Tai Lieu Learning PHP MySQL

Learning PHP & MySQL Updatesofts.
com
1 By TXP Lover, Incomplete, iSheep, Seneken.
Ci !t Web server - b%&c )u tin , h/c PHP!

"Tr!ng h$c" v'a khai gi(ng, trong lc +,i bi h$c +-u tin ra l, cho php t0 +,c "ma ru
qua m2t th, ci"!

Nh bc ngocha85 + ni, +5 h$c PHP v MySQL, m8t trong nh9ng th; c-n chu<n b= l web
server ch?y trn PC c@a mnh. B5 cho nhanh chng, theo t0 tCt nhDt nn ci b8 XAMPP.

Cu h1i 1: XAMPP l g?

Tr( l!i: XAMPP giCng v0i WAMP, nghEa l ng!i m0i h$c ko c-n ph(i biGt cch ci +Ht ring lI
t'ng thnh ph-n nh Apache, PHP v MySQL. ChJ c-n download m8t gi vL l xong.

Cc tnh nMng c trong XAMPP:

1. Apache 2 => server
2. PHP 5 => ngn ng9 lNp trnh
3. MySQL => c" sO d9 liPu
4. Webalizer => qu(n l statistic c@a site
5. Mercury => gi( lNp gQi email
6. FileZilla => gi( lNp FTP server
7. RDt nhiLu tnh nMng chuyn su khc...

Cu h1i 2: T3i sao ko dng WAMP?

Tr( l!i: V ci ny t0 cha dng bao gi! + Ci ny bc ngocha85 ch2c sR gi0i thiPu => trnh
+Sng hng l h"n. V0i l?i ci XAMPP ny theo t0 cTng rDt hay, thNm ch ko c-n ci +Ht, chJ c-n
copy v ch?y.

Cu h1i 3: Down XAMPP 4 u?

Tr( l!i: U +y: http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp.html
C +@ b8 XAMPP cho Windows, Linux, MacOS v c( Solaris, v vNy m$i hP +iLu hnh n +Lu
chDp tDt!

Cu h1i 4: Ci !t v s5 d6ng XAMPP nh% th8 no?

Tr( l!i: Sau khi t(i vL, b?n sR c 1 file zip. Gi(i nn file + ra 1 th mSc bDt kW, v dS C:\XAMPP.
B5 ch?y web server, b?n kch ho?t file xampp_control.exe, bDm nt Start bn c?nh Apache v
nt close +5 XAMPP Control tY +8ng chuy5n xuCng system tray.

Ngoi ra, b?n c th5 khOi +8ng MySQL nGu dng c" sO d9 liPu, FileZilla nGu dng FTP v
Mercury nGu dng email.

B5 biGt ch2c web server + ch?y +ng, b?n mO trnh duyPt web c@a mnh, g http://localhost
vo thanh Address, sau + enter. M8t trang thng bo sR hiPn ra, cho biGt qu trnh "ci +Ht" +
hon tDt.

Cu h1i 5: Lm th8 no , ch3y cc script vi8t b:ng PHP?

Tr( l!i: B?n cho script vo th mSc C:\XAMPP\htdocs\ sau + g$i file + qua URL
http://localhost/script_name.php

Learning PHP & MySQL Updatesofts.com
VNy l hGt "bi chu<n b= cho bi khOi +8ng" c@a bc ngocha85 sR post trong vi ngy t0i. Tn
tn ten!

Th'a th2ng xng ln, t0 lm lun bi "Hello World".

Bi 1: Ni "hello world" v&i PHP

C)n chu;n b< nh>ng g?

1. Web server c-n +(m b(o sZn sng. Apache +,c khOi +8ng theo bi post O trn.
2. M8t script editor. Ci ny c rDt nhiLu, nh PHP Designer, Dev-PHP, ... ThNm ch dng
notepad cTng +,c. Nhng tCt nhDt nn dng m8t editor c h\ tr, unicode. Nh t0 dng
SCiTE.
Bn vo trang ny #$ xem list v review cc PHP editor: http://www.php-editors.com/
3. 5 pht th!i gian r(nh r\i.

B@t )u!!!

1. T?o m8t file mang tn "helloworld.php" trong th mSc htdocs. MO file + b]ng script editor.
2. G +o?n code sau vo editor:
PHP Code:
<?php
echo "Hello World!";
?>
3. MO trnh duyPt web, g http://localhost/helloworld.php [enter].
4. Nh2m m2t l?i trong 0.0001 giy. NGu mO m2t ra m b?n thDy dng ch9 Hello World l +
thnh cng rî +!

GiAi thch
1. Dng th; nhDt c@a file helloworld.php l "<?php" v dng cuCi cng l "?>". By l 2 thI (tag)
+5 bo cho server biGt +i5m b2t +-u v kGt thc c@a m8t +o?n code PHP. Ni cch khc, b]ng
cch ny b?n c th5 nhng code PHP trong bDt c; file HTML c sZn no. Khi thYc thi file PHP,
web server sR chJ thYc hiPn nh9ng +o?n code +Ht trong 2 thI ny v b_ qua tDt t-n tNt nh9ng
ph-n cn l?i.
2. Dng 2 l m8t lPnh c@a PHP: LPnh echo. LPnh ny lm nhiPm vS in m8t xu ra ngoi mn
hnh. C-n nh0 m8t lPnh PHP lun kGt thc b]ng dDu chDm ph<y ";". NGu thiGu d chJ m8t dDu
chDm ph<y, code c@a b?n sR ko ch?y v d'ng l?i bi5u tnh ngay.
3. CTng O dng 2, xu "Hello World" +,c +Ht trong dDu ngoHc kp. NGu ko, sR c l\i.

MBt vi cu h1i

1. C c-n thiGt ph(i trnh by nh trn ko?
=> Ko. B?n c th5 trnh by code theo bDt c; cch no b?n muCn. Li vo 10 dDu cch, m\i
dng cch nhau 3 hng, ... BiLu + l ty b?n. Tuy nhin c-n ph(i viGt code cho thNt d` +$c v
d` hi5u +5 tiPn cho viPc sQa +ai v chia sI code sau ny.

2. C cch no bo hiPu m8t +o?n code PHP ngoi cch dng <?php ko?
=> C. NhiLu cch l +]ng khc. V dS b?n c th5 viGt

PHP Code:
<?
// Code "y
?>
Tuy nhin cc cch khc +Lu t thng dSng v +,c khuyGn co ko nn sQ dSng.

3. C th5 +Ht xu Hello World trong dDu ngoHc +"n ko?
=> C th5. B?n c th5 dng dDu ngoHc kp v dDu nhy +"n +5 ch;a xu. SY khc nhau gi9a
chng sR +,c th(o luNn sau.

4. NGu trong xu cTng c dDu ngoHc / xu l m8t +o?n vMn b(n rDt di th sao?
=> Ko c g ph(i lo l2ng. Ci g cTng c cch gi(i quyGt. VDn +L l cch + ko n]m trong bi
h$c hm nay. HGt 5 pht rî, b?n hy nghJ ng"i +. :P

Bi tCp

V Bi 1 hGt s;c +"n gi(n, chJ theo tinh th-n Hello World nn bi tNp cTng sR chJ c bi, v cTng
rDt rDt +"n gi(n.

Hy cho biGt l\i sai trong cc +o?n code sau:

1.
PHP Code:

2.
PHP Code:
<?php
echo "Hello World!"
?>

3.
PHP Code:
<?php
echo "Hello World!';
?>

4.
PHP Code:
<?php
?>

Bi 2 - M6c 1: L%u tr> d> liDu trong PHP. Vi iEu c)n ni vE bi8n.

Tr0c khi b2t +-u bi 2, t0 xin trnh by vL cch ch thch (comment) trong PHP. By c th5 coi
l m8t kb nMng cTng +,c, v b?n rDt KHNG NN viGt code m ko c ch thch. C th5 +o?n
code rDt d` hi5u vo th!i +i5m viGt, nhng nGu ko c ch thch, chJ vi thng sau b?n c th5
qun ngay mnh + viGt ci g. ViGt ch thch ngay vo th!i +i5m code l cch tCt nhDt.

Trong PHP, m8t dng ch thch +,c +Ht sau 2 dDu sa cho //

V dS
PHP Code:
// #y l m$t dng ch thch

NGu ch thch c@a b?n di h"n 1 dng, b?n c th5 +5 n trong 1 block, mO +-u b]ng /* v kGt
thc b]ng */
PHP Code:
/*
Ch thch dng th' nh)t
Th' 2
Th' 3
Vn vn...
*/

Cn m8t cch n9a, KHNG pha biGn (t ra l t0 thDy thG), + l ch thch +Ht sau dDu #. Ch
thch ny cTng chJ cho php 1 dng giCng nh //

M8t +iLu khc cTng rDt c-n ch + l PHP ko cho php +Ht ch thch trong ch thch (nested
comment).

Ta b2t +-u vo Bi 2.

Bi 2: L%u tr> d> liDu trong PHP

Khi b2t tay vo lNp trnh m8t ch"ng trnh, hi5n nhin ta sR c-n ph(i lu tr9 d9 liPu. CS th5, d9
liPu c th5 +,c lu tr9 b]ng biGn (variable). Khc v0i cc ngn ng9 lNp trnh khc, trong PHP
cc biGn ko c-n ph(i khai bo (declare) tr0c khi sQ dSng. B5 sQ dSng biGn, b?n chJ c-n gn
(assign) cho n m8t gi tr= (value). BiGn sR tY +8ng +,c t?o. CYc kW +"n gi(n v nhanh chng!

1. Bi8n. Khai bo. F!t tn.

BiGn trong PHP b2t +-u b]ng dDu dollar ($), theo sau l tn biGn. Tn biGn c th5 b2t +-u b]ng
dDu g?ch d0i (_ g$i l underscore) hoHc ch9 ci. TiGp sau + l cc ch9 ci, sC hoHc l?i l dDu
g?ch d0i. M8t sC k tY mO r8ng (extended character) c th5 +,c sQ dSng, nhng tCt nhDt l
nn trnh.

M8t sC v dS vL biGn BNG: $uds, $update_softs, $uds_has_more_than_26000_members

BiGn sai: abc v thiGu dDu dollar, $124adfd v b2t +-u b]ng sC

CTng c-n th(o luNn thm m8t cht: CTng v sY d` di trong viPc ko ph(i khai bo biGn nn sR
c lc b?n g nh-m tn biGn. V dS $uds g thnh $usd (Hc!)

V dS:
PHP Code:
<?php
$uds ="Welcome to UDS!";
echo $uds;
?>

May m2n lm sao, t' b(n PHP 5 trO ln, sR c m8t c(nh bo (warning) khi b?n ch?y script, cho
biGt b?n cha gn gi tr= cho biGn $usd.

, cn m8t vDn +L cha ni +Gn: B l trong PHP, tn biGn C phn biPt ch9 hoa ch9 th!ng
(case-sensitive). NghEa l $uds hon ton khc v0i $UDS hay $uDs. Ni chung nn trnh viPc
+Ht tn biGn chJ khc nhau cch viGt hoa th!ng ny, v'a +c mDt cng gi9 Shift, v'a +c nh0
nh-m tn biGn.

MSc 2 sR mang tn MBt sH ki,u d> liDu trong PHP. M$i ng!i +n +$c nh!

Bi tCp
Trong cc biGn sau +y, biGn no +,c +Ht tn +ng, biGn no b= +Ht tn sai:

1. this_is_a_variable
2. $yet another variable
3. $simplevariable
4. $blah_blah_blah_123456789_______
5. $123456789_____abacabadfskdjsfksdfkdserwuewrjfdksj fdksljf
6. $^^
7. $___A___VARIABLE____
8. $THiS_iS_THe_LaST_ONe

Bi 2 - M6c 2: L%u tr> d> liDu trong PHP. MBt sH ki,u d> liDu c' bAn
[updated]

Ngoi l( m*t cht: Lc #,u t- c0ng ko #3nh tch Bi 2 ra lm m5y thread, nh7ng n8u #$ nh7 th8
kia th di qu, s9 #:c theo cc bc m;t m<t => n>n lng.

Ta c m8t sC ki5u d9 liPu c" b(n sau +y trong PHP:

a. Ki5u sC (number)
b. Ki5u xu (string)
c. Ki5u boolean (boolean)

a. Ki,u sH

Trong ki5u sC (l?i) c 2 ki5u c" b(n khc: SC nguyn (int) v sC thYc (float). SC nguyn c th5
bi5u di`n b]ng sC thNp phn (hP 10 - decimal), hP 8 (octal) v hP 16 (hexadecimal).

V dS ta gn gi tr= cho m8t sC biGn ki5u NGUYN nh sau:
PHP Code:
<?php
$a =27;
$b =-27;
$c =027;
$d =-027;
$e =0x27;
$f =-0x27;
?>

U v dS trn, c( 6 biGn t' $a +Gn $f +Lu c gi tr= l 27 hoHc -27. Tuy nhin, v0i biGn $a v $b,
ta dng ki5u bi5u di`n sC thNp phn (viGt nh sC ta viGt hng ngy). V0i $c v $d, dng ki5u sC
hP 8 (b2t +-u v0i ch9 sC 0). V0i $e v $f dng ki5u hP 16 (b2t +-u v0i ch9 sC 0 v ch9 ci x).

