v CR7 ngc nn lm Q
2
kho.
Khi c s c cu ch t: ti tm MOD cu ch t CR
2
c ni
mass qua R
1
xut hin dng t bin lm cc B ca Q
1
(-). Do d in p
+24V i qua Q
1
c R
2
n nh vo CR
5
ti Rle K
1
lm vic.
Ti tm cng sut cu ch CR
7
c ni mass qua R
2
xut hin dng
t bin lm cc B ca Q
2
(-). Do in p +24V i qua Q
2
c R
2
n
nh vo CR
10
ti Rle K
1
lm vic.


R1
CR1
CR3
C1
Q1
CR2
R2
C2
CR4
CR5
CR9
C3
CR8
R2
CR6
CR10
R3
Q2
CR7
PA
R4
K1
SPA
MOD
144V
13
19
22
21

Hnh 3. 11. S khi Module Cut
7. B lc (Filter):
Tn hiu t hai b khuch i cng sut c a qua hai b lc
Butter Worth. B lc ny c chn cc tn s chia lm nm bng s:
1. 190 220 KHz
2. 220 280 KHz
3. 280 360 KHz
4. 360 460 KHz
5. 460 535 KHz


T1
B
lc
TSPA
ti1
Out
L1
T1
B
lc
TSPA
ti2
Out
MDC
MDC
L2
MDC


Hnh 3. 12. S khi b lc tng hp

Tn hiu t hai b lc c a ti b tng hp gn T
1
v T
2
. Hai tn
hiu c cng li t ti cng sut danh nh a ra Anten.
i vi my c cng sut ln mi s dng b tng hp ny. V vy
mch c th thit k thm mch ct (Module Cut) iu khin rle K
1
v
K
2
nhm bo m my c th lm vic vi mt tm cng sut khi tm cng
sut hay DMODE b hng. Khi ny mch ct hot ng Rle K
1
lm tip
im ca n tch ri cun s cp T
1
vi b lc ng thi chp cun th cp
T
2
c a tn hiu ra ngoi, bo m an ton cho T
1
.


8. B gim st (Monitor):

1
R1
16
R1
22
1
R2
R4
1
TONEKEY
15
M

c
h

l
o
g
i
c

m
o
n
i
t
o
r
5
3
4
2
19
13
LOWPWR
CONTTONE
NOTONE
VSWR
ENBL
RST
DSBL
12V
DS2
S2
Shutdown(11DMOD)
nSenAutoTransfer
(bcmbin)
18
RFL
FWD
D

Hnh 3. 13. S khi b gim st
Monitor l b gim st s hot ng ca my (ch c vi my pht
kp).
Tn hiu gim st: Sng pht i (FWD), sng phn hi (REFL) v tn
hiu iu ch (MOD). Tn hiu u vo ny c trch sau tng
COMBINER (B cng) v c a v ch th trn ng h mt my. Tn
hiu u ra ca n t chn 13 n b cm bin ca my chn 19 n
ShutDown tt my pht. Ngoi ra chn s 2, 3 , 4, 5 c a ti Led ch th
bo hiu cc thng s b sai lch. Chn 13 mc ch a xung iu khin
n Auto Transfer (t ng chuyn mch) thc hin chuyn my khi c
s c.
S
2
c 3 v tr:


- V tr bn phi mc khng t ng mc ch ni chn s 19 xung
mass (mc 0) m tm DMOD, mc ny n DS
2
sng ln.
- V tr gia l mc t ng (ENBL), chn s 19 khng ni mass
lc ny my t ng ngt khi c s c.
- V tr bn tri (RST) mc Reset - thit lp li (xo).
D1
D2
C3
D3
C4
R4
R5
R3
R2
R1
T2 T1
RF Out
MOD
RFL
PWD
C1
C2

Hnh 3. 14. S khi mch trch mu
9. Ngun cung cp (Power Supply - PS):
My bin p ngun lp di y trong Cacbin my pht cung cp
in p 115 V xoay chiu (HVAC) v 18 V mt chiu (LVAC). Ngun in
xoay chiu c phn cch bng t lc cu chnh lu cung cp cho mi
nhm RF cng sut 250W. HVAC cng cung cp cho b kch thch. in
p vo 115V hoc 230V cung cp cho my bin p qua cu ch v Rle
iu khin nm trong mt trc Panen.
LVAC c ni vi b chnh lu cu trong tng mch khuch i
cng sut PA. u ra mt chiu c lc v iu chnh in p 12V v ni
vi mch in p thp trn bng mch DMOD v SPA. Ngun mt chiu
ngoi 24VDC cng c th cung cp cho cc mch in p thp.


HVAC c ni vi b chnh lu cu CR4. in p nh mc
170VDC c lc bng C3 v C4 ni vi u vo cao p HVIN trn bng
mch DMOD. Rle K1 ni vi R1 ti ngun phng in t C3 v R4 khi
ngun b ct. u vo 114VDC dng cho ngun mt chiu bn ngoi.
Ngun DC ngoi c th cung cp c in p 24VDC v 144VDC cn
cho h thng my pht. Khi in p xoay chiu b mt ngun mt chiu t
ng cung cp cho my pht m khng b mt in. in p Acquy thp
hn in p mt chiu cung cp t ngun AC khi lm vic bnh thng.
iu cng sut ra RF gim 15% khi cung cp bng Acquy.
Mch t ng ct ngun mt chiu ct ngun mt chiu bn ngoi
thp hn mc iu chnh. Thng thng mc t khong 20% in p mt
chiu.
CR4
F1
CR6
F2
CR5
RT1
RT2
C3 C4
R1
K1
NC
C5
CR7
R2

