anistuuna

Egyptian Colloquial

Naahid

tawni

(Nawny @ aucegypt.edu)

Designer

Dr. Ahmad p f i i f i

A writer's prayer

God, I have knowledge,

So will you show me now
How to use it wisely
And find a way somehow
To make the world I live in
A little better place..
And make life with its problems
A bit easier to face..
Grant me faith and courage
And put purpose in my days..
And show me how to serve Thee
In the most effective ways
So all my education,
My knowledge and my skill,
May find their true fulfillment
As I learn to do Thy Will
And may I ever be aware
In everything I do
That knowledge come from learning..
And wisdom comes from you.
Anonymous

Acknowledgements
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all who supported and
encouraged me throughout the completion of this book.

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to Dr. El SaidBadawi,

chairman and director of the Arabic Language Institute (ALI) at the American
University for his supportive guidance, valuable remarks and great assistance.
Thank you.
I would like to sincerely thank Dr. David Wilmsen, director of the Arabic
Language Division (ALD) in the Center for Adults and Continuing Education
(CACE) at the American University, for his wise comments and valuable remarks.
Thank you.
I owe a special debt and gratitude to Dr. Richard Cahill, director of the
Middle East Studies Program (MESP), for his worthy advice, support and great
help.
Thank you.
Special thanks and gratitude owed to my dear friend Mohamed Eid for his
insightful comments and constructive criticism which guided me in writing this
book.
Thank you.
Due thanks are conveyed to Dalia Samir for her forbearance and generosity
in time and effort in writing down the book.
Thank you.
My warmest gratitude and appreciation go to the members of my family
especially my brother Mamdouh, my daughter Noha and my son in law Mohamed
who spared no effort, and supported me with inexhaustible patience and
indispensable inspiration which helped me pass this book into light.
Thank you.
Last, but not least. many thanks go to my dear students, at the American
University (AUC) and the Middle East Studies Program (MESP), who were the
subjects upon whom I exercised and experienced this book. Their remarks and
feedback were greatly useful and beneficial.
Thank you.

INTRODUCTION
Arabic is one of the major languages in the world. It is widely spread on two
continents.
It is the official language of about 22 countries with a total
population of about 120 millions which places it among the top ten tongues of
the planet in regard to the number of speakers.
Arabic belongs to the Semitic family of languages and the term Arabic is used to
describe two different classes or forms of the same language.
The first is j G H a or the 'pure' language, and it involves two levels, the
Classical Arabic which is the language of the 'Kur'aan' the holy book of Islam,
and the Modem Standard Arabic or the Modem Literary Arabic.
The second 1.s the ? m ~ \ .~. ~ a which
.
is the colloquial or the common language,
and it is of three levels. the Educated Spoken Arabic, the Enlightened Spoken
Arabic, and the Illiterate Spoken Arabic.

The main object of this book is to introduce the Educated Spoken Arabic or
Language which takes the two features of both fuSHa and ^amrniyya and which
is a kind of reduced fuSHa and standardized colloquial. It is the spoken Arabic
of Egypt which aims to provide easy access to the Arabic which Egyptians,
particularly the educated of Cairo and Alexandria, learn in the house and use in
everyday life.
Thus this course is based on a functional approach yet the essential rules of
grammar, which only without which communication may fail, will be provided.
The main emphasis though will be on conversational pieces with vocabulary
expressions and some idiomatic formulas that are commonly used in everyday
life. In other words, the language itself will be presented not theories about it.
The main concern is to ensure that learners can speak and understand the
language in the shortest time available and in the simplest way possible. In
short, the focus will be on fluency rather than accuracy. The explanation, rules,
and instructions are also provided in English to ensure full understanding. Also
a good amount of drills & exercises are provided to guarantee reinforcement.

This book consists of:

First:

Preliminary stage involving 4 stages.

Second: Two units, each unit consists of 5 lessons one of which is a review for
the 4 previous lessons.
Third:

Appendices A, B, C

Fourth:

Glossary

Fifth:

Useful vocabulary for survi~alArabic

The preliminary stage consists of the very basic rules that any beginner should
be familiarized with, as an introductory stage that is essential to Arabic language
learning. This section is sequenced according to students' level. The teacher
begins with stage 1 if the students ha\-e no idea about the Arabic language script.
The teacher may move to stage 2 if the students know the Alphabets well but do
not know how to read or wnte. The teacher may, as well, move directly to stage
3 if the students know the basic rules of the Arabic script and can fairly read or
write. Stage 4 is a continuum of stage 3.
Each lesson begins with a picture, which illustrates the main objective of the
lesson.
In order to help students develop the language as fast as possible and to acquire
native like pronunciation and intonation, a tape is also provided together with
flashcards to challenge the students and enhance their listening comprehension.
Reading comprehension and creating conversational skits are also reinforced.
As the colloquial is basically the spoken language, listening and speaking are the
two skills of the language that are intensively emphasized. Reading and writing
are only used as a guide for students on learning the language and implementing
their assignments.

Some appendices are also added at the end for further instruction.
A Glossary is also provided.
A group of useful vocabulary words, which non-native speakers may need, to
survive with Arabic at the very beginning.

Table Of Contents
Page

I.

Introduction

\&+L

+a

II. Table of contents

111. Preliminary stages

IV.

J\

Stage 1

Alphabets & numbers

.........................................................

Stage 2

Consonants & v w e l s

.........................................................

Stage 3

Masculine & feminine

Stage 4

Sentences & phrases

........................................................1 1

.........................................................
1V

Unit one
Lesson 1
f

Dialogue: Pleased to meet you.

Nationalities
Occupations
Verbs: present /present continuous

Lesson 2
Dialogue: Sorry I am late.
Time & place expressions
The clock
Verbs: present /present continuous

&A

Lesson 3
Dialogue: Doyou have fresh eggs? %j&
Singulars, duals & plurals
Plurals with numbers
Verbs: present /present contin uous

.. d

&I

Lesson 4
Adjectives and Colors
The weather
The participles

Lesson 5
Review

V.

Unit Two
Lesson 6
Dialogue: I want to get a ticket
The verb: Present tense
Exercises
Proverbs

Lesson 7
Dialogue: Clean theflat well
The verb: Imperative tense
Exercises
Proverbs

Lesson 8
e

Dialogue: I have a stomach ache doctor s

.
3
The verb: Continuous &future tense
Proverbs

4 Ak

VII

..........A f

Lesson 9
Dialogue: How did you spend your holiday? T&
The verb: Past tense
Exercises
Proverbs

Lesson 10
Review

VI.

Appendices
Appendix A
List of verbs

Appendix B
Different kinds of pronouns

Appendix C
Possessive pronouns

VII.

Glossary

VIII.

Survival Arabic

gjbv\4-(

Preliminary Stage

-uwl&
..
I!-

&a
.. d
li21y9f

9 &if1

Sounds that Change in Shiftins from FuSHa to tammiya

_

is-

^
(glottal stop)

The following t^letititbe~~neflofIltbelettenoftheArd>kah)habeLmtrunKterati

i a introducedin t
b atqp to help hpronunciation. The sound of the letter ia our main concern.
Guide to
Pronunciation
Meaning
Name 1 ~
~ I Transliteration
b
i
~
of letter
FQXBL
pronunciation .
'alf/hamza
answer
aid
food
I/&
big
bint
giri
table
tasriiHa
dressing table
eareara
think
gossip
thaa'haa' 1
I
s"=a
shoes
gid
' no equivalent
Eafla
Pam'
no eauivalent
xariita
man
1
diib
1
wolf
deer
there
6akar
masculine
rest
m a
picnic
I

64

zero
semi

zibuun
simm

I
I
-

Taa'

Sunday

I*

no equivalent
no equivalent

I
1
I

fool

laam

miim
noun
baa'

J
?
(

-P
I

Dahr

fAarb
fuul
7

come

I.
1
I

I1

.ye

ww
beans

I
1

Qamaus

laHma

moon

mum

n
h

never

nimra
walad

dictionary

kitaab

fresh

wasp

back

kettle
1

poison

Taaza

Tough

Sabuun
I

Duck

customer

book
.

meat

raze r

1
I
1

number

boy

Note:

- ' is also called a

glottal stop and it should precede all vowels when they occur at the
beginning of the word. In Arabic it may appear anywhere in the word beginning,
middle or end, or even, doubled.
Example:
*akl
baypi
badd

rn

8 and A are produced in modern standard Arabic only i-e. FuSHa (&/A)

* H, c, t,have no equivalent in English (21~)

.
.

i,

f One dupe to

describe one sound. The idea of combining two letten to describe one

sound does not exist in Arabic. Ex. ch / sh / th (2)

43 S, D, T and Z have no exact equivalent in ~ n ~ l i s h bthey

u t are the emphatic (velarized)
version of the n o d s, d, t and z (d/&h/b) / ( & / i . ~ / b ) .