NGu + t'ng h$c qua Pascal, ch2c ch2n b?n sR h_i t0: ThG nGu t0 dng 1 biGn ki5u int, gn cho
n m8t gi tr= cao b]ng max c@a int, th khi +em sC + c8ng v0i 1, gi tr= c b= chuy5n thnh m
do trn sC (overflow) ko?

Cu tr( l!i l ko. M8t biGn ki5u int c gi tr= cYc l0n trong PHP l 2147483647, khi c8ng 1 vdn
sR tr( gi tr= +ng l 2147483648, nhng l-n ny sR thu8c ki5u float. Ni cch khc, PHP tY
chuy5n sC b= trn ln ki5u float.

NGu thch +Ht cu h_i, ch2c ch2n (l?i m8t l-n n9a) b?n sR h_i t0: Sao cNu biGt +iLu Dy?

Cu tr( l!i rDt +"n gi(n: B?n hy cng t0 lm v dS v0i +o?n code sau:
PHP Code:
<?php
$a =2147483647;
var_dump($a);
$a =$a +1;
var_dump($a);
?>

Sau khi ch?y script, kGt qu( tr( vL sR l

int(2147483647) float(2147483648)

=> Bng nh t0 ni nh!

T0 xin gi(i thch nh thG ny:

U dng th; nhDt, ta +em gn gi tr= 2147483647 cho $a. By l m8t gi tr= cYc to, nhng vdn
n]m trong int, v vNy $a sR thu8c ki5u int.
Dng th; 2 v th; 4, ta dng lPnh var_dump($a); By l lPnh in ra ki5u v gi tr= c@a m8t biGn
trong PHP. Ch nh, lPnh ny kh pha biGn v hay +,c dng +5 debug code.
U dng th; 3, ta dng lPnh gn $a = $a + 1; V0i cc b?n + h$c lNp trnh, +iLu ny cheng c g
kh hi5u. Sau khi thYc thi lPnh, $a sR mang gi tr= c@a $a c8ng thm v0i 1. Cn nGu (cheng
may) b?n cha h$c lNp trnh bao gi!, th t0 (l?i) xin gi(i thch nh thG ny:
- DDu b]ng O +y l lPnh gn, +em gi tr= c@a vG ph(i gn cho vG tri, ch; ko ph(i l dDu b]ng
trong bi5u th;c ton h$c m mnh vdn h$c. Do +, ko c g l tri v0i lR tY nhin c(. :P

M8t +iLu khc m b?n nn nh0, + l hy THfT c<n thNn khi sQ dSng sC ki5u float trong PHP.
N lun chJ l nh9ng gi tr= xDp xJ, v ko hL chnh xc tuyPt +Ci. Do + tCt nhDt l chuy5n sC
float sang int khi c th5. Cch lm sR +,c th(o luNn sau.

Gi! ta sang ki5u xu.

b. Ki,u xu

B=nh nghEa m8t ci no: Xu l m8t chu\i cc k tY. M8t cu t0 x pam l m8t xu. C( ci bi
viGt ny cTng c th5 l m8t xu.

B5 sQ dSng xu, c 3 cch (hic, b2t +-u ph;c t?p rî => m$i ng!i +;ng dNy v"n vai ci cho
tJnh to! :P):

Cch 1 l dng nhy +"n.
Cch 2 l dng ngoHc kp (hay g$i l nhy kp g cTng +,c).
Cch 3 l dng ki5u HEREDOC.

Ni r nh:

Cch 1: Xu +,c +Ht trong dDu nhy +"n.
PHP Code:
<?php
echo '#y l xu "+t trong d)u nhy "!n';
?>

SR c b?n h_i t0 (sao h_i nhiLu thG!): Trong xu c th5 +Ht dDu nhy +"n +,c ko? Ki5u nh
xu l I'm a student .
Cu tr( l!i l b?n ph(i thm m8t dDu s,c (hay su8c g ) tr0c dDu nhy +"n "bDt th!ng" .
Nh thG ny:
PHP Code:
echo 'Trong nhy "!n l-i c m$t nhy "!n nh( th. ny \', v nh( th. ny n0a \'.';

BHt ci dDu + (\) g$i l "escape the character". Ni nh_ nh: Bi t0 viGt hay chn tiGng Anh vo
l +5 cc b?n +c "bc ngc" khi +$c tut hay doc b]ng Eng.

M8t l-n n9a, (l?i) c m8t cu h_i +,c +Ht ra: NGu trong xu cTng c m8t dDu \ th sao?
Cu tr( l!i cTng rDt gi(n d=: Dng thm m8t dDu \ n9a ngay tr0c dDu \ . Nh thG ny \\

L-n ny, sR ko c m8t cu h_i, m sR l m8t tiGng thO di: Sao l2m th; thG? Cn ci dDu no
ph(i "escape" nh dDu \ v ' ko?
C. B l:
1. \n : Bo hiPu xuCng dng trong PHP. GiCng nh <br /> trong HTML.
2. \t : Thay mHt cho Tab
3. \$ : DDu dollar (trnh "c?nh tranh lnh m?nh" v0i tn biGn m! :P)
4. ... B5 gHp ni sau. Ni nhiLu e "t<u h_a nhNp ma" chGt!

Qun mDt, tr' \' v \\, mDy ci escape ny chJ dng trong tr!ng h,p xu +Ht trong dDu ngoHc
kp.

H! h!, l?i qun m8t +iLu ph(i ni tr0c khi chuy5n qua ph-n kG tiGp: NGu trong xu ta ko thm
dng dDu \, cTng kc thm dng dDu ', m dng c( \' cho "dn ch"i" th sao?
Tr( l!i: Th c; lm nh bnh th!ng thi. Nh thG n: \\\'. DDu \ th; 1 +5 escape cho dDu \ th;
2. DDu \ th; 3 +5 escape cho dDu ' cuCi cng. Th!ng thi!

Cch 2: Xu +,c +Ht trong dDu ngoHc kp (hay nhy kp - whatever)

Tr!ng h,p ny rDt giCng v0i sQ dSng dDu nhy +"n + ni O trn.
PHP Code:
<?php
echo "Xu ny "+t trong d)u ngo+c kp";
?>

SO dE ni RhT giCng m ko ph(i HON TON giCng v gi9a chng c +i5m khc nhau: Khi thYc
thi, PHP sR tm v thay thG trong xu nh9ng k tY +Hc biPt +,c escape (nh \n, \t...) nh +
ni O trn, cng v0i cc biGn (nGu c) trong xu.

V dS:
PHP Code:
<?php
$a =1;
echo "Bi.n \$a c gi tr2 l $a";
?>

SR cho ta kGt qu(: BiGn $a c gi tr= l 1

Trong khi +, nGu sQ dSng dDu nhy +"n:
PHP Code:
<?php
$a =1;
echo 'Bi.n \$a c gi tr2 l $a';
?>

L?i in ra: BiGn \$a c gi tr= l $a

BiLu + cho thDy: Khi sQ dSng dDu nhy +"n, gi tr= c@a biGn trong xu, cng v0i cc k tY +Hc
biPt c-n escape sR ko +,c in ra. Cc b?n nh0 kb +iLu ny nh!

Ta sang cch th; 3: Xu +Ht trong cDu trc HEREDOC

U cch 1, PHP sR nhNn thDy 1 xu +,c b2t +-u v0i dDu nhy +"n th; nhDt v kGt thc v0i dDu
nhy +"n th; 2. T"ng tY v0i cch 2, nhng l dDu ngoHc kp.

U cch 3 ny, PHP sR coi m8t xu b2t +-u b]ng 3 dDu nh_ h"n viGt liLn nhau <<<, +i km v0i 1
tn +=nh danh (identifier) ty b?n +Ht tn, v dS l HERE, kGt thc l tn + km theo dDu ;

Nghe c vI h"i ph;c t?p, nhng b?n hy cng t0 g v dS sau: (ch l ch9 HERE c th5 thay
b]ng bDt c; ch9 g, tn b?n cheng h?n, mi`n l n tun theo nguyn t2c +Ht tn biGn c@a PHP.
, m nh0 l mO b]ng <<<HERE th ph(i +ng b]ng HERE; nh, ko +,c mO cQa ra vo, +ng
cQa sa +u!)
PHP Code:
<?php
echo <<<HERE
Xu đ(4c ghi dng th' nh)t
Dng thứ 2
Dng thứ 3
Vn vn
HERE;
?>

Nhn vo v dS trn, b?n c nhNn xt g?

Th; nhDt, xu ko nhDt thiGt ph(i thu8c m8t dng. N ko nhDt thiGt ph(i ng2n g$n, m c th5 di
"trng giang +?i h(i" ra mDy chSc dng cTng +,c. BiLu ny rDt tiPn nGu b?n muCn echo m8t
lc c( m8t bi th" cheng h?n!

Th; hai, ch9 HERE; O dng cuCi cng t0 ko cMn lL v0i ch9 echo O dng 1. B l LUfT, d t0
thDy h"i "bDt cng" v "nghiPt ng" m8t t:
- Sau <<<HERE ph(i xuCng dng. Ko +,c php c d chJ 1 k tY tr2ng (dDu cch )
- Tr0c v sau HERE; cTng thG. Ko +,c php c d chJ 1 k tY tr]ng. Ni cch khc, +'ng d?i
g cMn lL cho dng ny.

Ci g l LUfT th ph(i THEO, ci ko +,c Cn nGu ko theo, PHP sR bo l\i:
Quote:
Parse error: parse error, unexpected T_SL in E:\XAMPP\htdocs\test.php on line 2

T0 ni dng di nh vNy l v + t'ng mDt bao nhiu th!i gian m0i tm ra +,c l\i sai c@a mnh.
ChJ v m8t dDu cch m ch"ng trnh +nh cng, ko thm ch?y! Kinh nghiPm x"ng mu!

Cn m8t n9a: NGu t' ny +Gn gi! b?n chJ +$c "chay", ko thYc hnh th (cha ch2c) + nhNn
thDy: Khi ch?y ch"ng trinh, thay v in ra mDy dng nh trn, PHP l?i in m$i th; ra cng 1
dng:
Quote:
Xu +,c ghi O dng th; nhDt Dng th; 2 Dng th; 3 Vn vn

SQa ch9a +iLu ny cTng kh +"n gi(n:
PHP Code:
<?php
$s =<<<HERE
Xu đ(4c ghi dng th' nh)t
Dng thứ 2
Dng thứ 3
Vn vn
HERE;
echo nl2br($s);
?>

C g b <n O +y ko? Thay v echo theng mDy dng kia ra, ta +i "vng vo" m8t cht b]ng cch
gn xu ch;a mDy dng + cho biGn $s, sau + echo nl2br($s) ra mn hnh.

nl2br() +,c g$i l m8t hm (function). N nhNn m8t xu lm tham sC (parameter), O +y l xu
$s, sau + in ra theo luNt: C; gHp dDu xuCng dng trong code l chuy5n thnh dDu xuCng dng
trong HTML.

Ci tn nl2br cTng cheng ph(i th-n ch g kh nh0, n rDt gi(n d=: chJ l viGt t2t c@a new-line-to-
br. New-line l dDu xuCng dng trong code, 2 l to , br l <br /> (thI xuCng dng trong
HTML).

VNy l vDn +L + +,c gi(i quyGt. KGt qu( in ra +ng nh mong +,i:
Quote:
Xu +,c ghi O dng th; nhDt
Dng th; 2
Dng th; 3
Vn vn

Ki5u d9 liPu c" b(n cuCi cng m t0 sR ni t0i chnh l Ki5u boolean.

c. Ki,u boolean

By l ki5u d9 liPu +"n gi(n nhDt trong PHP (+c qu!). tOng rDt +"n gi(n: M$i th; chJ thu8c
vo 1 trong 2 lo?i: Bng hoHc Sai, C v Khng, 1 v 0. Khng c ngo?i lP. Anh ko l True th
sR l False. U +y ko c ch\ cho ng!i ba ph(i!!!

Gi tr= c@a biGn ki5u boolean l TRUE hoHc FALSE. Hai t' ny hon ton ko phn biPn hoa
th!ng, v vNy c th5 viGt nh thG no cTng +,c: TRue, tRUe, true, ...

V dS:
PHP Code:
<?php
$a =TRUE;
$b =false;
?>

M8t ki5u d9 liPu +"n gi(n +^ng nghEa v0i viPc ko c-n gi(i thch nhiLu vL v dS c@a n.

Nhng n l?i ko +^ng nghEa v0i viPc: Ki5u boolean cheng c g +ng ni! ThYc tG l ki5u ny rDt
hay dng trong PHP, v dS khi tnh ton m8t bi5u th;c v xem gi tr= c@a n c l0n h"n m8t sC
no +Dy hay ko... (bi5u th;c +iLu kiPn)

Xin +,c kGt thc Bi 2 t?i +y. C(m "n qu v= + quan tm theo di...

COMING UP NEXT: MBt sH hm c)n thi8t khi debug code

Bi 2 - M6c 3: Cc ki,u d> liDu quan tr/ng khc

TiGp sau mSc 2: Cc ki5u d9 liPu c" b(n, t0 xin gi0i thiPu thm m8t vi ki5u d9 liPu quan tr$ng
khc c@a PHP: M(ng, BCi t,ng, Null v Resource (sozy v 2 ki5u cuCi ko r d=ch nh thG no)

1. MAng (array)

M(ng +,c sQ dSng khi b?n muCn lu tr9 m8t sC l,ng l0n cc biGn. M8t v dS hGt s;c +"n
gi(n: M8t l0p c 50 h$c sinh, v b?n muCn qu(n l c( 50 h$c sinh +. B5 +?i diPn cho m8t h$c
sinh, tDt nhin b?n sR muCn 1 biGn. Nhng nGu +Ht tn l hs1, hs2, ... hs50 th qu( l qu mDt
th!i gian! V +y chnh l l do +5 m(ng c "+Dt dSng v".