Hnh 3.15. S ngun cung cp b khuch i cng sut


10. DC Auto Disconnect PWB.
Bng t ng ct ngun mt chiu DCAD thng c s dng trong
cc my pht Sri SA vi cng sut ra 1000W v (hoc) tt c cc my pht
c ngun mt chiu. Tc dng ca my ny l ct ngun in p thp vi
DC PWB (khi i hi) mi nhm RF DCAD c s dng ct ngun
my pht khi ngun DC bt u phng in.
DCAD ng v ly mu ngun DC 24V bn ngoi TB1 chn s 7.
Khi ngun in p d phng DC ngoi gim thp hn mc iu chnh R4,
u ra ca V1D , chn s 14 tr nn cao v lm Q1 hot ng. Tc ng
ny lm Rle K1 v K2 DCAD c in. Do tc ng ca Rle ngun cung
cp ngoi cung cp ngun cho h thng chuyn t ng (BTTY TB1 v tr
1 v TB1 v tr 3) b ngt lm my pht mt in ct my pht vi ngun
DC ngoi. Trong trng thi ny ngun DC ngoi s khong 23 - 24VDC v
tip tc cung cp DCAD dng in 30mA cho n khi ngun xoay chiu
c in tr li hoc DCAD tc ng li.
R4 do nh my iu chnh ct in p khong 19VDC. Sau khitc
ng do tr to nn bng R6 v R7 lm my pht mt in. DCAD bnh
thng c ni li bng tc ng ngun xoay chiu cung cp cho b np t
nht l 26,2VDC ti dy DC ngoi. DCAD cng s t li khi ngun DC
ct khi my pht.


AC
AC
RTN
TB2
R9
R10
P/OK3
R1
CR1
U1D
-
+
+24V
R3
R4
13
U1A
-
+
12
2
3
D
R6 R7
CR2
C1
R5
4
14
R8
B A
C
1
L J
P/OK3
G E
F H
+24V
P/OK1
P/OK2
CR3
Q
3
2
1
P/OK1
6
5
4
P/OK2
7
8
+24V

Hnh 3.15. Bng t ng ct ngun mt chiu

III. Nguyn l hot ng ca b ghp ni Anten
1. M t chc nng PC 1/2 KILO
Hnh PC - 5KILO s khi b ghp ni Anten l s ca b
ghp ni Anten PC - 5 KILO.
2. My bin p tr khng
Ho mch tr khng 50 ca my pht vi tr khng bt k t 5
25. Tr khng ca my bin p c chn bng th cp (MBA) c 12 v tr.


3. B iu hng
B iu hng l cun dy 92 vng vi cc u iu chnh th v cc
vng quay tinh chnh. Phm vi iu hng t 2 5H n 1mH iu
hng Anten trong di tn 190 535KHz.
4. T iu hng
Mch t iu hng so snh pha ca in p v dng in vo b
ghp v quay vng iu hng theo chiu h thng Anten.
5. Dng c o dng in Anten
Dng c ch dng in trong 2 khong 0 20A v 0 10A.


6. Phn tch chi tit PC 1/2 KILO
F
2
1
5
A
F
3
1
5
A
A
C

1
A
C

R
I
N

2
G
N
D

3
T
B
2
J
4
R
F
I
N

4
G
N
D

3
T
B
1
C
O
N
T
R
O
L

2
+
V

1
F
1
,

5
A
O
F
F
O
N
(
O
P

T
I
O
N
A
L
)
T
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
t
e
r

R
e
m
o
t
e

C
o
n
t
r
o
l
S
3
A
U
T
O

T
U
N
E

M
O
T
O
R

D
R
I
V
E

P
W
B
A
2
9
J
2
1
6
1
3
2
.
3
4
.
5
R
1
R
2
R
3
C
1
C
2
T
4
V
S
W
R
S
E
N
S
E
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
P
e
d
a
n
c
e
T
r
a
n
s
f
r
o
m
e
r
1
1
1
O
V
S
W
R
M
E
T
E
R
(
-
)
M
C
(
+
)
M
C
M
E
T
E
R
P
W
B
A
1
S
2
T
3

T
U
N
I
N
G

C
O
I
L
T
O

A
N
T
E
N
N
A
E
1
S
P
A
R
R
C
A
P
C
O
A
R
S
E
T
A
P
S
M
O
T
O
R
B
1
+
-
1
3
2
1
1
1
9
2
1
+
1
4
V
B
L
A
C
K
A
3
D
S
1
L
E
D
C
R
1
R
1
C
R
4
R
2
D
S
2
L
E
D
C
R
2
C
R
3
C
u
r
c
u
t

S
a
m
p
l
e
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
S
1
O
p
t
i
o
n
a
l

Hnh 3.16. S b ghp ni Antena


6.1. My bin p tr khng
L my bin p hai dy qun li Ferit. Dy qun th cp c 11 u v
c thit k bin i ti th cp gia 2 v 25 ti tr khng vo 50 .
La chn u c thc hin bng kho mt trc. My bin p li khng
kh ni vi u th thp ca th cp my bin p, ly mu dng in Anten
cung cp tn hiu cho dng c o dng in Anten.
6.2. B iu hng
l cun dy 95 vng c ghp bin p vng ngn mch c th quay
bng tay hoc ng c. 20 vng di c 2 vng c 1 u dng tinh
chnh. 75 vng trn c 5 vng c mt u vi 25 vng u trn v 10 vng
vi cc vong sau . Chn vng sau trn bng ch ni sau Panen. Chn
vng di bng kho chuyn mch Panen trc.

odng
inanten
Mybinp
lymu
Tiu
hng
Mybinp
trkhng
Biu
hng
+12V
RFIN
Tianten

Hnh 3.17. S khi b ghp ni anten
H thng t iu hng quay t ng vng iu hng theo chiu
quay h thng Anten. Nu cc vng chn ng vng s dng khi h thng
quay v thay i mt cch t ng. Nu chn u khng ng vng iu
hng s quay ti gii hn MAX hoc MIN v ch th LED s bo thm vo
hoc bt in cm i. Nm quay bng tay vng iu hng cng c mt
trc Panen. Vng quay c th thay i 5% in cm tu theo s phi hp
cc u. in cm cc i s ln hn 1mH v nh nht l 25H.


