Luận Văn New

MC LC
MC LC ....................................................................................................................
DANH MC T VIT TT .................................................................................... i
DANH MC BNG BIU ...................................................................................... iv
DANH MC HNH V V TH ...................................................................... v
LI M U ............................................................................................................ 1
TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG............. 3 Chng 1
1.1 Lch s pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ................................... 3
1.1.1 H thng thng tin di ng th h th nht ............................................ 3
1.1.2 H thng thng tin di ng th h th hai .............................................. 3
1.1.3 H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba ............................................... 4
1.1.4 H thng thng tin di ng th h th t ................................................ 5
1.2 Truyn sng trong thng tin di ng ......................................................... 6
1.2.1 c tnh truyn sng trong thng tin di ng ......................................... 6
1.2.2 Tn hao ng truyn ............................................................................. 6
1.2.3 nh hng ca hiu ng Dopler ............................................................ 7
1.2.4 Hin tng fading ................................................................................... 7
1.2.5 Hin tng tri tr ................................................................................... 9
1.3 K thut a truy nhp trong thng tin di ng ........................................ 9
1.3.1 a truy cp phn chia theo tn s (FDMA) .......................................... 10
1.3.2 a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA) ..................................... 10
1.3.3 a truy cp phn chia theo m (CDMA) .............................................. 11
TNG QUAN V H THNG MNG WCDMA ...................... 13 Chng 2
2.1 Cu trc h thng ca WCDMA .............................................................. 13
2.2 Cc kiu knh ca mng WCDMA .......................................................... 16
2.2.1 Cc kiu knh vt l .............................................................................. 16
2.2.2 Cc kiu knh truyn ti ....................................................................... 18
2.2.3 Cc kiu knh logic ............................................................................... 21
2.3 Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS-UTRAN ............................... 23
2.3.1 Cu trc UTRAN .................................................................................. 23
2.3.2 M hnh giao thc tng qut i vi cc giao din mt t ca UTRAN
26
2.4 Cc giao din trong UTRAN .................................................................... 29
2.4.1 Giao din RNC-RNC v bo hiu RNSNAP ........................................ 29
2.4.2 Giao din RNC-nt B v bo hiu NBAP ............................................ 31
2.4.3 Giao din v tuyn (Uu) ....................................................................... 33
2.5 Giao din UTRAN-CN, Iu ........................................................................ 36
2.5.1 Cu trc cho giao thc Iu CS ................................................................ 36
2.5.2 Cu trc giao thc cho Iu PS ................................................................ 38
2.5.3 Giao thc RANAP ................................................................................ 39
2.5.4 Giao thc mt ngi s dng Iu ........................................................... 41
2.5.5 Thit lp mt cuc gi WCDMA/UMTS ............................................. 42
2.5.6 Cc phin s liu gi WCDMA ......................................................... 46
QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN TRONG WCDMA ............. 49 Chng 3
3.1 Tnh ton vng ph WCDMA .................................................................. 49
3.1.1 Tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn................................................... 50
3.1.2 Tnh ton vng ph ca ..................................................................... 58
3.2 Tnh ton dung lng trong WCDMA .................................................... 62
3.2.1 Tnh ton dung lng hng ln .......................................................... 62
3.2.2 Tnh ton dung lng hng xung ..................................................... 64
3.3 Tnh ton quy hoch mng i vi trng hp c th .......................... 67
M PHNG QUY HOCH MNG WCDMA ........................... 74 Chng 4
4.1 Quy hoch mng WCDMA s dng phn mm m phng ................... 74
4.1.1 Cc thng s u vo m phng ........................................................... 75
4.1.2 Kt qu m phng ................................................................................. 77
Kt lun .................................................................................................................... 80
Danh mc ti liu tham kho ................................................................................. 81

i

DANH MC T VIT TT
T vit tt Ting Anh Ting Vit
2G 2nd Generation H thng thng tin di ng th h th
hai
3G 3rd Generation H thng thng tin di ng th h th
ba
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership
Project
D n hp tc th h th ba
3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership
Project 2
D n th hai hp tc th h th ba
ACCH Associated Control Channels Knh iu khin lin kt
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone
System
H thng in thoi di ng tin tin
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel Knh qung b iu khin
BCH Broadcast Channel Knh qung b
BER Bit Error Ratio T s bit li
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying Kha dch pha nh phn
BSC Base Station Controler B iu khin trm gc
BSS Base Station Subsystem Phn h trm gc
BTS Base Tranceiver Station Trm v tuyn thu pht gc
C/I Carrier to Interference ratio T s sng mang trn nhiu
CCCH Common Control Channel Knh iu khin chung
CCPCH Common Control Physical
Chanel
Knh vt l iu khin chung
CDMA Code Division Multiple
Access
a truy cp chia theo m
CPCC Common Power Control
Chanel
Knh iu khin cng sut chung
CPCH Common Packet Chanel. Knh gi chung
CPICH Common Pilot Chanel Knh hoa tiu chung
CR Chip Rate Tc chip
CS Circuit Switch Chuyn mch knh
DCCH Dedicated Control Channel Knh iu khin dnh ring
DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control
Chanel
Knh iu khin vt l ring
DPCH Dedicated Physical Chanel Knh vt l ring

ii

DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data
Chanel
Knh s liu vt l ring
DSCH Downlink Shared Chanel Knh dng chung ng xung
DTCH Dedicated Traffic Chanel Knh lu lng ring
FACCH Fast Associated Control
Channel
Knh iu khin lin kt nhanh
FACH Forward Access Chanel Knh truy nhp ng xung
FAUSCH Fast Uplink Signalling
Chanel
Knh bo hiu ng ln nhanh
FCCCH Forward Common Control
Chanel
Knh iu khin chung ng xung
FCCH Frequency Correction
Channel
Knh hiu chnh tn s
FDCCH Forward Dedicated Control
Chanel
Knh iu khin ring ng xung
FDD Frequency Division Duplex Ghp knh song cng phn chia theo
tn s
FDMA Frequence Division Multiple
Access
a truy cp phn chia theo tn s
GPRS General Packet Radio
Services
Dch v v tuyn gi chung
GSM Global System for Mobile
Communication
Thng tin di ng ton cu
HO HandOver Chuyn giao
IMSI International Mobile
Subscriber Identity
S nhn dng thu bao di ng quc
t
IMT-2000 International Mobile
Telecommunication
Tiu chun thng tin di ng ton
cu
IP Internet Protocol Giao thc Internet
IS-95A Interim Standard 95A Tiu chun thng tin di ng TDMA
ci tin ca M (Qualcomm)
ISDN Integrated Servive Digital
Network
Mng s a dch v
ITU International Mobile
Telecommunication Union
Lin minh vin thng quc t
LLC Logical Link Control iu khin lin kt logic
ME Mobile Equipment Thit b di ng
MS Mobile Station Trm di ng
MSC Mobile Service Switching Tng i di ng

iii

Center
Node B WCDMA BS L nt logic kt cui giao din IuB
vi RNC
NSS Network and Switching
Subsystem
H thng chuyn mch
PAGCH Paging and Access Knh chp nhn truy cp v nhn tin
PCCH Paging Contrlo Chanel Knh iu khin tm gi
PCH Paging Channel Knh nhn tin
PCPCH Physical Common Packet
Chanel
Knh gi chung vt l
PCS Personal Communication
Services
Dch v thng tin c nhn
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network Mng di ng mt t cng cng
PSTN Public Switched Telephone
Network
Mng chuyn mch thoi cng cng
RACH Random Access Channel Knh truy cp ngu nhin
RRC Radio Resource Control iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn
SCH Synchronization Channel Knh ng b
SDCCH Stand alone Dedicated
Control Channel
Knh iu khin dnh ring
TCH Traffic Channel Knh lu lng
TDD Time Division Duplex Ghp song cng phn chia thi gian
TDMA Time Division Multiple
Access
a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian
UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio
Access Network
Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t
ton cu
WCDMA Wideband Code Division
Multiplex Access
a truy cp phn chia theo m bng
rng

iv

DANH MC BNG BIU
Bng 2-1 Sp xp cc knh truyn ti ln cc knh vt l ........................................ 21
Bng 3-1 Cc lp cng sut ca UE ......................................................................... 51
Bng 3-2 Gi tr Eb/No yu cu trong mi trng ng truyn tnh ..................... 53
Bng 3-3 Gi tr Eb/No yu cu trong iu kin truyn dn a ng .................... 53
Bng 3-4 Cc tham s tnh ton qu ng truyn .................................................. 57
Bng 3-5 Cc hng s A v B trong m hnh Okumura Hata ................................ 59
Bng 3-6 Cc gi thit hng ln.............................................................................. 68
Bng 3-7 Cc gi thit hng xung ........................................................................ 68
Bng 3-8 Cc tham s tnh ton qu ng truyn hng ln ................................. 68
Bng 3-9 Bn knh ph sng tng ng vi tng dch v ........................................ 69
Bng 3-10 Mt dch v tng ng ................................................................... 70
Bng 3-11 Lu lng trung bnh ca dch v ........................................................... 71
Bng 3-12 So snh s lng knh yu cu ty theo s lng BS ............................ 72
Bng 4-1 Mt s phn gii bn thng dng .................................................. 76

v

DANH MC HNH V V TH
Hnh 1-1 L trnh pht trin ca cc h thng thng tin di ng ln 3G .................... 5
Hnh 1-2 M hnh truyn sng trong thng tin di ng .............................................. 6
Hnh 1-3 Fading nhanh v Fading chm ..................................................................... 8
Hnh 1-4 a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s ............................................................ 10
Hnh 1-5 a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian ....................................................... 11
Hnh 1-6 a truy nhp phn chia theo m ................................................................ 12
Hnh 2-1 Cc phn t ca mng UMTS ................................................................... 14
Hnh 2-2 Cc knh ca lp vt l .............................................................................. 17
Hnh 2-3 Cch sp xp hai knh truyn ti trn mt knh vt l .............................. 19
Hnh 2-4 Sp xp gia cc knh logic v cc knh truyn ti .................................. 23
Hnh 2-5 Cu trc UTRAN ....................................................................................... 24
Hnh 2-6 Chc nng logic ca RNC i vi mt kt ni UTRAN ca UE .............. 26
Hnh 2-7 M hnh giao thc tng qut cho cc giao din mt t UTRAN ............. 27
Hnh 2-8 Ngn xp giao thc cho giao din Iur ........................................................ 30
Hnh 2-9 Ngn xp giao thc ca giao din Iub ....................................................... 31
Hnh 2-10 Knh logic ca nt B cho FDD ................................................................ 32
Hnh 2-11 Cu trc phn lp ca giao din v tuyn ............................................... 33
Hnh 2-12 Cu trc giao thc Iu CS ......................................................................... 37
Hnh 2-13 Cu trc giao thc Iu PS .......................................................................... 38
Hnh 2-14 Th tc thit lp cuc gi WCDMA .................................................... 43
Hnh 2-15 Cc ngn xp giao thc mt iu khin WCDMA GPRS ....................... 46
Hnh 2-16 Ngn xp giao thc mt phng ngi s dng WCDMA GPRS ............ 47
Hnh 3-1 Qu ng truyn v tuyn trong WCDMA ............................................. 50

vi

Hnh 3-2 Tng ch x l i vi cch dch v khc nhau ......................................... 52
Hnh 3-3 S ph thuc ca d tr nhiu vi ti ca .............................................. 54
Hnh 3-4 M hnh Walfisch/Ikegami ........................................................................ 61
Hnh 3-5 Mi quan h gia s lng thu bao v s tng tp m ............................ 64
Hnh 3-6 Mi quan h gia cng sut pht v s lng ngi dng cho php ........ 67
Hnh 4-1 Cc bc thc hin m phng quy hoch mng ....................................... 75