How to produce the non-equivalent sounds

* H sounds like a very emphatic h. (just imagine you have swallowed a spoonful of the
hottest c h i imaginable)

(0.

* x more guttural than its Scotch or German cousin (it is always better to exaggerate
rather than under emphasize the guttural aspect) (^) ex. Van Gogh.

* (peculiarity of the Semitic language) to gag. constricting the muscles of the larynx
so that the How of air through the throat is choked off (the voiced version of H).
* it the sound produced when gargling (similar to the very strongly rolled Parisian r).
=

is

How to oroduce the Semi-eauivalent sounds

To produce the glottal stop hawa '('19, a complete closure of the vocal cords is required,
where compression of air is composed then a sudden blow of the air is produced.
The Q (J)is like the normal K except that it is produced when the tongue is very far back

in the throat roof of the mouth.

The r 0)B more rolled than in English.
The 1(J) u not rolled as it is in English.
The 'a' sound, that is used as a vowel, is sometimes velarized due to word context, as in:
Arabic
faar (mouse)
faas (axe)

English

'ann

'and

Greeting Formulas
A. SabaaH iheer
B. SabaaH innuur

Good morning
Good morning

A. misaa' ilxeer
B. misaa' innuur

Good evening
Good evening

A. izzayyak / izzayyik
B. kwayyis / kwayyisa
W a m d u li Ilaah

How are you (m/f)

Good (df)
Thanks be to God

A. tiSbaH(i) tala xeer

B. w inta / inti min ahlu

Good night (m/f)

and you (df)
too

ahlan
ahlan (w sahlan)

Hi
Hi (weicome)

ahlan w sahlan
ahlan biik / biiki

welcome
welcomed by you (df)

sqiida
saciida

Hello
Hello (welcome)

sqiida
satiida ( m q a ssalaama)
Allah yisallimak / ik

Good bye
Good bye (with safety)
May God preserve you (m/f)

Hamdillah tala ssalaama

Allah yisallimak 1 ik

Thanks be to God for preservation

(said on: arrival from travelling,
recovered from sickness saved from bad
event ex. accident)

Kull sana w Inta(i) tayyib(a)

w inta(i) tayyiba(a)

Many happy returns

you, too

Common Phrases and Expressions

A. mabruuk
B. AUaah yibaarik fiik / fiiki

Congratulations (may it blessed)

May God bless you ( d o

A. \ukran
B. tafwan

Thanks
welcome

A. aasif 1'asfa
B. matlil

Sorry
Never mind
Excuse me (said on dismissing oneself)
You may (go on)
Take what you (m/f) asked for
Take what I am offering

A. min faDIak I ik
A. law samaHt ( i )

If you please / excuse me

If you please I excuse me
If God wills
Thanks be to God

a a y i z (a) I mi[ taayiz (a)

taarif (a) / m$ taarif (a)
faahim (a) / mi\ faahim (a)
saakin (a) 1 mil saakin (a)

I want (f) / 1 don't want (f)

I know ( f ) 11don't know ( f )
I understand ( f ) 11don't understand ( f )
I live
(f) 1 1don't live
(f)

mumkin / mil mumkin

mumkin?
fii / mafii f
and! / ma^andiiJ

Possible I impossible
May I? Can I?
There is / there isn't
I have / 1 don't have

aywa
la'
bass
kifaaya
~
ab h a ~a i ~
Kamaan
taani
SaHH
maZbuuT
talaT
sawa
fwa?Ya\ WaYYa

Yes

Enough/bui/only
Enough
i
OK
Also/ too
Agaidmore
Right
Correct
Wrong
Together
Little by little
means

....

.......

Tabcan
Off course
fitIan
True
a badan
Never
giddan/awi/xaalis Very (neg + xaalis = never)
dayman
Always/ail the time
mi\ kida?
Isn't it so?
mi\ mq'uul
Incredible/ its crazy
bi [wee!
Slowly
kalaam faaqNonsense
yaxsaara
What a pity
winta(i) maalakfik none of your(m/f) business
maalakfik
What is the matter with u
mafii muikila
No problem

I. Question words?
Res: ana

.........................

Inta ismak / inti ismik

Res:ana ismi

.........................

y*

Res: ana min

.........................

Inti mida/iti

Res: ana saakinlsakna fi

feen?

y.yi

Whereareyonfiom?

~ h e r e d you
o live?

.........................
?&\

emta?

lob gect/iti geeti

Res: ana g e t

What is your name?

Whendid youcome?

.........................
t )j) HOW did YOU C

Res: ana geet

O ~ ?

.........................

F
I
.........................
1
^(^
.........................
pq

bit! @ndak/inti (ik)

Res: ana tandi

izaazit ilmayya

lam?

How much is the

battle of water?

Res: izaazit ilmayya b

intaliinti him

Res: ana hina Pa aan

.........................

into/inti fi

Res: ana f- iddwr

a ?

1 door yrf\

Which floor are you in?

.........................

11. YesNo questions?

tsl~
9 .-^la.\

inta Taalib?
Res: aywa, ana Taalib. / la9, ma 111) T d b .

inti T d b a ?
Ra: aywa, a m TaaIiba. / I*', am mi^~aaliba.

N0k Y M o questions and their answers are identified by intonation only. The question
has a rising pitch white its answer has a falling pitch.

.\

&Y\

I. Numbers
--

- -

Teens

Units

itneen
talatiin

>r

I *arbaca
I

arbiciin
xamsiin

t
I

1 tamaniin I

~amantaakr

A.

I
I

^\

I
~ u b pgineeh(iamsa w cilriin id

-S'4 &,1 = & 2 7 0

nuSS gineeh (x&siin ir7)

k k means piaster, is used from

# 3-10

3 piasters / 10 piasters

;+A+nil*Transliteration

fakka

1 tamanya

New Vocabulary

--

half a pound

1 Note: The word

1I xamsa

gineeh

pound

1 quarter of a pound

1f
19

ArbaFtaajar
~amastaafar

the rest (money or otherwise)

ilbaa'i

how much (money)

Bikaam

the check / bill 1account

IlHisaab

L*A&
* * \ Lid&\
The Arabic Alphabet

Note: The red line represents the iine on / under which the part of the letter should go.

Characteristics of the Arabic Al~habet

1. Many letters have the same shapes and the distinction is made only by the use of dots.

jJ

- A -

A + A A +

There is a great conformity in shape bemeen the letter when it appears at the
beginning and when it appears at the h d , when it appears at the beginning (or in
the middle) the bottom part only is deleted.

Most of the letters have 3 forms, differing according to their location in the
word, i.e. how they are joined with the other letters

4.

A repeated consonant is not written twice, rather a ' c g J d y *is put on the letter instead.
4

5.

There are 6 letters that cannot be connected to the following letters, but could be
connected to the preceding ones only.

9
6.

The Arabic language makes a clear distinction between masculine and feminine g e n k
The feminine nouns are identified by the ("t" ~ b u u t aj)~atlthe end.

7.

There is a letter that takes different shapes, even when it is in the same l o c a h

(hanua" s

4
8.

").(glottd stop)
(A)$$

(.3)kJ+

There are four letters that are velarued (emphatic sounds) and they correspond to
their non-velarized (non-emphatic sounds), such as:
Emphatic sounds
Non-emphatic sounds

9.

There arc 28 sounds (letters) in the Arabic language, 2 of which are considered semivowels because they can take both roles (consonant and vowel). If these two sounds
are produced then they are consonants and not vowels.

10.

In almost all cams the

d is read i in colloquial, except for a few words such as:

taQ"ir J+&
Qim

11. The

Qur9aan

Qamuus

dL,
J\A
Q-

when is followed by "dip

Qaanuun

ppu
il Qaahira

-u

appears as such y ,or

12.' P, j , v are loaned letters and written as such

d c ac +

g J h u

QmD

if hand written.

&A

General Rules for the Arabic Script

1.

There is a great deal of conformity between the letter and its sound. Almost wery word
is written as it is pronounced. There is no opposition to be mentioned (whiie in English
such opposition may occur; i.e. beard, heard, bird).

2.

Each letter should be emphasized or pronounced cIear!y. The notion of ueating" letters
does not exist in the Arabic language, example: doing doin'.

3.

There is no capital letter.

4.

There is no verb "to be3 in Arabic ex. (idare) only the infinitive f m i s 4 and the
past tense (waslwere).

5.

Writing is from right to left: the opposite of all Latin languages.

6.