6.3. Anten
Tm xa ca mc VT v Anten ph thuc vo nhiu bin v khng th
m bo c. C th tnh ton cng trng nu bit in dn ca t,
nhng cng trng cn thit ph thuc vo tp m nn ca mi trng,
ph thuc vo a im. Ni chung cng trng 70 MV/m l thc t
M v chu u nhng khng i vi v gia 30
0
v 30
0
s. My pht
cng sut 500 1000w nu in tch.
6.3.1. Anten i xng hnhT
Anten i xng hnh T thch hp i vi vic s dng 500
1000w. b tr Anten ny i hi khong t 150 400 foot i vi
Anten cao 60 feet v 150 120 feet vi Anten 120 foot.
Anten i xng ch T tiu chun dng trn thp AGL cao 60 foot
hoc cc cc t trn 300 feet v c b bc x thng ng 55 foot v 2 dy
nh nm ngang 280pF 535KHz. Chiu cao hiu dng vo khong 49
feet. in tr vo gm in tr bc x v in tr tn hao. in tr bc x
dao ng t 0.4 190KHz 1.13 535KHz. in tr tn hao ch yu
ph thuc vo cc iu kin nh ch to, khi khng iu khin, gi tr in
hnh t 2 5. Tm xa loi t tt dao ng t 165 dm 190 KHz ti
150 dm 535KHz vi my pht 500w v khong 220 dm 190KHz ti
170 dm 535KHz vi my pht 1000w.
Anten i xng T da trn thp cao 120 foot c b pht x ng
110 foot v 3 dy nm ngang nh cao 280 foot. in dung vo thay i
t khong 1050pF 190KHz ti 2800pF 535KHz, chiu cao hiu dng
vo khong 100 feet v in tr bc x l 0.66 190KHz v 4.67
535KHz. Tm xa vi cht t tt dao ng t khong 250 dm 190KHz
ti 210 dm 535KHz vi my pht 1000w.




6.3.2. Anten thp
Anten thp c th c s dng nu khng t cho Anten i
xng hnh T. Phn nh ca b dy c s dng to nn nh cho
Anten ny, v mt in Anten thp nh hn Anten thp T khi cng chiu
cao do gin ti nh. Ti nh dng vi hai mc ch: Gim tr khng vo
do gim in p trn Anten v tng chiu cao hiu dng.
S bc x do dng in chy qua nh Anten b tr bt bc x do
dng in thp v gim chiu cao hiu dng. Mt khc tng ph ti nh
lm tng dng in trn thp do vy chiu di ti u ca dy mang ti s
lm cc i chiu cao hiu dng.
Cng c th gim in p vo m bo mc lm vic an ton.
l trng hp thp cao 120 foot i hi din tch t c bn knh 100 feet.
nh 50 feet ca phn trn ca dy c ni vi u cui vi dy chu vi
di dng ci . in dung vo ca Anten ny dao ng t 272pF
190KHz. ti 853pf ti 535KHz. l Anten thp c chiu cao ti thiu
dng cho my pht cng sut c KW bi v dung khng ln u vo
Anten cng vi vn in p nh thng v s mt iu hng do h
hng cch in. Cc mn c bit c s dng cch in gim thiu
vn ny. Chiu cao hiu dng ca Anten vy vo khong 75 feet. in
tr pht x dao ng t 0,34 190KHz n 2,06 535KHz.Tm xa
t tt dao ng t 220 dm 190KHz n 170 dm 535KHz vi my
pht 100w.
7. Lp t v vn hnh
Nguy him
My pht c mc in th nguy him. Mc in p RF rt cao trn
b ghp ni khi t vo u vo RF. Mc in p cao ny c th cht ngi.
V mc ch an ton cn t my pht kn trong nh hoc lm hng ro
chc my pht v khu vc Anten nu dng nn kim loi v ro st. Nu


dng g hoc cc vt liu hp th khc nh gch hoc b tng ct thp cn
phi hn kn m bo khng hp th cht m. iu ny lm gim dng
in Anten v trong trng hp m qu c th lm t ng ct h thng.
7.1. Lp t my pht
1. t my pht v m bo lp t ngun cung cp cho b kch
thch Xem (S b kch thch my pht sri SA/ngun cung
cp). Kim tra cu ni h thng t chuyn mch chnh xc. Xem
(S iu khin b t chuyn mch).
2. Kim tra cc cu ni ca b lc/PWB i vi tn s RF v tr
chnh xc. Xem hnh (S b lc), (Chi tit cu ni b lc).
m bo rng b lc c t chnh xc.
3. Ni dy ngun xoay chiu v Acquy (nu s dng): Xem hnh v
(Ni cp RF v cp iu khin b ghp ni).
4. i vi cc b kp, ni cp v cp iu khin RF ti J1 v TB3
tng ng. Xem hnh v (S b chuyn mch t ng SA).
5. Nu c t Audio PWB ni dy vo Audio cn bng. Xem hnh v
(S my pht sri SA, B kch thch).
Cnh bo
Khi th nghim my pht d phng m bo rng my pht thao tc
trong h thng Anten c chn nh my pht s cp v Monitor ca n
v tr DSBL.
7.2. t b php ni.
1. Tho ca panen t trn panen iu chnh iu hng.
2. t u cch in anten v thn trng a panen thu tinh cch in
theo ti liu hng dn s cch in. ng ko hoc p cc linh kin
s cch in t np che ma v b tr theo chiu kn.


