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P N CHI TIET CHO DU BI AI HOC KHOI A 2009
MON HA HOC MA 860
Cho biet khoi luong nguyen tu (theo dvC) cua cac nguyen to:
H = 1; He= 4 ; C = 12; A = 14; O = 16 ; F=19; Ae=20; Aa = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27;
S = 32; Cl = 35.5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Br = 80;
Ag = 108;Ba =137.
I. PHN CHUNG CHO TAT CA TH SINH (40 cau, t cau 1 den cau 40):
Cau 1: Cho mot luong khi CO di qua ong su dung m gam Fe
2
O
3
nung nong. Sau
mot thi gian thu duoc 10.44 gam chat rn X gom Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
. Ha
tan het X trong dung dich HAO
3
dc, nong thu duoc 4.368 lit AO
2
(san pham khu
duy nhat o dieu kien chuan). Cia tri cua m l
A. 12 B. 24 C. 10.8 D. 16
p n A.
Huong dan giai:
*Phuong php thong thung (phuong php quy doi)
+Quy doi hon hop X thnh Fe v O
+Theo de m
X
=10.44 gam nen: 56n
Fe
+ 16n
O
=10.44 (1)
+L BT E: 3n
Fe
=2n
O
+ n
NO2
(2)
+T (1) v (2) n
Fe
=0.15 mol m=0.5*0.15*160=12 gam (BTNT Fe)
*Phuong php kinh nghiem
+p dung cong thc nhanh: m
Fe
=0.7*m
hon hop oxit Fe
+ 5.6*n
e trao doi
=8.4 gam
+Suy ra : n
Fe
=0.15 mol m=12gam
Cau 2: Dot chay hon ton mot hon hop A (gluco:o, andehit jomic, axit axetic)
can 2.24 lit O
2
(dieu kien chuan). Dan san pham chay qua b inh dung dung dich
Ca(OH)
2
, thay khoi luong binh tng m gam. Cia tri cua m l
A. 6.2 B. 4.4 C. 3.1 D. 12.4
p n A.
Huong dan giai:
+De thay rang cc chat trong hon hop A c cng cong thc don gian
(CH
2
O)
n
+ nO
2
nCO
2
+ nH
2
O
+Theo phuong trnh tren: n
CO2
=n
H2O
=n
O2
=0.1 mol
+Khoi luong bnh tang chnh l khoi luong H
2
O v CO
2
m=6.2 gam.
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Cau 3: Iong so hat cua mot nguyen tu X l 28. X l
A. O B. A C. F D. Ae
p n C.
Huong dan giai:
*Phuong php thong thung
+T dieu kien: p n p 5 . 1 < <
3 5 . 3
T
p
T
< < (vi T l tong so hat)
Theo de ta duoc: 33 . 9 8 < < p
+ p=8 X:O n=8 T=26 (loai)
+ p=9 X: F n=10 T=28 (thoa)
*Phuong php kinh nghiem
V T 60 < (v khc 58) nen p=

]

3
T
=

]

3
28
=9 X: F
Cau 4: Biet Cu co so hieu nguyen tu l 29. Cau hinh electron cua ion Cu
+
l
A. [Ar]3d
10
4s
1
B. [Ar]3d
9
4s
1
C.[Ar]3d
9
D.[Ar]3d
10
p n D.
Huong dan giai:
Cau hnh electron cua Cu l [Ar]3d
10
4s
1
Cu
+
: [Ar]3d
10
Cau 5: Cho phuong trinh hoa hoc:
Al + HAO
3
Al(AO
3
)
3
+ AO + A
2
O + H
2
O
(Biet ti le the tich A
2
O: AO = 1 : 3). Sau khi can bng phuong trinh hoa hoc
tren voi he so cac chat l nhng so nguyen, toi gian thi he so cua HAO
3
l
A. 66 B. 60 C. 64 D. 62
p n A.
Huong dan giai:
*Phuong php thong thung
Can bang phuong trnh bang phuong php oxi ha -khu
*Phuong php kinh nghiem
+p dung cong thc nhanh: n
HNO3
=4n
NO
+10n
N2O
=22n
N2O
+Suy ra he so toi gian cua HNO
3
phai chia het cho 22, trong ca 4 dp n chi
c dp n A l thoa mn.
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Cau 6: Dua mot hon hop khi A
2
v H
2
co ty le 1: 3 vo thap tong hop, sau phan
ung thay the tich khi di ra giam 1/10 so voi ban dau. Iinh thnh phan phan
trm ve the tich cua hon hop khi sau phan ung.
A. 20%, 60%, 20% B. 22.22%, 66.67%, 11.11%
C. 30%, 60%, 10% D. 33.33%, 50%, 16.67%
p n B.
Huong dan giai:
*Phuong php thong thung
N
2
+ 3H
2
2NH
3
Ban dau: 1 3
Phan ng: a 3a 2a
Can bang: 1-a 3-3a 2a
The tch kh giam : 2a
Theo de: 2a/4=1/10 a=0.2 %N
2
% 22 . 22 % 100 *
2 * 2 . 0 4
2 . 0 1
=