The Arabic letters are characterized by having ligatures that aiiow for connecting them
together and therefore, from this point, there are no clear cut differences between the
written words and the printed ones.

7 . The occurrence of 3 consonants is not allowed by any means. Any circumstances that
may result with three consonants (as in the addition of suffies and prcfues), a vowel
must be inserted right before the sufix or right after the pmfk This inserted vowd is in
most cases the "i" sound. i.e. kusra.

8.

Arabic language writing depends mainly on the cursive connecting system.

9.

What usuaily appears in writing is the consonants and the longvow&. Tl~eshort
vowels appear only in the Qur'aan, dictionaries and primmy text books.

10. Punctuation is not consistent and most writings neglect its us& The full stop appears

mainly to separate paragraphs. The most commoniy used on- arc the full stop, comma
and question mark.

Consonants and Vowels

--

The Arabic language

- - has 28 consonants (or sounds) 2 of which are semi- consonanThese consonants may occur in the three positigns beginning, middle and/or end.

n
Y

Y!

y^-Vs^
u
^-

YY
YY

J-i

>-U^JJ

<>-L-^

4^-S

<>-+-

(^^
&AmA

1J-p

Tt

f-

J-A-J

e-i-

<*

Yo

d-"'

Y 1

4-4-

J--

?*

YV

J-

t
f
d

YA

(J-

OA-^j

?-

rn

w
Y

Note:
In this stage, focusing should only be on the shape of the letter as it appears in each
location (beginning, middle and end). Reading or meaning is not necessary in this stage.

All letters at the beginning or middle, are supposed to be written on the line except for
3

->

they go down the line no matter what their position is.

Letters that have upper and bottom parts.

tf/u/&S/d/f t/D"

u^/&

L ~ / CC E

This bottom part is lifted up on the line when they occur at the beginning or middle and the

bottom part appears again only when they occur at the end.

Note: The upper pages (11&12) are repeated again. Please see end of the book to see how
they can be used to help in reading.

is'&u-B

11. Vowels

<J&

(A) Short Vowels

.Y

I^J-tH (I)

There are 3 short vowels :FatUq Kiwa and l - b m a

the F d a h expressed by
x
(corresponding toa sound)
TheL--

JS expressed by

(corresponding to i sound)

the Damma is expressed by

(corresponding to u sound)

Note: that x refera to any letter or sound.

Every letter or consonant must have one of these short vow& t-il~>'(~arakant).

Example:

.-

(ba

bi

bu)

If any of the ktters does not have any of these vowels that means it is a no vowel
-- >J
on top of i t
situation and the letter appears with a
0

the Sukuun is expressed by x

Example:
These short vow&
letter as with the.

d u k are not part of the word structure They appear

the

and D~maorudertbektteraswiththe~

Read:

r instead. Thus
A repeated consonant Is not written twice, rather a Jadda
the Jadda indicates 2 consonants, the first consonant always takes a "sukuun" sound and
with the second consonant. If the short vn-1
thenone of the 3
a it is put under it.
kasra is*required
. ",

>$

-?

E~arnpIe:-~,~~

l-C,

'

(B) Long Vowels

'@f~wa'and

There arc 3 long vow&:

The

'oSf

(corresponding to aa sound)

The y^

(corresponding to ii sound)

(corresponding to uu sound)
TheThey are p u t of the word structure and therefore they appear within the word itself. They
are only used to extend the produced period of the short vowel. Each short vowel has its
counterpart long vowd. that is, if fatffashould be extended or made longer it should be
followed by a long vowel or m o ~ ( and the only possible maA/ is " similarly the fawn,

takes

iff

and the flaimfatakes 4

Example:
Read:

(baa bii

buu)

(c) Semi vowels

Like in English y ( if/
consonants.

Emimple:

+and w (3)are Semi vowels. If they areproduced then they are

&

Example: yam

wind

Example: ke Y

belo w

If they are not produced then they are vowels.

Example: < i j l

J*-

Note:
Each sound (letter) has two options in regard to vowel production. For example:
Short vow&
Long vowels
b
a
b"
b.44
bf4
. 4.
4
4
but
bi

-A

bard
be

bit

bat

bU

*
4

b0

book

4A

boss

&

04

bar
b ii

beer
b uu

boot

AL

JM
J*

band
bee

bait
b

4
4
4

"*

00

boat

34
<*-44

-&

j)'j

Masculine and Feminine

In Arabic, it is a major factor to make a distinction between masculine and feminine
words.

I. The Indefinite words

--

--

Each word indicates one item only. There is no indefinite article ( ~ n & i hd a n )

Example:

a student
a word

(one student only/ masculine)

&

(one word only1feminine)

Rule (2)

t SAJ^A

Arabic has no verb to be

Eventually, \a and & are respectively masculine and feminine (demonstrative pronoun)
i.e. English, this

Example: This is a book.

This is a picture.

Note:
The STRESS is usually on the next to the last syllable of the word, unless it is attracted
by either a long vowel or two consonants at the end.

Example:

A long vowel

si/kir/teer
I

Two consonants at the end

fdtirt

(a) Masculine nouns (indefinite)

(b) Feminine nouns (indefinite)

(A)

Example:
cilba (a box)
cilbit mirabb;(a box of jam)
cilbit mirabbit tuffaaH (a box of jam of apple)

Exception:
Some feminine words do not end with "t" marbuta 3

/a

Example:
sun

hand

w L A

ground

head

0"b

(feminine by definition)

girl

'-"-(

woman

Note:
AH non- animate plurals (fern. & mas.) are referred to as if4

* Example:

J^s - b

L - o-J>

&J

- y"lj - 4

All animate plurals (fern. & mas.) are referred to as &A

* Example:

- (>-&- 4 - @&(people)

* T encourages S to guess the singular of these plurals.

fl

CL+M

Exercises

Read & say "da" or "di"

'&A'

What ?
Who?

Look at the picture & ask

^\

Y~ 'hn\>dJ1.j

( ,

2 . The definite words

ii*i-~Ll~
^

.Y

All previously mentioned indefinite' words can be made definite by the addition of the .
article &
KUJie 13)

If the article

ftJL^u

is attached to the beginnimg of the ww& it makes it definite and the

- .-

inthiscue,bcalled'^iUJUirniIOamariyYam

Example:

',

If the word b ~ w i t h o n e o f t h e c o 0 9 0 1 @ w r i t t e n b e l o w i n r e d ~ t h e ofthe

lUWte Wick isauimitetedwithit. bothermnk,theJisReflecteddt

Note: the iflcould work both sides influenced by the fuSHa

Exercises

&Ld

Exercises

(*uiL>

Write "c"for sentence and "&" for phrase

ncnI*&\

4 L f l +I

r^,<,h-Ja &,\

4~0.g
<AJ-^l

'-+,&.I.

n&^

SJ^*+

e A

*9

(I)

.T

Lut^J .r

~ * - - ~ J \ J. t
.o

&&.\I

&Laid .7

&&*JLJ.IY
Note: Gender agreement between the noun and its adjective.
New Vocabulary
angry
cheap
responsible
difficult
easy

$*A(,

(L)&

Clever

(<-)~w.J

(4-)J^

(*-)+

(*-)J*

Tallllong
tired
happy
busy

dl*..

.. .

Rule ( 8 )

...

The addition of a suffix (in this u s e the </ net

.

..~

vowel (usually a A<wo) for exampl

Read and negate

(issue

1-

(u)
(4)

b$J

&&A

-jL&J\

(i&)

^wAa^J1
Jj &.ia~\

uJ;&
.\I

(i&Jl)

&-

&A\

Check the mentioned sentence

(u.^.~)

.I 7

.I

(sJL^~MJ~\) y&i~-iij

-4
.1

y)

(+$4

*V

.A

134(
~

.\T

(^a)

++un

.Y

(U)

J&&^

(&d)&&id
(J^)
&&

.@

.\

i
G
f
I&*
l
( )

sJ&-fl

A- -4

I,oak and make sentences

&a

4)^La.

*>l

w bwj

b 4( q

The teacher mentions one of the mteaces in each item and the students identifk it.

1 ~ 3 ~

Listen and repeat

(0)

New Vocabulary
Short

Big

(*)a
Red

Green
Blue

Little/small

(S)

(L)
(>&
Expensive

Note: ~9
(light), && (dark) and

Yellow
White
Black

fi&*(bright) are said only for coion.

Unit (1)

Pleased to meet you

I. The Dialogue
Listen and repeat

- Good evening.
- I am Add aod he b Farid

- you're
-

welcomed, where are you from?

IamAmericanbutsheisfrom
Germany. Your are Egyptaren't you?

3~

- What are you doing in Egypt?

- I am a *dent,

~3

I am ahdying Arabic at the

American University, and she is also a student

' &^

What do you do?