Lun vn thc s
o Vn Vit Cao hc TVT 2010-2012 Trang 1
LI M U
Sau nhiu nm pht trin, thng tin di ng tri qua nhiu giai on pht
trin quan trng. T h thng thng tin di ng tng t th h th nht n h
thng thng tin di ng th h th hai, h thng thng tin di ng bng rng th
h th ba, v h thng thng tin di ng a phng tin th h th t c
trin khai ti mt s quc gia. Dch v ch yu ca h thng thng tin di ng th
h th nht v th hai l thoi cn dch v th h ba v th t pht trin d liu,
video v a phng tin.
Hin ti, Vit Nam ang c tt c 6 nh khai thc mng thng tin di ng
mt t bao gm c cng ngh GSM v CDMA. Vo thng 4/2009 b TT&TT
cp php trin khai mng 3G UMTS theo cng ngh WCDMA cho 4 nh khai
thc. Th trng mng vin thng ti Vit Nam ang pht trin rt nhanh, tng
bc tin ti kh nng cung cp cc dch v gi tr gia tng tc cao.
Trn c s thc tin v sau thi gian hc tp v nghin cu trong khun
kh chng trnh o to thc s in t Vin thng ti trng i hc Bch
Khoa H Ni, c s hng dn chu o, nhit tnh ca cc thy, c trong khoa
in t Vin thng, Vin o to sau i hc, ti la chn ti lun vn l
Cng ngh WCDMA v ng dng ti Vit Nam.
Kt cu ca lun vn bao gm 4 chng:
Chng 1: Gii thiu chung v qu trnh pht trin ca cc th h mng di
ng mt t v cc c tnh c bn ca cc cng ngh hin ang c s dng
rng ri trn th gii cng nh ti Vit Nam.
Chng 2: Trnh by v cc c tnh c bn trong mng di ng s dng cng
ngh WCDMA.
Chng 3: Tp trung nghin cu v phng php tnh ton dung lng cng
nh vng ph ca h thng mng s dng cng ngh WCDMA, la chn cc
thng s tnh ton ph hp vi iu kin trin khai thc t tng khu vc.
Lun vn thc s
Chng 4: Trnh by mt s kt qu m phng thc t da trn c s l
thuyt c trnh by trong cc chng trc, qua nh gi tnh ng n
ca phng php nghin cu v m phng quy hoch mng.

Lun vn thc s
TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG Chng 1
1.1 Lch s pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng
K t khi c trin khai vo nhng nm u ca thp nin 1980, thng tin di
ng v ang pht trin vi tc ht sc nhanh chng trn phm vi ton cu.
iu ny khin cc nh khai thc cng nh cc t chc vin thng khng ngng
nghin cu v a ra cc gii php k thut ci tin v nng cp cc h thng
thng tin, cho n nay h thng thng tin di ng tri qua 4 th h.
1.1.1 H thng thng tin di ng th h th nht
H thng thng tin di ng th h th nht (1G) c pht trin vo nhng nm
cui thp nin 70. H thng ny s dng k thut tng t v phng php a truy
nhp phn chia theo tn s FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access).
H thng thng tin di ng th h th nht ch c s dng cho dch v thoi
vi cht lng thp do phn b tn s hn ch, dung lng thp dn ti tnh trng
nghn mng v nhiu xy ra thng xuyn.
Cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th nht tiu biu l h thng di ng tin
tin (AMPS), h thng di ng tin tin bng hp (NAMPS), h thng thng tin
truy nhp ton din (TACS) v h thng NTT.
1.1.2 H thng thng tin di ng th h th hai
Gii php loi b cc hn ch ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th nht
l chuyn sang s dng k thut thng tin s s dng cc dch v a truy nhp mi,
dn ti s ra i ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th hai (2G).
H thng thng tin di ng th h th hai l h thng thng tin di ng s bng
hp, s dng phng php chuyn mch s v phng php a truy nhp TDMA
(Time Division Multiple Access) v CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).
H thng a truy nhp TDMA u tin ra i trn th gii l GSM. GSM c
pht trin t nm 1982, CEPT quy nh vic n nh tn s dch v vin thng Chu
u bng tn 900MHz. Song song vi s pht trin ca cc h thng thng tin di
Lun vn thc s
ng t bo ni trn, cc h thng thng tin di ng hn ch cho mng ni ht s
dng my cm tay khng dy s PCS (Personal Communication System) cng c
nghin cu pht trin. Hai h thng in hnh cho loi thng tin ny l: DECT
(Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecoms) ca chu u v PHS ca Nht cng c
a vo khai thc. Ngoi k thut TDMA, n nm 1995, CDMA c a vo s
dng mt s nc (CDMA-IS95).
Cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th hai c nhiu im ni bt nh cht
lng thng tin c ci tin nh cc cng ngh x l tn hiu s khc nhau, nhiu
dch v mi (v d: cc dch v phi thoi), k thut m ha c ci tin, tng
thch tt hn vi cc mng s v pht huy hiu qu di ph v tuyn.
1.1.3 H thng thng tin di ng th h th ba
p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng ca khch hng, h thng thng tin di ng
th h th ba (3G) c nghin cu s dng. Khc vi cc h thng thng tin di
ng th h th nht (tng t) v th hai (s), h thng thng tin di ng th h
th ba c xu th chun ho ton cu v kh nng cung cp cc dch v yu cu tc
bit cao ti 2Mbit/s, h tr s dng truy cp Internet, truyn hnh v thm nhiu
dch v mi khc. phn bit vi h thng thng tin di ng bng hp hin nay,
h thng thng tin di ng th h th ba cn c gi l h thng thng tin di ng
bng rng.
Nhiu tiu chun cho h thng thng tin di ng th h 3 IMT-2000 c
xut, trong 2 h thng W-CDMA v CDMA2000 c ITU chp thun v
a vo hot ng trong nhng nm u ca nhng thp k 2000.
Trn th gii hin c hai xu hng pht trin ln 3G chnh l hng pht trin
i t CDMA IS-95 ln CDMA 2000 3G-1x ri n CDMA 2000 1xEV-DO, 1x EV-
DV, hng pht trin cn li xut pht t mng GSM, c th i qua giai on
EDGE, sau pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA.
Lun vn thc s
CDMA
GSM
TDMA
PHS
(IP-Based)
64 Kbps
GPRS
115 Kbps
CDMA 1xRTT
144 Kbps
EDGE
384 Kbps
cdma2000
1X-EV-DV
Over 2.4 Mbps
W-CDMA
(UMTS)
Up to 2 Mbps
2G
2.5G
2.75G
3G
1992 - 2000+
2001+
2003+
1G
1984 - 1996+
2003 - 2004+
TACS
NMT
AMPS
GSM/
GPRS
(Overlay)
115 Kbps
9.6 Kbps
9.6 Kbps
14.4 Kbps
/ 64 Kbps
9.6 Kbps
PDC
Analog Voice
Digital Voice
Packet Data
Intermediate
Multimedia
Multimedia
PHS
TD-SCDMA
2 Mbps ?
9.6 Kbps
iDEN
(Overlay)
iDEN

Hnh 1-1 L trnh pht trin ca cc h thng thng tin di ng ln 3G
1.1.4 H thng thng tin di ng th h th t
H thng thng tin di ng th h th t (4G) cho php truyn ti d liu vi
tc ti a trong iu kin l tng ln ti 1 cho n 1.5 Gb/giy. Cng ngh 4G
c bit nh l chun tng lai ca cc thit b khng dy. Cc nghin cu u
tin ca NTT DoCoMo cho bit, in thoi 4G c th nhn d liu vi tc 100
Mb/giy khi di chuyn v ti 1 Gb/giy khi ng yn, cho php ngi s dng c
th ti v truyn ln hnh nh ng cht lng cao. Chun 4G cho php truyn cc
ng dng phng tin truyn thng ph bin nht, gp phn to nn cc nhng ng
dng mnh m cho cc mng khng dy ni b (WLAN) v cc ng dng khc.
H thng thng tin di ng th h th t dng k thut truyn ti truy cp phn
chia theo tn s trc giao OFDM, l k thut nhiu tn hiu c gii i cng mt
lc nhng trn nhng tn s khc nhau. Trong k thut OFDM, ch c mt thit b
truyn tn hiu trn nhiu tn s c lp (t vi chc cho n vi ngn tn s). Thit
b 4G s dng my thu v tuyn xc nhn bi phn mm SDR (Software - Defined
Lun vn thc s
Radio) cho php s dng bng thng hiu qu hn bng cch dng a knh ng
thi. Tng i chuyn mch mng 4G ch dng chuyn mch gi, do , gim tr
thi gian truyn v nhn d liu.
1.2 Truyn sng trong thng tin di ng
1.2.1 c tnh truyn sng trong thng tin di ng
c tnh truyn sng trong thng tin v tuyn di ng l tn hiu thu c
my thu b thay i so vi tn hiu pht my pht v tn s, bin , pha v
thi gian gi chm. Cc thay i ny c tnh cht rt phc tp v s tc ng ca
chng nh hng ti cht lng lin lc hay truyn d liu, n ph thuc vo hng
lot cc yu t nh: a hnh, khong cch lin lc, di tn, kh quyn, mt thu
bao.