3. Ni dy t u trn cun dy trong b ghp ni u vo s cch
in. Anten c dn n u ngoi ca u ni s cch in. Dng
tt c u ni ti thiu 2 in s t mt kim loi.
4. t v b tr ci chng st bng 2 bulng gia u s cch in v
ca t pha trc. iu chnh khe phng in cn thit vo khong
2,5cm.
5. Ni cp theo hnh "S my pht SriSA" v "Ni cp b ghp ni
anten".
6. Tho dy t khi h thng i trng ti u dy ng ni t trn
b ghp ni.
7.3. Khi u my pht.
1. Ni u ra my pht RF ti ph ti o 50 m khng in cm thch
hp.
2. t v kim tra chng trnh tn s ca b lc SPA. Xem cc hnh
"Kim tra s PWB b lc" "Chi tit cu ni b lc".
3. Kim tra t tn s vi cc kho chng trnh trn Kwosyn PWB.
Tn s c c trc tip trn kho chuyn mch xoay. Cn chuyn
mch J1 cng thm 0,5KHz nu v tr ng. Kim tra S1 v tr C1
nu tn s gia 190 v 320 Hz v C2 nu tn s gia 320 v 535
KHz.
4. Xem hnh "S Tone Key PWB" v Tone Key PWB Diagram".
Kim tra cu ni chnh xc i vi tn s mong mun v nu cn th
thay i.
5. Kim tra m nhn dng chnh xc c lp trnh trong thanh ghi dch
m ho. Xem hnh "V d lp trnh cho B m ho thanh ghi dch".
6. t mc RFF LEVEL v MOD y CCW.
7. t kho MODE vo CARR.


8. t kho MONITOR vo DSBL.
9. t kho dng c o RFMETER vo PRWD.
10. t PA READ vo VOLTAGE.
11. i vi cc nhm RFF bi, chn PA SELECT vo 1.
12. Vi h thng 2 my pht hon thin bc 1 ti 11 vi c hai my
pht.
7.4. Kim tra my pht.
Cnh bo.
Khi th nghim my d phng m bo rng my pht ang hot
ng ni vi h thng anten c chn nh my pht s cp v Monitor ca
n v tr DSBL.
Ch : i vi h thng hai my pht m bo SYSTEM POWER v
TRANSMITER POWER v tr ON. Chn my pht mong mun nh my
s cp.
1. Kho PRI POWER v tr ON (Vi h thng hai my pht
RESET).
2. Kho RF ng ON.
3. iu chnh mc RF ti 20% cng sut nh mc.
4. t kho RF METER v tr REFL. S c s bng khng hoc
rt nh.
5. t kho RFF METER v tr FRWD. iu chnh mc RF ti
cng sut nh mc.
6. in p PA khng c vt qu 90V i vi tt c PA. in p
PA s 10% ca in p th nghim xut xng.


7. t PA READ vo CURRENT. PA CURRENT khng vt qu
5A i vi cc PA. Dng in PA s 4A vi gi tr dng in th nghim
xut xng.
8. t kho RFF METER vo SET. HIu chnh METER SET ti SET
line.
9. t kho MODE vo CARR v quay mc RFF y thang CCW.
Kho RFF v PRI POWER OFF.
11. Vi h thng hai my, lp li mc ny cho my pht th hai.
7.5. iu hng anten.
Lp t anten theo hng dn lp t anten.
1. Kim tra ni anten v ni t b ghp ni l ng. in p ca
n c th xut hin trn dy ni anten. m bo rng anten khng tip xc
vi t.
2. t kho my bin p tr khng IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMER
trong b ghp ni vo v tr 5 hoc nu bit in tr anten theo bng. t
cc u tinh chnh FINE TAPS v tr 2.
Ni u dn pha sau ca panen v u th nht (TAP5) trn vng
iu hng, t bng tay kho iu hng VERNIER vo v tr gia.
3. Kim tra iu khin mc RF LEVEL y thang CCW kho
MODE v tr CARR.
Ghi ch: Khng cho php t iu hng trong khi iu bin. Nu
kho MODE CONT (m khng i) h thng s khng iu hng.
4. t ngun.
5. t in p vo kho PA READ. iu chnh mc RF LEVEL
nh gi tr in p c vo khong 20V.
6. Kim tra REFL v PRWD c ngun. Anten s c iu hng
nu FINE TAP ti u k tip thp hn v lp li bc 5 v 6. Nu anten