= chon B
*Phuong php kinh nghiem
+Trong phan ng c hieu suat nho hon 100%, neu ty le cc chat tham gia phan
ng bang dng he so can bang phuong tr nh th sau phan ng phan chat du cng
c ty le dng bang he so can bang trong phan ng. Cu the trung hop ny l 1:3.
Do d A v B c kha nang l dp n dng
+Trong phan ng tong hop amoniac, the tch kh giam sau phan ng dng
bang the tch kh NH
3
sinh ra, do d, trong trung hop ny, %NH
3
=10% hon hop
dau hay l 1/9=11.11% hon hop sau. Do d B l dp n dng.
Cau 7: Dy gom cac chat no sau day deu co tinh lung tinh ?
A. Al, AaHCO
3
, AaAlO
2
, ZnO, Be(OH)
2
B. H
2
O, Zn(OH)
2
, CH
3
COOAH
4
, H
2
ACH
2
COOH, AaHCO
3
C. AlCl
3
, H
2
O, AaHCO
3
, Zn(OH)
2,
ZnO
D. ZnCl
2
, AlCl
3,
AaAlO
2
, AaHCO
3
, H
2
ACH
2
COOH
p n B
Huong dan giai:
+ Al, ZnCl
2
, AlCl
3
, NaAlO
2
khong phai l chat lung tnh
Cau 8: Co 4 dung dich trong suot , moi dung dich chi chua mot cation v mot
loai anion. Cac loai ion trong ca 4 dung dich gom: Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Pb
2+
, Aa
+
,
SO
4
2-
, Cl
-
, CO
3
2-
, AO
3
-
. Do l 4 dung dich gi?
A. BaCl
2
, MgSO
4
, Aa
2
CO
3
, Pb(AO
3
)
2
B. BaCO
3
, MgSO
4
, AaCl, Pb(AO
3
)
2
C. BaCl
2
, PbSO
4
, MgCl
2
, Aa
2
CO
3
D. Mg(AO
3
)
2
, BaCl
2
, Aa
2
CO
3
, PbSO
4
p n A
Huong dan giai:
+ BaCO
3
, PbSO
4
l nhng chat ket tua nen chi c dp n A l ph hop
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Cau 9: Khi nhiet phan hon ton 100 gam moi chat sau: KClO
3
(xuc tac
MnO
2
), KMnO
4
, KAO
3
v AgAO
3
. Chat tao ra luong O
2
it nhat l
A. KClO
3
B. KMnO
4
C. KAO
3
D. AgAO
3
p n D.
Huong dan giai:
+De thay rang AgNO
3
l chat c phan tu khoi ln nhat nen s c so mol nho
nhat, mat khc n
O2
=
2
3
n
KClO3
=
2
1
n
KMnO4
=
2
1
n
KNO3
=
2
1
n
AgNO3
nen AgNO
3
l chat
tao ra luong O
2
t nhat
Cau 10: Phat bieu no sau day l dung:
A. Photpho trng co cau truc mang tinh the nguyen tu, photpho do co cau
truc polime
B. Aitrophotka l hon hop cua AH
4
H
2
PO
4
v KAO
3
C. Ihuy tinh long l dung dich dam dc cua Aa
2
SiO
3
v K
2
SiO
3
D. Cacbon monooxit v silic dioxit l oxit axit
p n C
Huong dan giai:
+Photpho trang c cau trc mang tinh the phan tu
+Nitrophotka l hon hop cua (NH
4
)
2
HPO4 v KNO
3
+Cacbon monooxit l oxit trung tnh
Cau 11: Cho cac kim loai: Cr, B , Fe , Cu , Cs . Sp xep theo chieu tng dan do
cung t trai sang phai l
A. Cu < Cs < Fe < B < Cr B. Cs < Cu < Fe < B < Cr
C. Cu < Cs < Fe < Cr < B D. Cs < Cu < Fe < Cr < B
p n B
Huong dan giai:
+Kim loai c do cng ln nhat l Cr
+Kim loai c do cng nho nhat l Cs
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Cau 12: Ho tan 5.4 gam bot Al vo 150 ml dung dich A chua Fe(AO
3
)
3
1M v
Cu(AO
3
)
2
1M. Ket thuc phan ung thu duoc m gam rn. Cia tri cua m l
A. 10.95 B. 13.20 C. 13.80 D. 15.20
p n C
Huong dan giai:
n
Al
=0.2 mol : n
Fe(NO3)3
=0.15 mol : n
Cu(NO3)2
=0.15 mol
*Phuong php thong thung
Al + 3Fe
3+
Al
3+
+ 3Fe
2+
0.05 0.15 0.15
2Al + 3Cu
2+
2Al
3+
+ 3Cu
0.1 0.15 0.15
2Al + 3Fe
2+
2Al
3+
+ 3Fe
0.05 0.075 0.075
m=56*0.075 + 64*0.15=13.8 gam
*Phuong php kinh nghiem ( phuong php khoang v BTE)
+V n
Fe3+
+2n
Cu2+
< 3n
Al
< 3n
Fe3+
+2n
Cu2+
+Nen suy ra :
m=0.15*64 + 56*(0.2-0.15/3-0.15*2/3)*3/2=13.8 gam
Cau 13: A l hon hop khi gom SO
2
v CO
2
co ty khoi hoi so voi H
2
l 27. Dan a
mol hon hop khi A qua binh dung 1 lit dung dich AaOH 1.5a M, sau phan ung
co can dung dich thu duoc m gam muoi. Bieu thuc lien he gia m v a l
A. m=105a B. m=103.5a C. m=116a D. m=141a
p n A
Huong dan giai:
M
A
=54
*Phuong php thong thung (phuong php trung b nh)
+Xem A l kh XO
2
v M
A
=54 X=22
Theo de T=n
NaOH
/n
XO2
=1.5 Phan ng sinh ra 2 muoi: NaHXO
3
v Na
2
XO
3
+Mat khc T=0.5 nen n
NaHXO3
=n
Na2XO3
=0.5a mol
Suy ra m=0.5a*94 + 0.5a*116=105a
*Phuong php kinh nghiem
De thay phan ng sinh 2 muoi
p dung cong thc nhanh: m=(54+18)*a + 22*1.5a = 105a
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Cau 14: Suc \ lit CO
2
( dieu kien chuan) vo 200 ml dung dich X gom Ba(OH)
2
1M v AaOH 1M . Sau phan ung thu duoc 19.7 gam ket tua, gia tri cua \ l
A. 2.24 v 4.48 B. 2.24 v 11.2 C. 6.72 v 4.48 D. 5.6v 1.2
p n B
Huong dan giai:
*Phuong php kinh nghiem
n
OH-
=0.6 mol, n
BaCO3
=0.1 mol
+TH1: n
CO2
=n
BaCO3
=0.1mol V=2.24 lt
+TH2: n
CO2
=n
OH-
- n
BaCO3
=0.5 mol V=11.2 lt
Cau 15: Ho tan het m gam Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
vo nuoc duoc dung dich A. Cho 300 ml
dung dich AaOH 1M vo A, thu duoc a gam ket tua. Mc khac, neu cho 4 00 ml
dung dich AaOH 1M vo A, cng thu duoc a gam ket tua. Cia tri cua m l
A. 21.375 B. 42.75 C. 17.1 D. 22.8
p n A
Huong dan giai:
*Phuong php kinh nghiem
+TH1: n
NaOH(1)
=3n
ket tua
=0.3 mol (*)
+TH2: n
NaOH(2)
=4n
Al3+
- n
ket tua
=0.4 mol (**)
+T (*) v (**) suy ra n
Al3+
=0.125 mol m=0.5* 0.125 *342=21.375 gam
Cau 16: A l hon hop cac muoi Cu(AO
3
)
2
, Fe(AO
3
)
2
, Fe(AO
3
)
3
, Mg(AO
3
)
2
.
Irong do O chiem 9.6% ve khoi luong. Cho dung dich KOH du vo dung dich
chua 50 gam muoi A. Loc ket tua thu duoc dem nung trong chan khong den khoi
luong khong doi thu duoc m gam oxit. Cia tri cua m l
A. 47.3 B. 44.6 C. 17.6 D. 39.2
p n B
Huong dan giai:
*Phuong php kinh nghiem (phuong php tang giam khoi luong)
n
NO3
- =
3
1
n
O
=
16 * 100
50 * 6 . 9
*
3
1
=0.1 mol
+So do hop thc: 2NO
3
-
(trong muoi)
O
2-
(trong oxit)
+Theo qui tac tang giam m=50 - *
2
1
n
NO3-
* (2*62-16)=44.6 gam
Cau 17: Cho a mol bot km vo dung dich co ha tan b mol Fe(AO
3
)
3
. Iim dieu
kien lien he gia a v b de sau khi ket thuc phan ung khong co kim loai.
A. a 2b B. b > 3a C. b 2a D. b = 2a/3
p n C
Huong dan giai:
+e sau khi ket thc phan ng khong c kim loai th so mol Fe(NO
3
)
3
va du
hoac du. p dung LBTE b 2a
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Cau 18: Dot chay hon ton 4.872 gam mot Hidrocacbon X, dan san pham
chay qua binh dung dung dich nuoc voi trong. Sau phan ung thu duoc 27.93
gam ket tua v thay khoi luong dung di ch giam 5.586 gam. Cong thuc phan tu
cua X l
A. CH
4
B. C
3
H
6
C. C
4
H
10
D. C
4
H
8
p n C
Huong dan giai:
+V de khong ni nuc voi trong du nen khi dan san pham chy qua b nh
dung dung dich nuc voi trong, ket thc phan ng s sinh 2 muoi
+Ta c: m
CO2
+ m
H2O
=27.93 5.586=22.344 gam
Hay 44n
C
+ 9
H
= 22.344 (1)
+ Theo de: 12n
C
+ n
H
= 4.872 (2)
+T (1) v (2) n
C
:n
H
=4:10C
4
H
10
Cau 19: Dien phan 2 lit dung dich hon hop gom AaCl v CuSO
4
den khi H
2
O bi
dien phan o hai cuc thi dng lai, tai catot thu 1.28 gam kim loai v anot thu
0.336 lit khi (o dieu kien chuan). Coi the tich dung dich khong doi th i pH cua
dung dich thu duoc bng
A. 12 B. 13 C. 2 D. 3
p n C
Huong dan giai:
n
Cu(sinh ra)
=0.02 mol , n
Kh
=0.015 mol
CuSO
4
+ 2NaCl Cu + Cl
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
a mol a mol
+V n
Kh
=0.015 mol nen CuSO
4
du
CuSO
4
+ H
2
O Cu + H
2
SO
4
+
2
1
O
2
b mol 0.5b
+Theo de ta c he

