Compressor and Pump Curves 1

1
Compressor and Pump Curves
1999 - AEA Technology plc - All Rights Reserved.
ADV 1_2.pdf
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Workshop
In this module, compressor and pump curves will be used to model the
behaviour of simulated compressors and pumps. Using curves to
model these unit operations allows HYSYS to accurately simulate actual
plant equipment.
Learning Objectives
Once you have completed this module, you will be able to:
Specify and attach head and efficiency curves to compressors
Use single and multiple curves to model compressors
Attach head curves to pumps
Accurately model existing plant equipment with HYSYS
Prerequisites
Before beginning this module, you need to know how to:
Define and import a fluid package
Add streams and unit operations to the PFD
Compressor and Pump Curves 3
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Compressor Curves
Using compressor curves in your HYSYS simulation allows you to
accurately model existing plant equipment. You can determine if an
existing compressor is able to meet the specifications of your process.
Using compressor curves allows HYSYS to calculate heads and
efficiencies that are dependant on the flow rate. If the flow rate through
the compressor is known to be constant, a single flow rate and
efficiency can be supplied. If, however, the flow rate is expected to
change, using a compressor curve will allow HYSYS to calculate new
heads and efficiencies based on the current flow rate.
This results in greater accuracy in the simulation, and allows HYSYS to
more closely model actual plant equipment.
Defining the Fluid Package
Before we begin any simulation in HYSYS, we must first define the
appropriate fluid package.
1. Start a New Case and add a Fluid Package.
2. Select the Sour PR EOS package
3. Add the following components: H
2
O, H
2
S, CO
2
, C1, C2, C3, i-C4,
and n-C4.
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Installing a Stream
1. Add a Material Steam to the PFD with the following data:
In This Cell... Enter...
Name Feed
Temperature 70
o
C (160
o
F)
Pressure 130 kPa (19 psia)
Molar Flow 500 kgmole/hr (1100 lbmole/hr)
Mole Fraction [H
2
O] 0.24
Mole Fraction [H
2
S] 0.07
Mole Fraction [CO
2
] 0.06
Mole Fraction [C1] 0.04
Mole Fraction [C2] 0.11
Mole Fraction [C3] 0.25
Mole Fraction [i-C4] 0.08
Mole Fraction [n-C4] 0.15
Compressor and Pump Curves 5
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Adding the Compressor
1. Add a Compressor to the PFD.
2. Enter the following information on the Connections page:
3. On the Parameters page, ensure that the Polytropic and Adiabatic
efficiency boxes both read <empty>.
These values must read <empty> because the efficiencies will be
calculated from the compressor curves, and defining the same value in
two places will always result in a consistency error.
In This Cell... Enter...
Inlet Stream Feed
Outlet Stream Outlet
Energy Stream Comp Duty
Compressor button
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4. On the Curve page, select the Adiabatic radio button in the
Efficiency group. Press the Add Curve button, and enter the data
as shown here:
5. Close the above view and activate Curve-1 on the Curves page.
Ensure that the Enable Curves box on the Curves page is
checked.
Be sure to use the correct units
for the curve.
We do not need to enter a
compressor speed because we
are only entering one curve.
However, multiple curves with
different speeds can be used.
Compressor and Pump Curves 7
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6. The pressure of the outlet stream can be seen on the Work Sheet
page, or you can choose Show Table when object-inspecting the
outlet stream on the PFD. The compressors efficiencies can be
found on the Results page.
Optional Exercise
It is desired to have an outlet pressure of 300 kPa (44 psia).
Use an Adjust operation with the following information:
What is the Outlet Pressure of the compressor? __________
What is the Adiabatic Efficiency? __________
The Polytropic Efficiency?___________
In This Cell... Enter...
Adjusted Variable Feed - Molar Flow
Target Variable Outlet - Pressure
Specified Target Value 300 kPa (44 psia)
Step Size 5 kgmole/hr (10 lbmole/hr)
Iterations 50
What is the Molar Flow rate if the Outlet Pressure is set at
300 kPa (44 psia)? __________
Can you think of an easier way of doing this? __________
How? __________
Save your case!
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Multiple Curves
Typically, industrial compressors are able to run at multiple speeds
depending on the current demand. HYSYS allows users to enter
multiple compressor curves that each represent a specified speed.
Once the curves are entered, any compressor speed can be specified
and the head and efficiency are calculated automatically.