M(ng ch;a rDt nhiLu gi tr= (value), m\i gi tr= +,c truy cNp nh! kha (key). Kha c th5 chJ l
nh9ng sC +Gm thng th!ng nh 1, 2, 3, hay c th5 l xu, nh "abc", "def", "ghi". M(ng c
kha l xu nh vNy +,c g$i l associative array.

B5 khai bo m8t m(ng, chng ta c th5 sQ dSng cch nh v dS sau:
PHP Code:
<?php
$a =array(1, 2, 3, 4);
$b =array("a", "b", "c");
$c =array(1, "a", array(3, 4));
?>

Nh O v dS trn, $a, $b, $c +Lu l m(ng. M(ng $a ch;a cc sC t' 1 +Gn 4, m(ng $b ch;a cc
xu "a", "b", "c". Cn m(ng $c snh +iPu h"n, ch;a c( sC ldn xu, thm c( m8t m(ng O bn
trong n n9a.

Sau khi khOi t?o gi tr= trong m(ng $a, mHc +=nh m\i ph-n tQ (element) trong n sR +,c gn
cho m8t kha l sC nguyn. N b2t +-u t' 0, ko ph(i l 1. Do +, ph-n tQ th; 0 sR l 1, th; 1 sR
l 2, vn vn.

V dS:
PHP Code:
<?php
echo $a[2];
?>

SR in ra mn hnh gi tr= 3 - t;c l ph-n tQ mang kha l 2 trong m(ng $a.

Nh t0 + ni O trn, m8t kha c th5 l m8t xu, nghEa l ng!i ta c th5 truy cNp m(ng $d
(cheng h?n) b]ng cch dng $d["blah"]. VNy ta khOi t?o gi tr= c@a $d nh thG no?

RDt +"n gi(n, ta sQ dSng ton tQ (operator) =>
PHP Code:
<?php
$d =array("blah" =>1, "abc" =>2, "def" =>"ghi");
?>

C th5 d` dng +on +,c: NGu dng lPnh echo $d["def"] sR cho ra kGt qu( l "ghi".

Tm hi5u su thm vL M(ng, ki5u d9 liPu m?nh mR c@a PHP, sR l ph-n viPc c@a m8t Bi h$c
sau ny.

FHi t%Ing (object)

PHP5 l m8t ngn ng9 lNp trnh h0ng +Ci t,ng (OO - Object Oriented). Ni m8t cch +"n
gi(n nhDt (nhng vdn nghe tai nGu b?n cha nghe vL +Ci t,ng bao gi!) th lNp trnh h0ng
+Ci t,ng (OOP - Object Oriented Programming) l viPc t?o ra m8t ki5u d9 liPu m0i (+Ci t,ng
- object hay l0p - class). Thay v viPc ph(i t?o m8t dy cc hm lin quan +Gn +Ci t,ng +, b?n
sQ dSng thu8c tnh (properties) v ph"ng th;c (method) trYc tiGp c@a +Ci t,ng .

Hy nh2m m2t vo tOng t,ng. B?n c m8t qu( bng bay. Qu( bng c nh9ng thu8c tnh
g? , rDt +"n gi(n thi: B c th5 l kch th0c, mu s2c hay +8 cMng - xjp c@a bng.

Cn ph"ng th;c: Qu( bng c th5 cMng ln, hoHc xjp +i. RDt d` dng ph(i ko?

Gi! hy tOng t,ng, b?n c m8t +Ci t,ng mang tn QB (qu( bng ). B5 t?o ra m8t qu(
bng, b?n dng lPnh:
PHP Code:
<?php
$bong =new QB();
?>

Qu( bng c kch th0c (KT), mu s2c (MS) v +8 cMng - xjp (CX). B5 $bong mang mu +_,
b?n c th5 viGt:
PHP Code:
<?php
$bong->MS =red;
?>

T"ng tY, ni +Gn kch th0c, +8 cMng - xjp c@a qu( bng, ta c th5 dng $bong->KT, $bong-
>CX.

ThG cn ph"ng th;c? Nh + ni, qu( bng c th5 cMng ln (CL) hoHc xjp +i (XD). B5 thYc
thi cc ph"ng th;c ny, ta lm nh v dS sau:
PHP Code:
<?php
$bong->CL();
?>

T?m d'ng viPc "cci ngYa xem hoa" ph-n +Ci t,ng t?i +y.

3. Null

M8t biGn +,c coi l NULL (ko c gi tr=) nGu n th_a mn c( 3 +iLu kiPn sau:
1. N +,c gn l NULL (ko phn biPt hoa th!ng)
2. N cha bao gi! "+,c" (hay "b=") gn gi tr=.
3. N + b= "xQ +jp" b]ng unset - hm h@y b_ cc biGn chJ +=nh.

B5 ki5m tra m8t biGn c l NULL hay ko, ta c th5 sQ dSng hm is_null(biGn). V dS:
PHP Code:
<?php
$test =NULL;
echo is_null($test);
?>

Cho ra kGt qu( l 1.

4. Resource

C nh9ng lc PHP c-n xQ l cc +Ci t,ng nh kGt nCi c" sO d9 liPu hay cc +Ci t,ng c@a hP
+iLu hnh. Chng sR +,c coi l resource.

Ni chung trong h-u hGt cc tr!ng h,p, b?n thNm ch ko nhNn ra viPc mnh c ph(i +ang lm
viPc v0i resource hay ko.

Bi 3: K8t hIp PHP v HTML

Ni +Gn PHP, ng!i ta ni +Gn lNp trnh web. Ni +Gn HTML, ng!i ta cTng ni +Gn lm web.
VNy ko c l g HTML v PHP l?i ko +i +,c cng v0i nhau! Bi 3 sR +L cNp t0i m8t vDn +L rDt
pha biGn khi lNp trnh PHP: KGt h,p m PHP v0i HTML.

Tr0c hGt, chng ta hy dnh t pht tm hi5u cch th;c ho?t +8ng c@a World Wide Web
(WWW).

Hy tOng t,ng, b?n +ang muCn truy cNp trang web www.example.com/welcome.html. B?n
mO trnh duyPt web, g vo +=a chJ: www.example.com/welcome.html v bDm Enter. Trang
web sR hiPn ra, g-n nh ngay t;c kh2c (O +y ko ni +Gn m?ng dial up siu chNm nh )

VNy, +iLu g + x(y ra t' lc b?n bDm Enter cho +Gn lc trang web xuDt hiPn? Hy cng t0 xem
xt nh9ng +o?n bMng "behind the scene" ny:

1. Ngay sau khi b?n bDm Enter, trnh duyPt b?n +ang dng sR gQi m8t thng +iPp (message) ln
m?ng, cho biGt b?n +ang muCn yu c-u (request) trang www.example.com/welcome.html
2. Thng +iPp + +,c chuy5n t0i my tnh t?i +=a chJ www.example.com/welcome.html
3. My ch@ trn my tnh + sR nhNn +,c thng +iPp v b2t +-u tm kiGm file HTML +,c yu
c-u.
4. My ch@ gQi file HTML + vL my tnh v'a yu c-u (chnh l my tnh c@a b?n). NGu ko tm
thDy file HTML +,c yu c-u, +"n gi(n l my ch@ sR tr( l?i m8t thng bo l\i.
5. Trnh duyPt c@a b?n, sau khi nhNn vL trang HTML, sR hi5n th= n ra mn hnh.

U b0c th; 4, nGu file b?n yu c-u l 1 file mang +ui .php, thay v gQi tr( l?i n8i dung nguyn
gCc c@a file, my ch@ sR l-n l,t thYc hiPn thm cc b0c:
1. Qut file trong chG +8 HTML, gQi tr( vL n8i dung HTML.
2. Ngay khi gHp <?php, my ch@ sR chuy5n sang chG +8 PHP, b2t +-u thYc thi cc lPnh PHP
cho +Gn khi gHp ?>. Hi5n nhin nGu cc lPnh PHP c output, my ch@ sR tr( nh9ng output +
cho trnh duyPt.
3. KGt thc chG +8 PHP (ra ngoi ?>), my ch@ quay l?i chG +8 HTML.
Qu trnh c; thG tiGp tSc, cho +Gn khi kGt thc file .php.

VNy l + xong ph-n ni ngoi lL. Gi! ta b2t +-u vo Bi 3.

U Bi 1, t0 + cng cc b?n viGt ch"ng trnh +-u tin, Hello World, b]ng PHP. Gi! thQ nhn
m8t file .php cTng mang n8i dung Hello World:
HTML Code:

<html>
<head>
<title>Hello World</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello World!</p>
</body>
</html>

Nh v dS trn +y, cc b?n c th5 thDy: By chJ +"n thu-n l m8t file HTML, mang +ui .php.
Cheng c g +Hc biPt! V khi trnh duyPt yu c-u file ny, my ch@ chJ viPc gQi tr( n8i dung
nguyn gCc m ko c-n ph(i xQ l m8t cht lPnh no c(.

Gi! hy thQ nng cDp file .php + b]ng cch thm vo n m8t cht m PHP:
PHP Code:
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo "<p>Hello World!</p>";
?>
</body>
</html>

Khi ch?y script ny, kGt qu( khi view source code cTng ko khc g v dS +-u tin. ChJ c cch
lm l khc, thay v chJ sQ dSng HTML, ta kGt h,p c( PHP v HTML trong cng m8t file.

Gi!, nGu ta muCn in ra mn hnh ch9 Hello O m8t dng, v World O m8t dng, ta sR lm ntn?

NGu cc b?n c biGt vL HTML, th sR nghE ngay +Gn thI <br />:
PHP Code:
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo "<p>Hello<br />World!</p>";
?>
</body>
</html>

KGt qu( output thNt mb mn v cheng c g +ng ni.

Tuy vNy, nGu cc b?n cn nh0, t0 + t'ng ni \n c th5 dng +5 xuCng dng trong PHP. VNy,
th'a th2ng xng ln, b?n sR thay <br /> b]ng \n:
PHP Code:
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo "<p>Hello\nWorld!</p>";
?>
</body>
</html>

KGt qu(? ThDt b?i. Trn mn hnh, ch9 Hello v World vdn n]m cng m8t dng. T?i sao l?i nh
vNy? Lm thG no +5 gi(i quyGt vDn +L ny?

Tr( l!i: \n +ng l +5 xuCng dng, nhng + l xuCng dng trong PHP output, n ko +(m b(o
viPc xuCng dng khi ci PHP output + +,c trnh duyPt xQ l d0i d?ng m HTML.

B5 trnh duyPt xQ l chnh xc nh9ng vDn +L ntn, ta cho ton b8 xu + vo thI <pre>, thI
quyGt +=nh viPc gi9 nguyn +=nh d?ng c@a xu:
PHP Code:
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo "<p><pre>Hello\nWorld!</pre></p>";
?>
</body>
</html>

M8t l-n n9a, kGt qu( hiPn ra thNt mb mn.

Ta xt thm m8t v dS n9a.
PHP Code:
<?php
print_r($_SERVER);
?>

Script trn lm tr g vNy ta? Cha c-n biGt print_r v $_SERVER l g, b?n chJ c-n thDy
+o?n n output ra mDy dng sau: (t0 ph(i post (nh v UDS ko cho php +a +o?n vo bi
viGt)


Ph(n ;ng +-u tin? B?n sR thDy h"i chng mHt ph(i ko ?? B?n sR tY h_i: NhiLu th; thG kia viGt
lu ru vo nhau th ai m +$c +,c? T?i sao ko tch dng ra ch;?

, ni +Gn tch dng, b?n sR nh0 ngay t0i thI <pre> m t0 ni bn trn. B?n sR thm n vo
script c@a mnh:
PHP Code:
<?php
echo "<pre>";
print_r($_SERVER);
echo "</pre>";
?>

KGt qu( tr( vL ko th5 ni l d` +$c, m ph(i ni l rDt d` +$c , tuy (c th5) b?n cheng hi5u ci
g sDt!

Hy t?m hi lng v0i nh9ng g mnh v'a lm +,c v th gin m8t cht tr0c khi ta b0c vo
Bi 4.

BNt m tr0c: Chng ta + biGt t0i hm var_dump in ra ki5u v gi tr= c@a biGn, hm print_r (b?n
+on l) in ra cc gi tr= c@a m8t ci $_SERVER g +. VNy trong Bi 4, ta sR cng tm hi5u
print_r l g, sQ dSng ra sao, v cn nh9ng hm no nh vNy n9a.

Bi 4: Cc ton t5

B5 thYc hiPn viPc tnh ton cc gi tr= trong PHP, ta sQ dSng ton tQ (operator).

1. Gn (assignment)

Ton tQ gn (dDu =) +,c sQ dSng hGt s;c +"n gi(n. V dS:
PHP Code:
<?php
$a =1;
$b =1;
$c ="cool";
?>

Sau v dS, biGn $a v $b mang gi tr= 1, $c mang gi tr= "cool".

B5 cho ng2n g$n, thay v ph(i mDt 2 dng khai bo $a v $b, ta c th5 g8p:
PHP Code:
<?php
$a =$b =1;
// Ho+c: $b =$a =1;
?>

KGt qu( vdn +ng nh mong +,i.