vn khng iu hng th thay i FINE TAP ti u k tip cao hn v lp
li bc 5 v 6.
Tip tc qu trnh ny cho ti khi ng c t iu hng chy
quay anten.
Lu : Nu FINE TAP u thp nht v cu gim in cm th thay
i u iu chnh th ti mc thp hn tip theo v thay i FINE TAP ti
mc thp nht 3. Cng cn thay i cc u FINE TAP mt vo v tr trc
khi in nh gi tr trc khi u iu chnh th thay i.
8. Anten c iu hng khi kho iu hng VERNIER v tr
gia ca khong hay hi lch v bn tri. Nu kho VERNIER khng v
tr ny hoc gii hn cn thay i FINE TAP.
Ch : Lun lun quay RF LEVEL CCW trc khi thay i cc u.
Tng s u lm tng in cm. Nu iu hng VERNIER gii hn cn
phi thay i u nhiu hn trc khi VERNIER ri khi gii hn. Ch :
Nu FINE TAP u thp nht v cn gim in cm hoc nu FINE TAP
u cao nht cn tng in cm. Xem lu bc 7. Sau mi thay i u,
quay tr li bc 5.
9. t kho RF METER trn my pht vo FRWR v iu chnh RF
LEVEL ti cng sut nh mc. t kho METER vo REFL v ch c.
Quay RF LEVEL y thang CCW.
10. Tng u IMFEDANCE TRANSFORMER vo b ghp anten
mt s, t kho METER vo FRWD v iu chnh RF LEVEL ti cng
sut nh mc.
11. Kim tra ch th REFL trn dng c o. Nu ln hn ch s
bc 9, quay RF LEVEL ti y thang CCW v gim u IMFEDANCE
TRANSFORMER ti mt v tr thp hn ban u. Nu nh hn ch s
bc 9, quay RFLEVEL ti y thang CCW tng u IMPEDANCE
TRANSFORMER mt v tr.


12. Lp li cc bc 9, 10 v 11 cho n khi u IMFEDANCE
TRANSFORMER tm c cho ch s REFL thp nht. Kim tra in p
c. in p PA khng vt qua 90V vi mi PA. in p Pa s 10V ca
tr s th nghim xut xng.
13. t kho MODE v tr IDENT v iu chnh R16 trn b ghp ni.
Anten PWB CCW cho ti khi ng c tr iu hng bt u ghp ni.
Quay PWB CCW cho ti khi ng c t iu hng dng li.
7.6. iu chnh iu bin.
My pht c th hot ng theo mt s ch iu bin khc nhau
vi hot ng NDB bnh thng khng c ting ni trn m nhn dng
c iu bin vi sng mang theo m nhn dng mc iu bin cao.
My pht cng c th c s dng vi iu bin m rung hoc ng thi
iu bin ting ni v iu bin m m. Vic la chn cc tu chn ny
bng cc cu ni trn Tone Key PWB.
A. i vi hot ng NDB tiu chun vi ch c m nhn dng iu
bin m, khng s dng cc cu ni v khng s dng ancho PWB. Nu
c chn ch thc hin phn iu chnh m m iu bin v tin hnh
phn ct VSWR.
B. Trng hp ch iu bin ting ni kho MODE bn tri CARR,
s dng Audio PWB v t cc cu ni trn Tone Key PWB. Nu ch
ny c chn thc hin mc iu chnh iu bin ting ni v tin hnh
mc VSWR Shutdown.
C. Trng hp ng thi iu bin ting ni v m m, s dng audio
PWB v cu ni t Tone Key PWB ni chn 13 c V2 ti chn 22 ca
bng (A n B).
Vic la chn ny cho php m m hot ng ton b iu bin tr
khi c tn hiu ting ni. Khi c tn hiu ting ni iu khin gim ting
lm gim m m iu bin 20% ngi nhn dng c th nghe c tn


hiu ting ni. Vic t ng tng m m iu bin khi khng c ting ni l
iu khng mong mun cu ni t t chn 13 ca V2 Tone Key sang t
(A n C). iu lm cho phn trm iu bin gi 20% tn hiu ting
ni khng tng ng.
Phn trm iu bin m c khng ch bng R11 trn Tone Key.
C th s dng gi tr in tr khc hoc c th hon ton b in tr
nu iu bin cao hoc thp hn mc mong mun khi truyn dn ting ni.
Vic b in tr lm yn lng m m ho. t cc cu ni, thay th gi tr
in tr nu mong mun v iu chnh iu bin ting ni.
7.6.1. iu chnh iu bin m m.
1. Kim tra MONITOR v tr DSBL.
2. t kho RFF METER vo v tr SET v iu chnh iu khin
METER SET v SET LINE.
3. t kho RF METER v READ v t kho MODE vo CONT.
iu chnh MOD n phn trm iu bin mong mun.
7.6.2. iu chnh iu bin ting ni.
1. Kho RF v tr OFF.
2. t kho Meter v tr AUDIO.
3. t tn hiu ng Audio vo cc u vo cn bng 600 trn
panen my pht.
iu ny c th c p dng t b dao ng hoc t my ghi m,
i dy in thoi hoc thit b khc.
4. Quay iu khin mc u vo Audio (R6) trn Audio CCW
tng lch ca dng c o cho ti khi tr s trung bnh nm gia na hoc
y thang tho ng tn hiu trc khi lm mc tip theo.



7.6.3. VSWR Shutdown.
Kim tra MONITOR DSBL. t kho MODE CONT v ghi gi
tr c REFL. VSWR Shutdown s c t ct h thng gi tr cng
sut phn x ln hn gi tr vn hnh "bnh thng". Gi tr cng sut phn
x khi vn hnh bnh thng ph thuc vo anten, tn s v mi trng
xung quanh thay i. t gi tr hp l l gp hai ln gi tr "Normal"
c trn. lm gi tr hng dn, bng sau y cho gi tr VSWR nh l
phn trm ca cng sut phn x.