Ta c th c bn chia nh hng ca chng thnh: nh hng ca hiu ng
Dopler, tn hao ng truyn, hiu ng pha-inh v hin tng tri tr.
1.2.2 Tn hao ng truyn
L lng suy gim ca cng tn hiu thu so vi cng tn hiu pht.
Cng trung bnh ca tn hiu thu gim dn theo khong cch, do cng sut ca
tn hiu trn mt din tch ca mt cu sng ti gim dn theo khong cch gia
Time
Strength of the
received signal
Transmitted
signal
Hnh 1-2 M hnh truyn sng trong thng tin di ng
Lun vn thc s
anten pht v anten thu, hp th ca mi trng truyn sng. Tn hao ng truyn
ph thuc vo: Tn s bc x, a hnh, mt thu bao, mc di ng ca
chng ngi vt, loi anten c s dng. Trong mng t bo th tn hao ny tng
t l vi ly tha ca khong cch, tun theo lut m 4.
Tn hao ng truyn hn ch kch thc ca t bo v c ly thng tin, do ta
c th li dng n phn chia hiu qu cc t bo, cho php ti s dng tn s mt
cch hin hu, lm tng hiu qu s dng tn s.
1.2.3 nh hng ca hiu ng Dopler
L s thay i ca tn s tn hiu thu so vi tn s tn hiu pht gy bi chuyn
ng tng i gia my thu v pht trong qu trnh truyn sng. Gi s tn s thu
c ti my thu l:
f = fc + fm*cosi
f = fc*(1+(v/c) * cosi) (1.1)
Trong :
- f: l tn s tn hiu thu c u vo my thu
- fc: l tn s sng mang pht khng b iu ch
- fm: l lng dch tn Dopler
- i: gc ca tia sng ti th i so vi hng chuyn ng ca my thu
- c: l vn tc nh sng m fm=v*fc/c
Khi my thu ng yn so vi my pht (v = 0) hoc my thu chuyn ng
vung gc vi gc ti ca tn hiu pht (i = 90) th tn s ca tn hiu thu mi
khng b thay i. Ngc li th b thay i v hiu ng xy ra mnh nht khi my
thu chuyn ng theo phng ca tia sng ti (i = 0; 180).
1.2.4 Hin tng fading
mt khong cch ngn no th mc tn hiu thu trung bnh khng i, khi
mc bin tc thi ca tn hiu thu ti anten c th thay i nhanh hoc chm,
nhng khi khong cch gia MS v BTS tng th mc tn hiu thu trung bnh gim.
Lun vn thc s
Khong cch(m)
Rx power (dBm)
10 20 30
-20
-40
-60
Fading chm
Fading nhanh

Hnh 1-3 Fading nhanh v Fading chm
1.2.4.1 Fading chm
Fading chm cp n hiu ng che ti gy ra bi chng ngi vt. Trong
fading chm, cng tn hiu thu b suy yu nhng gi tr trung bnh ca cng
trng thay i t t theo s thay i ca v tr a l. Tc gim ph thuc
vo tc chuyn ng ca cc trm di ng (MS).
1.2.4.2 Fading nhanh
Fading nhanh c ngha l bin v pha ca tn hiu thay i rt ln theo s
chuyn ng ca MS. Cc im fading su phn phi khong gn mt na bc
sng. Fading nhanh cng c gi l fading Raileigh bi v cng trng tun
theo phn b Raileigh. Bin v pha ca fading l ngu nhin.
Fading nhanh c chia thnh ba loi sau y:
- Fading la chn thi gian (Time-selective fading): ngi s dng di chuyn
nhanh to ra hiu ng Doppler trong min tn s v do gy ra s khuch
tn tn s, kt qu l fading la chn thi gian xy ra.
Lun vn thc s
- Fading la chn khng gian (Space-selective fading): fading c cc tnh cht
khc nhau nhng ni khc nhau v trn nhng ng truyn dn khc
nhau.
- Fading la chn tn s (Frequency-selective fading): fading c cc tnh cht
khc nhau i vi cc tn s khc nhau, do gy ra s khuch tn tr v
fading chn lc tn s su hn.
Cc phng php ph bin gim tc ng ca fading nhanh trong truyn
thng di ng bao gm phn tp khng gian, phn tp tn s v phn tp thi gian.
1.2.5 Hin tng tri tr
i vi thng tin di ng s th vic truyn dn tn hiu theo nhiu tia sng
trong mi trng di ng dn n s tri tr v tri tr c th xem nh di ca
xung khi xung cc hp c pht i.
Hin tng tri tr lm hn ch tc truyn tin v khi lu lng tri tr cng
ln th tc truyn tin cng nh. i vi h thng thng tin di ng trong nh th
tc ti a c th t c khong 2 Mb/s m khng cn b cn bng knh, cn
i vi thng tin di ng t bo ln mun truyn tin vi tc cao th nht thit
phi c b cn bng knh hoc l chia nh kch thc ca t bo (thc cht ca b
cn bng knh l mch lc). Do kch thc ca t bo c nh hng rt ln n
c im truyn sng trong thng tin di ng.
1.3 K thut a truy nhp trong thng tin di ng
Trong h thng thng tin v tuyn di ng, cc k thut a truy nhp c s
dng iu khin vic cp pht ti nguyn mng.
Mc ch ca cc k thut a truy nhp l:
- Cung cp cho ngi dng phng cch truy nhp xc nh ti ngun ti
nguyn cn chia s.
- Gim thiu nh hng ca nhiu ti cc thu bao
- S dng hiu qu bng tn c sn
Lun vn thc s
- H tr vic cp pht ti nguyn linh hot
1.3.1 a truy cp phn chia theo tn s (FDMA)
Cng ngh FDMA c s dng ln u tin trong cc h thng thng tin
tng t. Trong k thut ny, bng tn tng c phn chia thnh nhiu bng tn
nh. Mi thu bao MS c php truyn lin tc theo thi gian trn mt bng tn
nh c cp pht cho MS , do s khng b trng. Mi bng tn bao gm
bng tn ti thiu cho vic truyn d liu v hai di tn bo v hai bn chng
nhiu xuyn knh.

c im ca FDMA l thu bao MS s c cp pht mt knh i lin lc
sut thi gian thng tuyn. Nhiu giao thoa do tn s cc knh ln cn nhau l ng
k, trm gc BS phi c b thu pht ring lm vic vi mi thu bao MS trong h
thng di ng.
1.3.2 a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA)
Trong k thut TDMA sng mang v tuyn ca mt bng thng c chia
thnh cc knh phn chia theo thi gian (c gi l khe thi gian - timeslot). Mi
ngi s dng chim mt khe thi gian v truyn nhn tn hiu trong khe thi gian
quy nh ny. V vy, n c gi l a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian.
Power
FDMA
Hnh 1-4 a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s
Lun vn thc s

TDMA l mt kin trc phc tp, v trng hp n gin nht l mt knh
sng mang n c chia thnh nhiu khe thi gian khc nhau, mi khe thi gian
truyn ti cc cm thng tin nh hng trn mt ng ring. Ngi s dng giao
tip vi mt trm gc BS trong mode ng b v m khe thi gian. Khi khe thi
gian ca mnh n, trm di ng MS bt u nhn v gii m cm thng tin nh
hng gi t trm gc BS.
TDMA c c im l tn hiu ca thu bao c truyn dn s, lin lc song
cng mi hng thuc cc di tn lin lc khc nhau, gim nhiu giao thoa, gim s
my thu pht BTS.
1.3.3 a truy cp phn chia theo m (CDMA)
CDMA l phng thc a truy nhp c thc hin bi k thut tri ph.
Khng ging nh FDMA v TDMA tch bit thng tin ngi s dng trong min
thi gian v tn s, CDMA c th truyn ti cc thng tin ca nhiu ngi dng trn
mt knh ti cng thi im, cho php giao thoa gia ngi s dng. iu quan
trng l tt c cc thng tin trc khi truyn nn c iu ch thnh cc m tri
ph khc nhau thnh tn hiu bng thng rng, sau tt c cc tn hiu c trn
ln v gi i. Tn hiu hn hp s c gii iu ch bi cc m tri ph ti cc
my thu khc nhau. Do cc m tri ph l trc giao, nn ch cc thng tin c
c gii iu ch bi cng m tri ph mi c th khi phc t tn hiu hn hp.
Power
TDMA
Hnh 1-5 a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian
Lun vn thc s

Trong h thng CDMA, ngi s dng khc nhau chia s tng cng sut ca h
thng. iu c ngha, nng lc ca h thng CDMA b hn ch bi cng sut. V
vy, vic s dng nng lng cn phi c kim sot cht ch.
c im ca tn hiu CDMA l s dng tn hiu cao tn, di tn rng hng
MHz, s dng k thut tri ph phc tp. K thut tri ph cho php tn hiu v
tuyn s dng c cng rt nh v chng fading hiu qu hn FDMA v
TDMA.