2. Ton t5 sH h/c (arithmetic)

Cc ton tQ ny g^m c: + (c8ng - addition), - (tr' - subtraction), * (nhn - multiplication), / (chia
- division) v % (tnh modul - modulus).

V dS:
PHP Code:
<?php
$a =10;
$b =5;
$c =$a +$b; // $c =15
$d =$c - $a; // $d =5
$e =$a / $b; // $e =2
$f =$e * $b; // $f =10
$g =$a % $e; // $g =0
?>

Ngoi ra, +5 sau khi tnh ton, gi tr= $a b]ng $a nhn 2 cheng h?n, thay v viGt $a = $a * 2; ta
c th5 viGt ng2n g$n: $a *= 2;

T"ng tY, c th5 viGt $a += 10; $a -= 1; $a /= 3; $a %= 1; CDu trc ny rDt giCng C v C++, nn
nGu b?n + biGt qua 2 ngn ng9 ny th ko c g ph(i bc ngc.

3. Ton t5 so snh (comparision)

Ton tQ so snh g^m nh9ng ton tQ sau:

== Mang gi tr= TRUE khi 2 vG mang cng gi tr=
=== Mang gi tr= TRUE khi 2 vG mang cng gi tr= V cng ki5u
!= Mang gi tr= TRUE khi 2 vG ko cng gi tr=
<> Mang gi tr= TRUE khi 2 vG ko cng gi tr=
!== Mang gi tr= TRUE khi 2 vG ko cng gi tr= HOkC ko cng ki5u
< Mang gi tr= TRUE khi vG tri mang gi tr= nh_ h"n vG ph(i
> Mang gi tr= TRUE khi vG tri mang gi tr= l0n h"n vG ph(i
<= Mang gi tr= TRUE khi vG tri mang gi tr= nh_ h"n hoHc b]ng vG ph(i
>= Mang gi tr= TRUE khi vG tri mang gi tr= l0n h"n hoHc b]ng vG ph(i

Ta sR viGt l $a == $b, $a !== $b, $a > $b...

V dS:
PHP Code:
<?php
"123" ==123 // #ng
"123" ===123 // Sai
"123" ==="123" // #ng
?>

Cn m8t lo?i ton tQ so snh n9a, +,c viGt d0i d?ng:

exp1 ? exp2 : exp3

V dS:
PHP Code:
<?php
$a =($b >1) ? 2 : 1;
?>

C th5 gi(i thch nh sau: NGu $b > 1 th $a mang gi tr= 2, cn ko $a mang gi tr= 1.

4. Ton t5 logic (logical)

G^m c:

&& Mang gi tr= TRUE nGu c( 2 vG +Lu l TRUE
|| Mang gi tr= TRUE nGu m8t trong 2 vG l TRUE
! Mang gi tr= TRUE nGu vG c gi tr= FALSE
xor Mang gi tr= TRUE nGu c +ng 1 trong 2 vG l TRUE

Ta viGt: $a && $b, $a xor $b...

C th5 dng "and" thay cho && v "or" thay cho || cTng ko sao.

5. Ton t5 bit (bitwise)

Ton tQ +5 xQ l bit bao g^m:

& Php And
| Php Or
^ Php Xor
~ Php Not
<< Php Shift Left
>> Php Shift Right

C th5 viGt $a >> 2, $b | $c,...

6. Ton t5 dng trong xu

B5 nCi 2 xu, ta dng ton tQ nCi xu (concatenation), bi5u di`n b]ng dDu chDm (.)

V dS $a . $b, "Xu" . "M8t xu khc"

Hi5n nhin c th5 viGt $a .= "M8t xu no +"

6. Ton t5 dng trong mAng

+ G8p 2 m(ng (union)
== So snh b]ng, mang gi tr= TRUE nGu cc ph-n tQ c@a 2 m(ng mang cng kha & gi tr= (c
th5 th; tY khc nhau)
!= hoHc <> Mang gi tr= TRUE nGu cc ph-n tQ c@a 2 m(ng ko cng kha & gi tr=
=== So snh b]ng, mang gi tr= TRUE nGu cc ph-n tQ c@a 2 m(ng mang cng kha & gi tr= &
th; tY giCng nhau
!== Mang gi tr= TRUE nGu 2 m(ng ko giCng hPt nhau (non-identical)

7. Cc ton t5 khc

Cc ton tQ khc c th5 k5 +Gn ton tQ tY tMng (auto-increment) v tY gi(m (auto-decrement),
k hiPu t"ng ;ng l ++ v --.

V dS $a++, $b--, --$c, ++$d

M8t ton tQ khc l ton tQ @, cho php PHP b_ qua l\i c@a m8t l-n g$i hm.

V dS:

$test = @file('B?n ko c quyLn s! +Gn file ny');

TCn d6ng m nguJn c sKn b:ng cch include file

Sau khi +$c xong bi SQ dSng hm trong PHP, b?n sR c trong tay rDt nhiLu hm c-n thiGt khi
code. SC l,ng hm ny ch2c ch2n sR tMng d-n theo th!i gian.

V dS b?n +ang viGt rDt nhiLu hm vL tnh ton v0i hnh trn:
PHP Code:
function tinh_dien_tich_hinh_tron($ban_kinh) {
// code
}

function tinh_chu_vi_hinh_tron($ban_kinh) {
// code
}

// r)t nhi5u hm khc

Thay v copy v paste cc hm trn vo tDt c( cc file dnh dng +Gn viPc tnh ton v0i hnh
trn, b?n hy cho nh9ng hm + vo 1 file ring, +Ht tn l hinh_tron.php cheng h?n. M\i l-n
muCn sQ dSng cc hm trong file hinh_tron.php +, b?n chJ viPc include n vo file hiPn t?i b]ng
m8t trong cc cch sau:

1. Dng include
PHP Code:
include(tn_file);

2. Dng require
PHP Code:
require(tn_file);

File +,c include c th5 mang +=nh d?ng bDt kW, php, inc, lib... ty b?n ch$n.

Cu h_i 1: include v0i require lm g?

Khi b?n include/require 1 file no +, ko c-n biGt file + mang +=nh d?ng g, PHP sR qut n8i
dung file + v b2t +-u xQ l 2 tr!ng h,p:
- V0i nh9ng +o?n n]m trong thI php, PHP sR thYc thi nh v0i file PHP thng th!ng
- V0i nh9ng +o?n n]m ngoi thI php, PHP sR output ra mn hnh

Cu h_i 2: include khc require O ch\ no?

M8t file +,c include nGu (cheng may) ko t^n t?i sR khiGn PHP bo l\i, tuy nhin ph-n cn l?i
c@a script vdn sR +,c thYc thi.
Ng,c l?i, m8t file +,c require nGu (xui xIo) ko t^n t?i sR khiGn PHP +;ng lun, ko ch?y tiGp
script. Ni cch khc, file +,c require l file tCi quan tr$ng, (nh hOng t0i viPc thYc thi 1 script.

Ngoi viPc sQ dSng include v require, b?n cn c th5 dng include_once v require_once. VL
c" b(n, include v include_once giCng nhau. require v require_once cTng thG.

Bi5m khc biPt l khi sQ dSng require_once hay include_once, file + chJ +,c include +ng 1
l-n duy nhDt.

Hy xt 1 v dS: B?n c 3 script A, B, C. Trong + A include B, B include C v C include l?i A.

NGu b?n chJ dng include() trong c( 3 tr!ng h,p, ch2c ch2n PHP sR bo l\i. B5 trnh tr!ng
h,p ny, b?n chJ viPc sQa 3 ci include() thnh include_once() => VDn +L +,c gi(i quyGt!

CMu trc iEu khi,n trong PHP

Cc cu lPnh +iLu kiPn: cc cu lPnh ny cho php chng ta phn biPt cc khCi m lPnh m sR
+,c thYc thi chJ khi gHp ph(i cc +iPu kiPn no +. PHP cung cDp hai cDu trc lPnh +iLu kiPn.
B-u tin l if...elseif...else, cho php chng ta c th5 ki5m tra m8t sC l,ng cc bi5u th;c v
thYc thi cc cu lPnh theo gi tr= c@a chng. NGu chng ta mong muCn ki5m tra m8t bi5u th;c
+"n lI v0i m8t sC l,ng cc gi tr=, PHP cTng cung cDp m8t cDu trc switch...case m c th5
lm +"n gi(n ho +i php ton ny.

1) Cu lDnh If: Cu lDnh If l mBt trong nh>ng !c tnh quan tr/ng nhMt cNa mOi ngn ng>
lCp trnh. N cho php thPc thi ch/n lPa cc dng m lDnh chQ khi thoA mn cc iEu kiDn
c6 th,.
Cheng h?n:

PHP Code:
if ($country=="ca")echo ("Canada");//Canada "(4c in ra khi bi.n $country l ca

NGu nhiLu h"n m8t cu lPnh +,c thYc hiPn khi tho mn +iLu kiPn th sQ dSng dDu {} +5 chJ ra
nh9ng dng lPnh no l n]m trong khCi if:

//Canada sR chJ +,c in nGu biGn $country l ca
PHP Code:
if ($country=="ca"){

echo("Canada");

echo("Ottawa");

}

BiLu kiPn +,c ki5m tra trong dDu {} ph(i tr( vL gi tr= Boolean, hoHc l true hoHc l false. CTng
nh bDt kW +iLu kiPn no m khng +,c tho mn, zero hay l chu\i r\ng (""), cc gi tr=
khng +,c +=nh nghEa th tDt c( +Lu tr( vL gi tr= l false. Cc +iLu kiPn c th5 +,c nCi v0i
nhau b]ng cc ton tQ logic and (&&), or(||) v xor.V dS nh sau:

PHP Code:
if (((4 <5) && (3 >2)) xor (5 ==5)) echo ("This will not print");

Cc +iLu kiPn phn nhnh: NGu +iLu kiPn +,c ki5m tra m tr( vL false, th PHP cho php ta
chJ ra m8t khCi lPnh khc c-n +,c thYc hiPn b]ng cch dng t' kho else. M\i th; trong khCi
m lPnh thYc thi +iLu kiPn ny +,c xem nh l m8t phn nhnh v m\i nhnh ph(i +,c +=nh
v= trong cc dDu ngoHc nGu ch;c nhiLu h"n m8t dng lPnh.V dS:

PHP Code:
if ($h <0) {

echo ("Negative");

}else {

echo ("Positive");

}

PHP cTng cung cDp t' kho elseif +5 ki5m tra cc +iLu kiPn lYa ch$n nGu +iLu kiPn trong cu
lPnh if l khng +ng. M8t sC cu lPnh elseif c th5 +,c sQ dSng v0i cu lPnh if. Nhnh else
cuCi cng cho php chng ta +=nh v= +o?n m m nn +,c thYc hiPn nGu c( +iLu kiPn if v
elseif +Lu khng +ng.

PHP Code:
if ($h <0) {

echo ("Negative");

}elseif ($h ==0) {

echo ("Zero");

}else {

echo ("Positive");

}

Ta cTng c th5 ki5m tra nh9ng +iLu kiPn hon ton khc nhau khi sQ dSng elseif:
PHP Code:
if ($country =="ca") {

// do something ...

}elseif ($position =="h") {

// do something else ...

}

Ch : c( hai +iLu kiPn trn +Lu l true, nhng chJ c nhnh lPnh th; nhDt l +,c thYc hiPn.

CTng c th5 sQ dSng cc cu lPnh if l^ng nhau trong cu lPnh if khc.V dS:
PHP Code:
if ($country =="ca") {

if ($position =="h") {

echo ("Human resources positions in Canada.");

}elseif ($position =="a") {

echo ("Accounting positions in Canada.");

}

}


Cc cu lPnh trn cTng t"ng tY nh sau:
PHP Code:
if ($country =="ca" && $position =="h") {

echo ("Human resources positions in Canada.");

}elseif ($country =="ca" && $position =="a") {

echo ("Accounting positions in Canada.");

}

PHP cTng cung cDp m8t c php lYa ch$n cho cu lPnh if,+ l if....endif.V dS:
PHP Code:
if ($country =="ca"):

echo ("Canada");

elseif ($country =="cr"):

echo ("Costa Rica");

else:

echo ("the United States");

endif;

2) Cu lDnh switch: %Ic s5 d6ng khi mBt bi8n ring rS ang %Ic ki,m tra so v&i cc
gi tr< khc.
V dS:
PHP Code:
switch ($country) {

case "ca":

echo ("Canada");

break;

case "uk":

echo ("the United Kingdom");

break;

default:

echo ("the United States");

}

Khi cu lPnh switch thYc hiPn ki5m tra gi tr= c@a biGn $country v so snh n v0i m\i m8t trong
cc gi tr= trong cc mPnh +L case. Khi m8t gi tr= thch h,p +,c tm thDy, cc cu lPnh kGt
h,p v0i case +,c thYc hiPn cho +Gn khi gHp cu lPnh break. Cn nGu khng tm ra +,c gi
tr= thch h,p no th cu lPnh default sR +,c thYc hiPn. Ch r]ng lPnh switch trong PHP th
linh ho?t h"n nhiLu so v0i h-u hGt cc ngn ng9 khc. Khng giCng nh C, Java v ngay c(
JavaScript, cc gi tr= case cTng c th5 l m8t trong cc lo?i v h0ng, bao g^m tDt c( cc sC
,cc chu\i v ngay c( cc biGn.V dS:
PHP Code:
$val =6;$a =5;$b =6;

switch ($val) {

case $a:

echo ("five");

break;

case $b:

echo ("six");

break;

default:

echo ("$val");

}

Cc m(ng v cc +Ci t,ng chJ l nh9ng lo?i d9 liPu l khng ph(i l nh9ng nhn +ng c@a
case trong PHP.

