RESULTS

Experiment A
Propionic
acid added
(mL)
Aqueous Layer Organic Layer
K=Y/X
Titre o !/"#
$aO% (mL)
&oncentration
(!)
Titre o !/"#
$aO% (mL)
&oncentration
(!)
' (")* #)+, --)# ")'+# #)(."
, "/)( #)*+# +/). ")**# #),.*
" "')' ")''# "*)' ")*'# #)/,-
0ater 1o2 rate 3 #)(# L/min
Organic 1o2 rate 3 #)(# L/min
Pac4ing dimension 3 Lengt5 = ")( m
6iameter = '# mm
Experiment 7
81o2 rate o aqueous
p5ase (L/min)
#)(#
81o2 rate o organic p5ase
(L/min)
#)(#
9odium 5ydroxide
concentration (!)
#)#('! #)" !
8eed (mL) '')( ".)"
:ainate (mL) ")/ ")#
Extract (mL) (,)- -)+
Propionic acid extracted
rom t5e organic p5ase
(mo1/min)
#)##.
Propionic acid extracted
rom t5e aqueous p5ase
(mo1/min)
#)##--,+
!ass transer coeicient
(4g/min)
#)##,-,(
CALCULATIONS
8ormu1a or inding distri;ution coeicient (Experiment A)3
K = Y/X
05ere Y3 &oncentration o so1ute in exact p5ase)
X3 &oncentration o so1ute in rainate p5ase)
For 0.1M of NaOH
") ')#mL o propionic acid
<pper (Y) 7ottom (X)
!"=" = !(=(
(#)"!)((")*mL) = (!()('mL)
!( = #)+,( !
!"=" = !(=(
(#)"!)(--)#mL) = (!()('mL)
!( = ")'+# !
K = Y/X
= #)+,! / ")'++ !
= #)(-.'
() ,)#mL o propionic acid
<pper (Y) 7ottom (X)
!"=" = !(=(
(#)"!)("/)(mL) = (!()(,mL)
!( = #)*+# !
!"=" = !(=(
(#)"!)(+/).mL) = (!()(,mL)
!( = ")**# !
K = Y/X
= #)*'! / ")***-!
= #),.//
,) ")#mL o propionic acid
<pper (Y) 7ottom (X)
!"=" = !(=(
(#)"!)("')'mL) = (!()(")#mL)
!( = ")''# !
!"=" = !(=(
(#)"!)("*)'mL) = (!()(")#mL)
!( = ")*'# !
K = Y/X
= ")''! / ")*'!
= #)/,/
8ormu1a or inding mass transer coeicient (Experiment 7)3
!"=" = !(=(
05ere3
!" = concentration o $aO%
!( = concentration o propionic acid
=" = >o1ume o $aO%
=( = >o1ume o propionic acid
:ate o acid transer = =2 (Y" ? #)
=o (X" ? X() = =2 (Y" ? #)
K = Y"/X@
Log mean dri>ing orce = (AX"BAX() / 1n (AX"/AX()
05ere3
AX" 3 6ri>ing orce at t5e top o t5e co1umn = (X( ? #)
AX( 3 6ri>ing orce at t5e ;ottom o t5e co1umn = (X" B X"@)
Pac4ing dimension 3 Lengt5 = ")(m
6iameter = '#mm
:adius = = #)#('m
T5ereoreC pac4ing >o1umeC = = Dr
(
L
= D ( #)#('m)
(
(")(m)
= (),* E "#
B,
m
,
= (),* L
For 0.1M of NaOH
:ainate3
!"=" = !(=(
(#)")("mL) = !( ("'mL)
!( = #)##**-! o propionic acid X"
8eed3
!"=" = !(=(
(#)")(".)"mL) = !( ("'mL)
!( = #)"(#*-! o propoinic acid
Extract3
!"=" = !(=(
(#)")(-)+mL) = !( ("'mL)
!( = #)#+/,,! o propoinic acid Y"
:ate o acid transer = =2 (Y"B #)
= (#)(# L/min)(#)#+/,, mo1/L)
= #)##// mo1/min
8inding t5e >a1ue o X(3
=o (X"BX() = =2 (Y" B#)
(#)(# L/min)(#)##**- mo1/L B X() = #)##// mo1/min
X( = B#)#+(. mo1/L F !
8inding t5e 1og mean dri>ing orce3
AX" = (X(B#)
= B#)#+(. !
K = Y" / X@
X@ = Y" / K At equi1i;riumC assume K = #)/(-, (rom experiment 7)
= #)#+/,, / #)#/,/
= #)'(', !
AX( = (X"BX"@)
= B#)#+(. ! ? #)'(',!
= B#)'*."!
Log mean dri>ing orce = (AX"BAX() / 1n (AX"/AX()
= (B#)#+(. G #)'*.")! / 1n (B#)#+(. / B#)'*.")
= B#)(#,(
8inding t5e mass transer coeicient3
!ass transer coeicient =

= (#)##// mo1/min) / (),*L E B#)(#,()