Power
CDMA
Hnh 1-6 a truy nhp phn chia theo m
Lun vn thc s
TNG QUAN V H THNG MNG WCDMA Chng 2
H thng vin thng di ng ton cu (UMTS) l 1 trong cc cng ngh di ng
3G. UMTS da trn nn tng CDMA bng rng (WCDMA), c chun ha bi
T chc cc i tc pht trin 3G (3GPP), v l chun ca Chu u cho yu cu
pht trin 3G i vi h thng di ng t ong ca t chc ITU IMT2000. UMTS i
khi cn c gi l 3GSM, ch s kt hp v bn cht cng ngh 3G ca UMTS
v chun GSM truyn thng.
2.1 Cu trc h thng ca WCDMA
H thng UMTS gm mt s cc phn t mng logic, mi phn t c mt chc
nng xc nh. Mc d mng c nh ngha mc logic, nhng cng thng
c thc hin dng vt l. Trong c mt s giao din m l cc giao din
c nh ngha sao cho mc chi tit c th s dng c thit b ca hai nh sn
xut khc nhau cc im cui. C th nhm cc phn t mng ny theo cc chc
nng ging nhau hay theo mng con m chng trc thuc.
V mt chc nng cc phn t ca mng c nhm thnh mng truy nhp v
tuyn (RAN: Radio Access Network hay UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial RAN) thc
hin chc nng lin quan n v tuyn v mng li CN (Core Network) thc
hin chc nng chuyn mch, nh tuyn cuc gi v kt ni s liu. Ngoi ra, h
thng cn c thit b ca ngi s dng UE (User Equitment) giao tip vi h thng
thng qua giao din v tuyn. Cu trc h thng mc cao c cho hnh 2-1
Lun vn thc s
USIM
ME
Node B
Node B
RNC
Node B
Node B
RNC
MSC/
VLR
GMSC
SGSN GGSN
HLR
UTRAN CN UE
E
x
t
e
r
n
a
l

N
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
Cu
Uu Iu
Iub
Iur

Hnh 2-1 Cc phn t ca mng UMTS
Trong , cc phn t ca h thng c th nh sau:
- USIM (UMTS User Indentity Module): Th SimCard UMTS ca ngi s
dng.
- MS (Mobile Station): Trm di ng
- RNC (Radio Network Control): B iu khin mng v tuyn
- MSC (Mobile Service Switching Center): Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch
v i ng.
- VLR (Visitor Location Register): B ghi nh v tm tr
- SGSN (Service GPRS Support Node): Nt h tr GPRS phc v
- GMSC (Gateway MSC): Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng cng
- GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node): Nt h tr GPRS cng
- HLR (Home Location Register): B ghi nh v thng tr
- UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial RAN): Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS
- CN (Core Network): Mng li
T quan in chun ho, c UE v UTRAN u bao gm nhng giao thc mi,
vic thit k cc giao thc ny da trn cc nhu cu ca cng ngh v tuyn
WCDMA, trong khi vic nh ngha mng li vn da trn GSM. iu ny cho
php h thng vi cng ngh v tuyn mi mang tnh ton cu da trn cng ngh
mng li CN pht trin.
Lun vn thc s
Trong cu trc mng UMTS, thit b ngi s dng UE bao gm hai phn:
- Thit b di ng (ME: Mobile Equitment) l u cui v tuyn c s dng
cho thng tin v tuyn trn giao din Uu.
- Modul nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM: UMTS Subscriber Indentity
Module) cha nhn dng thu bao, thc hin cc thut ton nhn thc v lu
gi cc kho nhn thc v mt s thng tin cn thit cho u cui.
Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UTRAN cha hai phn t khc nhau, l:
- Nt B chuyn i dng s liu gia cc giao din IuB v Uu. N cng
tham gia qun l ti nguyn v tuyn.
- B iu khin mng v tuyn RNC: s hu v iu khin cc ti nguyn v
tuyn trong vng ca mnh (cc nt B kt ni trong vng kt ni ti RNC
tng ng), RNC l im truy nhp tt c cc dch v do UTRAN cung cp
cho mng li CN, chng hn qun l tt c cc kt ni n UE.
Cc phn t chnh ca mng li tng t nh cc phn t tng ng c trong
h thng mng GPRS l: HLR, MSC/VLR (phn mng c truy nhp qua
MSC/VLR thng c gi l vng chuyn mch knh CS), GMSC (l chuyn
mch ti im kt ni UMTS PLMN vi mng CS bn ngoi), SGSN (phn mng
c truy nhp qua SGSN c gi l vng chuyn mch gi PS), GGSN (ging
nh GMSC nhng lin quan n cc dch v PS).
Nh vy, h thng mng cng c th c chia thnh hai nhm:
- Cc mng CS, cc mng ny m bo cc kt ni chuyn mch theo knh
ging nh cc dch v thoi (v d: ISDN v PSTN).
- Cc mng PS, cc mng ny m bo cc kt ni cho cc dch v chuyn
mch gi (v d: truy cp Internet).
Cc giao din m chnh trong UMTS bao gm:
- Giao din Cu: y l giao din gia th thng minh USIM v ME. Giao din
ny tun theo mt khun dng tiu chun cho cc th thng minh.
Lun vn thc s
- Giao din Uu: y l giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA. Uu l giao din m
qua UE truy nhp cc phn t c nh ca h thng v v th n l giao
din m quan trng nht UMTS.
- Giao din Iu: Giao din ny ni UTRAN vi CN. Giao din Iu cung cp cho
cc nh khai thc kh nng trang b UTRAN v CN t cc nh sn xut khc
nhau trn mt h thng mng duy nht.
- Giao din Iur: Giao din m Iur cho php chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC t
cc nh sn xut khc nhau.
- Giao din Iub: Giao din ny kt ni mt nt B vi mt RNC. UMTS l h
thng in thoi di ng u tin trong giao din gia b iu khin v
trm gc c tiu chun ha nh l mt giao din m hon ton. Ging nh
cc giao din m khc, Iub m cho php s cnh tranh gia cc nh sn xut
trong lnh vc ny.
2.2 Cc kiu knh ca mng WCDMA
Cc knh ca WCDMA c chia thnh cc loi sau y:
- Knh vt l (PhCH): Knh mang s liu trn giao din v tuyn. Mi PhCH
c mt tri ph m nh knh duy nht phn bit vi knh khc. Mt
ngi s dng tch cc c th s dng cc PhCH ring, chung hoc c hai.
Knh ring l knh PhCH dnh ring cho mt UE cn knh chung c chia
s gia cc UE trong mt .
- Knh truyn ti (TrCH): Knh do lp vt l cung cp cho lp 2 truyn s
liu. Cc knh TrCH c sp xp ln cc PhCH.
- Knh Logic (LoCH): Knh c lp con MAC ca lp 2 cung cp cho lp
cao hn. Knh LoCH c xc nh bi kiu thng tin m n truyn.
2.2.1 Cc kiu knh vt l
Mt knh vt l c coi l t hp ca tn s, m ngu nhin,m nh knh v
c pha tng i (i vi ng ln). Knh vt l bao gm hai loi knh: knh vt
l ring v knh vt l chung. Cc knh vt l c tng kt trong hnh di y:
Lun vn thc s

PHYSICAL
CHANNEL
DPCH
CPCH
DPDCH
DPCCH
CPICH
P-CCPCH
S-CCPCH
SCH
PDSCH
PRACH
PCPCH
AICH
PICH
CSICH
CD/CA-ICH

ng ln
ng xung

Hnh 2-2 Cc knh ca lp vt l
2.2.1.1 Knh vt l ring DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel)
Knh hai chiu ng xung ng ln c n nh cho UE. N bao gm hai
knh: Knh vt l s liu ring DPDCH (Dedicated Physiccal Data Channel) v
knh vt l iu khin ring DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel).
2.2.1.2 Knh vt l chung CPCH (Common Physical Channel)
- Knh vt l truy nhp ngu nhin PRACH (Physical Random Access
Channel): knh chung ng ln.
- Knh vt l gi chung PCPCH (Physical Common Packet Channel): knh
chung ng ln, c s dng mang knh truyn ti CPCH.
- Knh hoa tiu chung CPICH (Common Pilot Channel): knh chung ng
xung.
Lun vn thc s
- Knh vt l iu khin chung s cp P-CCPCH (Primary Common Control
Physical Channel): knh chung ng xung, mi knh c mt knh
truyn BCH.
- Knh vt l iu khin chung th cp S-CCPCH (Secondary Common
Control Physical Channel): knh chung ng xung. c s dng
truyn PCH v BCH.
- Knh ng b SCH (Synchrronization Channel): Knh chung ng xung.
C knh ng b s cp v knh ng b th cp. Mi ch c s dng
mt SCH s cp v th cp. c s dng tm .
- Knh ch th bt AICH (Acquisition Indication Channel): Knh chung ng
xung. c s dng iu khin truy nhp ngu nhin ca PRACH.
- Knh vt l chia s ng xung PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared
Channel): Knh chung ng xung, c s dng mang knh truyn ti.
- Knh ch th tm gi PICH (Page Indication Channel): knh chung ng
xung.
- Knh ch th bt tin t truy nhp AP-AICH (Access Preamble Acquisition
Indicator Channel): knh chung ng xung i cp vi PCPCH iu
khin truy nhp ngu nhin cho PCPCH.
- Knh ch th pht hin va chm CPCH/n nh knh CD/CA-ICH: Knh
chung ng xung i cp vi PCPCH. c s dng iu khin va
chm cho PCPCH.
- Knh ch th trng thi CPCH: knh cung ng xung lin kt vi AP-
AICH pht thng tin v trng thi kt ni ca PCPCH.
2.2.2 Cc kiu knh truyn ti
Trn giao din v tuyn, truyn ti s liu c to ra cc lp cao, trc
ht cc s liu c t ln cc knh truyn ti, sau cc knh truyn ti ny li
c sp xp ln cc knh vt l khc nhau. Lp vt l c yu cu h tr cc
knh truyn ti vi cc tc bit thay i nhm cung cp cc dch v vi rng
bng tn theo yu cu v ghp nhiu dch v trn cng mt kt ni.
Lun vn thc s
Mi knh truyn ti u i km vi mt ch th khun dng truyn ti TFI
(Transport Format Indicator) ti mi thi im m cc knh truyn ti s nhn c
s liu t cc mc cao hn. Lp vt l kt hp thng tin TFI t cc knh truyn ti
khc nhau vo ch th kt hp khun dng truyn ti TCFI (Transport Format
Combination Indicator). TCFI c pht trn knh iu khin thng bo cho
my thu rng knh no ang tch cc khung hin thi. My thu gii m TFCI
nhn c cc TFI. Sau cc TFI ny c chuyn n cc lp cao hn cho cc
knh truyn ti tch cc kt ni.

