Thit k - M phng mch v v mch in

Thit k - M phng mch v

v mch in
Bi:
unknown

THIT K M PHNG MCH V V MCH IN

MC TIU
Gip sinh vin bc u lm quen vi cc phn mm sau: MultisimV6.20 (Electronics
WorkBench) dng m phng cc mch tng t v mch s; OrCADRelease 9 dng
v Schematic, m phng v v mch in (PCB).
THAM KHO
[1]. OrCAD Inc., Users Guide - Capture, 1998.
[2]. OrCAD Inc., Users Guide - Layout, 1998.
[3]. http://www.electronicsworkbench.com/tutorial/
[4]. http://www.rit.edu/~labeee/
THC HNH
Mcd Multisim v OrCAD/Pspice l cc phn mm rt ln vi nhiu tnh nng p
dng mnh v phc tp, nhng sinh vin chuyn ngnh in t hon ton c th t
nghin cu c. Do , bi th nghim ny l khng bt buc i vi tt c sinh vin
(c bit l sinh vin Tin hc, nu c).
Trong trng hp sinh vin khng chn bi th nghim ny th c th chn Control
System Toolbox (i vi sinh vin KT) hoc Communications Toolbox (i vi
sinh vin Vin Thng) hoc Image Processing Toolbox (i vi sinh vin Tin hc) ca
MATLAB kho st.

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Thit k - M phng mch v v mch in

Bi th nghim ny tng i di, sinh vin cn sp xp thi gian hp l thc hin

cc cng vic sau:
Multisim
Trong phn ny, chng ta s lm quen vi Multisim 6.20 (hin c Multisim 2001
hon thin hn), y l Version mi ca Electronics WorkBench 5.x, n cho php s
dng kt hp th vin linh kin Analog v Digital vi nhiu cng c thn thin, h tr
tuyt vi cho vic m phng cc mch in t.
1. Khi ng Multisim:
Chy file Multisim.exe t Start menu ca Windows
Nhp vo biu tng
trn Desktop.
2. Sinh vin hy nhp chut vo cc th vin linh kin ca Multisim trn Menu bn tri
ca ca s chnh c ci nhn tng qut v cc linh kin chc nng.
Khi mun t linh kin no vo khng gian thit k, ch cn nhp chut vo
linh kin , ri chn thng s ph hp v t vo v tr mong mun.
to mt kt ni gia 2 im, ch cn nhp chut vo im th nht ri ko
n im th hai v nhp chut ln na.

Hnh 7.1 Giao din chnh ca MultiSIM

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Thit k - M phng mch v v mch in

3. Sinh vin hy v v m phng mch in sau:

Hnh 7.2 Mt mch in in hnh

Dng Osilsoscope quan st dng tn hiu chn 2-6 v chn 3 ca LM555.

Hy c lng tn s giao ng v chu k thao tc ca mch.
Kinh nghim: i lc Multisim a ra bng thng bo li trong qu trnh m phng hay
hiu chnh thng s ca cc linh kin. Trng hp , ta g b khi Osilloscope, hiu
chnh v m phng vi ln ri gn Osilloscope tr li quan st dng tn hiu. Ngoi
ra, nu trong mch c s dng cc IC s (74xxx, 40xxx, ) ta phi c ngun Vcc=5V
nh hnh v trn.
OrCAD
Cc chc nng chnh ca OrCad gm: V s mch (OrCAD Capture), m phng
mch (OrCAD Pspice) v v mch in (OrCAD Layout). Tuy nhin, trong phn th
nghim ny chng ta khng cp n OrCAD Pspice (y l mt trong nhng chc
nng rt mnh ca OrCAD phin bn 9.0 tr ln, ngh sinh vin t nghin cu).
V s mch (Schematic)

1. Khi ng OrCAD Capture bng mt trong cc cch sau:

Chn Capture CIS t Start Menu ca Window
Nhp vo biu tng
trn desktop

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Thit k - M phng mch v v mch in

to mt Project mi cho vic v s mch ta thc hin:

Chn File New Project hoc nhp vo icon trn Menu bar
Khi hp thoi New Project xut hin: Chn Schematic v t tn project
trong menu Name (gi s l BaiTN7). C th chn th mc lu project ny
trong menu Location.
Mi trng v mch xut hin khi ta nhp p vo PAGE1 (hnh 7.3). T y ta ln
lt t cc linh kin vo v kt ni c s mong mun.

Hnh 7.3 Mi trng v mch in ca OrCAD

S dng Menu tt sau:

(Hnh 7.4)

2. Sinh vin hy v s mch nh hnh sau. Trong cc th vin linh kin c s

dng nh sau:
Discrete: R, Capacitor Pol, Capacitor Non-Pol, Resistor Var, Photo PNP v
Speaker.
Opamp: TL082
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Thit k - M phng mch v v mch in

Amplifier: LM386
Lu Schematic va v vi tn BaiTN7.

