HONORS CHEMISTRY

SUMMER 2014
Noble gases have the most
stable electron
configuration of all atoms
in a period.
Atoms are more stable with full
valence shells.
Metals have a low electronegativity (low ability to
attract electrons) and a low ionization energy (easy
to lose electrons).
Metals will lose electrons to obtain a full
valence shell like the noble gas in the
period above them.
Nonmetals have a high electronegativity (high ability
to attract electrons) and a high ionization energy
(hard to lose electrons).
Nonmetals will gain electrons to obtain a
full valence shell like the noble gas in the
same period.
When a metal atom loses electrons, it no longer has
a neutral charge.
A charged atom is known as an ion.
Cations refer to positively charged ions.
Proton charge (+1 x 12) = +12
Electron charge (-1 x 12) = -12
Net charge = 0
Proton charge (+1 x 12) = +12
Electron charge (-1 x 11) = -11
Net charge = +1
When a nonmetal atom gains electrons, it no longer
has a neutral charge.
Again, a charged atom is known as an ion.
Anions refer to negatively charged ions.
Proton charge (+1 x 16) = +16
Electron charge (-1 x 16) = -16
Net charge = 0
Proton charge (+1 x 16) = +16
Electron charge (-1 x 18) = -18
Net charge = -2
For metals in groups 1A, 2A, and 3A, the
cation charge is equal to the number of valence
electrons lost.
For nonmetals, the anion charge is
equal to the negative number of
electrons gained.
The charge sign is written to the
right of the number.
1) What is the charge of the ion that forms from a
nitrogen (N) atom?
2) What is the charge of the ion that forms from a
magnesium (Mg) atom?
3) What is the charge of the ion that forms from a
fluorine (F) atom?
4) What is the charge of the ion that forms from an
aluminum (Al) atom?
Group 1A, 2A, and 3A cations keep the name of the
parent atom.
Anions are named from the root of the nonmetal
and add an ide ending.
5) What is the name of the Ba
2+
ion?
A) barium
B) baride
C) boron
6) What is the name of the Cl
1-
ion?
A) chlorine
B) chlorium
C) chloride
7) What is the name of the ion that forms from a
nitrogen atom?
A) nitrogen
B) nitride
C) nitroxide
8) What is the name of the ion that forms from a
potassium atom?
A) potassium
B) potasside
C) potassygen