Vng l!p: Cc vng l!p chnh l cc ph%'ng tiDn cNa viDc thPc thi mBt khHi m lDnh
trong mBt sH l)n cho tr%&c hay l cho 8n khi g!p phAi mBt iEu kiDn nhMt <nh. PHP c
hai lo3i vng l!p: vng l!p while ki,m tra iEu kiDn tr%&c hay l sau mOi b%&c tnh l!p i
l!p l3i v thPc hiDn l!p l3i chQ khi iEu kiDn l ng. MBt ki,u l!p khc l for, trong tr%Tng
hIp ny, sH l%Ing b%&c tnh l!p i l!p l3i %Ic qui <nh tr%&c khi l!p l)n )u v khng
th, b< thay Vi.

1. Vng l!p while: l cu lDnh l!p 'n giAn nhMt. C php t%'ng tP nh% cu lDnh if:
PHP Code:
while (condition) {

//cc cu l7nh

}

M8t vng lHp while sR ki5m tra m8t bi5u th;c Boolean. NGu bi5u th;c l false th +o?n m bn
trong dDu ngoHc mc sR +,c b_ qua. Ng,c l?i, nGu c gi tr= true th +o?n m bn trong dDu
ngoHc mc sR +,c thYc hiPn. Khi gHp dDu } th +iLu kiPn ki5m tra sR +,c thYc hiPn l?i v nGu
c gi tr= l true th +o?n m trong vng lHp sR +,c thYc hiPn l?i. BiLu ny sR tiGp tSc cho +Gn
khi gHp ph(i +iLu kiPn . Ch r]ng +iLu kiPn chJ +,c ki5m tra m\i khi b2t +-u vng lHp, bOi
vNy ngay khi sY chnh xc c@a +iLu kiPn thay +ai trong suCt +o?n gi9a c@a khCi lPnh ,th m
lPnh sR vdn +,c thYc thi cho +Gn hGt. B5 thot kh_i vo th!i +i5m s0m h"n,ta c th5 sQ dSng
lPnh break. V dS:
PHP Code:
$i =11;

while (--$i) {

if (my_function($i) =="error") {

break; // d8ng vng l+p!

}

++$num_bikes;

}

Trong v dS ny, nGu ta hnh dung r]ng hm my_function khng tr( vL bDt k l\i no th vng lHp
sR lHp +i lHp l?i 10 l-n v d'ng l?i khi biGn $i =0. Cn nGu my_function tr( vL l\i, th cu lPnh
break sR +,c thYc hiPn v vng lHp sR d'ng l?i. C nhiLu tr!ng h,p m chng ta mong
muCn kGt thc chJ khi sY lHp l?i hiPn th!i c@a vng lHp khng ph(i l ton b8 vng lHp c@a chnh
n. B5 +?t +,c +iLu ny, ta sQ dSng lPnh continue.V dS:
PHP Code:
$i =11;

while (--$i) {

if (my_function($i) =="error") {

continue;

}

++$num_bikes;

}

Bo?n m ny cTng lHp +i lHp l?i 10 l-n nGu khng c l\i no +,c tr( vL bOi hm my_function.
Tuy nhin t?i lc ny, nGu c l\i x(y ra, viPc thYc hiPn sR l0t qua sY lHp l?i kG tiGp c@a vng
lHp, m khng tMng biGn +Gm $num_bikes.Gi( sQ biGn $i vdn l0n h"n 0, vng lHp sR tiGp tSc
nh bnh th!ng.

2. Vng l!p do...while: vng l!p ny cWng giHng nh% while, ngo3i trX iEu kiDn %Ic
ki,m tra t3i cuHi mOi vng l!p, thay v l 4 )u. FiEu ny c nghYa l vng l!p sS lun
lun thPc hiDn t nhMt mBt l)n.
V dS:
PHP Code:
echo ("<SELECT name='num_parts'>\n");

$i =0;

do {

echo ("\t<OPTION value=$i>$i</OPTION>\n");

}while (++$i <$total_parts);

echo ("</SELECT>\n");

V0i +o?n m trn, gi tr= zero lun lun xuDt hiPn nh l m8t ty ch$n trong thnh ph-n
<SELECT>, ngay c( nGu biGn $total_parts=0.

Cc cu lPnh while v do...while th!ng +,c dng v0i cc ton tQ tMng hay gi(m +5 +iLu
khi5n khi no th b2t +-u v d'ng nh v dS trn. Cc biGn th!ng +,c dng cho mSc +ch
ny +i khi +,c +=nh nghEa nh l cc biGn +iLu khi5n vng lHp.Thng th!ng sQ dSng cc
cu lPnh while trong viPc +$c cc records t' m8t truy vDn c" sO d9 liPu, t' cc dng trong m8t
file hay l t' cc nhn tC trong m8t m(ng.

3. Vng l!p for: CMu trc cNa vng l!p for l kh phZc t3p h'n m!c d)u cc vng l!p for
th%Tng tiDn lIi h'n cc vng l!p while:
PHP Code:
for ($i =1; $i <11; ++$i) {

echo ("$i <BR>\n"); //In t8 1 ".n 10

}

Cu lPnh for ch;a ba bi5u th;c bn trong dDu ngoHc +"n c@a n, phn biPt v0i nhau bOi dDu
chDm ph<y.Bi5u th;c th; nhDt l m8t cu lPnh gn +5 khOi t?o biGn +iLu khi5n vng lHp. Cu
lPnh ny +,c thYc thi chJ m8t l-n tr0c sY lHp l?i l-n +-u c@a vng lHp.Bi5u th;c th; hai l
bi5u th;c Boolean m +,c thYc thi t?i +-u m\i l-n lHp. NGu gi tr= tr( vL l true th vng lHp sR
tiGp tSc thYc hiPn. NGu l false th vng lHp kGt thc. Bi5u th;c th; ba l m8t cu lPnh m thYc
thi t?i giai +o?n cuCi c@a m\i l-n lHp c@a vng lHp. N th!ng +,c dng +5 tMng hay gi(m cc
biGn +iLu khi5n vng lHp .

Hm (Functions) trong PHP

Khng th$ khng ni #8n hm trong vi;c l@p trnh, nhA c n m ch7.ng trnh cCa chng ta trD
nn dE dng tG chHc h.n. Nh7 cc ngn ngI khc, PHP c kh> nJng cung c5p nhIng hm do
ng7Ai dng tK #3nh nghLa. NOng thAi, PHP c0ng c m*t sP c>i ti8n #$ vi;c vi8t hm #79c dE
ch3u v mnh mQ h.n.

F<nh nghYa v g/i hm

RDt d` +5 <nh nghYa mBt hm trong PHP:
PHP Code:
<?php

function tn_hm([cc tham số truy5n vo ...])
{
[thn hm ...]
}

?>
- T' kho function bo cho PHP biGt r]ng +y l m8t hm. TiGp theo + l tn hm. Tn hm
c@a PHP c th5 l bDt c; k tY Unicode g (k5 c( tiGng ViPt, tiGng Trung, nhng khng +,c
php b2t +-u b]ng sC). ThNt sY m?nh mR, nhng b?n sR gHp vDn +L khi lu file +. Thi th c;
+Ht tn khng dDu l an nhDt . V dS:
PHP Code:
<?php
function this_is_một_hm()
{
echo "Hon ton h4p l7 !!!";
}
?>
- Sau tn hm l danh sch tham sC truyLn vo v ph-n thn hm. Ph-n thn hm ph(i b2t +-u
v kGt thc b]ng cHp dDu { }. Ph-n thn ny +,c thYc thi khi tn hm +Y"c g$i.

- Ch : m\i tn hm chJ +,c +=nh nghEa m8t l-n. V0i m8t sC ngn ng9 khc, hm c th5 +,c
g$i + khi danh sch tham sC truyLn vo l khc nhau (Java cheng h?n), nhng PHP th khng
c viPc +.

G/i hm cTng kh d`. B?n chJ viPc g$i tn hm cng danh sch tham sC +i km. Hay h"n, viPc
g$i hm KHNG PHN BIlT CHn HOA-CHn THopNG. Tuy nhin, khuyGn co l nn g$i
hm theo +ng tn hm + +Ht, nh thG d` qu(n l h"n.
PHP Code:
<?php

generate_left_menu_bar();
GeNeRaTe_LeFt_MEnu_BaR(); // c9ng "(4c, nh(ng khng nn dng !!!
process_user_information($current_user, "new user", 65.0);
generate_copyright_notices();
generate_left_menu_bar; // Sai !! V khng c d)u ()!!

?>

Ch v dS trn, khi g$i tn hm, lun ph(i c cHp dDu ( ) nGu hm khng nhNn tham sC no
(cn nGu nhNn tham sC th tDt nhin cHp dDu + +5 ch;a tham sC rî, ph(i khng ).

NgXng viDc thPc thi hm
- Vo bDt c; th!i +i5m no trong qu trnh thYc thi hm, b?n cTng +Lu c th5 d'ng cng viPc
c@a hm b]ng t' kho return.
PHP Code:
<?php

function work_work_work()
{
$dow =date('l');

if ($dow =='Saturday' or $dow =='Sunday')
{
// ngh; vi7c vo cu=i tu>n
return;
}

// work hard
work_harder();
}

?>
- Khi m hm work_work_work +,c g$i vo th; 7 hoHc Ch@ nhNt, n tr( vL "khng g c(", cn
nGu khng, n tr( vL gi tr= "lm viPc chMm chJ h"n +i !!" (V dS chJ mang tnh minh h$a ).

F%a tham sH vo hm

- V dS cho m8t cDu trc c" b(n:
PHP Code:
<?php

function my_new_function($param1, $param2, $param3, $param4)
{
echo <<<DONE
You passed in: <br/>
\$param1: $param1 <br/>

DONE;
}

?>
- Khi +a m8t sC tham sC vo hm, b?n ph(i phn cch chng b]ng dDu ph<y (,). B?n c th5
truyLn bDt kW tham sC no vo hm, bDt k5 l biGn, h]ng sC.. hoHc thNm ch l m8t hm khc:
PHP Code:
<?php

// g?i hm v@i nhi5u lo-i tham s= truy5n vo
my_new_function($userName, 6.22e23, pi(), $a or $b);

?>

Gi tr< trA vE cNa hm

- Thng th!ng, ng!i ta lNp trnh hm chJ +5 xQ l m8t cng viPc nhDt +=nh mang tnh lHp l?i,
v gi tr= tr( vL c@a hm l khng c (null). Nhng khng hZng tDt c( m$i tr!ng h,p +Lu nh
vNy:
PHP Code:
<?php

function is_even_number($number)
{
if (($number % 2) ==0)
return TRUE;
else
return FALSE;
}

?>
-> Hm trn c gi tr= tr( vL l m8t gi tr= boolean True hoHc False.

LTi k8t:
Hm l m8t cng cS rDt m?nh trong PHP. ViPc sQ dSng hm khng chJ +5 tCi u cc +o?n code,
n cn lm cho ch"ng trnh d` +$c h"n v thch h,p +5 lm trong m8t nhm v0i nhau.

Chc b?n thnh cng,
iSheep

Ki,u d> liDu PHP (ti8p theo - bon tren)

PHP h\ tr, tm ki5u d9 liPu nguyn thuq.
BCn ki5u thng th!ng l: boolean, integer, floating-point number(float), string.
Hai ki5u ph;c t?p l: mAng( array) v Hi t%Ing ( object). V cuCi cng l hai ki5u +Hc biPt :
resource v NULL. Lo?i d9 liPu c@a biGn thng th!ng khng +,c gn bOi ng!i lNp trnh
m +,c quyGt +=nh t?i th!i gian ch?y c@a PHP, phS thu8c vo ng9 c(nh m biGn +,c dng.

1. Boolean: +y l ki5u +"n gi(n nhDt. M8t ki5u boolean bi5u th= m8t gi tr= thNt. N c th5 l
TRUE hay FALSE.

C php: +5 chJ +=nh m8t gi tr= boolean, c th5 sQ dSng t' kho TRUE hay l FALSE. C( hai
+Lu khng phn biPt ch9 hoa hay ch9 th!ng.

V dS:
Code:
$foo=True; // gn gi tr2 TRUE cho bi.n $foo.

B5 c th5 chuy5n m8t gi tr= sang ki5u boolean, chng ta c th5 dng (bool) hay (boolean). Tuy
nhin trong h-u hGt cc tr!ng h,p b?n khng c-n ph(i sQ dSng viPc p ki5u ny, bOi gi tr= sR
+,c tY +8ng chuy5n nGu n l m8t ton tQ, hm hay l cDu trc +iLu khi5n +i h_i m8t tham sC
ki5u boolean.

Ch : -1 +,c xem l TRUE, giCng nh cc gi tr= khc 0 khc ( bDt k5 l sC d"ng hay m).

2. Integer: l mBt tCp hIp bao gJm cc sH {...,-2,-1,0,1,2,...}.
C php: Integer c th5 +,c chJ +=nh trong c" sC 10, c" sC thNp lSc phn hay c" sC bt phn,
tuW ch$n +i tr0c bOi dDu - hay +. NGu b?n sQ dSng v0i c" sC bt phn, b?n ph(i theo th; tY
v0i 0 +;ng tr0c, cn +Ci v0i sC thNp lSc phn th 0x.