My pht
Lp vt l
Cc lp cao hn
TF1
Khi truyn ti
v ch th li
TF1
Khi truyn ti
v ch th li
Khi truyn ti
v ch th li
Khi truyn ti
v ch th li
Khi
truyn

Khi
truyn

TF
1
Khi
truyn

Khi
truyn

TF1
Knh iu
khin vt
l
Cc knh
s liu vt
l
Knh iu
khin vt
l
Cc knh
s liu vt
l
Gii m ha v
ghp knh
M ha v
ghp knh
TFCI Gii TFCI
Khi truyn ti 1 Khi truyn ti 2
My thu

Hnh 2-3 Cch sp xp hai knh truyn ti trn mt knh vt l
C hai kiu knh truyn ti l knh truyn ti chung v knh truyn ti ring:
Knh truyn ti chung:
i vi knh truyn ti chung ti nguyn c chia s cho tt c hoc mt
nhm ngi s dng trong . Khi knh truyn ti chung c s dng pht thng
tin cho tt c cc ngi s dng, th thng tin ny khng cn c a ch (v d: knh
qung b BCH pht thng tin h thng cho tt c cc ngi s dng trong mt nn
khng cn nh a ch). Cn khi knh truyn ti chung p dng cho mt ngi s
Lun vn thc s
dng c th, th cn pht nhn dng ngi s dng trong bng (v d: knh tm gi
PCH c s dng tm gi mt UE c th s cha thng tin nhn dng ngi s
dng bn trong bn tin pht).
Mng WCDMA nh ngha mt s kiu knh truyn ti chung cn thit cho
vic hot ng c bn ca mng sau:
- Knh qung b BCH: c s dng pht ng xung cc thng tin c
th ca mng truy nhp UTRAN hoc ca .
- Knh truy nhp ng xung FACH: c s dng mang thng tin iu
khin n cc UE nm trong mt cho trc.
- Knh tm gi PCH: c s dng mang s liu lin quan n th tc tm
gi.
- Knh truy nhp ngu nhin RACH: c s dng mang thng tin iu
khin t UE nh yu cu thit lp mt kt ni.
- Knh gi chung ng ln CPCH: l mt m rng ca knh RACH mang
s liu ca ngi s dng c pht theo gi ng ln.
- Knh chia s ng xung DSCH: s dng mang thng tin ca ngi s
dng v thng tin iu khin, nhiu ngi s dng c th dng chung knh
ny.
Knh truyn ti ring:
Knh truyn ti ring DCH mang thng tin t cc lp trn lp vt l v dnh
ring cho mt ngi s dng, bao gm s liu cho dch v hin thi cng nh thng
tin iu khin lp cao. Lp vt l khng th nhn bit ni dung thng tin c
mang knh DCH, v th thng tin iu khin lp cao v s liu ca ngi s dng
c x l nh nhau. Cc thng s lp vt l do UTRAN thit lp c th thay i gia
s liu v iu khin.
Knh truyn ti ring mang c s liu dch v (v d: cc khung ting) v thng
tin iu khin lp cao hn nh cc lnh chuyn giao v cc bo co o c t UE.
Lun vn thc s
Nh vic h tr tc bit thay i v ghp knh nn WCDMA khng cn knh
truyn ti tch ring cho cc loi knh ny.
Cc kiu knh truyn ti v sp xp chng ln cc knh vt l c th hin
nh trn bng 2-1
Bng 2-1 Sp xp cc knh truyn ti ln cc knh vt l
Knh truyn ti Knh vt l
(UL/DL) Dedicated channel
DCH
Dedicated physical data channel DPDCH

Dedicated physical control channel DPCCH
(UL) Random access channel
RACH
Physical random access channel PRACH
(UL) Common packet channel
CPCH
Physical common packet channel PCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel BCH Primary common control physical channel P-
CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel
FACH

(DL) Paging channel PCH
Secondary common control physical channel S-
CCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel
DSCH
Physical downlink shared channel PDSCH

Signaling physical channels
Synchronisation channel SCH

Common pilot channel CPICH
Acquisition indication channel AICH
Paging indication channel PICH
CPCH Status indication channel CSICH
Collision detection/Channel assignment indicator
channel
CD/CA-ICH

2.2.3 Cc kiu knh logic
Cc knh logic c chia thnh hai nhm l cc knh iu khin truyn
thng tin ca mt iu khin v cc knh lu lng truyn thng tin ca ngi
s dng.
Lun vn thc s
Cc knh iu khin bao gm:
- Knh qung b iu khin BCCH: Knh ng xung pht qung b
thng tin h thng.
- Knh iu khin tm gi PCCH: Knh ng xung pht thng tin tm
gi.
- Knh iu khin ring DCCH: Knh hai chiu im n im pht thng
tin iu khin ring gia UE v mng.
- Knh iu khin chung CCCH: Knh hai chiu pht thng tin iu khin
gia mng v cc UE. Knh logic ny lun lun c sp xp ln cc knh
truyn ti RACH/FACH.
Cc knh lu lng bao gm:
- Knh lu lng ring DTCH: Knh im n im ring cho mt UE
truyn thng tin ca ngi s dng. DTCH c th tn ti c ng ln ln
ng xung.
- Knh lu lng chung CTCH: Knh mt chiu im a im truyn
thng tin ca mt ngi s dng cho tt c hay mt nhm ngi s dng quy
nh hoc ch cho mt ngi s dng. Knh ny ch c ng xung.
Cc knh logic c sp xp ln cc knh truyn ti. S sp xp knh logic ln
knh truyn ti c th hin nh trn hnh 2-4

Lun vn thc s

Hnh 2-4 Sp xp gia cc knh logic v cc knh truyn ti
Gia cc knh logic v cc knh truyn ti tn ti cc kt ni sau y:
- PCCH kt ni n PCH
- BCCH c kt ni n BCH v cng c th c kt ni n FACH
- DCCH v DTCH c th c kt ni n hoc RACH v FACH, CPCH v
FACCH, RACH v DSCH, DCH v DSCH hoc DCH v DCH.
- CCCH c kt ni n RACH v FACH
- CTCH c kt ni n FACH
2.3 Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS-UTRAN
2.3.1 Cu trc UTRAN
Cu trc UTRAN c trnh by nh trn hnh 2-5
SCH
CPICH
AICH
PICH
CSICH
CD/CA-ICH
CCCH
DCCH
DTCH
PCCH BCCH
CCCH
CTCH
DCCH
DTCH
RACH
CPCH DCH
PCH BCH
FACH DSCH DCH
Logical
Channels
Transport
Channels
Uplink Downlink
PCCPCH SCCPCH
PRACH
DPDCH
DPCCH
PDSCH PCPCH
Mapped
Physical
Channels
Dedicated
Physical
Channels
DPDCH
DPCCH
Lun vn thc s
Node B
Node B
RNC
Node B
Node B
RNC
Iub
Iur
RNS
RNS

Hnh 2-5 Cu trc UTRAN
UTRAN bao gm mt hay nhiu phn h mng v tuyn RNS (Radio Network
Subsystem). Mt RNS l mt mng con trong UTRAN v gm mt b iu khin
mng v tuyn RNC v mt hay nhiu nt B. Cc RNC c th c kt ni vi
nhau bng giao din Iur. y l mt im khc bit so vi mng GSM khi m cc
b iu khin trm gc BSC tng ng ca GSM khng c kt ni trc tip vi
nhau. Cc RNC v cc nt B c kt ni vi nhau bng giao din Iub.
Khi thit k cu trc UTRAN, cc chc nng v cc giao thc ca n phi m
bo cc c tnh chnh ca n, l:
- H tr truy nhp mng v tuyn v tt c cc chc nng lin quan. c bit
cc nh hng chnh ln vic thit k l yu cu h tr chuyn giao mm v
cc thut ton qun l ti nguyn c th WCDMA.
- m bo tnh chung nht cho vic x l s liu chuyn mch knh v chuyn
mch gi bng mt ngn xp giao thc giao din v tuyn duy nht v bng
cch s dng cng mt giao din kt ni t UTRAN n c hai vng PS
v CS ca mng li.
- m bo tnh chung nht vi GSM khi cn thit
- S dng truyn ti ATM l c ch truyn ti chnh UTRAN
Lun vn thc s
2.3.1.1 B iu khin mng v tuyn RNC
RNC l phn t chu trch nhim iu khin cc ti nguyn v tuyn ca
UTRAN. N giao tip vi mng li CN v kt cui giao thc iu khin ti nguyn
v tuyn (RRC: Radio Resource Control), giao thc ny nh ngha cc bn tin v
cc th tc gia MS v UTRAN. RNC iu khin nt B (kt cui giao din Iub v
pha nt B) c biu th nh l RNC iu khin (CRNC: Controling RNC) ca nt
B. RNC iu khin chu trch nhim iu khin ti v tc nghn cho cc ca
mnh.
Khi mt kt ni MS-UTRAN s dng nhiu ti nguyn t nhiu RNC (hnh 2-
6). Cc RNC tham d vo kt ni ny s c hai vai tr logic ring bit:
RNC phc v (Serving RNC):
- RNC i vi mt MS l RNC kt cui c ng ni Iu truyn s liu ca
ngi s dng v c bo hiu RANAP (Radio Access Network Application
Part: phn ng dng mng truy nhp v tuyn) tng ng t ti mng li
(kt cui ny c gi l kt ni RANAP).
- SRNC cng kt cui bo hiu iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn: Giao thc bo
hiu gia UE vi UTRAN x l s liu L2 ti t giao din v tuyn. Cc
thao tc qun l ti nguyn v tuyn nh sp xp cc thng s vt mang truy
nhp v tuyn vo cc thng s knh truyn ti giao din v tuyn. SRNC
cng l CRNC ca mt nt B no c MS s dng kt ni vi
UTRAN.
RNC tri (DRNC: Drif RNC):
- DRNC l mt RNC bt k khc vi SRNC iu khin cc c MS s
dng. Khi cn DRNC c th thc hin kt hp v phn chia phn tp v m
(chuyn giao).
- DRNC khng thc hin x l L2 i vi s liu ti/t giao din v tuyn m
ch nh tuyn s liu trong sut gia cc giao din Iub v Iur. Mt UE c
th khng c hoc c mt hay nhiu DRNC.
Lun vn thc s
Node B
Node B
SRNC
Node B
Node B
DRNC
Node B
Node B
SRNC
Node B
Node B
DRNC
UE
UE
Iu
Iu
Iu
Iu
Iur
Iur

Hnh 2-6 Chc nng logic ca RNC i vi mt kt ni UTRAN ca UE
Ch rng mt RNC vt l cha tt c cc chc nng ca CRNC, SRNC v
DRNC. Trn hnh v cho thy mt UE ang chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC v
mt UE ch s dng ti nguyn v tuyn t mt nt B c iu khin bi DRNC
nay tr thnh SRNC.
2.3.1.2 Node B (trm gc UMTS)
Cc chc nng chnh ca nt B l thc hin x l L1 ca giao din v tuyn
(m ho knh, an xen, thch ng tc , tri ph).
Nt B cng thc hin mt vic phn khai thc qun l ti nguyn v tuyn nh
iu khin cng sut vng trong. V phn chc nng n cng ging nh trm gc
GSM. Lc u, nt B c s dng nh l mt thut ng tm thi trong qu trnh
chun ha nhng sau n khng b thay i.
2.3.2 M hnh giao thc tng qut i vi cc giao din mt t ca UTRAN
Cu trc giao thc ca cc giao din mt t ca UTRAN c thit k theo
cng m hnh giao thc tng qut. Cu trc ny c xy dng trn nguyn tc l
cc lp v cc mt cao c lp logic vi nhau v khi cn c th thay i mt phn
cu trc ca giao thc trong khi vn gi nguyn cc phn khc.
Lun vn thc s