= +
= +
015 . 0 5 . 0
02 . 0
b a
b a
b=0.01mol n
H+
=0.02mol
[H
+
]=0.01pH=2
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Cau 20: Cho t t 150 ml dd HCl 1M vo 500 ml dung dich A gom Aa
2
CO
3
v
AaHCO
3
thi thu duoc 1.008 lit khi (dieu kien chuan) v dung dich B. Cho dung dich
B tac dung voi dung dich Ba(OH)
2
du thi thu duoc 29.55 gam ket tua. Aong do mol
cua Aa
2
CO
3
v AaHCO
3
trong dung dich A lan luot l:
A. 0.18M v 0.26M B. 0.21M v 0.18M
C. 0.21M v 0.32M D. 0.2M v 0.4M
p n B
Huong dan giai:
*Phuong php kinh nghiem (phuong php nham)
+n
HCl
=0.15 mol , n
CO2
=0.045 mol , n
BaCO3
=0.15 mol
+n
Na2CO3
=n
HCl
- n
CO2
=0.105 mol [Na
2
CO
3
]=0.21M
+n
NaHCO3
=n
BaCO3
+ 2n
CO2
- n
HCl
=0.09 mol [NaHCO3]=0.18M
Cau 21: Cho 3.2 gam Cu tac dung voi 100ml dung dich hon hop HAO
3
0.8M v
H
2
SO
4
0.2M, san pham khu duy nhat l khi AO. So gam muoi khan thu duoc l
A. 7.90 B. 8.84 C. 5.64 D. 10.08
p n A
Huong dan giai:
*Phuong php kinh nghiem (3 dong 8 long 2 NO)
n
Cu
=0.05 mol , n
H+
=0.12 mol , n
NO3-
=0.08 mol
+De thay H
+
het truc n
Cu(phan ng )
=0.12/8*3=0.045 mol
n
NO3-(tao muoi)
=(0.08-0.12/4)=0.05 mol
+Suy ra m
muoi
=0.045*64 + 0.05*62 + 0.02*96=7.9 gam
Cau 22: Hy cho biet, phan ung no sau day HCl dong vai tr l chat oxi hoa?
A. Fe + KAO
3
+ 4HCl FeCl
3
+ KCl + AO + 2H
2
O
B. MnO
2
+ 4HCl MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O
C. Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
D. AaOH + HCl AaCl + H
2
O
p n C
Huong dan giai:
+HCl l chat oxi ha khi v chi khi phan ng sinh H
2
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Cau 23 : Cho hon hop kim loai Mg, Zn, Fe vo dung dich chua AgAO
3
v Cu(AO
3
)
2.
.
Sau khi phan ung xay ra hon ton thu duoc dung dich X gom 3 muoi v chat rn
gom ba kim loai. Ba muoi trong X l
A. Mg(AO
3
)
2
, Fe(AO
3
)
3
, AgAO
3
B. Mg(AO
3
)
2
, Zn(AO
3
)
2
, Cu(AO
3
)
2
C. Mg(AO
3
)
2
, Zn(AO
3
)
2
, Fe(AO
3
)
3
D. Mg(AO
3
)
2
, Zn(AO
3
)
2
, Fe(AO
3
)
2
p n D
Huong dan giai:
*Phuong php thong thung (loai tr)
Nguyen tac: Khu manh gap oxi-ho manh
+A) Sai v c muoi sat th dung dich X phai c muoi km
+B) Sai v c muoi dong th dung dich X phai c muoi sat
+C) Sai v c sinh muoi sat III th dung dich X phai c muoi dong
*Phuong php kinh nghiem
+Dng truc oxi- ha khu de thay Y gom: Mg(NO
3
)
2
, Zn(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
2
Cau 24: Cho 6.4 gam dung dich ruou A co nong do 71.875% tac dung voi luong du
Aa thu duoc 2.8 lit H
2
dieu kien chuan. So nguyen tu H co trong cong thuc phan tu
ruou A l
A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10
p n C
Huong dan giai:
m
ruou
=6.4*71.875/100=4.6 gam
m
nuc
=1.8 gam n
nuc
=0.1 mol
n
H2
=0.125 mol
M
ruou
= n *
1 . 0 2 * 125 . 0
6 . 4