V dS nh sau:
Code:
$a =1234; #s= thAp phn

$a =-123; #s= m

$a =0123; #s= bt phn

$a =0x1A; #s= thAp lBc phn

Kch th0c c@a ki5u d9 liPu ny l 32bit, v PHP khng h\ tr, ki5u unsigned integer. NGu b?n
chJ +=nh m8t sC v,t qua bin c@a ki5u d9 liPu integer, n sR +,c xem nh ki5u float. T"ng
tY nh vNy, khi b?n thYc hiPn m8t php ton m kGt qu( tr( vL l m8t sC v,t qua bin c@a
ki5u integer, th ki5u float sR +,c tr( vL. Tuy nhin, c m8t l\i trong PHP m khng ph(i bao
gi! +iLu ny cTng +ng, n lin quan +Gn cc sC m. Cheng h?n, khi b?n thYc hiPn -50000*
$million, kGt qu( sR l 429496728. Tuy nhin, khi c( hai ton tQ +Lu l sC d"ng th khng c
vDn +L g x(y ra.

B5 chuy5n m8t gi tr= sang ki5u integer, ta c th5 dng ton tQ p ki5u (int) hay (integer). Tuy
nhin, trong h-u hGt cc tr!ng h,p b?n khng c-n ph(i dng ton tQ p ki5u +, bOi gi tr= sR
+,c tY +8ng chuy5n sang nGu ton tQ, hm hay cDu trc +iLu khi5n +i h_i m8t +Ci sC integer.

3. Ki5u sC thYc (floats,doubles,hay real numbers) : c th5 +,c chJ +=nh b]ng cch sQ dSng
m8t trong cc c php sau:
Code:
$a =1.234; $a =1.2e3; $a =7E-10;

Kch cc c@a ki5u float ty thu8c vo platform, gi tr= l0n nhDt l xDp xJ 1.8e308


4. String: l nh9ng chu\i cc k tY.Trong PHP,m8t k tY cTng t"ng tY nh m8t byte,do + c
chnh xc 256 k tY khc nhau.

C php: c th5 khai bo b]ng ba cch khc nhau nh sau:

DDu nhy +"n: cch d` dng nhDt +5 chJ +=nh m8t chu\i +"n gi(n l +ng n trong m8t dDu
nhy +"n.V dS:echo 'le bao vy';

DDu nhy kp: nGu chu\i +,c +ng trong dDu nhy kp("),PHP hi5u sR c thm cc chu\i
cho cc k tY +Hc biPt ..... V dS: \n;\t;\\;\$;

Heredoc: cc khc +5 phn +=nh chu\i l sQ dSng c php ("<<<"). ChJ nn cung cDp m8t +=nh
danh sau <<<, sau + l chu\i v tiGp l cng tn +=nh danh +5 +ng dDu nhy. B=nh danh dng
+5 +ng ph(i b2t +-u b]ng c8t +-u tin c@a dng. B=nh danh +,c dng ph(i c tn giCng nh
trong cc quy luNt +Ht tn biGn trong PHP.

5. M(ng : l m8t danh sch cc ph-n tQ c cng ki5u d9 liPu.M(ng c th5 l m(ng m8t chiLu
hay nhiLu chiLu.

M(ng m8t chiLu c chJ mSc: l m(ng +,c qu(n l b]ng cch sQ dSng chJ sC d0i ki5u
integer +5 bi5u th= v= tr c@a gi tr= yu c-u.C php: $name[index1];

V dS: m8t m(ng m8t chiLu c th5 +,c t?o ra nh sau:

Code:
$meat[0]="chicken";

$meat[1]="steak";

$meat[2]="turkey";

NGu b?n thYc thi dng lPnh sau: print $meat[1]; th trn trnh duyPt sR hi5n th= dng sau: steak.

B?n cTng c th5 sQ dSng hm array( ) c@a PHP +5 t?o ra m8t m(ng.V dS:

Code:
$meat=array("chicken","steak","turkey");
M(ng m8t chiLu kGt h,p: rDt thuNn l,i khi dng +5 nh x? m8t m(ng sQ dSng cc t' h"n l sQ
dSng cc integer, n gip ta gi(m b0t th!i gian v cc m yu c-u +5 hi5n th= m8t gi tr= cS th5.
V dS: b?n muCn ghi l?i tDt c( cc th;c Mn v cc cHp r,u ngon.

Code:
$pairings["zinfandel"] ="Broiled Veal Chops";

$pairings["merlot"] ="Baked Ham";

$pairings["sauvignon"] ="Prime Rib";
M8t cch khc l b?n c th5 sQ dSng hm array( ) c@a PHP +5 t?o ra m8t m(ng lo?i ny, v dS
nh sau:

Code:
$pairings =array( zinfandel =>"Broiled Veal Chops",

merlot =>"Baked Ham",sauvignon =>"Prime Rib",

sauternes =>"Roasted Salmon";
M(ng nhiLu chiLu c chJ mSc: ch;c nMng c@a n cTng giCng nh m(ng m8t chiLu c chJ mSc,
ngo?i tr' viPc n c thm m8t m(ng chJ mSc +,c dng +5 chJ +=nh m8t ph-n tQ. C php:
$name[index1] [index2]..[indexN];

M8t m(ng hai chiLu c chJ mSc +,c t?o ra nh sau:

Code:
$position =$chess_board[5][4];
M(ng +a chiLu kGt h,p: kh h9u ch trong PHP. Gi( sQ b?n muCn ghi l?i cc cHp r,u-th;c
Mn, khng chJ lo?i r,u, m c( nh s(n xuDt. B?n c th5 thYc hiPn nh sau:

Code:
$pairings["Martinelli"] ["zinfandel"] ="Broiled Veal Chops";

$pairings["Beringer"] ["merlot"] ="Baked Ham";

$pairings["J arvis"] ["sauvignon"] ="Prime Rib";

6. Object: b?n c th5 xem object nh l m8t biGn m minh ho? m8t ki5u mdu template +,c g$i
l class. Khi niPm c@a +Ci t,ng v l0p +,c sQ dSng nhiLu trong ngn ng9 lNp trnh h0ng
+Ci t,ng OOP. Khng giCng nh cc ki5u d9 liPu khc trong PHP, object ph(i +,c khai
bo.BiLu quan tr$ng l ph(i nhNn ra r]ng object khng h"n g m8t minh ho? c@a m8t l0p, v
ho?t +8ng nh l m8t khun mdu cho viPc t?o cc object c cc +Hc tnh v ch;c nMng cS th5.
Cho nn, l0p(class) ph(i +,c +=nh nghEa tr0c khi khai bo m8t object. B5 khOi t?o m8t +Ci
t,ng, b?n sQ dung cu lPnh new +5 minh ho? +Ci t,ng v0i m8t biGn.V dS:

Code:
<?php

class foo{

function do_foo(){

echo "Doing foo.";

}

}

$bar =new foo;

$bar->do_foo();

?>
7. Resource: l m8t biGn +Hc biPt, ch;a m8t tham chiGu +Gn m8t resource bn ngoi. Cc
resource +,c t?o ra v sQ dSng bOi cc hm +Hc biPt.
Gi(i phng resources: bOi do tham chiGu +Gm c@a hP thCng +,c gi0i thiPu trong PHP4 Zend-
engine, n sR tY +8ng pht hiPn khi m8t resource khng c-n thiGt cho lu di. Khi O trong
tr!ng h,p ny, tDt c( cc resource m + +,c dng cho resource ny +,c gi(i phng bOi
"b8 phNn thu nhHt rc". Do +, hiGm khi thNt sY c-n thiGt +5 gi(i phng b8 nh0 thng th!ng
b]ng cch sQ dSng hm free_result().

8. NULL: gi tr= NULL +Hc biPt dng +5 th5 hiPn m8t biGn khng c gi tr=. M8t biGn +,c xem l
NULL nGu:

o N +,c gn gi tr= h]ng sC NULL.

o N cha +,c khOi t?o gi tr= no.

o N l hm unset( )

Ch thch: unset () l m8t hm dng +5 h@y b_ cc biGn chJ +=nh.

C php: chJ c m8t lo?i gi tr= c@a ki5u NULL. B?n c th5 khai bo nh v dS sau:
Code:
$var=NULL;

Lm viDc v&i mAng trong PHP

Cc v5n #( chnh sQ #79c #( c@p:
- Lm th8 no #$ to 1 m>ng trong PHP.
- Cch duy;t qua t5t c> cc ph,n tR trong 1 m>ng.
- S. l79c v( m>ng nhi(u chi(u

M4 )u

M(ng l m8t cch hiPu qu( +5 nhm m8t l,ng d9 liPu l?i v0i nhau thnh m8t khCi duy nhDt.
M(ng trong PHP cTng nh cc ngn ng9 khc (C/Java/VB), n bao g^m 2 ph-n: kho v gi tr=
(key v value). Nhng vdn c sY khc biPt, cc kho v gi tr= trong PHP +,c dng m8t cch
tY do, khng theo m8t rng bu8c qu m;c no c(. B?n hon ton c th5 dng m8t chu\i +5 lm
kho, cTng nh nhm cc gi tr= khng cng ki5u d9 liPu v0i nhau l?i lm thnh m8t m(ng.

SK khc bi;t trong cch sR dSng m>ng cCa PHP v-i cc ngn ngI khc

T?o v thm d9 liPu vo m(ng

M(ng +,c t?o d` dng b]ng t' kho array, v c th5 thm d9 liPu ngay trong ph-n n8i dung
c@a m(ng. NGu b?n thch dng m8t key theo thch c@a mnh th c th5 dng ton t' => +5
thm d9 liPu (value) cho key +.

H"i kh hi5u, nhng b?n hy xem nh9ng v dS d0i +y +5 biGt r h"n vL cch t?o m(ng cTng
nh cch lu tr9 gi tr= trong m(ng c@a PHP:
PHP Code:
<?php

// PHP tC "$ng gn key khi b-n t-o m$t mDng, bEt ">u t8 key 0
// trong v dB d(@i, key 0 c gi tr2 l "Piper",
// t(!ng tC cho key 1, 2 v 3.
$airplanes =array("Piper", "Cessna", "Beech", "Cirrus");

// Chng ta c9ng c thF t-o key theo thch cGa chng ta,
//khng bEt bu$c phDi l s=
$home =array("size" =>1800, "style" =>"ranch",
"yearBuilt" =>1955, "numBeds" =>3,
"numBaths" =>2, "price" =>150000);
?>

PHP Code:
<?php

// key cGa m$t mDng khng bEt bu$c bEt ">u phDi l 0.
// ChHng h-n, key 123 "(4c dng lm key bEt ">u trong v dB ny.
$noises[123] ="hissssssss";

// v khi khai bo nh( th. ny, key ti.p theo cGa mDng sI l 124
$noises[] ="gobble gobble";

?>

Truy xuDt vo 1 ph-n tQ c@a m(ng

B?n c th5 truy xuDt ph-n tQ c@a m(ng b]ng cch g$i key c@a n:
PHP Code:
<?php
// v dB v5 cch g?i key l 1 s=
$breads =array("baguette", "naan", "roti", "pita");
echo "I like to eat ". $breads[3] . "<br/>\n";

$computer =array("processor" =>"Muncheron 6000",
"memory" =>2048, "HDD1" =>80000,
"graphics" =>"NTI Monster GFI q9000");

// v dB v5 cch g?i key l 1 chuJi
echo "My computer has a " . $computer['processor']
. " processor<br/>\n";

?>

Xo ph-n tQ kh_i m(ng

B5 xo 1 ph-n tQ no + c@a m(ng, b?n dng t' kha unset cho ph-n tQ +:
PHP Code:
<?php

$drinks =array("Coffee", "Caf au Lait", "Mocha", "Espresso",
"Americano", "Latte");
unset($drinks[3]); // xa ph>n tK "Mocha" khLi mDng.

?>
Cn muCn xo ton b8 ph-n tQ c@a m(ng, b?n cTng dng t' kho unset, nhng cho ton b8
m(ng:
PHP Code:
<?php

unset($drinks); // mDng $drinks giM " b2 xa s-ch d0 li7u

?>
BGm sC ph-n tQ c@a m(ng

SQ dSng t' kho count:
PHP Code:
<?php

$elems =count($drinks);

// k.t quD sI l 6.
echo "The array \$drinks has $elems elements<br/>\n";

?>

II. DuyDt tMt cA cc ph)n t5 cNa mAng

Vng lHp foreach
PHP Code:
foreach (array as [key =>] values)
khối l7nh

Vng lHp ny sR duyPt qua t'ng ph-n tQ m8t trong m(ng, n sQ dSng m8t biGn cho tr0c +5
t?o m8t b(ng copy ph-n tQ m n +ang duyPt t0i v xQ l trn biGn +. Vng lHp kGt thc khi
khng cn ph-n tQ no +5 duyPt.
PHP Code:
<?php

foreach ($drinks as $drink)
{
echo "We serve $drink<br/>\n";
}

?>

Vng lHp thng th!ng (for)

Vng lHp for hon ton c th5 +,c dng +5 duyPt qua tDt c( cc key c@a m(ng:
PHP Code:
<?php


for ($x =0; $x <count($drinks); $x++)
{
echo "We serve '$drinks[$x]'<br/>\n";
}

?>

III. MAng nhiEu chiEu (Multi-Dimensional Arrays)

RDt nhiLu tr!ng h,p b?n muCn lu tr9 nhiLu m(ng trong 1 m(ng c sZn. Khi +, chng ta c
m(ng m8t nhiLu chiLu. V rDt may m2n l PHP h\ tr, rDt m?nh mR v d` dng trong viPc t?o
m(ng nhiLu chiLu.