Cng sut phn x VSWR
1 phn trm 1,22
5 phn trm 1,58
10 phn trm 1,92
20 phn trm 2,62

1. t kho MODE CONT v quay RF LEVEL n gi tr CCW
y v tt RF OFF.
2. Tho cp RF b ghp ni anten.
3. ng li ngun vi kho RF.
4. Tng mt cch thn trng RF LEVEL cho n khi REFL t ti
gi tr mc ct mong mun nh xc nh trn.
5. iu chnh t t t ct VSWR ADJ R2 CCW trn Monitor PWB
cho n khi VSWR LED bt sng. Xem hnh "S Monitor". Quay RF
LEVEL y thang CCW, n RST v tng mc RF LEVEL mt cch t t v
quan st REFL.
My pht phi ct mc t mong mun.
6. Ni li cp RF.


7. iu chnh LF LEVEL c cng sut mang mong mun. t
kho MODE IDENT. Nu VSWR xy ra ct, quay K2 Ad 1/2 quay CW
v n RESET. Tip tc qu trnh ny cho n khi h thng khng ct v
quay R2 ADJ hn 1/2 quay CW.
7.6.4. H thng monitor iu chnh ting ni.
1. t kho MODE vo CARR.
2. Ni ngun vo my pht.
3. iu chnh cng sut RF ti mc ct mong mun.
4. Ni vn k vo TP3 trn MONITOR PWB.
5. Quay R6 v R22 t trn Monitor CCW y thang.
6. Quay R6 CW cho ti khi dng c o lch hng 5,5V.
7. t kho MODE RF METER v FRWD v iu chnh cng sut
ra ti mc sng mang mong mun.
8. t kho MODE vo v tr CONT (Continous tone m lin tc).
9. t tn hiu u vo ng audio vo my pht.
10. Kim tra lch trung bnh ca dng c o trn AUDIO gia 1/2
v ton thang. Nu khng iu chnh R6 trn Audio PWB.
11. Quay R22 iu chnh mc ct m m ho trn Monitor PWB CW
cho n khi in p TP3 ca Monitor lch hn v gi c nh.
7.6.5. iu chnh Monitor h thng khng c ting ni.
1. t ngun vo my pht.
2. iu chnh cng sut RF t my pht n mc ct mong mun khi
s dng iu khin RF LEVEL.
3. Ni vn k vo TP3 trn Monitor PWB.
4. Quay R6 CW cho n khi dng c o lch khong 5,5V.


6. t kho RF METER FRWD v iu chnh cng sut ra n
mc sng mang mong mun.
7. t kho MODE v tr IDENT.
8. iu chnh R22 CW cho n khi dng c o ch gia 5,5 v 12V
trong khi nhn dng.
Ch : - Kim tra xem dng c o tip tc lch sau khi kt thc vic
iu chnh.
- Dng c o tng t hoc dao ng k d c hn dng c
ch s dng cho mc ch iu chnh ny.
7.6.6. Th nghim t ng ct.
kim tra t ng ct khi h hng nhn dng t kho MODE vo
CONT. Sau khong t 15 n 60s my ct s ct. t li h thng v iu
chnh li RF LEVEL vi ton cng sut.
7.6.7. H thng kp (tu chn).
Lp li iu chnh iu bin cho my pht th hai.
Ch : Vi h thng kp my pht th hai c th c hot ng vi
ph tr gi dng cho mc ch th nghim trong khi my pht th nht
ang lm vic vi anten.
Ni ph ti gi vo u ni panen trc BNC v t kho
NORMAL/TEST v tr th nghim tc ng chuyn i b cm ch
ny.
8. Bo dng.
Cc th tc trong on ny cho may my. Chng ch c thc
hin khi cn hiu chnh no .
8.1. Sp xp v hiu chnh.
1. Kho RF t OFF.


2. Quay RF LEVEL CCW.
3. Quay MOD CCW.
4. t RF METER vo OFF.
5. Ni vn k DC vo cc u 3 v 4 ca TB2 trn mt trong cc bng
ngun AC. Xem (s ngun xoay chiu).
6. Kho PR1 Power v tr ON. Dng c o dc c khong 22,3 V.
Lp li ghp o vi ngun xoay chiu.
7. Ni vn k DC vo cc u 1 v 2 ca TB 1 trn mt trong cc bng
ngun AC. in p c c khong 220V tu theo in p vo AC.
8. Lp li php o i vi mi ngun AC.
8.2. iu chnh B tng hp.
1. Quay RF LEVEL y CCW v t ngun AC.
2. S dng bng m rng nng Kwosyn PWB dng cho iu
chnh.
3. t S1 trn Kwosyn PWB v tr C1.
6. t tn s 190 KHz v iu chnh L2 cho 2VDC TP2.
7. hot ng trn 430 KHz, t tn s 400KHz, S1 v tr C2 v
iu chnh L1 cho 2V RP2.
8. Chn tn s, ni tn s k vo TP1 v iu chnh C10 c tn
s mong mun.
8.3. Phm m.
1. Ni dao ng k vo TP1 v iu chnh R2 v R10 c sng
sin nh 5 v 10V.
2. Ni tn s k vo TP1 v iu chnh R2 cho 1020 Hz.
3. Ni dao ng k v iu chnh R10 cho tn hiu s sin nh 8V.
kim tra li tn s v tinh chnh R2 nu cn.