=92*n/3 (vi n l so nhm chc OH)

De thay A: C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
Cau 25: Cho cac cong thuc phan tu sau : C
3
H
7
Cl , C
3
H
8
O v C
3
H
9
A. Hy cho biet su
sp xep no sau day theo chieu tng dan so luong dong phan ung voi cac cong thuc
phan tu do?
A. C
3
H
7
Cl < C
3
H
8
O < C
3
H
9
A B. C
3
H
8
O < C
3
H
9
A < C
3
H
7
Cl
C. C
3
H
8
O < C
3
H
7
Cl < C
3
H
9
A D. C
3
H
7
Cl < C
3
H
9
A < C
3
H
8
O
p n A
Huong dan giai:
*Phuong php thong thung :
+Viet dong phan
+ em
*Phuong php kinh nghiem
V Cl c ho tri I, O c ho thi II , N c ho tri III nen so luong dong phan cua
C
3
H
7
Cl < C
3
H
8
O < C
3
H
9
N
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Trang10
Cau 26: Cho 2.46 gam hon hop gom HCOOH, CH
3
COOH, C
6
H
5
OH, H
2
ACH
2
COOH
tac dung va du voi 40 ml dung dich AaOH 1M. Iong khoi luong muoi khan thu duoc
sau khi phan ung l
A. 3.52 gam B. 6.45 gam C. 8.42 gam D. 3.34 gam
p n D
Huong dan giai:
p dung phuong php tang giam khoi luong :
m
muoi
=2.46 + 22* 0.04 =3.34 gam
Cau 27: Dy cac chat deu lm mat mu dung dich thuoc tim l
A. Ltilen, axetilen, andehit jomic, toluen B. Axeton, etilen, andehit axetic, cumen
C. Ben:en, but-1-en, axit jomic, p-xilen D. Xiclobutan, but-1-in, m-xilen, axit axetic
p n A
Huong dan giai:
Axeton, Benzen, Xiclobutan khong lm mat mu dung dich thuoc tm d o nhiet
do cao
Cau 28: Dot chay 1.6 gam mot este L don chuc duoc 3.52 gam CO
2
v 1.152 gam
H
2
O. Aeu cho 10 gam L tac dung voi 150ml dung dich AaOH 1M , co can dung
dich sau phan ung thu duoc 16 gam chat rn khan . \ay cong thuc cua axit tao
nen este tren co the l
A. CH
2
=CH-COOH B. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOH
C. HOOC(CH
2
)
3
CH
2
OH D. HOOC-CH
2
-CH(OH)-CH
3
p n C
Huong dan giai:
*Phuong php kinh nghiem
n
CO2
=0.08 mol , n
H2O
=0.064 mol
n
C
/n
H
=5:8 E: C
5
H
8
O
2
De thay : 10 + 0.15*40 = 16 E l este vngp n C l ph hop
Cau 29: Chat bo A co chi so axit l 7. De x phng hoa 10 kg A, ngui ta dun
nong no voi dung dich chua 1.420 kg AaOH. Sau khi phan ung xay ra hon ton
de trung ho hon hop, can dng 500ml dung dich HCl 1M. Khoi luong x ph ng
(kg) thu duoc l
A. 10.3425 B. 10.3435 C. 10.3445 D. 10.3455
p n A
Huong dan giai:
So mg KOH can de trung ho 10 kg chat bo A l: 10000*7=70000 mg=0. 07 kg
Suy ra NaOH can de trung ho chat bo A l: 0. 07/56=0.00125 kmol
NaOH can dng de phan ng vi 10 kg A l: 1.420/40-0.5/1000=0.035 kmol
p dung dinh luat bao ton khoi luong ta c
m
A
+ m
NaOH(phan ng vi A)
=m
x phng
+ m
glyxerol
+ m
H2O
m
x phng
=10 + 0.035*40 - 0.00125*18 - 92*1/3*(0.035-0.00125)=10.3425 gam
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Trang11
Cau 30: Dy chi chua nhng ami no axit co so nhom amino v so nhom cacboxyl
bng nhau l
A. Cly, Ala, Clu, Iyr B. Cly, \al, Iyr, Ala
C. Cly, \al , Lys, Ala D. Cly, Ala, Clu, Lys
p n B
Huong dan giai:
+Glu c 2 nhm cacboxyl v 1 nhm amino
+Lys c 1 nhm cacboxyl v 2 nhm amino
Cau 31: Cho 29.8 gam hon hop 2 amin don chuc ke tiep tac dung het voi dung dich
HCl, lm kho dung dich thu duoc 51.7 gam muoi khan. Cong th uc phan tu 2 amin
l
A. CH
5
A v C
2
H
7
A B. C
2
H
7
A v C
3
H
9
A
C. C
3
H
9
A v C
4
H
11
A D. C
3
H
7
A v C
4
H
9
A
p n B
Huong dan giai:
M= 67 . 49
5 . 36
8 . 29 7 . 51
8 . 29
=