ThNt vNy, +y l cch m m(ng nhiLu chiLu +,c t?o trong PHP :
PHP Code:
<?php

$bikes =array();
$bikes["Tourmeister"] =array("name" =>"Grande Tour Meister",
"engine_cc" =>1100,
"price" =>12999);
$bikes["Slasher1000"] =array("name" =>"Slasher XYZ 1000",
"engine_cc" =>998,
"price" =>11450);
$bikes["OffRoadster"] =array("name" =>"Off-Roadster",
"engine_cc" =>550,
"price" =>"4295");

?>
Cn +y l cch truy xuDt vo cc ph-n tQ c@a m(ng nhiLu chiLu:
PHP Code:
<?php

$names =array_keys($bikes);

foreach ($names as $name)
{
print $bikes[$name] . " costs: " . $bikes[$name]["price"]
. "<br/>\n";
}

?>

IV. LTi k8t

M(ng l m8t khai bo rDt d` dng trong PHP. ViPc h$c vL m(ng thNt ra khng c g kh, chJ c-n
+$c qua cc v dS, b?n cTng hon ton c th5 rt ra cho mnh +,c ph"ng th;c m PHP t?o
m8t m(ng +"n gi(n.

Have fun.

Tm ki8m v thay th8 trong xu v&i Regular Expression

U bi tr0c, chng ta + xem xt qua m8t sC hm th!ng gHp khi xQ l xu trong PHP. B5 tm
kiGm trong xu, ta c th5 dng strpos() hoHc substr(), nhng v0i nh9ng hm ny ta chJ c th5
tm kiGm m8t cch hGt s;c h?n chG. Hy thQ tOng t,ng, nGu b?n muCn ki5m tra xem 1 xu
c ph(i l m8t +=a chJ IP, hay m8t +=a chJ email +ng +2n hay ko, sR ph(i sQ dSng rDt nhiLu cu
lPnh if.

Trong nh9ng tr!ng h,p nh thG ny, ta sR sQ dSng Regular Expression. Regular Expression,
viGt t2t l RegEx, c rDt nhiLu +=nh nghEa. By l m8t trong sC cc +=nh nghEa +"n gi(n nhDt:

Regular Expression l m*t cch thHc th$ hi;n dI li;u d7-i dng cc k tK #i di;n. N #79c
dng trong cc thu@t ton tm ki8m, thay th8 xu.

By l v dS vL m8t RegEx dng +5 ki5m tra xem m8t xu c ph(i l +=a chJ IP +ng +2n hay ko:
Code:
([0-9]{1,3})\.([0-9]{1,3})\.([0-9]{1,3})\.([0-9]{1,3})

Nhn th c vI rDt ph;c t?p ch; thYc ra RegEx trn rDt +"n gi(n v d` hi5u m8t khi b?n + n2m
+,c cch sQ dSng.

Ta sR quay trO l?i v dS trn sau khi + h$c +,c m8t sC +iLu c-n thiGt. Gi! hy dnh th!i gian
vo viPc tm hi5u c php, cch viGt 1 RegEx:

1.RegEx C phn biDt k tP hoa - th%Tng. (case sensitive)

V dS ta c m8t xu nh sau:
Code:
Hello, UDS

Khi + RegEx Hello sR ph h,p v0i ph-n +-u c@a xu ni trn, cn hello th ko.

2. M/i k tP trong RegEx Eu Zng v&i mBt k tP trong xu c)n ki,m tra, k, cA k tP tr@ng
(dMu cch, dMu tab, dMu xuHng dng).

V dS v0i xu:
Code:
Hello, UDS

Th Hello, UDS sR ph h,p cn Hello, UDS ko.

3. MBt sH k tP c nghYa !c biDt. K tP ^ chQ sP b@t )u mBt xu, cn $ chQ sP k8t thc.

V dS: Xu
Code:
UDS is UDS

ÛDS sR ph h,p v0i +o?n UDS +-u xu, trong khi UDS$ sR ph h,p v0i +o?n UDS cuCi xu.

4. CWng nh% trong PHP, k tP \ %Ic s5 d6ng , escape mBt sH k tP !c biDt. V d6 \$,
\^, \-

Xu:
Code:
$abc$

\$ ph h,p v0i k tY $ +-u xu.

5. K tP . ph hIp v&i m/i k tP

V dS:

RegEx ... ph h,p v0i 3 k tY +-u trong xu
Code:
UDS is a great community!!!

DE nhin, +5 1 k tY trong RegEx ph h,p v0i dDu . (thNt) th c-n ph(i escape dDu . Dy nh thG
ny \.

V dS:
Code:
O.K.

\. sR ph h,p v0i dDu . th; nhDt sau k tY O.

6. MBt danh sch cc k tP c th, !t trong dMu ngo!c vung []. Khi bMt cZ k tP no
trong ngo!c vung %Ic tm thMy, k tP sS %Ic coi l ph hIp. TrCt tP cc k tP
trong ngo!c l ko quan tr/ng.

V dS:
Code:
How do you do?

[oyu] sR ph h,p v0i k tY o trong t' How

[dH]. sR ph h,p v0i k tY Ho trong t' How.

7. MBt dAi (range) cc k tP c th, %Ic th, hiDn b:ng c php [ - ]. C th, c nhiEu dAi
trong mBt c!p ngo!c [].

V dS:
Code:
ABCDEFGHIJ KLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

[C-K] sR ph h,p v0i k tY C.

[a-d] sR ph h,p v0i k tY a.

[C-Ka-d2-6] sR ph h,p v0i k tY C.

8. N8u mBt l&p cc k tP !t trong dMu [] %Ic m4 )u b:ng k tP ^, nh>ng k tP sS
%Ic coi l ko ph hIp.

V dS:
Code:
ABCDEFGHIJ KLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789

[^CDghi45] sR ko ph h,p v0i cc k tY C, D, g, h, i, 4, 5.

9. Cc xu khc nhau c th, %Ic !t trong dMu () v phn cch b:ng k tP |.

V dS:
Code:
Monday Tuesday Friday

(on|ues|rida) sR ph h,p v0i +o?n on trong t' Monday, ues trong t' Tuesday,...

10. C th, chQ ra sH l)n k tP sS xuMt hiDn. K tP * ph hIp v&i "ko ho!c nhiEu h'n th8",
+ ph hIp v&i "mBt ho!c nhiEu h'n th8", ? ph hIp v&i "ko ho!c mBt".

V dS:
Code:
aabc abc bc

a*b hoHc a+b ph h,p v0i aab.

a?b ph h,p v0i ab.

11. DMu ngo!c mc {} %Ic s5 d6ng , chnh xc ha sH l%Ing k tP ta mong muHn.
Trong :

{m} cho bi8t k tP xuMt hiDn FNG m l)n
{m,n} cho bi8t k tP xuMt hiDn T NH[T m l)n v NHIÛ NH[T n l)n.
{m,} cho bi8t k tP xuMt hiDn T NH[T m l)n.
{,n} cho bi8t k tP xuMt hiDn NHIÛ NH[T n l)n.

V dS:
Code:
One ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them

.{5} sR ph h,p v0i +o?n k tY One r.

[els]{1,3} sR ph h,p v0i k tY e.

[a-z]{3,} sR ph h,p v0i +o?n ring.

C)n ch : "*", "+", v "?" l tr%Tng hIp !c biDt cNa luCt thZ 11. "*" t%'ng Zng v&i {0,},
"+" t%'ng Zng v&i {1,} cn "?" t%'ng Zng v&i {0,1}.

VNy, trn +y t0 + gi0i thiPu m8t sC luNt quan tr$ng v c-n nh0 khi sQ dSng Regular
Expression +5 tm kiGm v thay thG trong xu. Bi tiGp theo sR ni t0i m8t sC v dS v5 Regular
Expression v viPc p dSng vo PHP.

Cc b?n c th5 tham kh(o thm vL Regular Expression O Zvon:

RegEx Tutorial: http://www.zvon.org/other/PerlTutori...put/index.html

RegEx Reference: http://www.zvon.org/other/reReference/Output/index.html

Chnh bi viGt ny cTng + +,c d=ch t' RegEx Tutorial.

T%'ng tc v&i server b:ng form

ViPc t"ng tc v0i server b]ng form c lR l m8t trong nh9ng cng viPc m cc b?n rDt hay gHp
khi lNp trnh web. Hy nghE +"n gi(n, d0i gc +8 m8t user trong UDS, b?n + ph(i t"ng tc
v0i bao nhiu l form: form register, form login, form post bi nhanh - post bi advance, form +5
report cho mod... NhiLu qu ha... chng mHt

Cc form + +Lu c +i5m chung: BLu +,c viGt b]ng HTML. Hy cng nh2c l?i +i cht vL
cch t?o form v0i HTML:

Tr0c hGt, b?n hy dnh 30 giy trong qub th!i gian "t _i" c@a mnh +5 ngdm l?i: HTML c cDu
trc nh thG no?

Ni m8t cch ng2n g$n, m8t file HTML c cDu t?o nh sau:
HTML Code:
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

Form trong HTML +,c +Ht trong ph-n <body></body>. V dS nh sau:
HTML Code:
<form action="process.php" method="GET">
Tn: <input type="text" name="name" /><br />
TuNi: <input type="text" name="age" /><br />
<input type="submit" value="Submit!" />
</form>

Bo?n code HTML trn c tc dSng g? RDt +"n gi(n, n gip t?o ra 1 form v0i 2 +5 nhNp d9
liPu: Tn v tuai. Km theo + l 1 nt lPnh mang ch9 Submit. RDt gi(n d= v ko c g kh hi5u
O +y c(.

, c 1 +iLu ny c-n gi(i thch: U dng +-u tin c@a +o?n code, thI form c 2 thu8c tnh: action
v method. Hai thu8c tnh ny c mSc +ch g?

1. action="process.php" nghEa l sau khi bDm submit, d9 liPu sR +,c chuy5n qua file
process.php n]m cng th mSc v0i file HTML ny
2. method="GET" nghEa l ph"ng th;c truyLn d9 liPu sR l GET.

VNy, b?n + biGt d9 liPu sR +,c chuy5n qua file process.php, m hi5n nhin file process.php
ny cha t^n t?i, nn m8t +iLu rDt tY nhin l ta sR t?o file process.php v0i n8i dung sau:
PHP Code:
<?php
$name =$_GET["name"];
$age =$_GET["age"];
echo "Tn b-n: $name";
echo "TuNi cGa b-n: $age";
?>

Hai dng cuCi c@a v dS trn c lR cheng c j` +5 bn. ChJ +"n gi(n l echo 2 biGn $name v
$age ra mn hnh. VDn +L n]m trong 2 dng +-u.

Ta lDy dng th; 1 +5 ma xI: $name = $_GET["name"]; U +y ai cTng biGt gi tr= c@a $name
+,c gn t' $_GET["name"]. VNy l chJ cn duy nhDt 1 +iLu c-n th2c m2c: $_GET l g?

$_GET l m(ng +5 ch;a cc gi tr= +,c chuy5n t' form sang. U +y $_GET g^m 2 ph-n tQ:
$_GET["name"] v $_GET["age"].

M$i vDn +L +Gn +y +,c gi(i quyGt.

Gi! ta thQ xt form O V dS ban +-u. B?n hy lm m8t php thay +ai nh_: Bai method="GET"
b]ng method="POST".

Khi + hi5n nhin process.php sR ko ho?t +8ng

NGu suy di`n m8t cch educated, b?n sR ngay lNp t;c sQa sai b]ng cch thay +ai $_GET b]ng
$_POST. KGt qu(? Bng goi

BGn +y ta c th5 sung s0ng rt ra kGt luNn: B5 nhNn biGn t' form chuy5n sang, c th5 sQ
dSng m(ng $_GET hoHc $_POST, ty vo ph"ng th;c truyLn d9 liPu c@a form.

Bi h$c kGt thc O +y +,c rî nhJ?

Cha +u b?n ?. Cn m8t +iLu cha ni +Gn: SY khc nhau gi9a $_GET v $_POST l j`? Hay
+ng h"n, sY khc nhau gi9 method GET v POST l g?

Ni +Gn GET v POST, tr0c hGt ta sR ni +Gn HTTP Request.

M8t HTTP Request +,c gQi t0i server c +=nh d?ng nh sau:
Code:
<request-line>
<headers>
<blank line>
[<request-body>]

M8t HTTP Request +,c gQi t0i trang web www.abc.com t' trnh duyPt Firefox sR t"ng tY
nh v dS sau:
Code:
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: www.abc.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.7.6)
Gecko/20050225 Firefox/1.0.1
Connection: Keep-Alive

T"ng tY, m8t Request gQi +Gn trang www.abc.com/def sR c d?ng nh sau:
Code:
GET /def/ HTTP/1.1
Host: www.abc.com

Nh cc b?n c th5 thDy, 2 v dS trn +Lu dng ph"ng th;c GET +5 request d9 liPu.

Gi! hy tOng t,ng, sau khi +iLn vo form 1 gi tr= name l admin, age l 20, b?n bDm nt
submit +5 gQi d9 liPu +Gn file process.php.