4. Xem "S Tone Key PWB". t cu ni 400Hz v lp li th
tc trn TP2 khi iu chnh R3 v R23 i vi 400Hz, tn hiu nh nh
8V.
5. Tho cu ni hoc hn v tr vi m chn.
8.4. Manip.
1. Ni b m tn s vo TP5 trn thanh ghi dch m v iu chnh
R5 Keyer Code vi 8Hz.
2. Lp trnh b nhn dng s dng kho DIP trn thanh ghi b dch
m.
8.5. B lc.
Kim tra tt c cu ni v tr chnh xc vi tn s la chn. Xem
"S b lc" v chi tit cu ni b lc.
8.6. Kim tra my pht tn s RF.
1. t la chn PA vo v tr 1.
2. Kim tra mc RF LEVEL v MOD y thang CCW.
3. Ni ti o 50.
4. Kho RF v tr ng. in p PA c c bng 0. Kim tra tt
c v tr PA. Kho PA READ c dng in. Tt c v tr c c nh hn
0,3A.
5. t Monitor DSBL. n LED trn kho ng.
6. t kho MODE vo CARR.
7. Kho PA READ VOLTAGE v iu chnh mc RF LEVLEL
c c 14V. Kim tra tt c PA.
8. Kho PA READ CURRENT v kim tra tt c PA. Dng in s
khong 1A.
9. Ni dao ng k vo ti gi.


10. iu chnh RF LEVEL i vi cng sut nh mc, s dng in
p dao ng k trn ti gi. in p PA khng c qu 70V i vi tt c
PA. in p PA s khng qu 10% gi tr th nghim ti nh my.
8.7. iu chnh dng c o.
1. t kho RF METER vo REFL.
2. Quay R6 AMTR1.
3. iu chnh C2 trn KWRF c dng c o nh nht.
4. t kho RF METER v FRWD. Quay R6 v AMTR1 y thang.
5. iu chnh R5 trn AMTR c ng cng sut.
6. Quay RF LEVEL CCW.
7. Tho ph ti o.
8. Quay nh RF LEVEL c c 20% cng sut.
9. t RF METER v REFL.
10. iu chnh R6 trn AMTR1 c cng tr s nh trn FRWD.
11. Quay RF LEVEL v ni li ph ti o.
12. iu chnh RF LEVEL cng sut nh mc.
13. t kho MODE v tr CONT iu chnh MOD 95% iu bin khi
s dng dng sng dao ng k.
14. t RF METER READ v iu chnh METER SET. iu chnh
R2 trn AMTR1 c dng c o SET Line.
9. Audio PWB.
1. Tt RF OFF. t cu ni Tone key t A n B ng thi m m v
iu bin ting ni.


t tn hiu 1000Hz khong 1V nh nh u vo audio trn
panen sau. iu chnh R6 v/ hoc S1 c 70% gi tr c trn Audio
METER.
2. Quay R20 v R44 y thang. t kho RFF METER READ.
3. iu chnh R20 c 85% trn dng c o.
4. iu chnh R44 cho n khi dng c o gim nh.
5. t R6 y CW.
10. iu khin Monitor
1. Quay RF LEVEL y thang CW.
2. Quay R2 trn Monitor y CW. Kho monitor RST v ngc li n
DSBL.
m bo rng kho ON/OFF v tr ON.
3. Tt mi ngun. Tho ti o. ng li ngun.
4. t kho RF METER REFL v t kho MODE CONT.
5. iu chnh RF METER c 20% cng sut.
6. Quay nh R2 trn Monitor cho n khi DS2 sng hon ton.
7. Quay RF LEVEL y CCW. Tt mi ngun,. Tho ph ti o. ng
li ngun.
8. Quay R6 v R22 trn Monitor y CCW.
9. t kho RF METER v FRWD v kho MODE CARR.
10. iu chnh RF LEVEL ti cng sut ct mong mun.
11. t kho MODE CONT. iu chnh iu bin 70% hoc ngng
iu bin ct mong mun. t kho MODE v tr IDENT.
12. Ni vn k DC vo TP3 trn Monitor in p s vo khong
1,5VDC.


13. iu chnh R6 cho n khi lch khong 5,5 V trong khi nhn dng
IDENT.
14. t kho MODE CARR v iu chnh RF LEVEL ti cng sut
nh mc. in p trn TR3 s ch khong 5,5V.
15. t kho MODE IDENT v iu chnh R22 cho n khi dng c
o dao ng gia 5,5 v ti thiu 8V trong khi nhn dng. Tr v
mc iu bin 95%. Tho vn k.
16. Kim tra ct bng cch t kho MONITOR RST, ri ENBL v
kho MODE CARR. My pht phi ct sau mt khong thi gian .
Khi ng li v t kho MODE CONT. My pht phi ct sau
mt khong thi gian. Khi ng li t kho MODE IDENT v
gim cng sut ti mc thp hn mc ct. My pht s ct sau mt
khong thi gian. Khi ng li v iu chnh li cng sut ti mc
mong mun. My pht s khng c ct.
11. Ct t ng DC.
1. Quay R4 y CW.
2. R4 iu chnh ct t ng DC khong 19V. lm iu ny iu
chnh in p c quy, c th s dng trnh t sau y:
a. o in p chn 12 ca U1. Ghi li nh V12.
b. o in p c quy. Ghi li nh VB.
c. Tnh ton V13 = V12 * VB * 0,0526.
d. Ni vn k vo chn 13 ca U1 v iu chnh R4 ti in p
tnh ton V13 trn.