Hnh 2-7 M hnh giao thc tng qut cho cc giao din mt t UTRAN
Trong , ALCAP (Access Link Control Protocol) l giao thc iu khin kt
ni truy nhp.
2.3.2.1 Cc lp ngang
Cu trc giao thc gm hai lp chnh: lp mng v tuyn v lp truyn ti. Mi
vn lin quan n UTRAN ch c th nhn thy lp mng v tuyn. Lp mng
v tuyn trnh by thng tin ng dng cn truyn, s liu ca ngi s dng hoc
thng tin iu khin. Lp mng truyn ti trnh by cng ngh truyn ti s dng
cc giao din. y, lp mng truyn ti c thc hin trn c s cng ngh
truyn ti ATM. Trong trng hp lp mng truyn ti khc c s dng, lp
mng truyn ti phi khc, tuy nhin lp mng v tuyn khng thay i.
2.3.2.2 Cc mt ng
Mt iu khin
Mt iu khin c s dng cho mi bo hiu c th UMTS. N bao gm
giao thc ng dng (Application Protocol), chng hn RANAP (Radio Access
Application Part: phn ng dng mng truy nhp) Iu, RNSAP (Radio Network
Application
Protocol
Data
Stream(s)
ALCAP(s)
Transport
Network
Layer
Physical Layer
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Control Plane User Plane
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
Radio
Network
Layer
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Data
Bearer(s)
Lun vn thc s
Subsystem Application Part: phn ng dng phn h mng v tuyn) Iur v
NBAP (Node B Appilcation Part: phn ng dng nt B) Iub v vt mang bo hiu
truyn ti cc bn tin ca giao thc ng dng.
Mt bo hiu chu trch nhim thit lp cc vt mang truyn ti s liu ca
ngi s dng, nhng bn thn s liu ca ngi s dng khng c mang mt
iu khin. Cc vt mang s liu ca ngi s dng do giao thc ng dng thit lp
l cc vt mang chung v c lp vi cng ngh truyn ti ang c s dng.
Mt ngi s dng
Mt ngi s dng l mt truyn mi thng tin c ngi s dng pht v thu
nh: ting c m ho cuc gi hay gi cc kt ni Internet. Mt ngi s
dng gm cc lung s liu v cc vt mang s liu cho cc lung ny. Mi lung
s liu c c trng bi mt hay nhiu giao thc khung c nh ngha cho giao
din ny.
Mt iu khin mng truyn ti
Mt iu khin truyn ti cha chc nng mt c th cho cng ngh truyn ti
ang c s dng v lp mng v tuyn khng th nhn thy n. Nu ngi s
dng s dng cc vt mang c lp cu hnh trc theo tiu chun, th khng cn
thit c mt iu khin mng truyn ti. Mt iu khin mng truyn ti c s
dng cho tt c cc bo hiu trong lp truyn ti. N khng cha bt k thng tin
no ca lp mng v tuyn. N gm giao thc ALCAP thit lp cc vt mang
truyn ti cho mt ngi s dng. N cng cha vt mang bo hiu cn cho
ALCAP. Vic s dng ALCAP ph thuc vo cng ngh truyn ti mt ngi s
dng.
Mt iu khin mng truyn ti l mt mt hot ng gia mt iu khin v
mt ngi s dng. Vic a ra mt iu khin mng truyn ti lm cho giao thc
ng dng trong mt iu khin mng v tuyn hon ton c lp vi cng ngh
c chn la cho vt mang s liu mt ngi s dng.
Lun vn thc s
Tnh c lp ca mt iu khin v mt ngi s dng da trn gi thit rng
xy ra mt giao dch ALCAP. Cn lu rng c th khng s dng ALCAP cho tt
c cc kiu vt mang s liu. Nu khng c giao dch ALCAP th hon ton khng
cn thit mt iu khin mng truyn ti. y l trng hp xy ra khi cc vt mang
s liu c lp li cu hnh. Cng cn lu rng giao thc ALCAP mt iu
khin mng truyn ti khng c s dng thit lp vt mang bo hiu cho giao
thc ng dng hay ALCAP khi ang khai thc thi gian thc.
Vt mang bo hiu cho ALCAP c th cng kiu hoc khng cng kiu nh vt
mang bo hiu cho giao thc ng dng. Cc quy nh UMTS cho rng vt mang
bo hiu cho ALCAP lun c thit lp bi khai thc v bo dng v khng quy
nh chi tit iu ny.
Mt ngi s dng mng truyn ti
Cc vt mang s liu mt ngi s dng v cc vt mang bo hiu cho giao
thc ng dng u thuc mt ngi s dng truyn ti. Nh ni trn cc vt
mang s liu mt ngi s dng c iu khin trc tip bi mt iu khin
mng truyn ti khi khai thc thi gian thc, tuy nhin cc hnh ng iu khin
thit lp cc vt mang bo hiu cho giao thc ng dng c coi l cc hnh ng
khai thc v bo dng.
2.4 Cc giao din trong UTRAN
2.4.1 Giao din RNC-RNC v bo hiu RNSNAP
Ngn xp giao thc RNC vi RNC (Iur) c th hin nh trn hnh 2-8
Lun vn thc s

RNSAP
DCH
FP
Transport
Network
Layer
Physical Layer
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
Radio
Network
Layer
ATM
AAL5
MTP3b
SCCP
AAL2
M3UA
SSCF-NNI STCP
SSCOP IP
AAL5
MTP3b
SCCP
M3UA
SSCF-NNI STCP
SSCOP IP
Q.2630.1
CCH
FP

Hnh 2-8 Ngn xp giao thc cho giao din Iur
Trong :
- DCH (Dedicate Channel): Knh ring
- CCH (Common Channel): Knh chung
- FP (Frame Protocol): Giao thc khung
Cng nh i vi giao din Iu, hai la chn c th c i vi truyn ti bo
hiu RSNAP l: ngn xp SS7 (SCCP v MTP3b) v truyn ti mi da trn
SCTP/IP. Hai giao thc mt ngi s dng c nh ngha DCH v CCH.
Mc d lc u giao thc ny c thit k h tr chuyn giao mm gia
cc RNC, trong qu trnh pht trin tiu chun nhiu tnh nng c b xung v n
nay giao din Iur m bo bn chc nng sau:
- H tr tnh di ng c s gia cc RNC
- H tr knh lu lng ring
- H tr knh lu lng chung
Lun vn thc s
- H tr qun l ti nguyn ton cu
Chnh v l do ny m cc giao thc bo hiu Iur (RNSAP= Radio Network
Subsystem Application Part: Phn ng dng phn h mng v tuyn) c chia thnh
bn modul (nh l cc nhm th tc). Ni chung, c th thc hin ch mt phn hoc
tt c bn chc nng Iur gia hai b iu khin mng v tuyn tu theo yu cu ca
nh khai thc.
2.4.2 Giao din RNC-nt B v bo hiu NBAP
Ngn xp giao thc ca giao din RNC-nt B (giao din Iub) c th hin nh
trn hnh 2-9
RNSAP
DC
H
FP
Transport
Network
Layer
Physical Layer
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
Radio
Network
Layer
ATM
AAL5 AAL2
SSCF-NNI
SSCOP
AAL5
Q2250.2
SSCF-NNI
SSCOP
Q.2630.1
RA
CH
FP
FAC
H
FP
PCH
FP
DSC
H
FP
USC
H
FP

Hnh 2-9 Ngn xp giao thc ca giao din Iub
Giao thc ny ging nh Iur, im khc nhau c bn l cc mt mng v
tuyn v mt iu khin mng truyn ti ngn xp SS7 c thay bng SAAL-UNI
(Signalling ATM Adaptation Layer UNI: Lp thch ng ATM bo hiu giao din
ngi s dng mng) n gin hn lm vt mang bo hiu.
Lun vn thc s
hiu c cu trc ca giao din ny m hnh lgic ca nt B c trnh by
nh hnh v di y:

Hnh 2-10 Knh logic ca nt B cho FDD
M hnh ny bao gm mt cng iu khin chung (on ni bo hiu chung) v
mt tp cc im kt cui lu lng , mi im c iu khin bi mt cng ring
(cc on ni bo hiu ring). Mi im kt cui lu lng iu khin mt s MS
c ti nguyn ring nt B v lu lng tng ng c truyn qua cc cng s
liu ring. Cc cng s liu chung bn ngoi cc im kt cui c s dng
truyn lu lng RACH, FACH v PCH.
Lu rng khng tn ti tng quan gia im kt cui lu lng v cc
ngha l mt im kt cui lu lng c th iu khin nhiu v mt c th b
iu khin bi nhiu im kt cui lu lng.
Bo hiu giao din Iub (NBAP=Node B Appliaction Part: Phn ng dng nt
B) c chia thnh hai phn t chnh: NBAP chung (C-NBAP) s dng cho cc
on ni bo hiu chung v NBAP ring (D-NBAP) s dng cho cc on ni bo
hiu ring.
Cc giao thc khung Iub mt phng ngi s dng nh ngha cc cu trc
khung v cc th tc iu khin c s trong bng cho tng kiu knh truyn ti (cho
tng kiu cng s liu ca m hnh). Bo hiu Q.2630.1 c s dng qun l
ng cc kt ni AAL2 s dng trong mt ngi s dng.
Lun vn thc s
2.4.3 Giao din v tuyn (Uu)

L3

control
control control
Logical
Channels
Transport
Channels
C-plane signalling
U-plane information
PHY
L2/MAC
L1
RLC
DC
Nt
GC
L2/RLC
MAC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
Duplication avoidance
BMC
L2/ BMC
RRC
control
PDCP
PDCP L2/PDCP
DC
Nt
GC
L3/RRC