I am a professor in the Egyptian University.

- and I am an employee in the Canadian

L^J&

'VsI 13

4*~t&1

v ^ ~ sis~^s
i
d JU^I hi

Embassy.
f

Pleased to meet you.

- I'm

more pleased, good bye

.iJJLu GJi
.irffiCuit p ' L L l ul

this (is a) university

Know

f*

they
a

Remember

la&&

Who?

f^ram where?
Where?

When?

a
k

Note

IL Nationalities

*a

&4

country

-.. . ..,..

French

--

:&Q

Exercises
Ask and answer

\A

&.#

.ui^

+$

u .\

.w-!i>i i & a . 7
*

.~,^~\JJ

.&

o r

^ 4%

.t

.4_J^&<&JA J*U

.a

3 .I
. L $ J & ~ L ~ & .v
J&l
. JJJbJ'i h -

JJSS J) living &s

/

.-~^JSy*^1*-^^-'1^

.'

.&^diaLiiy~^J~t-.tllyi~fl-.~*
.\.
Fill in the ID

Fill in the blanks

&a#au
h
h4fl.

\&I . (Y)

I1 Occupations

Read and match

Verb : He studies (to study)

w*

Note: We always refer to 3" penon masculine as our-bastverb. (See Appendix A)

To change into continuous form attach 4

To change intofuture form attach

to the prewt prefix.

to the pruent p d i

Example: o

Fumpk:

wJ-^
-

Drills

tospWa

+a]
to read
^

towork
/^

Uue all thew verb8 with each person ex:

Note that the 4 is the variable that always changes according to person.

'Ju
0

Memorize

\&bd

Days of the week

Tlurwiay

(t41 p*

;iJlm&)Ft&$l

Sunday

Friday

Monday

Saturday

Tuesday
Wednesday

Next week / last week

^iyffls,^/isbyffl~&~~

Sorry, <am late

I. The Dialogue

Never mind this time,pleuecome in.

Keem,there is a place there, behind Rob.
Here is OK, in front of the chalkboard.
Thanks

Ok, where is your book, Keem?

Oh, I forgot, the book is not inside the bag.

Comebeddeme,Keem.

'

We are on page 3 exercise

- Teacher, I have a question. What does it

mean "SafHaW?

May I say?

Please (go on) saj Rob.

"SafHaW means page and "tamriin" means

exercise.

OK, and bow do I say "1 understand"?

Say "'ana fahma".

Answer

Rule (1)
Possessive pronouns are used as suffixes. (see Appendix B)
Pronouns are attached to :
Nouns (possessives)

Example:

Prepositions (object of preposition)

Example:

Verbs (object of verb)

Example:

A^
+

at

-+

*&,

&dn

They take the same form in all cases.

Note: W ith I" persons only, the insertion of "n d" is necessary before the object of verb.

Know
At + possessive pronoun -+ v. to have

V.to have

We have

I have

You (pL) have

You (m) have

J^-a + aSe.

-4

You (f) have

They have

He has
She has

Remember

1 . a

\$a
Wh

Note
#

w.

How?

Good I Ok

What does it mean?

Never mind
Please (m) go ahead...

What page?

May I I can I?

There is 1
there isn't

There are four caliber of nouns: 2 masculine and 2 feminine (see Aooendix C)
Fern.

.'*
up
>

S#

Masc.

J&I*

1 Place
roll

- P l a c e = from
& - T i m e = ago

Note: &

Example: From the house

An hour ago

-21

"

f l u e eiprosen All carq a defmite article

Note the prepoil two

'

'-

(T)

Sku

$ when Mowed by a noun the defiite artkk

(at) + possessive pronoun +

verb to have. .ex.J

<

Time
Later

&& Tonight
& Atnight

Yesterday

~Jifl
-

After a while
Straight away 1
always
Two days ago
~ o n time
g ago

4&

la ^fC

Morning

L ) * ~ * ! L ~ N ~

(_l~4J

evevning

Today
Tomorrow
Now
At once

* it is preferable to use a definite article after time and place expressions

bAJi*-a
bJS(

Exercises
Ask and Answer

Look and answer

&

(>. \J&J

\J~*L\

(\)(^ti

Make sentences

dinner

LudU\

lunch

\a

match
serial

&L^

&LA\

picnic
meeting

-U

c%'fl

lesson

Verb : He says / to say

~ o t:e he title verb is always the 3" penoii &mime

The pronominal always takes a kasra except only when the following vowel is a Dmuna,
then in this case, it takes a Damma too. The first person singular pronominal only that
always takes afatHa
'

Drills

to c m c in

J*

to sleep

tot*oB

t^
.

to drink (^JJ

to put on
J-

Use dl these verbs with each person

Note:

hen i d d m g the prefix

clow: usra

is

to eat

ex:

+ to change the verb into the continuous form, the

deleted except if this kasm is followed by a sukuun.

^"

Memorize
Months of the year

\$A\

~ S J L J(M&U
~ ~ lil^c
Do you have fresh eggs?

JN-

I*The Dialogue

Listen and repeat

- Good morning ya

amm e b d u .

- Good morning, welcome sir.

- I want please Vi kilo white cheese & '/< kilo

roman cheese & 2 boxes of rabso & a packet

of tea.

- O.K., anything else?

- Do you have fresh eggs?

- Of course, how many eggs do you want?

- Bring me please 10 eggs, and get me also
a jar of jam.

- What jam?
s

/UA

:YJ!

- Apricot jam.
-

Here is the white cheese, here is the roman

cbeese,and the eggs and the jam.

- Is there good soap?

- There are two kinds, local & imported, which
kind do you want?

I want any good kind .. two soaps are enough,

can you put them please in two bags?

Of course, without saying, anything else?

No, this is enough how much for all ?

(everything), oh I forgot, one yogurt too.
Please take, here is everything, the
check is eighteen pounds.
Please take twenty pounds & get the
rest

la.!
.

.
+i d ftu~ l 'l(JJU
i
. '9

.* . JSwu t r ' u '^la,

~f

:id
.

.(^ &j
(JS &iJrtiC! : & 3

There isn't change?

(Just) a moment, take please.
Thanks, good bye.

Additional vocabulary

&GI
-J

One second/minute

27

Know
After the question word pu(how many) use the singular noun ex:
There are some nouns that have two plurals.

Example

&-(iu~----

(as collective)

&G+$- dish

(in numbers)

1 Note that b for masculine

?&

& collective nouns, and

- Y&Lpu
&&41.1

JJJ

for plurals.

\J^

Note

Remember
-

Every 1 any or which

A thing

Broken or small bills

The rest (the change)

Enough1 but I only

O.K.

At your service (any

time)
Any thing else? (How
can I help you?)

u-ah

<

(Just) a moment

Nothing

'^/&

(AH

?<Au

'lt\

2s
#

~*>-m:b%
O .

Sinpular / dual / plurals

Note: nouns are made into: singular, dual, and plural

The duals are consistent as they all end with (em)& but plurals have several endings { note the pi (tin) (*y
9

Example (m)
If the noun is feminine, the ^-/

+id

+&.
*

changes ita shape into

and preceded by ( 1 ) in the plural.

Note that in plurals:

-

Most of the feminine nouns end with (aat)

Generally masculine animate nouns end with (iin) & if:

ex: J I f

It is prefixed by (mu)

ex:

It has double consonants in the middle

ex:

&em.-

&,&

Masculine nouns ending with (aat)

Masculine nouns with a sukuun in the middle, the sukuun is changed into damma followed by the long vowel J

ex:

wJJi-

if it is a loaned word ex:

J&I

~ p a- i

- 4

a&$\
0

~ J J -~
J
I

- j-2

a G N-

i-iLu>u
/

Exercises
Answer in duals

J.-!

(I)

&i-J-"

,L

Answer in olural
?w<&a\ll

&

Plurals with
numbers

Note: With singulars (mlf) the number one (mlf)

Ll- +\i
is written.

With duals sometimes it is written for emphasis.

Note: Numbers from 3 to 10 change as they are followed by plural nouns.

Note: Numbers from 11 onwards, remain unchanged and are followed by singular nouns.

-,a\

Read the following

\.g&

(Y)

Exception
The word (a pound)

is used with all nouns singular, dual, and plural.

Example
a.

The word (a piaster)

$3 changed into a different word when dealing with numbers from 3 to 10

Example

&'JS

- *'j ^

-kt^ I * ............

i-n>u

Glass
Egg

Hour

Year
Watchklock

Book

Lesson

Line
Bag

Note:
How many eggs do yam want?
I want some / f

Look and Exohin

-'

k^&
-*
k m # &u&l

. Note: * The tittle verb is always the 3d person masculine.