p n B l ph hop
Cau 32: Cho cac chat: amoniac (1); anilin (2); p -nitroanilin(3); p-metylanilin (4) ;
metylamin (5) ; dimetylamin (6) . Hy chon su sp xep cac chat tren theo thu tu
luc ba: tng dan .
A . (3) < (2) < (4) < (1) < (5) < (6) B . (2) > (3) > (4) > (1) > (5) > (6)
C . (2) < (3) < (4) < (1) < (5) < (6) D . (3) < (1) < (4) <(2) < (5) < (6)
p n A
Huong dan giai:
Mat do electron cng cao th tnh bazo cng manh
Cau 33: Ihuy phan 34.2 gam manto:o voi hieu suat 50%. Sau do tien hnh phan
ung trang bac voi dung dich thu duoc. Khoi luong Ag ket tua l
A. 43.2 gam B. 32.4 gam C. 21.6 gam D. 10.8 gam
p n B
Huong dan giai
Luu
+1mol Mantozo tien hnh phan ng trng bac sinh 2 mol Ag
+1mol Mantozo thuy phan hon ton sau d lay dung dich thu duoc tien hnh phan
ng trng bac sinh 4 mol Ag
n
mantozo
=0.1 mol
+Suy ra : m
Ag
=108*(0.1*0.5*2 + 0.1*0.5*4)=32.4 gam
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Trang12
Cau 34: Cu 45.75 gam cao su buna-S phan ung va het voi 20 gam brom trong CCl
4
. Ii
le mt xich butadien v stiren trong cao su buna-S l
A. 1 : 3 B. 1 : 2 C. 2 : 3 D. 3 : 5
p n A
Huong dan giai
n
Buta-1,3-dien
=n
Brom
=0.125mol
n
Stiren
= 375 . 0
104
54 * 125 . 0 75 . 45
=

mol
Ti le mat xch butadien v stiren trong cao su buna-S l T=0.125/0.375=1:3
Cau 35: Cho cac chat sau : axetilen, axit jomic, jomandehit, phenyl jomat,
gluco:o, andehit axetic, metyl axetat, manto:o, natri jomat, axeton. So chat co the
tham gia phan ung trang guong l
A. 8 B. 7 C. 5 D. 6
p n B
Huong dan giai
Axetilen, metyl axetat, axeton khong tham gia phan ng trng guong
Cau 36: De nhan biet ba lo mat nhn: phenol, stiren, ancol ben:ylic, ngui ta dng
mot thuoc thu duy nhat l
A. Auoc brom B. Dung dich AaOH C. Aa D. Ca(OH)
2
p n A
Huong dan giai
+ Phenol + brom ket tua trang
+ Stiren + brom mat mu dung dich brom
+ Ancol benzylic + brom khong c hien tuong
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Trang13
Cau 37: Hon hop khi X gom H
2
v C
2
H
4
co ti khoi so voi He l 3.75. Dan X qua Ai nung
nong, thu duoc hon hop khi co ti khoi so voi He l 5. Hieu suat cua phan ung hidro hoa
l
A. 40% B. 50% C. 25% D. 20%
p n B
Huong dan giai
*Phuong php thong thung (phuong php dung cho+phuong php 3 d ng)
+Theo de d
X/He
=3.75 nen:
) ( 1
2 75 . 3 * 4
28 75 . 3 * 4
4 2 2
4 2
2
mol x n n
n
n
H C H
H C
H
= = =

=
H
2
+ C
2
H
4
C
2
H
6
Ban dau: x x
Phan ng: x*H% x*H% x*H%
Cn lai : x*(1-H%) x*(1-H%) x*H%
+ Mat khc: d
Y/He
=5 nen:
% 50 % 4 * 5
H%) - (2 * x
30 * H% * x 28 * H%) - (1 * x 2 * H%) - (1 * x
= =
+ +
H
*Phuong php kinh nghiem (phuong php BTKL+tu chon luong chat)
+LBTKL: n
X
*4*3.75=n
Y
*4*5 3n
X
=4n
Y
Chon n
X
=4 mol v n
Y
=3 mol
+So mol kh giam chnh l so mol H
2
phan ng n
H2 phan ng
=1 mol
+Su dung dung cho: n
H2 ban dau
=n
C2H4 ban dau
=2 mol
H%=
2
1
=50%
Cau 38: Dy gom cac chat co the dieu che truc tiep (bng mot phan ung) tao ra axit
axetic l:
A. CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
. B. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
, CH
3
OH, CH
3
CHO.
C. CH
3
CHO, C
6
H
12
O
6
(gluco:o), CH
3
OH. D. CH
3
OH, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO.
p n D
Huong dan giai
+CH
3
OH + CO
t xt ,
CH
3
COOH
+C
2
H
5
OH + O
2