Trn thanh address sR hiPn ra url: process.php?name=admin&age=20

NGu xem xt m8t cch kb lcng HTTP Request, ta sR thDy n nh sau:
Code:
GET /process.php?name=admin&age=20 HTTP/1.1
Host: www.abc.com

Tm l?i, khi dng ph"ng th;c GET, trnh duyPt sR gQi Request t0i server v0i cc tham sC +Ht
trong dng +-u tin (request-line).

Cn v0i ph"ng th;c POST th sao? Thay n]m trong request-line, nh9ng tham sC ny +,c
+Ht trong ph-n request-body.

V dS ta gi9 nguyn form trn, chJ thay method="GET" b]ng method="POST" v bDm Submit.
Khi + +y sR l HTTP Request "behind the scene":
Code:
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: www.abc.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 40

name=admin&age=20

C th5 d` dng thDy r]ng, ngoi viPc thm m8t sC dng vo ph-n header:
Code:
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 40

th ph"ng th;c POST + "cDt" cc tham sC c@a mnh trong ph-n request-body. BiLu ny hi5n
nhin khc hen ph"ng th;c GET.

Bi h$c hm nay chnh th;c +,c kGt thc O +y <:-P

(v t0 cTng +i xem phim smallville tiGp +y )

Xu - Cc php ton th%Tng g!p

T0 xin nh2c l?i m8t cch ng2n g$n: Xu l m8t tNp h,p cc k tY. V dS "abc",
"sadfsks12dsfsdfjkee123" c th5 coi l m8t xu. Trong PHP, xu +,c th5 hiPn b]ng m k tY 8
bit (8-bit character code) v +,c coi l n]m trong b(ng m ISO-8859-1.

Gi! ta hy xem xem xt m8t sC php ton th!ng gHp trn xu:

1. strlen - lMy B di 1 xu

C lR cc b?n cTng d` dng +on +,c, strlen l string length - +8 di xu. Cch sQ dSng hm
strlen() rDt +"n gi(n:
PHP Code:
<?php
echo strlen("Updatesofts");
?>
KGt qu( in ra sR l 11 - sC k tY trong xu "Updatesofts".

2. trim - c@t b1 ph)n thXa trong xu

Hm trim() nhNn tham sC l 1 xu v n sR lo?i b_ m$i kho(ng tr2ng (whitespace) b2t +-u v
kGt thc xu. C-n ch O +y, kho(ng tr]ng ko chJ bao g^m dDu cch (" ", mang m ASCII 32)
m n cn g^m:
- Tab ("\t", m ASCII 9)
- DDu xuCng dng ("\r" v "\n", m t"ng ;ng 10 v 13)
- K tY NULL ("\0", m 0)
- Tab d$c (vertical tab - m 11). DDu ny gi! l "c@a hiGm". Du

V dS:
PHP Code:
<?php
$str =" \t\t\t\t \nXu ny lEm th' linh tinh th. nh \r\n \t \t ";
echo trim($str);
?>
KGt qu( output ra hon ton c th5 +on +,c: "Xu ny l2m th; linh tinh thG nhO"

3. ltrim v rtrim

Sau khi biGt vL hm trim(), ch2c hen b?n sR +Ht cu h_i: ThG nhc t0 chJ muCn c2t b_ mDy ph-n
linh tinh O +-u/cuCi xu thi th sao?
Tr( l!i: Hon ton c th5. Hy dng ltrim() v rtrim() - b?n sR thik ngay m

ltrim dng +5 b_ cc ph-n linh tinh b2t +-u xu.
rtrim dng +5 b_ cc ph-n linh tinh kGt thc xu.

4. strpos - tm ki8m trong xu

Hm strpos() nhNn 3 tham sC:
1. 1 xu
2. xu c-n tm trong xu trn
3. b2t +-u tm t' k tY th; mDy trong xu, mHc +=nh l 0

V dS strpos("Updatesofts", "Update") sR tr( vL kGt qu( l 0. strpos("ABCABC", "A", 2) sR tr( vL
kGt qu( l 3.

VNy nGu ko t^n t?i xu c-n tm th sao? B"n gi(n l2m b?n ?, kGt qu( tr( vL sR l FALSE.

M8t +iLu c-n ch n9a: NGu v= tr b2t +-u tm l sC m (v dS -1), PHP sR tm kiGm t' cuCi xu
trO l?i (ng,c v0i cch tm mHc +=nh)

Gi! hy xt 1 v dS:
PHP Code:
<?
$res =strpos($haystack, $needle);
if ($res ==FALSE) {
echo "Ko th)y!";
}else {
echo "Th)y i!";
}
?>
B?n c $haystack l "Updatesofts", $needle l "Up", h_i PHP sR echo ra ci g? B?n +on l
"ThDy i" +ng ko?

TiGc l sai rî b?n ? KGt qu( l "Ko thDy", v $needle +,c tm thDy O BrU $haystack, nghEa l
v= tr th; 0, m 0 l?i +^ng nghEa v0i FALSE

Kh l confusing ph(i ko h( b?n?

B5 xQ l tr!ng h,p ny, ta sR dng ton tQ so snh === thay v == (b]ng b]ng b]ng thay v
b]ng b]ng ). PHP sR ki5m tra c( gi tr= v ki5u c@a biGn, do + 0 v FALSE sR l 2 khi niPm
hon ton khc nhau v vDn +L + +,c gi(i quyGt g$n ghR.

5. substr - tch (extract) 1 ph)n trong xu

C php c@a hm substr() nh sau:

substr(xu, v= tr b2t +-u, [sC k tY - nGu c-n])

V dS: substr($str, 1) tr( vL xu b2t +-u t' k tY th; 1. substr($str, 3, 2) tr( vL 2 k tY c@a xu
b2t +-u t' k tY th; 3.

CTng nh strpos, tham sC th; 2 c th5 l m. Khi + PHP sR xQ l ng,c t' cuCi.

Trn +y l 5 hm th!ng gHp khi xQ l xu trong PHP. Hi5n nhin viPc liPt k tDt c( cc hm l
impossible, v vNy nGu b?n c-n thm vL cc hm xQ l xu trong PHP, hy tm +Gn PHP.net:

http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.strings.php

Coming Up Next: SQ dSng Regular Expression +5 tm kiGm v thay thG trong xu.

TsO FORM Bt UPLOAD FILE

Form +5 upload file c-n tho mn cc +iLu kiPn sau:

* method l POST
* enctype l multipart/form-data

M HTML c@a form sR t'a tYa nh sau:

<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="process_upload.php">
<input type="hidden" name="MAX_FILE_SIZE" value="30000">
<input type="file" name="file_upload" size="20">
<input type="submit" value="Upload">
</form>

Bo?n code trn sR t?o 1 form v0i 1 nt Browse... +5 ban ch$n file c-n upload, v 1 nt Upload
+5 b?n submit form. Form sR +,c submit t0i file process_upload.php n]m cng th mSc v0i
file ch;a form.

M8t sC browser support MAX_FILE_SIZE sR ki5m tra dung l,ng file tr0c khi form +,c
submit, tuy nhin khng ph(i browser no cTng vNy. Cho nn b?n +'ng nn tin tOng tuyPt +Ci
vo server! U v dS trn, nGu browser h\ tr,, nhng file c dung l,ng l0n h"n 30000 byte sR
+,c browser thng bo l\i khi submit form.

Xv L Dn LIlU BowC SUBMIT LN SERVER

By gi! ta hy xem xt t0i ph-n xQ l d9 liPu +,c submit ln server trong file
process_upload.php. PHP lu thng tin vL file +,c upload ln server trong biGn global
$_FILES. V0i form O v dS trn, PHP sR truyLn cho script process_upload.php cc thng tin
sau:

* $_FILES['file_upload']['name']: tn file gCc trn my client. TuW vo browser, tn file c th5
+,c truyLn ln server O d?ng C:\folder\filename.ext hoHc chJ l filename.ext. Ch"ng trnh
ph(i tY ki5m tra v trch ra tn file nGu c-n thiGt.
* $_FILES['file_upload']['type']: ki5u c@a file, +,c lu O d?ng MINE (V dS: image/gif,
audio/wav).
* $_FILES['file_upload']['size']: dung l,ng c@a file tnh theo byte.
* $_FILES['file_upload']['tmp_name']: sau khi upload, server sR lu file vo m8t file t?m trn
server, biGn ny cho ta biGt +!ng ddn v tn c@a file t?m +. Ch"ng trnh sR +$c file t?m ny
+5 lDy n8i dung c@a file +,c upload.
* $_FILES['file_upload']['error']: m l\i, ch"ng trnh nn ki5m tra biGn ny +5 b(o +(m r]ng
qu trnh upload khng x(y ra l\i.
o UPLOAD_ERR_OK ( = 0 ): khng c l\i, qu trnh upload thnh cng.
o UPLOAD_ERR_INI_SIZE ( = 1 ): dung l,ng file upload v,t qu gi0i h?n +,c chJ +=nh
trong file php.ini.
o UPLOAD_ERR_FORM_SIZE ( = 2 ): dung l,ng file upload v,t qu gi0i h?n +,c chJnh
+=nh bOi MAX_FILE_SIZE.
o UPLOAD_ERR_PARTIAL ( = 3 ): file chJ +,c upload 1 ph-n (c th5 l do l\i +!ng truyLn
trong qu trnh upload).
o UPLOAD_ERR_NO_FILE ( = 4 ): khng c file no +,c upload (c th5 l file O client khng
t^n t?i).

Khi + c ton b8 cc thng tin c-n thiGt, xQ l file nh thG no l quyGn +=nh c@a b?n. B?n c
th5 +$c n8i dung c@a file v lu vo database, hoHc di chuy5n file v lu vo th mSc upload
c@a b?n. Sau +y l 1 v dS c@a file process_upload.php.

B-u tin, ki5m tra xem tc vS c ph(i l upload hay khng:

if ( $_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] != "POST" ) {
//thng bo l\i khng ph(i l method POST
//v thot
exit(-1);
} //end if

TiGp theo ki5m tra xem qu trnh upload c l\i g khng:

if ( !isset($_FILES["file_upload"]["error"] ||
$_FILES["file_upload"]["error"] != 0 ) {
//thng bo l\i dYa vo gi tr= c@a $_FILES["file_upload"]["error"]
//v thot
exit(-1);
} //end if

//ta cTng c th5 ki5m tra xem dung l,ng file c v,t qu gi0i h?n
//c@a ch"ng trnh hay khng
if ( $_FILES["file_upload"]["size"] > $MAX_FILE_SIZE ) {
//thng bo l\i
//v thot
exit(-1);
}

Tch tn file t' client:

$temp = preg_split('/[\/\\\\]+/', $_FILES["file_upload"]["name"]);
$filename = $temp[count($temp)-1];

//ta cTng c th5 ki5m tra ph-n mO r8ng c@a file nGu c-n thiGt
if ( !preg_match('/\.(gif|jpg)$/i', $filename ) {
//thng bo l\i file upload khng ph(i l d?ng GIF hoHc JPG
//v thot
exit(-1);
} //end if

V cuCi cng, lu file +,c upload vo n"i c-n thiGt:

$upload_dir = "/home/nbthanh/public_html/uploads/";
$upload_file = $uploaddir . $filename;
if ( move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file_upload"]["tmp_name"], $upload_file) ) {
//file + +,c upload v copy sang th mSc lu tr9 thnh cng
} else {
//c l\i x(y ra
} //end if

CC HM PHP BowC DNG TRONG V Dx

* exit: d'ng/thot ch"ng trnh ngay lNp t;c.
* isset: ki5m tra xem biGn c t^n t?i hay khng. Trong v dS c@a bi viGt, ta dng hm isset +5
ki5m tra xem biGn $_FILES["file_upload"]["error"] c t^n t?i hay khng.
* preg_split: tch m8t chu\i thnh t'ng ph-n nh_ theo regular expression. Trong v dS c@a bi
viGt, ta dng hm ny +5 tch tn file cng +!ng ddn ra thnh t'ng ph-n nh_ (phn cch nhau
b]ng k tY \ hoHc /, ta khng biGt ch2c +,c client l Windows hay Linux nn ta tch theo
tr!ng h,p tang qut). Sau khi tch, ph-n tQ cuCi cng sR l tn file.
M8t cch khc +5 lDy tn file l dng hm basename. Tuy nhin sQ dSng hm ny sR c m8t sC
vDn +L n(y sinh, b?n tham kh(o thm O +y:
http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.basename.php.
* count: +Gm sC l,ng ph-n tQ trong m(ng. $a[count($a)-1] sR truy cNp t0i ph-n tQ cuCi cng
c@a m(ng $a.
* preg_match: sQ dSng regular expression +5 tm xem chu\i con c xuDt hiPn trong chu\i mj
hay khng. Trong v dS c@a bi viGt, ta dng hm ny +5 ki5m tra xem tn c@a c@a c +,c kGt
thc b]ng .gif hoHc .jpg hay khng.
* move_uploaded_file: di chuy5n file +,c upload t' client +Gn 1 th mSc khc trn server.

TI LIlU THAM KHzO

* PHP Manual: http://www.php.net/manual/en/index.php
o Regular Expression Functions (Perl-Compatible): http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php
o Handling file uploads: http://www.php.net/manual/en/features.file-upload.php
* T' Google: t' kho php tutorial upload file

Source from DDTH

Tai Lieu Learning PHP MySQL

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tai Lieu Learning PHP MySQL

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Learning PHP & MySQL Updatesofts.

You might also like