The verbs <-AA and <f4^ are used interchangeably to give a command " bring or get ",
while fc?^ can be formed to fit all tenses, <-^A remains in the imperative form only.

Drills

to count

IX

to put

Ki

to take ^&&

to carry 1 lift

(J-j*^

to P ~ Y

to buy&^^

*
to spend money (l>>-fl

to sell

Use all these verbs with each person ex:

.-

& 6\... .
<

&J&i\
6
1

Memorize
4 Seasons of the year

\$iJ

AJu;,

AM^

J,^i

This bridge is "asr inniil" .... very

old.
Ohh

... it is very crowded.

Yes, Cairo is crowded generally, and

specially down town.

Thanks God, here is good (to be

dropped) on the right, at this corner,
please.
At your service.
Thank you, please take this is a
pound.
What is this, sir, a pound is very
little.
Why so?
Because the trip is long and the gaz
(oil) is expensive.
Here it is, half a pound over, happy?
Thanks, good bye.

Answer

bib ( 7 )

Know
Sometimes

or & A occur hforq the noun and sometima they occur

the nmm.

Example:
This is a bridge/ this bridge

This li a pound1 this pound

Thb is a corned this corner

1 T U is~ university
a

i)~w/ifc

I t ~univerttt;
i

Note:

The predicate, in example (a), could be either definite or indefinite while the noun
e
modified by h or j-l in example (b) must always be definite as b o r ~ J a r definite
pronouns and the nouns they modify must be definite also.
Adjectives and the nouns they modify must always agree in being definite or indefinite.
o

Remember

Note
Wondering

Oooh!

\
.
^
d
tf'Ji 44

Where to?
What's this?
Why so?
Becauselin order to

1 Sbu

Rule (1)

When b conies right before the noaa then & is realized ua format subject nthe following
noan is realized as the predicate thus a sentence is compoed

But if Id comes right after the noun

it i s realized as a demonstrative promotan which

faactions an adjective thai a phnueis composed.

&A\

11. Adjectives

crazy/
mad

late

dJ&

busy

easy

Present/
available

difficult

J\

:u

L.*

'
.
q

:'@

Exercises

Get the opposite word

Put the suitable word

(^u

qA,&l@\&(t)

The weather

cold

wind

hot
dot

vote:

Participles are derived from verbs therefore they function as verbs but are treated as
adjectives. Le. they have 3 forms only: mascuJindfeminindpluraL
They take the pattern Caacic (masculine)
Cacca (feminine)
Cacciin (plural)
Some participles take different pattern
s *,

Emm~le:&

.
- 9-

&+a

a*

Participles are of two h d s : Active as t4

and passive as+$&

wearing
going out

MY

driving

GJA

carrying

(UA^

wanting

J^

seeing

J^C.

coming

^4

Use all these participles with each person ex:

Note that the participles are mostly used when:

Something has just happened.

Example:

Something is about to happen.

Example:

Something is in static position.

Example:

(d)
3

(he is wearing, not putting on)

Fill in the blanks

-9

&

>

ft

. c3$
. &&

night life

(
.k
. J.

Memorize
The colors

ern.)

(Y<!l

d t & )

f t .

U+W

Lesson 5
Review lessons 1 - 4
Respond to the following

7ui.lt.i

?&

homework

(>.

I&.^

*\Jl! (J.M?( -l"o

a\yfc

).9&

J^r4-

O)

*'

Form questions

d J

&i

\&&\

(Y)

'54. ,Ji p,^A\

J*ill\^aa.( Y )

Put the suitable verb

Note: With the 1" pcrion, the

'

~ w c isl following. Example:

is sometimes deleted sufficed by the fafHa onlywhen a long

$+

51

Put the correct pronoun

Identify how many

Describe

.?.in each picture

JJ&

JS yi a-<?

1^-1^.^11\^

+S

~ h i n kwell before you answer this item. Which pronoun goes with the verb o"J&?

is

(0)

(1)

Get the opposite

Match column (1) to column (2)

Describe this picture

(T)

J^-J~

(1)

~^t-frbh$ (A)

Unit (2)

I want to get a rounded ticket

I. The Dialogue

Listen and repeat

If you please, may I have a rounded ticket

on 9 O'clock train?

Where do you (mtpolite) want to go?

I want to go to Alexandria.

First class or second class?

May I know how much each?

- First class with twelve pounds,

and second class with ten pounds, but
class is without air-conditioner.

No, No, may God preserve you, I like to

travel in air-conditioning.

- Take (polite) wait on platform

# 5 . the

train is about to come.

,>

mu-

Thanks.

\.Af-1
.

Know
r

The vowel accompanying the 4 is always a Kasra except when the following vowel is a Damma

1 then the vowel accompanying the

becomes also a Damma.

iJ$

Because of that

4s

Pay attentionhe careful

Stay 1keep

~~
A\

May God preserve yon.

Have (me do sth)

\^

\dB\
Note

Remember

(mil) v

+ n +&

Until

&c^

Without

(there is not) except

May I?
Can I?
b i t nossible?

J^

(a)

(jLAtfl) ^AJI JStiA

II. Present tense

LUG

The present tense (the infinitive) is usually recognized after:

J*amJtil) &I$.&

Probably

may be / perhaps / might

Impossible

possible / can

supposedly

must 1 necessary

v&i&c~f&!J*
. ..

He might go to the library

:&

Note: while the present tense requires modab, die modals can act with all tenses.

Be Participles:

If^
?li

Coming
Keeping on (sitting)

wanting
Intending

Being able to
He wants to go to the library

Verbs (helping verbs):

Preferring
Trying
Thinking
Sitting/ keep (doing)
He loves to go to the library

Note:
Helping verbs could be used in all tenses yet the following verbs should always be in present
(inf.) form.

to go downlget off

..

to cut

e$J
.

to take

Use all these verbs with each

person. ex.

Exercises

.i-i.jJl^^AyL&&
,&,,AU--j
Modal

*u

participle

+
--

Present (infinitive)

.t

>J
.

.L>"^Li-J*-!J

.'l

.&jLsj(Ja-iai'J

.V

-O-J'^lcopy(JU.l(JS.Mj
Verb

*9

.(-i"yiy-"@JJ

Look at the picture and choose the sentence in exercise (1)

.A

.'

59

Fill in the blanks

Put the sui'table verb

,

\-&I
. (^Y)&&

.
i^-a~iai&^)~*&

Mod& and participles are negated by preceding them with the negation particle

U&-> except witb the modd Li&^

' ^ whicb b negated by

' ,aa all p m w t tense

verbs.

However, sometimes &

,c o d be negated by
is a negation by definition.

& &,the modd

Note: the modab & participles could remain intact and the following verbs are negated
instead, depending on what is meant to be said.

He doe' have to go to the university.

Heuuteotgototheooiversity.

He doesn't intend to play today.

He iataMbnot to play today.

Note: the word

14(at all) is used in negative sentences to express strong negation.

Note: All tenses are acceptable with the helping verbs, however, the verbs that follow
should always be in the present form.

...(aJ
&&G/&

Present / present
Past / present
Continuous / present

(^i

. s&43/d +* 3
-& -^L,J*/U"&+J
...&,

b G J
M

*^

--dl
^

Futudpresent

Participle / present

..& (^k 3/& 4

^

.a.
#

-*

Note: In negation; it is usually the helping verb that is being negated, however the main verb
might be negated instead depending on what is meant to be said. (see previous page)

(participle)
(helping verb)
(modal)

(pronoun)
(object)
(modal)
(object)
(participle)
(modal)
(pronoun)
(helping verb)

(participle)
(participle)
(object)

&
i
-

iJ&

Proverbs

4^,

&e&
Clean the flat well

J>A

I. The Dialogue
-

p
-

Listen and repeat

- You are late,don't you know that

I must go to work?

- You (Upolhe) know, thetraffic b crowded.

- and
OK,goIntothekHcheaqriddy,
wish the d b k , md there two
ire

shirts in the bathroom w u h the&too-

:%

By the way. There isn't washing soap

(Detergent)
Ohh.. O K go to the grocery and bring a
box of Persil and also buy two (face)
soaps.

All right, anything else?

No, when you (F)go, take the clothes to
the iron man, but put them in a nylon
bag first Come straight away and
don't be late

When I finish, (do) I cook something?

No, it is important to have the flat well
cleaned, especially the sitting and bedroom.

Be (you f) sure Madame, it will become (very clean)

.& nub

'?\L
~1

Know
r

Imperatives are derived from the present (infinitives) of 2"* persons only

l5mnQk:

Remember
Dm3 worry (be sure)

What's most important

Don't

ijifiil.