mengim
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O
+2CH
3
CHO +O
2

t xt ,
2CH
3
COOH
Cau 39: Cho dy cac chat: CH
4
, C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
2
=CH-COOH,
C
6
H
5
AH
2
(anilin), C
6
H
5
OH (phenol), C
6
H
6
(ben:en), CH
3
CHO. So chat trong dy phan
ung duoc voi nuoc brom l
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
p n B
Huong dan giai
CH
4
, C
2
H
5
OH , C
6
H
6
(benzen) khong phan ng duoc vi nuc brom
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Trang14
Cau 40: Ruou X, andehit , axit cacboxylic Z co cng so nguyen tu H trong phan tu,
thuoc cac dy dong dng no don chuc mach ho. Dot hon ton hon hop 3 chat ny (co so
mol bng nhau) thu duoc ti le mol CO
2
:H
2
O=11:12 . \ay cong thuc phan tu cua X, ,
Z l:
A. CH
4
O, C
2
H
4
O, C
2
H
4
O
2
B. C
2
H
6
O, C
3
H
6
O, C
3
H
6
O
2
C. C
3
H
8
O, C
4
H
8
O, C
4
H
8
O
2
D. C
4
H
10
O, C
5
H
10
O, C
5
H
10
O
2
p n C
Huong dan giai
*Phuong php kinh nghiem (phuong php tu chon luong chat)
CO
2
:H
2
O=11:12 chon n
CO2
=11 mol v n
H2O
= 12 mol
Suy ra n
X
=12-11=1 mol
V 3 chat c so mol bang nhau nen so nguyen tu H trong moi chat l
H= 8
1 * 3
2 * 12
=
II. PHN RIENG [10 cau] :Th sinh ch duoc lm mot trong hai phan (phan A hoac
B)
A. Theo chuong trnh Chuan (10 cau, t cau 41 den cau 50)
Cau 41: Cho cac dung dich sau: Aa
2
CO
3
, AaOH v CH
3
COOAa co cng nong do mol/l
v co cac gia tri pH tuong ung l pH
1
, pH
2
v pH
3
. Su sp xep no dung voi trinh tu tng
dan pH.
A. pH
3
< pH
1
< pH
2
B. pH
3
< pH
2
< pH
1
C. pH
1
< pH
3
< pH
2
D. pH
1
< pH
2
< pH
3
p n A
Huong dan giai
Tnh bazo cng manh th pH cng cao v tnh bazo cua
NaOH>Na
2
CO
3
>CH
3
COONa nen pH
3
< pH
1
< pH
2
Cau 42: Cho 13.8 gam axit A tac dung voi 16.8 gam KOH , co can dung dich sau phan
ung thu duoc 26.46 gam chat rn. cong thuc cau tao thu gon cua A l
A. C
3
H
6
COOH B. C
2
H
5
COOH C. CH
3
COOH D. HCOOH
p n C
Huong dan giai
*Phuong php kinh nghiem (phuong php bao ton khoi luong)
+n
KOH
=0.3 mol v 2 . 88
3 . 0
46 . 26
= (le) nen KOH du
+m
H2O
= 13.8 + 16.8 26.46=4.14 gam n
A
=n
H2O
=4.14/18=0.23 mol
Suy ra M
A
=13.8/0.23=60
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Trang15
Cau 43: Chon phat bieu dung:
A. Iinh oxi hoa cua Ag
+
> Cu
2+
> Fe
3+
> Ai
2+
> Fe
2+
B. Iinh khu cua K > Mg > Zn > Ai > Fe > Hg
C. Iinh khu cua K > Fe > Cu > /
-
> Fe
2+
> Ag
D. Iinh oxi hoa cua Ag
+
> /
2
> Fe
3+
> Cu
2+
> S
2-
p n C
Huong dan giai
+A) Sai v tnh oxi ha cua Fe
3+
>Cu
2+
+B) Sai v tnh khu cua Fe>Ni
+D) Sai v tnh oxi ha cua Fe
3+
> I
2
Cau 44: Can toi thieu bao nhieu gam AaOH (m
1
) v Cl
2
(m
2
) de phan ung hon ton voi
0.01 mol CrCl
3
. Cia tri cua m
1
v m
2
lan luot l
A. 3.2 v 1.065 B. 3.2 v 0.5325 C. 6.4 v 0.5325 D. 6.4 v 1.065
p n A
Huong dan giai
*Phuong php thong thung (Tnh theo phuong tr nh)
2CrCl
3
+ 16NaOH + 3Cl
2
2Na
2
CrO
4
+ 12NaCl + 8H
2
O
0.01 mol 0.08 0.015
Suy ra m
NaOH
=3.2 gam v m
Cl2
=1.065 gam
*Phuong php kinh nghiem ( BTE+ BTNT)
+BTE: 3n
CrCl3
=2n
Cl2
n
Cl2
=0.015 mol m
Cl2
=1.065 gam
+BTNT: n
NaOH
=2n
Na2CrO4
+ n
NaCl
=8n
CrCl3
=0.08 mol m
NaOH
=3.2 gam
Cau 45: Chi dng mot thuoc thu phan biet cac kim loai sau: Mg, Zn, Fe, Ba?
A. Dung dich AaOH
B. Dung dich H
2
SO
4
long
C. Dung dich HCl
D. Auoc
p n B
Huong dan giai
Cho moi mau thu kim loai tc dung vi moi ong nghiem dung dung dich H
2
SO
4
long , ong nghiem c tao ket tua trang th kim loai cho vo l Ba, tiep tuc cho Ba du
vo v trong dung dich c nuc nen Ba s tc dung vi nuc tao Ba(OH)
2
lay dung dich
thu duoc lm thuoc thu, cho t t cho den du vo 3 ong nghiem cn lai:
+ong nghiem no chi tao ket tua trang th kim loai cho vo l Mg
+ ong nghiem no tao ket tua trang sau d ket tua tan het th kim loai cho vo l Zn
+ ong nghiem no tao ket tua mu luc nhat sau d chuyen sang mu nau do th kim loai
cho vo l Fe
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Trang16
Cau 46: Dot chay hon ton 1 mol ancol no A can 3.5 mol O
2
. Cong thuc phan tu cua A
l
A. C
2
H
6
O B. C
2
H
6
O
2
C. C
3
H
8
O
3
D. C
3
H
6
O
2
p n C
Huong dan giai
*Phuong php thong thung
+at cong thc A l C
n
H
2n+2
O
x
C
n
H
2n+2
O
x
+ (
4
2 2 6 x n +
) O
2
nCO
2
+ (n+1)H
2
O
+Theo de: (
4
2 2 6 x n +
)=3.5 6n 2x =12 n=3 v x=3
*Phuong php kinh nghiem
V = 5 . 3
2
A
O
n
n
So C = So O=3
Cau 47: Cho 0.1 mol chat X ( CH
6
O
3
A
2
) tac dung voi dung dich chua 0.2 mol AaOH dun
nong thu duoc chat khi lm xanh giay qui tim am v dung dich . Co can dung dich thu
duoc m gam rn khan. Cia tri cua m l
A. 8.5 B. 12.5 C. 15 D. 21.8
p n B
Huong dan giai
+T gia thiet suy ra cong thc cau tao cua X l: CH
3
NH
3
NO
3
+Ran gom : NaOH du(0.1 mol) v NaNO
3
( 0.1 mol)
m=0.1* 40 + 0.1 *85 =12.5 gam
Cau 48: Ho tan 19.2 gam Cu vo 500 ml dung dich AaAO
3
1M, sau do them vo
500ml dung dich HCl 2M . Ket thuc phan ung thu duoc dung dich X v khi AO duy
nhat, phai them bao nhieu ml dung dich AaOH 1M vo X de ket tua het ion Cu
2+
A. 600 B. 800 C. 400 D. 120
p n B
Huong dan giai
n
Cu
=0.3 mol , n
H+
=1mol , n
NO3
- =0.5 mol
*Phuong php kinh nghiem ( 3dong 8 long 2NO)
+De thay H
+
du v Cu phan ng het: n
H+(du)
=1 0.3/3 * 8=0.2 mol
+e ket tua het ion Cu
2+
th
n
NaOH
=n
H+(du)
+ 2n
Cu
=0.2 + 2*0.3 =0.8 mol V=800 ml
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Trang17
Cau 49: Ihuy phan hon ton mot luong manto:o, sau do cho ton bo luong gluco:o
thu duoc len men thnh ancol etylic thi thu duoc 100 ml ancol 46
0
. Khoi luong rieng
cua ancol l 0,8gam/ml. Hap thu ton bo khi CO
2
vo dung dich AaOH du thu duoc
muoi co khoi luong l
A. 106 gam B. 84.8 gam C. 212 gam D.169.6 gam
p n B
Huong dan giai
+So mol CO
2
: n
CO2
=n
Etylic
=46*0.8/46=0.8 mol m
muoi
=m
Na2CO3
=106*0.8=84.8 gam
Cau 50: Hidrat hoa 3.36 lit C
2
H
2
( dieu kien chuan) thu duoc hon hop A ( hieu suat
phan ung 60%) . Cho hon hop san pham A tac dung voi d ung dich Ag
2
O/AH
3
du thu
duoc m gam chat rn. Cia tri cua m l
A. 19.44 B. 33.84 C. 14.4 D. 48.24
p n B
Huong dan giai
n
C2H2
=0.15 mol
+Hon hop A gom 0.09 mol CH
3
CHO v 0.06 mol C
2
H
2
du
+Ran gom Ag v C
2
Ag
2
m=108* 2*0.09 + 240* 0.06=33.84 gam
B. Theo chuong trnh Nang cao (10 cau, t cau 51 den cau 60)
Cau 51: Xt phan ung thuan nghich sau:
SO
2
(k) + AO
2
(k) SO
3
(k) + AO(k).
Cho 0.11(mol) SO
2
, 0.1(mol) AO
2
, 0.07(mol) SO
3
vo binh kin 1 lit. Khi dat can bng
hoa hoc thi cn lai 0.02(mol) AO
2
. \ay hng so can bng K
C
l
A. 18 B. 20 C. 23 D. 0.05
p n B
Huong dan giai
+Phuong php 3 dng:
SO
2
(k) + NO
2
(k) SO
3
(k) + NO(k)
Ban dau : 0.11 0.1 0.07
Phan ng: 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
Can bang: 0.03 0.02 0.15 0.08
Suy ra K
C
= 20
02 . 0 * 03 . 0
15 . 0 * 08 . 0
=
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Trang18
Cau 52: Cho Aa du tac dung voi a gam dung dich CH
3
COOH. Ket thuc phan ung, thay
khoi luong H
2
sinh ra l
240
11a
. \ay nong do C% dung dich axit l
A. 10% B. 25% C. 4.58% D. 36%
p n B
Huong dan giai
H
2
sinh ra do Na phan ng vi CH
3
COOH v nuc trong dung dich
Suy ra:
240
11
18
%) 1 ( *
60
% * a C a C a
=

