Lab : Chemical examination of urine

: Precipitation test
1. Robert s method

Saturated MgSO4 HNO3 albumin globulin

Sat. MgSO4.H2O

Conc. HNO3

1. Robert 2 ml
2. 25 pipette
2 ml
3.
3

Negative
Trace

( < 10 mg/dl)

1+

0.5 mm ( 10-50 mg/dl)

2+

1 mm ( 50-200 mg/dl)

3+

1.5 mm
( 200-500 mg/dl)

4+

( 500 mg/dl )

1.
2. penicillin, sulfonamide, cephalosporin

2. 3% Sulfosalicylic acid

1 ml 3% Sulfosalicylic acid 3 ml
5-10 min

Negative

Trace

( 5 mg/dl)

1+

( 10-30 mg/dl)

2+

( 40-100 mg/dl)

3+

( 200-500 mg/dl)

4+

( 500 mg/dl )

sulfonamides, penicillin, radiologic dyes

Benedict s test

CuSO4 reducing agent cupric ion

reduce cuprous ion , ,
reducing agent

1. CuSO4. 5H2O

17.3 g

100 ml
2. Sodium carbonate (anhydrous)
100 g
3. Sodium citrate

173 g

2 3 700 ml
copper 1,000 ml


1. Benedict s
2. 8 ( 0.5 ml)
3. 5 min

Negative

( 10-30 mg/dl)

Trace

( 30-500 mg/dl)

1+

( 500-1000 mg/dl)

2+

( 1000-1500 mg/dl)

3+

( 1500-2500 mg/dl)

4+

( 2500-4000 mg/dl)

fructose,

lactose,

galactose, maltose uric acid, creatinine, ascorbic acid,

formaldehyde salicylate, penicillin, cephalosporin, sulfonamide

ketone bodies
Rothera s test ( acetone acetoacetic acid)

Sodium nitroprusside ketone bodies pH color

comples

1. sodium nitroprusside 0.1 g

2. 5 ml sodium nitroprusside
3. saturated ammonium sulphate ( 2 ml)
4. ammonium hydroxide
5. positive

 bilirubin
1. Foam test

10 ml
2. Fouchet (Modification)

Bilirubin BaCl2 Fouchets reagent, ferric ion

FeCl3 oxidize bilirubin biliverdin

1.

Fouchets reagent
FeCl3

Trichloroacetic acid

25

100

ml

2.

BaCl2

1.
BaCl2 2

2.

Fouchets 1-2
bilirubin

Urobilinogen
Wallace Diamond

Urobilinogen p-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde (Ehrlichs aldehyde)

-

 Ehrlichs aldehyde reagent

p-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde

9.7

Conc.HCL

100

ml

150

ml

1. 5 ml
2. Ehrlichs aldehyde 0.5 ml 5
3.
urobilinogen 4
urobilinogen 4 negative
4. 10 1:10,
1:20, 1:40, 1:80 5 ml Ehrlichs aldehyde
0.5 ml 5 titer


1:40

False positive bilirubin, pyridium, indole, porphobilinogen
False negative nitrite, formalin