\^i

Note

4
f-

us^

By the way

Straight -Y

Win

.....-

gJ^
1right away

~ihyfe

Cd

Al J : USU

II. Imperatives

&l

Imperatives are usuallv reco~nizedwith clues as

yi-i'+
is*b

c3-1

iiri (J>m-^
0

ft

&J

Now

i l & &i

Immediately 1 at once

. 5^\

Fast 1 quickly

^la

as&
'$t

Slowly

&/&

Don't talk

us^

Go out

Say

lit

Speak up

Come

Shut up

Go

Understand

Drive

Remember

Sit

Take

Bring

Leave

Get

Listen

GO

in 1 enter

Answer

^Standup
.-a

Raise

G
1
1Come back / return

Look

U^

Watch

Jl*-i

In negation, the infinitive form is used and not the imperative form although it still
stands as a command.

Exercises

Give commands & res~ond

Put the o~oositein the ern~tvsoace

Negative commands are arranged according to their intensity, which is graded

from strongest to softest.

Don't you come

Don't come

--

Don't come (no need to come = advice)

&&

Note that the intonation identifies the strength of the order.

The infinitive form is used in negative commands.
.

, ..,-

Irredar verbs
Verb: to come

Note:

b&

(after+bv.) and

Example:
Continuous

Present (inf.)
Past

(when

...)could be followed by all tenses (present - past - future)

Memorize

$\

a \\

I have a stomach ache doctor

I. The Dialogue

Listen and repeat

- Dr. NabB's clink?

- .Whatare the clinic's boon please?
- From 8 at night because,in the moroing,
the doctor is in the hospital.

- O.K. 9 o'clock is good.

- 0.K

At the doctor's
Good evening, doctor Nabil.
Good evening, what's the matter with
you?
I have a stomach ache and I feel that I'm
dizzy.
Wondering, do you have headache too?
Yes, sometimes, there is a headache.

Don't worry I will write you a medicine

and a vitamin and you will be like
(as strong as) a horse.

I hope so.
Please take, here it is the Prescription.
There is a pharmacy right down the
house.

\s

s>

- Thanks, doctor, good bye.

Answer

.<L5lul{-a

J&J~

a >

:&J

Know
The continuous usd future tenses are recognized by prefixes being attached to the
present tense verbs (or infinitives).

139
.

The continuous form prefix is

0r

While die future tense expresses future action

Hie continuoustense expresses progressive action or habitual action

Exxmnlft:
He is playing BOW

Remember

1AS

Note

and necessitates the deletion of the

ofthe

W\>
&\
0 .

11. Continuous & future tenses

J&\

. &G
..

The prefix attached to present tense (or infinitive) denotes present continuous tense
which expresses two actions :

A. Progressive action (on process) and is usually realized by a key word such as:
Now

B. Habitual action and is usually realized by the use of adverbs of frequency such as:
Every day/weeklmonth/year
Every little while
Alwaydconstantly
Usually

Sometimes
Mostlyloften

The prefix attached to present tense (or infinitive) denotes future tense which
expresses future action and is usually realized by the occurrence of key words, such as:
Tomorrow
After tomorrow
Later
After a weeklmonthlyear
Next weeklmonth
Next year
In a dayltwo days/weeWmonth/year

&LA>

Exercises

WULul.&a \.-&
p)

Put the suitable oronoun

Look at the nicture & make sentences JA

' ILcl.
. ii^lol]

I& ( Y

Choose the suitable verb

+&A\
/

Nepation
\

The future tense is negated by

white the continuous tense could be negated by

(^1
or &...L

Drills

(JU~A~,'

Note that the ' \ ' is shortened when the prefixes

'2and "A'are used with 1" person

Parts of the bodv

-.

Stuffed nose.$>

. 'v. ffltcrack cOJ&^^-^

3 -0

o'&

caster
'

~y

eye drops ~ $ 2 9

h k 3inflammed !$3

b^

swaNen

&G

G>

g3
/. . 'f

~LG
.Y

illnesses

A )$I

How did you spendyour holiday?

I. The Dialogue

Listen and repeat

- How did yw sped your holiday, Paul?

h3 ,> '&I

(I)

- Of course, there was no place on the plane

so I reserved a ticket in the train and had a
lot of fun there.

- You bought anything from there?

- Ya,I bought presents for my family & my
friends.

- What is the moat place you liked in Egypt?

- In fact, a lot of places, especially Alexandria,
s h a m El Sheikh & Aswan, but the most
thing I loved in Egypt is the people
because they are kind & cooperative.

Rule (1)

3 S^fr

In part tense verbs the long vowel (1) in the middle changei,in 1" & 2"' persous,into either Iwsra
or danuna which means also that the long vowel is being cancelled.

(......

^--*^a- ^ - ^- ^L.)

(......,..&-~\~-^j-^jL.-&)

& (i-ul- /U)

&(&/6)

<

JLt (J

4
,-

a(&)

Know
The Arabic is based on what so called the consonantal root system which is realized by the
past tense verb of the 3**penon masculine.

--

IiaMl&

*^-s'a-u->i

* A n y w ~ d i s c o m ~ o n e w a ~ o r u M k e r ~ q r ~ root.
~~n~ofid
Examolg
J

*-

e a ~ ~ - t W J ~ -- - U - ~ - ~ J " J J L*- w J ~ - <

'0J

Note that the sequence of the 3 letters t>" J

..

\
remains in all situations.

Remember

Ask one another (in PTOUD)-

* f<cL^ < & I&\

.(-Y l

* Clan is divided into 2 groups, each group will agree on a city. The two groups ask each other the
above questions without revealing the name of the city to the other group. Each group will assign
one to take notes on answering the above questions. The group which guesses the name of the city
..
first is the winner.

IL Past tense

,-iiim jiM

The past tense verbs are usually realized by some key words such as :

Ye

-A (3): d a f t

He Reserved

looked attfor

-&

loved

met

J@

forgot&

32

visit
liftedtorried-

*
*

Use these verbs with each person ex.

L ~ J .~ G - & & & ~ u

*

Look at the pictures and say what happened yesterday.

hj\(0) &
O . .

. .

**&

Read this passage & answer ves or no & correct the wronp sentences

Write another story us in^ the words below

/^a
-

Negation

Read this story

GJ-\

\.9A

Listen & then rearrange the sentences

......... QLu
a......

fy .1

. . . 34
*.....a

Memorize

*\

.Y

(ISA. .t

1 ^
SJ-M,
J-

Review lessons 6 - 10

nswer the auestions

f - 7

tw>a<a\

u,-&
I

Write the verb with the following pronouns

Describe these pictures

& $L^l\@ lJ*U

CJ&a\ \j\

\&( T )

^ J W b

(r)

Choose the opposite word

adjective
negative
pronoun
participle
future
hour
plural
noun
verb
command (neg)

opposite
order

Teacher describes the picture, partly correct and partly wrong. Student responds
accordingly.

Appendix (A)

List of verbs
This list of verbs is grouped according to how the root verb, which is the past tense 3*
person masculine, differs when it is changed into the present tense or the infinitive.
The title verb is always the 3* person masculine. It is the base verb on which all
conjugations are based.

h+

Group 1
(-4) J'iccac

Cacac

(B) Yiccic
( C ) 1-uccuc
(A) Yiccac

English
To erase

Transliteration
YimsaJ3

To appear

YiZhar

To starthegin

Yibda'

To forbid
To steal

Yimnat
Yisra'

TOP Y

Y idfat

To cash

YitbaD

To open

Y ifiaH

To send
To take off
To cut
To raise

Yi'lat
Yi'Tat

To beat

Yirfat
YiDrab

To surpass

Y isba'

Infinitive

+
A
I*

Past tense

F
&
14

(B) Y iccic
Enxlish
To write

Transliteration
Yiktib

To occupy

~&il

To promise
To reserve

Yiwtid
YBgiz

To study

Yidris

To close

Yi'fil

To describe

YiwSif

To wash

Yicsil

To dolmake
To dividelsplit

Yitmil
Yi'sim

To spend (money)

YiSrif

To draw

Yirsim

Infinitive

Past tense

Infinitive

Past tense

(C) Yuccuc

English
To ask forldemand

Transliteration
YuTlub

To cook

YuTbux

To enterlgo in

Yudxul

To leavelgo out

Yumg

To thank

~uJkur

To sit

To dance
To feel

&

*
&4

&'

e
&J

CAI

cs

S Y

sf

Group 2

cicic

+g~ ~ ~

y h + l

uccuc

English
To hearllisten to

(A) Yiccac
Transliteration

To drink

Yismat
Y i] rab

To ride

Yirkab

To amve

YiwSal

To know
TO succeed

Yitrat'
YingaH

To fail

YistaT

To get tired

Yittab

To play
To have breakfast

Yiltab
Yiffar

To get bored

Yizha'

