STUDENT REFERENCE

FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS AND PHYSICAL DATA

Gravitational constant.................................................................................

G = 6.67  10
11 N  m 2 kg2

Constant in Coulombs Law ......................................................................

k = 9.00
10 9 N  m 2 C2

Elementary charge.......................................................................................

e = 1.60  10
19 C

Mass of electron ......................................................................................... me = 9.11  10
31 kg

Mass of proton ........................................................................................... m p = 1.67  10
27 kg
Permeability of free space .......................................................................... o = 4  10
7 T  m A
Speed of light..............................................................................................

c = 3.00
108 m s

Earth
radius ............................................................................................

= 6.38
10 6 m

mass ..............................................................................................

= 5.98
10 24 kg

acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Earth

(for the purposes of this examination) ..................................

g = 9.80 m s 2

period of rotation..........................................................................

= 8.61
10 4 s

radius of orbit around Sun ...........................................................

= 1.50
1011 m

period of orbit around Sun...........................................................

= 3.16
10 7 s

radius ............................................................................................

= 1.74
10 6 m

mass ..............................................................................................

= 7.35
10 22 kg

period of rotation..........................................................................

= 2.36
10 6 s

radius of orbit around Earth.........................................................

= 3.84
108 m

period of orbit around Earth.........................................................

= 2.36
10 6 s

mass ..............................................................................................

= 1.98
10 30 kg

Moon

Sun

Assessment Branch
2007/08 School Year

-1-

Physics 12
Student Reference

MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE

METRIC PREFIXES
Prefix

Symbol

Numerical

Exponential

mega
kilo
hecto
deca

M
k
h
da

deci
centi
milli
micro

d
c
m

1 000 000
1 000
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.000001

10 6
10 3
10 2
10 1
10 0
10 1
10 2
10 3
10 6

For Right-angled Triangles:

a2 + b2 = c2
sin
=

b
c

cos
=

a
c

tan
=

b
a

area = ab
2

For All Triangles:

1

area = base  height

2

Sine Law :

sin A sin B sin C

=
=
a
b
c

Cosine Law : c 2 = a 2 + b 2
2 ab cos C

Circle:

Circumference = 2
r
Area =
r 2

Quadratic Equation:

b b 2
4ac
If ax + bx + c = 0, then x =
2a
2

Assessment Branch
2007/08 School Year

-2-

Physics 12
Student Reference

PHYSICS FORMULAE
Gravitation:

Vector Kinematics in Two Dimensions:

v + v0
2

v = v0 + at

v=

v 2 = v0 2 + 2ad

d = v0 t + at 2

F=G

F=k

V =

Ffr = FN

Ep = k
Work, Energy, and Power:
Ep = mgh

Ek = mv 2

P=

W

t

I=

Ep
Q
Q1Q2
r

Q

t

Vterminal =  Ir

p = F
t

F
Q

E=

E=

V
d

V=

kQ
r

kQ
r2

V = IR
P = VI

F = BI l
B = 0 n I = 0

= Fd

 = BA

Circular Motion:

Vback = 
Ir

1
T=
f

F = QvB
N
I
l

 = Bl v
 =
N 
t

Vs N s I p
=
=
Vp N p I s

v 2 4
2r
= 2
r
T

Assessment Branch
2007/08 School Year

E=

Electromagnetism:

Equilibrium:

ac =

Q1Q2
r2

Electric Circuits:

Momentum:

p = mv

m1m2
r

Electrostatics:

Fg = mg

W = Fd

Ep =
G

Vector Dynamics:

Fnet = ma

m1m2
r2

-3-

Physics 12
Student Reference