= B#)##+-' mo1/L)min

= B#)##+-' !/min

= B#)##+-' 4g/min
For 0.025M of NaOH
:ainate3
!"=" = !(=(
(#)#(')(")/mL) = !( ("'mL)
!( = #)##,( ! o propionic acid X"
8eed3
!"=" = !(=(
(#)#(')('')(mL) = !( ("'mL)
!( = #)#/(# ! o propoinic acid
Extract3
!"=" = !(=(
(#)#(')((,)-mL) = !( ("'mL)
!( = #)#,/' ! o propoinic acid Y"
:ate o acid transer = =2 (Y"B #)
= (#)(# L/min)(#)#,/' mo1/L)
= #)##-/ mo1/min
8inding t5e >a1ue o X(3
=o (X"BX() = =2 (Y" B#)
(#)(# L/min)(#)##(' mo1/L B X() = #)##-/ mo1/min
X( = B #)#,- mo1/L F !
8inding t5e 1og mean dri>ing orce3
AX" = (X(B#)
= B #)#,- !
K = Y" / X@
X@ = Y" / K At equi1i;riumC assume K = #)/,/ (rom experiment 7)
= #)#,/' / #)/,/
= #)#+(# !
AX( = (X"BX"@)
= B#)#,- ! ? #)#+(# !
= B#)#-/ !
Log mean dri>ing orce = (AX"BAX() / 1n (AX"/AX()
= (B#)#,-G #)#-/)! / 1n (B#)#,- / B#)#-/)
= B#)#'',-
8inding t5e mass transer coeicient3
!ass transer coeicient =
=

= (#)##-/ mo1/min) / ((),*L E B#)#'',-)
= B#)#*#' mo1/L)min

= B#)#*#' !/min

= B#)#*#' 4g/min
DISCUSSIONS
Hn t5is experimentC 2e 2ant to identiy t5e distri;ution o coeicient (K) and to identiy t5e
mass transer coeicient) T5is experiment is reerred to t5e so1u;i1ity 25ic5 is t5e so1>ent is a1so
so1u;1e 2it5 a speciic so1ute contained in t5e so1ution and a1so a;out t5e separation o a
su;stance rom a mixture ;y preerentia11y disso1>ing t5e su;stance in a suita;1e so1>ent)
)
8or t5e irst experimentC 25ic5 is to determine t5e distri;ution coeicient (K)C 2e used t5e
titration met5od rom t5e upper (Y) and ;ottom (X) 1ayer samp1e) 7y titration 2it5 #)" !C t5e
>a1ues are #)/,/ in ")# m1 o propionic acidC #),.* in ,)# m1 o propionic acid and #)(." in ')# m1
o propionic acid) 8rom t5e resu1t in t5is experimentC i titrated 2it5 #)" ! $aO%C it s5o2s t5at
t5e >a1ue o distri;ution coeicient decrease as t5e >o1ume o propionic acid increase) T5is
experiment is tota11y successu1 ;ecause t5ose resu1ts o11o2ed t5e actua1 resu1ts 25ic5 is t5e
>a1ue o distri;ution coeicient must ;e decrease 25en t5e >o1ume o propionic acid is
increasing)
8or t5e second experimentC 25ic5 is to determine t5e mass transer coeicientC 2e used t5e
1iquidB1iquid extraction co1umn to get t5e eedC rainate and extract so1ution to ;e t5e samp1es)
T5e samp1es t5en are titrated 2it5 #)" ! $aO% and #)#(' ! $aO%) T5e >a1ue o mass transer
coeicient 25en titrated 2it5 #)" ! $aO% is B#)#*#' 4g/min 25i1e titrated 2it5 #)#(' !C t5e
>a1ue o mass transer coeicient isB#)#*#(* 4g/min) :esu1t or t5is experiment s5o2s t5at t5e
experiment is ai1ed ;ecause t5e >a1ues o mass transer coeicient supposed1y in positi>e)
7esides t5atC 2e cannot s5o2 t5at t5e re1ation ;et2een mass transer rate 2it5 t5e
concentration o $aO%) 8or t5e actua1 resu1tC t5is experiment can s5o2s t5e increment o mass
transer rate 25en t5e concentration o $aO% is decreasing
9e>era1 errors occurred during t5is experiment progress t5at tota11y aects t5e resu1t o irst
experiment 25ic5 is or inding t5e mass transer coeicient) T5e most common error is t5e
position o t5e eye during ta4ing t5e >o1ume >a1ue at t5e ;urette) As t5e so1utionC t5e eye
position s5ou1d ;e straig5t to t5e sca1e and must ;e perpendicu1ar to t5e meniscus) 7esides
t5atC t5e error a1so occurred 25i1e using t5e apparatus t5at is not proper1y c1ean) 0e s5ou1d use
t5e c1ean apparatus to a>oid t5e oi1 emission and impurities at t5e ;ea4erC conica1 1as4 or
;urette) H t5e apparatus not c1eanC 2e s5ou1d use t5e disti11ed 2ater to c1ean up t5ose
apparatus)
7esides t5atC t5e experiment s5ou1d ;e repeated at 1east ( or , times to get t5e accurate
>a1ues and t5e mista4e during t5e experiment progress can ;e identiied) %o2e>erC t5e irst
experiment on1y done 2it5 one tria1 t5ose cause t5e experiment ;eing ai1ed) 8urt5ermoreC 2e
c5oose 1ig5t pin4 co1or or t5e co1or indicator during titrationC ;ut to get a11 t5e same co1or mig5t
;e 5ard enoug5 to identiy) As t5e co1or is not same in eac5 titrationC t5e >a1ue o mass transer
coeicient 2i11 ;e dierent rom t5e actua1 and made t5e experiment ai1ed) T5is is ;ecause t5e
co1or indicates t5at t5e $aO% is at equi1i;rium 2it5 t5e samp1e so1ution)