+ C%=25%
Cau 53: Cho 0.1 mol hon hop X gom hai andehit no, don chuc, mach ho, ke tiep nhau
trong dy dong dng tac dung voi luong du dung dich AgAO
3
trong AH
3
, dun nong thu
duoc 32.4 gam Ag. Hai andehit trong X l
A. CH
3
CHO v C
2
H
5
CHO. B. CH
3
CHO v C
3
H
5
CHO.
C. HCHO v CH
3
CHO. D. HCHO v C
2
H
5
CHO.
p n C
Huong dan giai
n
Ag
=0.3
+V n
Ag
/n
X
=3 v X gom hai andehit no, don chc nen X phai cha HCHO mat khc l
hai andehit ke tiep nhau trong dy dong dang nen chi c dp n C l ph hop
Cau 54: Dy gom cac kim loai deu tac dung duoc voi dung dich FeCl
3
l:
A. Fe, Mg, Cu, Ag, Al B. Fe, Zn, Cu, Al, Mg
C. Cu, Ag, Au, Mg, Fe D. Au, Cu, Al, Mg, Zn
p n B
Huong dan giai
Ag, Au khong tc dung vi dung dich FeCl
3
Cau 55: Can bao nhieu a mol K
2
Cr
2
O
7
v b mol HCl de dieu che duoc 3.36 lit Cl
2
dieu
kien chuan. Cia tri a v b lan luot l:
A. 0.05 v 0.7 B. 0.05 v 0.35
C. 0.1 v 0.7 D. 0.1 v 0.35
p n A
Huong dan giai
*Phuong php thong thung (Tnh theo phuong trnh)
n
Cl2
=0.15 mol
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ 14HCl 2CrCl
3
+ 2KCl +3Cl
2
+ 7H
2
O
0.05 mol 0.7 mol 0.15 mol
*Phuong php kinh nghiem (BTE + BTNT)
+BTE: 6
7 2 2
O Cr K
n
=2
2
Cl
n