(Hnh 7.5)

To Netlist

Sau khi lu s va v, to Netlist phc v cho vic v mch in ta thc hin nh

sau:
ng ca s Schematic1:Page1, quay v Project Management BaiTN7

(Hnh 7.6)

Chn Tools Annotate nh s th t cho linh kin.

Chn Tool Create Netlist. to Netlist.
Khi ca s Create Netlist xut hin, ta chn layout Tab (file d liu netlist
l BaiTN7.MNL), OK.
Nu m bo rng c file BaiTN7.MNL trong th mc hin hnh th thot khi OrCAD
Capture chun b cho vic v mch in.
Lu : Trong phn trn chng ta khng cp n chc nng Kim tra mch ca
OrCAD v mt s chc nng h tr khc.

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Thit k - M phng mch v v mch in

V mch in (Printed Circuit Board-PCB)

1. Khi ng OrCAD Layout bng mt trong cc cch sau:

Chn Layout Plus trong Start Menu ca Window
Nhp vo biu tng
trn desktop.
Chn File New to mt PCB layout mi
Sau thao tc ny, ca s Load Template File xut hin, ta cn t ng dn ch n
file DEFAULT.tch trong OrCAD/Layout_plus/DATA. Sau thc hin np file Netlist
va to bc III.3.2 (v d: BaiTN7.MNL).
2. t footprint cho cc linh kin:
Nu trong qu trnh v Schematic ta khng chn footprint cho cc linh kin mi khi t
vo th bc ny OrCAD s yu cu chn kiu chn cho cc linh kin theo menu sau:

(Hnh 7.7)

Nhp vo menu Link existing footprint to component , chn la kiu chn ph

hp cho tng loi linh kin. bc ny, kiu chn linh kin cn chn ng kch thc
(c th phi to cc footprint mi). i vi bi th nghim ny, sinh vin c th tham
kho bng sau:
Linh kin

Footprint

Th vin

Jumper600

JUMPER

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Thit k - M phng mch v v mch in

CPCYL1/D.200/LS.100/.031

TM_CAP_P

Photo NPN

TO92

TO

TL082, LM386 DIP.100/8/W.300/LS.100/.425 DIP100T

VR

VRES1

VRES

Speaker

CYL/D.150/LS.100/.31

TM_CYLND

3. Sp xp linh kin: Quan st menu bar, chn chc nng thch hp v sp xp cc linh
kin trn board mch. bc ny, nu cn thit ta c th a vo thm cc linh kin
mi, chng hn cc l (hold) bt c cho board mch.

(Hnh 7.8)

4. t kch thc cc ng mch v khai bo s lp:

Chn Options Global Spacing t khong cch gia Track, Via v
Pad:

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Thit k - M phng mch v v mch in

(Hnh 7.9)

Chn Options Jumper Settings ,OK hoc View SpreadSheet Layer

bo s lp v. Trong bi th nghim ny, ta v board mch 2 lp, nn ch c
TOP v BOTTOM l Routing.

(Hnh 7.10)

Chn View SpreadSheet Nets t kch thc cc ng mch:

(Hnh 7.11)

5. V mch: OrCAD h tr nhiu nhiu chin lc v mch. khai thc tt cc chin

lc ny i hi phi c mt s kinh nghim nht nh. Thng thng, ngi ta hay v
cc ng Ngun Mass vi cc t lc ngun thch hp trc, sau thc hin v t
ng tng phn v cui cng kt ni cc phn va v. Nn nh rng, ch v t ng
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Thit k - M phng mch v v mch in

ch gip gim thi gian, khng c phn mm no v mch t ng tt hn t duy ca

con ngi.

(Hnh 7.12)

Mt s thng s cn lu (p dng cho cc sinh vin v v thu gia cng mch Lun
vn tt nghip ti mt s c s Tp. HCM):
ng knh ti thiu ca cc l chn cm v cc via xuyn mch: 55 mils
(1000 mils=1 inches). Cc l chn linh kin nn t thnh hnh oval.
rng ti thiu ca cc ng mch (track width): 15 mils (hin nay ti Tp.
HCM mt s cng ty c th thc hin mch vi rng ng 6 mils).
Khong cch Track to Track nn >15 mils
c th v xuyn qua gia 2 chn IC, phi t khong cch Track to Pad
thch hp, nn 12 ? 15 mils.
T CHN
1. T thit k v m phng mt mch in t bng Multsim
2. V mch in cho mch va thit k bng OrCAD.

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