In this exercise, a Natural Gas compressor will be examined to
determine the outlet pressure of a multi-speed compressor.
1. Begin a new case and import the fluid package Nat-Gas.fpk from
the diskette provide with this course.
2. Add a new stream to the PFD with the following data:
3. Add a Compressor to the PFD with this data:
4. Delete the default Adiabatic Efficiency value on the Parameters
page. Again, the efficiency will be calculated from the compressor
curves.
In This Cell... Enter...
Name LP Gas
Temperature 10
o
C (50
o
F)
Pressure 1700 kPa (245 psia)
Molar Flow Rate 1500 kgmole/hr (3300 lbmole/hr)
Comp. Mole Fraction - C1 0.99
Comp. Mole Fraction - C2 0.002
Comp. Mole Fraction - C3 0.0005
Comp. Mole Fraction - N2 0.005
Comp. Mole Fraction - CO2 0.0025
In This Cell... Enter...
Inlet LP Gas
Outlet HP Gas
Energy Comp Duty
Compressor and Pump Curves 9
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5. Add the four curves shown below to the compressor. Note that
the curves have been supplied in Field units. (If you are using SI
units, you must change the Flow and Head units to those shown
here before you enter the curve data).
Note that compressor speeds
must be entered here as
multiple curves are being
used.
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The plots for efficiency and
head versus flow can be seen
by pressing the Plot Curves
button on the Curves page.
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6. Ensure that all of the curves are activated, and the Enable Curves
box is checked. These curves are polytropic curves, therefore the
Polytropic radio button must be checked in the Efficiency group
on the Curves page.
7. On the Curves page, enter a speed of 11 000 per min.
Optional Exercise
1. Delete the specified compressor speed of 11 000 per minute.
2. Enter a pressure of 5000 kPa (725 psia) for the HP Gas stream.
3. HYSYS will automatically calculate the compressor speed needed
to meet this outlet pressure.
What is the pressure of the HP Gas stream? __________
What is the compressor speed needed to achieve the
specified outlet pressure? __________
What are the Adiabatic and Polytropic efficiencies of the
compressor under these conditions? __________
What is the temperature of the HP Gas? __________
Instead of entering all of the
curve data, open the HYSYS
case Comp_Shortcut.hsc on
the disk supplied with this
module, and begin on step 6.
Save your case!
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Pump Curves
As with compressor curves, pump curves are used to allow HYSYS to
accurately model existing pumps. Pump curves allow the pressure rise
across the pump to be dependent on the flow rate of liquid.
The pump curves are entered into HYSYS using a form different than
the form used for compressor curves. With pump curves the
coefficients of an expression, up to the fifth order, are entered into
HYSYS rather than the actual data points.
Defining the Fluid Package
1. Begin a new case and select the Peng Robinson EOS package.
2. Add the components n-Hexane, n-Heptane, and n-Octane.
Installing a Stream
Add a new stream to the PFD and enter the following information:
The coefficients can be
obtained from a spreadsheet
program capable of nonlinear
regression, such as EXCEL, or
may be supplied by the pumps
manufacturer.
In This Cell... Enter...
Name LP Mixture
Temperature 25
o
C (77
o
F)
Pressure 120 kPa (18 psia)
Liquid Volume Flow 500 m
3
/hr (76,000 BPD)
Comp. Mass Fraction [Hexane] 0.60
Comp. Mass Fraction [Heptane] 0.30
Comp. Mass Fraction [Octane] 0.10
Compressor and Pump Curves 13
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Adding the Pump
1. Add a Pump to the PFD and enter the following information:
2. On the Curves page, enter the following data:
In This Cell... Enter...
Inlet LP Mixture
Outlet HP Mixture
Energy Pump Duty
Efficiency (Parameters Page) 75 %
Pump button
In This Cell... Enter...
Coefficient A 3000
Coefficient B -2.0
Coefficient C -0.005
All Other Coefficients 0
Units for Head m
Flow Basis Act. Vol. Flow
Units for Flow m
3
/hr
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3. Ensure that the Activate Curves box is checked.
4. The pressure of the product stream can be seen on the Worksheet
tab.
What is the outlet pressure of the pump? __________
The pump sales representative, who supplied the curve
data, guaranteed an outlet pressure of 5000 kPa (725 psia)
at the specified flow rate. Should you fill out the purchase
order? __________
Save your case!