7 2 2
O Cr K
n
= 0.15/3=0.05 mol
+BTNT: n
HCl
=3
3
CrCl
n
+ n
KCl
+ 2
2
Cl
n
=14
7 2 2
O Cr K
n
=0.7 mol
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Trang19
Cau 56: Ha tan hon ton hon hop gom FeS
2
0.24 mol v Cu
2
S vo dung dich HAO
3
va du thu duoc dung dich X (chi chua hai muoi sunjat) v \ lit khi AO duy nhat . Cia tri
cua \ l
A. 34.048 B. 35.84 C. 31.36 D. 25.088
p n B
Huong dan giai
*Phuong php thong thung (BTT+BTNT+ BTE)
+Goi a l so mol Cu
2
S. Dung dich X cha cc ion: Fe
3+
, Cu
2+
, SO
4
2-
+BTT: 3n
Fe3+
+ 2n
Cu2+
= 2 2
4
SO
n
+ BTNT: 3*0.24 + 2*2a = 2*(2*0.24 + a)
a=0.12 mol
+BTE: 15*0.24 + 0.12*10 = n
NO
*3n
NO
=1.6 mol V=35.84 lt
*Phuong php kinh nghiem
+p dung cong thc nhanh
) ( 12 . 0
2
1
2 2
mol n n
FeS S Cu
= =
+BTE: 15*0.24 + 0.12*10 = n
NO
*3n
NO
=1.6 mol V=35.84 lt
Cau 57: De nhan biet cac khi: CO
2
, SO
2
, H
2
S, A
2
can dng cac dung dich:
A. Auoc brom v AaOH B. AaOH v Ca(OH)
2
C. Auoc brom v Ca(OH)
2
D. KMnO
4
v AaOH
p n C
Huong dan giai
*Dng nuc brom ta phan biet duoc 2 nhm:
+Nhm I: Lm mat mu dung dich brom gom SO
2
v H
2
S
+Nhm II:Khong lm mat mu dung dich brom gom CO
2
v N
2
*Dng Ca(OH)
2
ta nhan biet duoc SO
2
v CO
2
c xuat hien ket tua trang
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Trang20
Cau 58: Dot chay hon ton 1 mol ancol no A can 2.5 mol O
2
. Cong thuc phan tu cua A
l
A. C
2
H
6
O B. C
2
H
6
O
2
C. C
3
H
8
O
3
D. C
3
H
6
O
2
p n B
Huong dan giai
*Phuong php thong thung
at cong thc A l C
n
H
2n+2
O
x
C
n
H
2n+2
O
x
+ (
4
2 2 6 x n +
) O
2
nCO
2
+ (n+1)H
2
O
+Theo de: (
4
2 2 6 x n +
)=2.5 6n 2x =8 n=2 v x=2
*Phuong php kinh nghiem
V = 5 . 2
2
A
O
n
n
So C = So O=2
Cau 59: Cho 20 gam hon hop 3 amin no don chuc l dong dng ke tiep co ti le mol tuong
ung l 1: 10 : 5, tac dung va du voi dung dich HCl thu duoc 31.68 gam hon hop muoi.
Iong so dong phan cua 3 amin tren l
A. 7 B. 14 C. 28 D. 16
p n B
Huong dan giai
*Phuong php kinh nghiem
+M
amin
= 5 . 62
5 . 36
20 68 . 31
20
=

+Goi X l amin c phan tu khoi nho nhat. Theo gia thiet ta c

X + 10*(X+14) + 5*(X+28) = 62.5*(1+ 10 + 5) X=45
+Suy ra 3 amin tren l: C
2
H
7
N, C
3
H
9
N, C
4
H
11
N
+ p dung cong thc tnh so dong phan: T= 2
1
+ 2
2
+ 2
3
=14
Cau 60: Len men m gam gluco:o voi hieu suat 90%, luong CO
2
sinh ra hap thu het vo
nuoc voi trong thu duoc 15 gam ket tua v khoi luong dung dich giam 5.1 gam. Cia tri m
l
A. 20.25 B. 22.5 C. 30 D. 45
p n B
Huong dan giai
m
CO2
= 15 -5.1 =9.9 gam n
CO2
= 0.225 mol
Suy ra m= 0.5 * 0.225*180*100/90 = 22.5 gam
Agy 10 thang 6 nm 2010, IHPI Ago Cia Iu-Phu Lam Iuy Ho-Phu en
Kekila_kekilayahoo.com Vs Ihiensutinhyeu_9122000yahoo.com
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