To understand

Yifham

To win

Yiksab

To lose

Yiksar

To laugh

YDHak

To be able to

Yi'dar

To prefer

YifDal

To returdcome back

Yirgat

To ascendgo up

YiTlat

English
To wearlput on

(B) Y iccic
Transliteration
Yilbis

To descendlgo down

Yinzil

To hold

Yimsik

To go farlgo away

Infinitive

Past tense

Infinitive

Past tense

(C) Yuccuc
Transliteration
YuSbur

%nglish
To become patient
To live (resident)

Yuskun

To keep qui c t

Yuskut

Infinitive

Past tense

9 J>

J+'+

*
w

i+

*
LW

Group 3
Cicic
English
To lovellike

;-cicc
-cucc

(A) Y-cicc
Transliteration
Y-Hibb

Infinitive

Past tense

(B) Y-cucc
Transliteration
Y-HuTT

Infinitive

Past tense

To count
To feel
To lose wait
To smell
To gatherlcollect

To make wet
To pedorm pilgrimage
To pull
To cheat
To wraplgo around
To ring

English
To putlkq down
To look

Y-buss

To answerlrespond

Y-rudd

r o cut

Y-IUSS

To knock

Y -dul'

To push

Y-zul*

To jump

Y-nuTT

Group 4

English
To liftlput away

(A) Y-ciii
Transliteration
Y-(iil

To leave

Y- siib

To try on

Y-'iis

To bringlget

Y-giib

To lose

Y-Diic

To sell

Y-biit

To tease
To add

Y-f-iiZ
Y-Diif

To live

Y- t i i (

To be absent
To get jeolous

Y-f-iib
Y-@ir

English
To see

(B) Y-cuuc
Transliteration
Y- Juuf

To fast

Y-Suum

To pass by

^c'w^

Infinitive

Past tense

JU

JJ>UU
*

&b

'-Y*^

+l&

Infinitive

&

Past tense
LiLu

^^-^

?h

Y-hut

&J^

&li

Y-zuur

JJA

To drive
To die
To visit
To become hungry
To kiss

y-guut
Y-buus

To wear out

Y-duub

To go

Y-ruuH

To say

Y-'uul

To be

Y-kuun

To become spoiled

Y-buuZ

To taste

Y-dud

To get up

Y-'uum

To swim

Y-pum

~f$+
L^

Group 5

&

t^
alfr

oh+

(A) Yicca
(B) Yicci

Cici
English
To forget

(A) Yicca
Transliteration
Yinsa

To approvelto be satisfied

YirDa

To wake up

YiSHa

To become sick
To become emptylfiee

Yitya
YifDa

English
To run

(B) Yicci
Transliteration
Yigri
P

Group 6

Caca
English

(A) Yicca
Transliteration

To sign

YirnDi

To iron

Yikwi

To intend

Yinwi

To throw

Yirmi

To relate

YiHki

Infinitive

A,

Yi tiri

To begin

Yibtidi

^~rf

t^

IS9^
&

if^
&

Infinitive

Past tense

&J^.

&J*

^^J^

(A) Yicci
(B) Yicca

Infinitive

&
,

Past tense
/ - ' -

IS^

is&

&$

^
A

(JO

To buy

Past tense

&&

*0

&W\,
\^\

(BlYicca
English
To become

Transliteration
Yib'a

To find

Yil'a

To read

Yi'ra

Infinitive

To paint
To try
To finish
To change
To prefer
To tearlcut to pieces
To think
To lose (sth)
To stoplquit
To go home
To yell
To offendlupset
To s h o o ~ ~ k t ~ ' - ~ )
To cry
To think
To decide
To repeat

y"

\A
v A^-

Caccac
-.
Caccic ^

To return (sth)

'A-

A,

Group 7

English
To clean

Past tense

Transliteration
Y-naDDaf

Ycaccac
Ycaccic

Infinitive

^-

Past tense
? :

^L^&

To joke
To farewell
To distribute
To searchlfind out
To sew
To investigate
To spend the summer
To speak toltalk to
To offedintroduce
To switchlshift
To substitute
To color
To kill

Group 8

ALJ-~-.

Caacic

Y-caacic

English

rans slit era ti on

To study

Y-zaakir

$4,

To travel

Y-saafir

A^,

JL

To meet

Y-'aabil

&

To try

Y-Haawil

~h

&

To discuss

Y-naatiJ

du(

&U

Infinitive

Past tense

Group 9

^&J-*^>

English

rans slit era ti on

To speak up

Yitkallim

To learn

Yitcallim

To work

yijta@

To graduate

Yitxarrag

To watch

Yit farrag

To be assurred

YitTamrnin

To be late

Yit'axxar

To get married

Yitgawwiz

To sightsee

YitfassaH

To have lunch

Yitf-adda

To have dinner

~iteafia

To stroll

Yit ma&

To wait

Yistanna

To rest

YistirayyaH

To become mad/crazy

Yitgannin

To get used to

Yiteawwid

To be happy

YinbisiT

To remember

Yiftikir

To borrow

Yistilif

To apologize

Yttizir

To contact/call (phone)

YittiSil

To summerize

YixtiSir

Infinitive

Past tense

Note that:
The first verb of every group only, carries the vowels and the rest of the verbs follow the
same vowels

i& &I

The 1rregular Verbs

English
To come
TO

eat

Transliteration
Yiigi
yaakul

To take

Yaaxud

To sleep

Yimam

To be afraidscared

Yixaaf

Infinitive
(J^JJ

JSU

Past tense

<a.

&(bi
J&i/i

f^,

iH

dLj

dL&

To stand

Yu'af

To promise

Y i ~ i d

4
.&
/ y

Unattached

Formal subject
pronoun

(pronominal)

Attached to noun

Possessive pronoun

Attached to verb

Object pronoun

Attached to
preposition

-i,

In

9.

r.

&
:

Object of prep.

Appendix (C)

Four Caliber of nouns (2 masculine & 2 feminine)

Masculine ending with oneconsonant-

Masculine ending with two consonants.

Feminine ending with one consonant before (t) marbuta and its
GJ-S
associated Fatha.
Feminine ending with two consonants before (t) marbuta and its
y -ia>
associatedfatha.

rt-^

Insertion of vowel is needed in areas

where suffixes started with consonant

Q*

No insertion of vowels is needed

Insertion of vowel is needed in all areas

Insertion of vowels is needed in areas

where suffixes started with consonant

Note:
Group 1 and group 4 are opposite situation while group 2 and group 3 are
similar situations.

13

Notice that:

The vowel inserted is always a S J xexcept when there is only

one consonant separating the inserted vowel from the suffix. Then
the inserted vowel should agree with the vowel within the suffix
itself, this is what is called vowel harmony.
The vowel preceding the suffix of the 1" person (sing.)and 2nd
person (masc. & fern.) and 3 person (masc.) is associated with it.
The associated Fatha 'x preceding the (t) marbuta (in the feminine
noun) is deleted (as in group 3) except when the result is 3
consonants, then the insertion of a kasra x is needed before the (t)
marbuta.
In feminine nouns where the insertion of vowel is needed, it is
inserted before the production of the (t) and the vowel is always a
Kasra x .

Survival Arabic

Vegetables
-

English
Artichoke
beet root
carrots
chick peas
cucumber
garlic

Tanslitration
xar juuf
bangar

English
beans
cabbage
cauliflower
eggplant
green beans
green wheat

Tanslitration
fasolya
kromb
arnabiit
bedingaan
fasolya xaDra
firiik

lettuce

xaSS

grape leaves

gzar
Hommoss
xiyaar
toom
warat tinab

green pepper
Jew's mallow

filfil axDar
moloxiyya

okra
peas

onion

basal

pumpkin

bamya
bissilla
as? tasali

potato
radish (white)
scallions
squash/zucchini
swiss chard
olives

baTaTis
figl baladi
basal axDar
koosa
salt
zatuun

radish (red)
spinach
sweet potato
tomato
lemon/lime
olives (green)