Hnh 2-11 Cu trc phn lp ca giao din v tuyn
Giao din v tuyn c phn thnh 3 lp giao thc:
- Lp vt l L1
- Lp on ni s liu L2
- Lp mng L3
Lp vt l l lp thp nht giao din v tuyn. Lp vt l c s dng
truyn dn giao din v tuyn. Mi knh vt l lp ny c xc nh bng mt
t hp tn s, m ngu nhin ho (m nh knh) v pha (ch cho ng ln). Cc
knh c s dng vt l truyn thng tin qua cc lp cao trn giao din v
tuyn, tuy nhin cng c mt s knh vt l ch c dnh cho hot ng ca lp
vt l.
Lun vn thc s
Lp 2 c chia thnh cc lp con: MAC (Medium Access Control: iu khin
truy nhp mi trng) v RLC (Radio link Control: iu khin on ni), PDCP
(Packet Data Convergence Protocol: Giao thc hi t s liu gi) v BMC
(Broadcast / Mutilcast Control: iu khin qung b / a phng).
Lp 3 v RLC c chia thnh hai mt phng l mt phng iu khin C v mt
phng ngi s dng U, PDCP v BMC ch c mt phng U.
Trong mt phng C, lp 3 c chia thnh cc lp con l TBD nm tng truy
nhp nhng kt cui mng li CN v lp iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn (RRC-
Radio Resource Control). Bo hiu cc lp cao hn (MM-Mobility Management
v CM-Connection Management) c coi l tng khng truy nhp.
truyn thng tin giao din v tuyn, cc lp cao phi chuyn cc thng tin
ny qua lp MAC n lp vt l bng cch s dng cc knh logic. Lp MAC sp
xp cc knh ny ln cc knh truyn ti trc khi a n lp vt l, khi cc
knh ny tip tc c sp xp ln cc knh vt l.
Ngay trn lp MAC l lp iu khin on ni v tuyn RLC. Mi khi mt lp
cao yu cu mt vt mang v tuyn, RLC c thit lp. RLC m bo cc chc
nng sau:
- Phn on v lp rp li cc PDU (n v s liu nguyn thu) vo, ra PU
(n v ti tin).
- Mc ni cc PDU
- m cho PDU lp kn PU
- Truyn ti s liu ca ngi s dng ch c hoc khng cng nhn
- Qun l cht lng dch v QoS
- Hiu chnh li bng cch pht li ch c cng nhn
- Kim tra s trnh t
- iu khin dng iu khin tc pht thng tin ca RLC
- Pht hin lp
- Mt m ha
Lun vn thc s
Mt trong cc giao thc nm trn RLC l giao thc hi t s liu gi PDCP.
Nhim v chnh ca PDCP l cho php cc lp di (RLC, MAC v lp vt l )
c s dng chung khng ph thuc vo kiu cu trc s liu ca ngi s dng.
Chng hn truyn s liu gi t mt UE c th s dng IPv4 hoc IPv6. Nh vy
khi a ra mt giao thc lp trn ta khng cn thay i giao din v tuyn.
iu khin qung b a phng BMC c chc nng iu khin pht qung b
cc bn tin trn ton b ging nh chc nng tng ng c nh ngha GSM.
Cc bn tin qung b c th l: thng bo v giao thng hoc thi tit hoc vng
a l hin thi ca UE.
iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn RRC l mt trong s cc phn t quan trng
nht. C th coi RRC l nh qun l chung ca giao din v tuyn chu trch nhim
qun l ti nguyn v tuyn nh xc nh ti nguyn v tuyn no s c n nh
cho mt UE. c th phn tch cc yu cu t ngi s dng v t mng cng
nh n nh cc ti nguyn tng ng, tt c cc bo hiu iu khin n v t cc
UE u phi i qua RRC. Ngoi ra gia RRC v cc lp khc cng c giao din
iu khin. Cc bn tin RRC mang tt c cc thng s cn thit thit lp, thay i
v gii phng cc thc th ca giao thc lp 2 v lp 1. Cc bn tin RRC mang
phn ti tin ca mnh tt c cc bo hiu lp cao (MM, CM, SM) v tnh di ng
ca thit b ngi s dng ch kt ni c iu khin bi bo hiu RRC (o,
chuyn giao, cp nht ).
RRC thc hin hoc iu khin cc chc nng sau:
- Pht qung b thng tin h thng
- Thit lp cc kt ni bo hiu ban u gia UE v mng: Khi ngi s dng
v mng mun lin lc, trc ht kt ni RRC c thit lp. Kt ni RRC
ny s c s dng truyn bo hiu gia UE v mng cho mc ch cp
pht v qun l ti nguyn v tuyn.
- Cp pht cc vt mang v tuyn cho mt UE: Mt UE c th c cp pht
nhiu vt mang v tuyn truyn s liu ca ngi s dng.
Lun vn thc s
- Bo co kt qu o: RRC quyt nh cn o g, khi no nn o v cch bo
co kt qu o.
- Qun l di ng. Quyt nh khi no cn chuyn giao. RRC cng thc hin
vic la chn li v vng nh v hay cp nht nh tuyn.
- iu khin cht lng dch v QoS. V RRC iu khin vic cp pht ti
nguyn v tuyn nn n nh hng trc tip n QoS. RRC n nh ti
nguyn v tuyn tun theo QoS cn cung cp cho ngi s dng.
2.5 Giao din UTRAN-CN, Iu
Giao din kt ni UTRAN vi CN, Iu l mt giao din m chia h thng
thnh UTRAN c th v CN, CN x l chuyn mch, nh tuyn v iu khin
dch v. C hai loi Iu l Iu CS (Iu Circuit Switch: Iu chuyn mch knh) kt
ni UTRAN vi chuyn mch knh v Iu PS (Iu Packet Switch: Iu chuyn mch
gi) kt ni UTRAN vi chuyn mch gi. V th mt iu khin mng truyn
ti khc nhau. Mt iu khin phi ging nhau cho c Iu CS v Iu PS vi vi im
khc nhau khng ng k.
2.5.1 Cu trc cho giao thc Iu CS
C ba mt giao din ca Iu s dng chung truyn ti ATM (Asynchronous
Transport Mode: ch truyn ti d b). Lp vt l l giao din vi mi trng vt
l, si quang, on ni v tuyn hay cp ng. C th la chn cc k thut truyn
dn khc nhau nh: SONET, STM-1, hay E1 thc hin lp vt l.
Lun vn thc s
RNSAP
Transport
Network
Layer
Physical Layer
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
Radio
Network
Layer
ATM
AAL5 AAL2
SSCF-NNI
SSCOP
AAL5
MTP3b
SSCF-NNI
SSCOP
Q.2630.1
Iu
SCCP
MTP3b
Q2150.1

Hnh 2-12 Cu trc giao thc Iu CS
Cc k hiu:
- RANAP (Radio Acess Network Application Part): Phn ng dng mng truy
nhp v tuyn.
- SCCP (Signalling Connection Control Part): Phn iu khin ni thng bo
hiu.
- MTP3-b (Message Tranfer Part Level 3): Mc 3 ca phn chuyn giao tin
bo.
- SSCF-NNI (Service Specific Co-ordination Function Network Node
Interface): Chc nng iu phi c th dch v giao din nt mng.
- SSCOP (Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol): Giao thc nh
hng theo ni thng c th dch v.
- AAL (ATM Adaptation Layer): Lp thch ng ATM
Lun vn thc s
2.5.2 Cu trc giao thc cho Iu PS
Trong cu trc giao thc Iu PS, truyn ti ATM c p dng cho c mt iu
khin v mt ngi s dng. Ngoi ra lp vt l c nh ngha nh i vi Iu CS.
RNSAP
Transport
Network
Layer
Physical Layer
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
Radio
Network
Layer
ATM
AAL5
MTP3b
SCCP
AAL2
M3UA
SSCF-NNI STCP
SSCOP IP
Physical Layer
ATM
IP
UDP
GTP-U
Iu