Ph lc
Khu vc Naa

Stt Tn khu vc
Nhim
v
Thit
b
f
ct
(KHz)
Cng
sut (W)
Ident
Ghi
ch

1

2

3
4
5

6

Sn bay QT Ni Bi

Sn bay Ct Bi

Sn bay N Sn
Sn bay in Bin
Sn bay Vinh

Sn bay Gia Lm

i xa
i gn
i xa
i gn
i gn
i gn
i xa
i gn
i gn

SA 500



SA 500


320
230
274
560
340
380
218

258

5000



1000
1000

KW
K
BK
B
BQ
DB
TSA

DC





khu vc trung tm qun l bay

Stt Tn khu vc Nhim v
Thit
b
f
ct
(KHz)
Cng
sut (W)
Ident
Ghi
ch

1

2

3


i Long Khnh

i Ninh Bnh

i Mc Chu

i im

i im

i im


320

312

514

1000

1000

1000

AC

NB

MC












Khu vc maa

Stt Tn khu vc Nhim v Thit b
f
ct
(KHz)
Cng
sut (W)
Ident
Ghi
ch

1




2


3


4
5

6


Sn bay QT
Nng
35R


Sn bay Ph
Bi

Sn bay Ph
Ct

Sn bay Pleiku
Sn bay ng
Tc

Sn bay Nha
Trang



i im,
i xa
i gn
i xa

i gn
i xa

i gn
i gn
i gn

i gn




ND 4000

ND 500
ND 2000

ND 500
ND 2000

ND 500
ND 4000
LX 4000

ND 2000



212

436
440

348
250

388
282
200

368




1000

50/125
500

125
500

50/125
1000
150

500




DJ

D
PB

P
PC

C
PK
TH

NG




Khu vc saa


Stt Tn khu vc Nhim v Thit b
f
ct
(KHz)
Cng
sut (W)
Ident
Ghi
ch
1




2

3

4
5
6
7
Sn bay TSN
25R

25L

Sn bay LK

Sn bay
BMT
Sn bay CL
Sn bay PQ
Sn bay RG
Sn bay QL

i xa
i gn
i xa
i gn
i xa, im
i gn
i xa, im
i gn
i gn
i gn
i gn
i gn

ND 500
ND 500
TM6
TM6
ND 4000
ND 500
ND 4000
ND 500
XLA 50
ND 500
ND 500
ND500

358
375
326
343
330
312
386
370
350
278
335
305

50/125
25/125
50
30
1000
50/125
1000
50/125
50
50/125
50/125
50/125

TD
GV
SG
GN
DL
HYD
BU
HT
CL
PQ
RG
QL










i xa (K2)






i gn (K1)




ng HCC



M hnh ng h ct cnh


Glossary ch tt
NDB Non Directional Beacon i dn ng v hng
ICAO International Civil Aviation
Organization
T chc HKDD quc t
FIR Flight Information Region Vng thng bo bay
VOR VHF Omni Range i dn ng bay bng gc phng v
VHF Very High Frequency Tn s VHF
HF Hight Frequency Tn s cao tn (MHz)
ATC Air Trafic Control Kim sot khng lu
ILS Instrument Landing System H thng h cnh bng thit b
GNSS Global Navigation Satelite System H thng v tinh dn ng ton cu
MLS Microwave Landing System H thng h cnh sng vi ba
DME Distance Measuring Equygment Thit b o c ly bay
AGC Automatic Gain Control T ng iu chnh li
PLL Phase Locked Loop Vng kho pha
MDC Module Disconnect Module ct
RF Radio Frequency Sng cao tn
PA Power Amplifier B khuych i cng sut
SPA Switching PA Khuych i cng sut kiu chuyn
mch
MOD Modulator B iu ch
OSC Oscilator B dao ng
I/O Input/Output Vo/Ra
REFL Refleted Phn hi
FRWD Forward Sng pht ra
FM Frequency Modulation Bin iu tn s
STC Sensifivity Time Contron B phn iu ho sng
UHF Ultra High Frequency Siu cao tn
AM Amplitude Modulation iu bin


AMS Aeronautical Mobile Service Dch v thng tin lu ng
GES Geographical Eath Station Trm tip sng mt t
AAC Acronautical Administrative
Communication
Dch v qun l bay
AES Eath Station Trm tip sng trn khng
ADF Automatic Direction Finder My thu ADF
RC Radio Compass La bn v tuyn
LOC Localizer i ch hng h cnh
GS Glide Slope i ch gc h cnh
DMEI DME Interrogator My hi
DMET DME Transponder My tr li
LORAN Long Range Navigation System i dn ng tm xa
PRR Pulsse Repcation Rate Nhp lp li
LPRR Low Pulsse Repcation Rate Nhp lp li chm (thp)
HPRR High Pulsse Repcation Rate Nhp lp li nhanh (cao)
GP Glide path i ch gc h cnh
RADAR Radio Detection and Ranging Sng v tuyn in o c ly mc
tiu
MTI Moving Target Indicator B phn xo mc tiu c nh.
FTC
(CP)
Fast time Coustant (CP:
Cireular Polarigation)
B phn xo mc tiu bt thng
khng cn thit
PPI Plan position Indicator S ch th v tr
SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar Raa gim st th cp
ASR Appoach surveillance Radar Ra a kim sot tip cn
ASDE Airport Surplace Detection
Equipment
Ra a kim sot khu vc sn bay.
PAR Perecision Appoach Radar Ra a h cnh chnh xc
MM Midle Marker i gn
OM Outer Marker i xa
IM Inter Marker i mc trong


CL Compass Locator i phng v
MLS Microwave Landing System H thng h cnh sng viba
AZ Azimuth Angle i gc phng v
BAZ Backanruth Angle i o gc phng v sau
AL Dlevation Element i gc ngng
PWB Power Ngun in
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Radio T s in p sng ng
MOD Modulator Driver Tin khuch i iu ch.
DC Direct Current in 1 chiu
AC Alternating Current in xoay chiu
RST Reset Thit lp li (Xo)
PS Power Supply Ngun cung cp
DCAD DC Auto Disconnect T ng ct ngun 1 chiu
PRI Primary S cp