figl aHmar
sabaanix
BaTaaTa
TamaaTimIuuta
lamuun
zatuun axDar

Fruits
apples
bananas
cherries
dates

tuffaaH
mooz
Kireez
balaH

raisins

inab
zibiib

apricots
cantelope
coconut
figs
guava

mibiJ
kantalop
gooz el hend
tiin
gawaafa

mangoes

manga

mulberries
peaches
persimmon
plums
strawberries
tangerines
melon

tuut
xoox
kaka
bar'uut
farawla
yousafandi
farnmaam

oranges
pears
pineapple

bortotaan
kommetra
ananaas

pomegranate
sweet melon
water melon
grapefruit

rommaan
[ammaam
baTTiix
grapefrut

Meat
veal
mutton
beef
pork
ground beef

LaHma betel10
LaHma Daani
LaHma kanduuz
LaHm xanziir
LaHma mafruuma

fish
duck
chicken
pigeon
lamb

samak
baTT
firaax
Hamaam
uuzi

Dairy
egg
milk
YOW*
sour cream

beeD
laban
laban zabaadi
i ~ FallaaHi
a

butter
cream
cream chease

zibda
i(ta
labna

Staples
coffee

ahwa

cracked wheat

borcol

tea
noodle
spaghetti
flour
lentils

\a a ~
makaroona
spagetti
di'ii'

sugar
rice
semolina
yeast
lentils (black)

sokkar
rozz
simiiT
xamiira
tats isswid

lentils (yellow)

tats asfar

tats

Nuts

almonds
coconut

looz
gooz el hend

peanuts
pine nuts

pistachio nuts

fozdo'

walnuts

hazelnuts

bondo'

suudaani
sineebar
teen gamal

Spices
allspice
bayleaf
cardamon
celery
chives
choves
cumin
dill
garden rocket

buharaat
wara' lawra
Habbahaan
karats
kurraat
unmfil
kammuun
abat
gargiir

tamarind
anise
basil
carraway
cinnamon
coriander

ginger

ganzabiil

liquorice

tamr hendy
yensuun
riHaan
karawya
irfa
kozbara
kaary
toom
figl
i r ' suus

leeks

korraat

mint

n i t naaf

nutmeg

onion

basal

oregano

goozt iTTiib
zattas

peppercorn

filfil Habb

pepper (black)
pepper (white)
salt
storks bill

filfil iswid
filfil abyad
malH
mistika

pepper (red)
sesame
chervil (green leaves)
tumeric

filfil aHmar
simsim
Kosbara xaDra
korkom

curry
garlic
raddish

Materials
gold
silver
iron
copper

dahab
faDDa
Hadiid
naHaas aHmar

brass
chrome
glass
aluminum

naHaas asfar
h u m
izaaz
alamunyum

Cloth
cloth

silk
wool
cotton
polyester

'umaas
Hariir
Suuf
otn
polyester

velvet
plain
checked
stnped

aTiifa
saada
karohaat
mi'allim

Glossary
Nouns are put in their indefinite form (e.i. without J1)

Food
Holiday
Meeting
Pharmacy
News
Week
Professor
Name
X-ray
Friends
Yesterday
Exam
We've been entertained
Room
Door
Rest (n)
Packet
Exactly
Sea
Orange
Cold (weather)
Cold (ailment)
Jar
French frieslpotatoes
Card
Grocer
Tips
Tomorrow
Country
Girl
Gadoil
Pant s/trousers
Door man
Salesman
House/home
Egg
Historyldate
Ticket
Dust
Table
We've been honored

'akl
agaaza

agzaxaana
axbaar

ism
as i t f-a
aSHaab
imbaariH
imt iHaan
anistuuna
ooDa
baab
baa'i
baaku
b-izzabt
baHr
burtu'aan
bard
bard
barTamaan
baTaaTis
biTaa a
7

bukra
balad
bint
benziin
banTaloon
bawwab
beet
beeD
tariix
tazkara
turaab
tarabeeza
a jarrafna
tuffaaH

"iW
(JAU

feu"
tl&lJ

43
iA3

u 9
tit;

Report
Repetition
Air-conditioner
Icelsnow
Male nurse
Exercise
Seconds
University
Cheese
Waiter
Newspaper
Butcher
Shoes
Sentence
Nationality
Weather
Letterlanswer
Neighbor
Thing
Immediatelylat once
Hot (weather)
Accounthill
Horse
Party
Barber
Bathroom
Pigeon
Dialogue
Wall
Service
Map
Cash machine
Specially
Vegetables
Warm
Dizzy
Study (n)
Class (i.e. in train)
Lesson
Shower
The world (it is)
Medicine
Turdfloor
Noise
Tactfulness
Opinion
Man
Picnicltrip
Rice
Platform
Humid

tikraar
takyiif
talg
tamargi
sawaani
gibna
garsoon
gurnaal
gazzaar
gazma
ginsiyya
gagawaab
giraan
Haaga
Haal an
Harr
Hisaab
HuSaan
Hafla
Hallaa'
Hammaam
Hamaam
Hiwaar
Heeta
xidma
xariiTa
xazna
xuSuuSan
xuDaar
daafi
daayix
diraasa
daraga
Dars
d"S

dawa
door
daw[a
zoo
ray
raagil
rHIa

Prescription
Chieflboss
Yogurt
Colleaguelclassmate
Question
Clock/watch/hour
Plumber
Basket
Chalk board
Woman
Speed
Line
Embassy
Dining table
Secretary
Salad
Stairs
Fish
Teeth
Year
Driver
Tourists
Street
Tea
Window
Personal
Middle East
Clever (pi.)
Chess
Maid
Cook
Flat
Left (direction)
Sun
Bag
Month
Check
Soap
Morning
Headache
Page
Picture
Pharmacist
Noon
Queue
Fresh
Student
Cook
Of course

ruritta
rayyis
zabaadi
zimiil
su'aal
saaca
sabbaak
sabat
subbuura
sitt
surca
saTr
sifaara
sufra
sikirteera
salaTa
sillim
samak
sinaan
sana
sawwaa'
suyyaaH

J sari;_

J say

ibbaak

a"a

\ imaal
\ ams
4

Santa
^
5 eek

Sabuun
SubH
Sudaat
SafHa
Suura
Saydali
Duhr
Tabuur
Taaza
Taalib
Tabbaax
Tabtan

21
Plane
Officer
Normal~usual
Colloquial

Arabic
Car
Policeman
Dinnerlsupper
Because
Juice
Box
Generally
Address
Clinic
Patientlsick
Family
Lunch
Laundry
Fruits
Chicken
Janitor
Blanks
Opportunity
Dress
Classical
Classroom
Breakfast
Verb
Change(smal1 bills)
Camation(very clean)
Money
Artist
Broad beans
Dictionary
Department
Train
Piece
Sitting
Penlpencil
Shirt
Coffee
Glass
Book
Copybook
Chair
Tie

Tayyaara
Zaabit

kasiil
fakha
firaax
farra
farakaat
furSa
fustaan
foSHa
faS1
fiTaar
fakka
full
fuluus
fannaan
fool
Qamuus
Qism
'atr
QiTta
'utaad
'alam
'amiis
'ahwa
kubbaaya
kitaab
kurraasa
kursi
karavatta

Note book
Enough
Dog
Word
Electricity
Electrician
Bridge
Ball
baglpurse
Meat
Nice
Until
If
Color
Night
Late
Museum
Dual
Stuffed
Wallet
Storelshop
Local
Teacher
Managerldirector
Jam
Time (once)
Comfortable
Boat
Fan
Hospital
In a hurry
Amazed
Imported
Serial (TV)
Problem
Apricot
Way
Grilled
Kitchen
Rain
Singer
Restaurant
Never mind
Stomach ache
Key
Place
Desk/office
Librarylbook casehook store
Iron man
Air-conditioned

kaJ kuul
kifaaya
kalb
kilma
kahraba
kahrubaa'i
kubri
koora
kiis
lama
laTiif
litaayit
law
loon
lee1
mit axxar
matHaf

maHfaZa
maHal
maHalli
mudarrisa
mudiir
mirabba
marra
mirtaaH
markib
marwaHa
msta\fa
mistatgil
mustawrad
musalsal

muftaaH
makaan
maktab
maktaba
makwagi
mukayyaf

Nurse
Forbidden
Suitable
Engineer
Transportatiodtraffic
Utensils
Employee
Water
Square (of street)
Appointment
Birth
Club
People
Comer (of street)
Calendar
Carpenter
Stars
Eye glasses
Same
Number
Day time
River
Light
Kind
Sleeping
ISlle (river)
Presents
Clothes
Wind
Homework
Middlekenter
Face
Job
BOY
Right (direction)
Day

mumamda
mamnuu;munaasib
muhandis
muwaaSalaaT
mawaLiin
muwaZZaf
mayya
midaan
micaad
miilaad
naad i
naas
naSya
natiiga
naggaar
nuguum
naddaara
nafs
nirnra
nahaar
nahr
nuur
noom
niil
hadaaya
huduum
hawa

walad

^/V*'\O

:^+I^.

I. S.B. N. 977 - 19 - 7930 - 2

.. - -.
+
a
*

'+l

yl iJWl^I*

ancient Egyptian are the masters of the written word

had an impact on the flourishment of civilization in the
word