Hnh 2-13 Cu trc giao thc Iu PS
Cc k hiu:
- M3UA (MTP3-User Adaptation Layer): Lp thch ng ngi s dng-MTP3
- SCTP (Simple Control Transmission Protocol): Giao thc truyn dn iu
khin n gin.
- IP (Internet Protocol): Giao thc Internet
- GTP-U (User Plane Part of the GPRS Tunelling Protocol): Phn mt ngi
s dng ca giao thc Tunel GPRS.
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Giao thc datagram ngi s dng
Lun vn thc s
2.5.3 Giao thc RANAP
RANAP l giao thc bo hiu Iu chc tt c thng tin c nh ngha cho
lp mng v tuyn. Chc nng ca RANAP c thc hin bi cc th tc c bn
RANAP EP (RANAP Elementary Procedure). Cc chc nng RANAP sau y
c nh ngha:
- n nh li: chc nng ny x l c vic n nh li SRNS v chuyn giao
bao gm c trng hp cc h thng ti/t GSM:
+ n nh li SRNS: chc nng ca RNS phc v c n nh li t
mt RNS sang mt RNS khc m khng thay i ti nguyn v tuyn
v gin on lung s liu ca ngi s dng. iu kin tin quyt
cho vic n nh li SRNS l mi on ni v tuyn c chnh
DRNC l ch ca vic n nh li.
+ Chuyn giao cng gia cc RNS: c s dng n nh li chc
nng SRNS t mt RNS n mt RNS khc thay i ti nguyn v
tuyn bng chuyn giao cng giao din Uu. iu kin tin quyt
cho chuyn giao cng l UE bin gii gia cc ngun v ch.
- Qun tr vt mang truy nhp v tuyn (RAB: Radio Access Bearer): chc
nng ny kt hp tt c cc x l RAB:
+ Thit lp RAB, gm c kh nng xp hng i thit lp
+ Thay i c tnh ca RAB hin c
+ Xo RAB hin c k c trng hp khi xng bi RAN
- Gii phng Iu: gii phng tt c cc ti nguyn (on ni bo hiu v mt-U)
ra khi mt trng hp cho trc ca Iu lin quan n UE c th bao gm
c trng hp khi xng bi RAN.
- Bo co pht khng thnh cng s liu: chc nng ny cho php CN cp nht
cc bn ghi tnh cc ca mnh bng cc thng tin t UTRAN nu phn s
liu pht i khng t ti UE.
Lun vn thc s
- Qun l ID (nhn dng) chung: chc nng ny nhn dng c nh ca UE
c pht t CN n UTRAN cho php kt hp tm gi t hai vng CN
khc nhau.
- Tm gi: Chc nng ny c CN s dng tm gi mt UE ri cho yu
cu dch v kt ni cuc gi UE. Bn tin tm gi c pht t CN n
UTRAN vi nhn dng chung UE (ID c nh) v vng tm gi. UTRAN s
hoc s dng mt kt ni bo hiu hin c (nu c) hoc pht i bn tin tm
gi n UE hoc pht qung b bn tin tm gi n vng tm gi.
- Qun l theo di: CN c th (cho mc ch khai thc v bo dng) yu cu
UTRAN khi u ghi li tt c cc hot ng lin quan n mt kt ni UE-
UTRAN c th.
- Truyn bo hiu UE-CN: chc nng ny m bo truyn trong sut cc bn
tin bo hiu UE-CN khng cn din gii UTRAN trong ba trng hp:
+ Truyn bn tin UE u tin t UTRAN n UE: y c th hoc l
mt tr li tm gi, mt yu cu cuc gi khi xng UE hay ch l
ng k n mt vng mi. N cng khi u kt ni bo hiu cho Iu.
+ Truyn trc tip s dng mang tt c cc bn tin bo hiu lin tip
trn kt ni bo hiu Iu hai ng ln v xung.
+ Pht qung b thng tin CN: cho php CN thit lp thng tin h thng
cn pht qung b n tt c nhng ngi s dng trong mt vng c
th.
- iu khin ch an ton: iu ny c s dng thit lp vic tt bt
mt m ho v kim tra tnh ton vn. Khi bt mt m, cc kt ni s liu ca
bo hiu v ngi s dng giao din v tuyn c mt m ho bng mt
thut ton kho b mt. Khi kim tra tnh ton vn c bt, kim tra tng
c m bo bng mt kha b mt c b xung n tt c cc bn tin
giao din v tuyn. iu ny m bo khng thay i i tc thng tin v ni
dung thng tin khng b thay i.
Lun vn thc s
- Qun l qu ti: qu trnh ny c s dng iu khin ti giao din Iu
phng nga qu ti, chng hn do qu ti b x l CN hoc UTRAN. Mt
c ch n gin c s dng tng bc gim ti hoc khi phc li bng
cch khi ng b nh thi.
- Khi ng li: thao tc ny c s dng khi ng li CN hay pha
UTRAN ca giao din Iu trong cc tnh trng sai li. Mt u ca Iu c th
ch cho u kia l n ang phc hi li bng mt khi u li v u kia c
th loi b tt c cc kt ni trc .
- Bo co v tr: chc nng ny cho php CN nhn c thng tin v v tr ca
mt UE cho trc. N bao gm hai th tc c bn: mt iu khin bo
co v tr RNC v mt pht bo co ny n CN.
2.5.4 Giao thc mt ngi s dng Iu
Giao thc mt ngi s dng nm lp mng v tuyn ca mt ngi s dng
Iu. N c nh ngha sao cho c lp ti a vi vng CN m n c s dng.
Mc ch ca giao thc mt ngi s dng l mang thng tin ca ngi s dng
lin quan n cc RAB giao din Iu. Mi RAB c trng hp giao thc ring ca
mnh. Giao thc ny hoc thc hin khai thc hon ton trong sut hoc nh khung
cho cc on s liu ca ngi s dng v mt s bo hiu cn c s dng cho
khi u v iu hnh trc tip. Tu theo cc trng hp nu trn giao thc c hai
ch :
- Ch trong sut: ch khai thc ny giao thc khng thc hin nh
khung cng nh iu khin. N c s dng cho cc RAB khng cn cc
tnh nng ni trn nhng c coi l khai thc hon ton trong sut.
- H tr ch cho cc kch thc c quy nh trc: ch ny mt
ngi s dng thc hin nh khung s liu ca ngi s dng thnh cc
on c kch thc nh trc. Thng thng kch thc SDU (Service Data
Unit: n v s liu dch v) tng ng vi cc khung ting ARM (Adaptive
Multirate Codec: Codec a tc thch ng) hay cc kch thc khung c
Lun vn thc s
rt ra t tc ca cuc gi s liu CS. Ngoi ra cc th tc iu khin cho
khi u cc iu khin tc cng c nh ngha, mt chc nng c
quy nh ch th cht lng khung trn c s CRC t giao din v tuyn.
2.5.5 Thit lp mt cuc gi WCDMA/UMTS
Th tc thit lp mt cuc gi c s WCDMA/UMTS c cho hnh 2-
14. Qu trnh ny bt u bng yu cu truy nhp t UE. Yu cu truy nhp ny
hoc c pht trn knh truyn ti RACH hoc knh truyn ti CPCH. Bn tin
c pht l mt yu cu thit lp mt kt ni RRC trc khi thc hin cc giao
dch bo hiu hay thit lp vt mang. Yu cu kt ni RRC bao gm c l do yu
cu kt ni.
Lun vn thc s

RNC MSC/VLR
DCCH: Security mode Conmand
(Lnh ch bo mt)
DCCH: Security mode Complete
(Hon thnh ch bo mt)
DCCH: Director Transfer (Setup)
(Truyn trc tip (Thit lp))
RANAP: Security mode Command
(Lnh ch nhn thc)
RANAP: Security Mode Complete
(Hon thnh ch bo mt)
RANAP: director Transfer (Set up)
(Truyn trc tip (Thit lp))
RANAP: Director Transfer (Call
Processing) (Truyn trc tip (tip
tc cuc gi))
RANAP: RAB Assignment
Request (Yu cu n nh RAB)
DCCH: Director Transfer (Call
Processing) (Truyn trc tip (Tip tc
cuc gi))
DCCH: Radio Bearer Setup or
Recongiguaration (Thit lp vt mang
hay lp li cu hnh vt mang v tuyn)
DCCH: Radio Bearer Setup or
Recongiguaration complete
(Thit lp vt mang v tuyn hon thnh
hay lp li cu hnh hon thnh)
RANAP: RAB Assignment
Complete
(Hon thnh n nh RAB)
DCCH: Innitial Direct Transfer
(Authentication Response)
(Truyn trc tip (Tr li nhn thc))
RANAP: Direct Transfer (Truyn
trc tip (Tr li nhn thc))
UE
CCCH: RRC Connection Request
(Yu cu kt ni)
CCCH: RRC Connection Setup
(Thit lp kt ni RRC)
DCCH: RRC Connection Conplete
(Kt ni RRC hon thnh)
(Truyn trc tip khi u)
(Authentication Request)
(Truyn trc tip (Yu cu nhn thc))
RANAP: Innitial UE message
(CM Service Request) (Bn tin
UE khi u (Yu cu dch v
CM))
RANAP: Direct Transfer (Truyn
trc tip (Yu cu nhn thc))

Hnh 2-14 Th tc thit lp cuc gi WCDMA
RNC tr li bng mt bn tin thit lp kt ni. Bn tin ny c pht knh
logic CCCH (thng c truyn trn knh truyn ti FACH). Nu mt knh truyn
Lun vn thc s
ti DCH c cp pht, th bn tin thit lp kt ni RRC s ch ra mt m ngu
nhin UE s dng ng ln. UE t xc nh m nh knh v m ny c
th hin ng ln. Mt DPCCH lin kt vi mt DPDCH. DPDCH cha TFCI,
TFCI cha thng tin v h s tri ph SF v cho php UTRAN xc nh m nh
knh cho DPDCH. Nu RNC khng n nh mt knh DCH th bo hiu tip tc
c pht trn FACH ng xung v RACH hay CPCH ng ln.
UE tr li RNC bng bn tin thit lp kt ni RRC hon thnh. Bn tin ny
c mang trn knh logic DCCH ng ln. Sau UE pht mt bn tin cho
mng li. Bn tin ny c pht bn tin truyn trc tip khi u, v khi ny cha
c thit lp quan h bo hiu trc tip gia UE v mng li. Ti trng ca bn tin
ny c chuyn trc tip gia UE v mng li. Bn tin ny ch th cho RNC v
mng li l cn thit lp mt quan h bo hiu mi gia UE v mng li.
RNC t bn tin truyn trc tip khi u ln vo bn tin UE khi u ca
RANAP v gi bn tin ny n mng li. Trong trng hp ny bn tin c gi
n MSC. Vic chn MSC hay SGSN ph thuc vo thng tin u ca bn tin
truyn khi u pht i t UE. Ti trng ca bn tin truyn trc tip khi u c
t vo ti trng ca bn tin n MSC: UE khi u ca RANAP.
Tip theo MSC s khi u cc th tc bo mt. Th tc ny bt u bng nhn
thc trn nguyn tc hiu lnhtr li. y, UE v mng nhn thc ln nhau.
Ngha l mng khng ch pht s ngu nhin n UE nhn c tr li ng m
cn pht c th nhn dng AUTN (Authentication Token) c tnh ton c lp
mng trong HLR so snh vi AUTN c tnh ton c lp UE trong USIM.
AUTN ny phi trng vi AUTN mng, UE pht yu cu nhn thc bng cch
pht bn tin truyn trc tip ca RANAP v giao thc RRC.
Nu nhn thc thnh cng, UE pht tr li bng mt bn tin tr li nhn thc
MSC kim tra. Bn tin ny c mng bng cch s dng cc kh nng truyn trc
tip ca RANAP v RRC.
Lun vn thc s
Sau mng li khi u cc th tc mt m v kim tra trung thc. Qu trnh
ny c thc hin ging nh GSM ngoi tr mt kh nng b xung l: m bo
tnh trung thc. Kh nng ny cho php mng hoc UE kim tra xem cc bn tin
bo hiu t thc th kia c b k khc thay i hay khng. Qu trnh mt m v
kim tra tnh trung thc u do mng li khi xng, nhng c thc hin gia
UE v UTRAN. V th MSC gi bn tin lnh ch bo an RANAP n. n lt
mnh, RNC gi bn tin lnh ch bo an RRC n UE. UE tr li RNC bng bn
tin RRC: ch mt m hon thnh v RNC tr li MSC bng bn tin RANAP:
ch bo an hon thnh.
Ti thi im ny, thng tin thit lp cuc gi tht s nh: s thoi b gi c
gi bn tin thit lp t UE n MSC bng cch s dng bo hiu truyn trc tip.
Nu c th x l c cuc gi ny, MSC s tr li bng bn tin ang tin hnh gi
ging nh GSM. Sau thit lp vt mang truy nhp v tuyn RAB truyn ti
lung ting tht s ca ngi s dng.
RAB l mt vt mang gia UE v mng li truyn ti s liu ca ngi s
dng: ting hoc s liu gi. RAB c t trn mt hay nhiu vt mang v tuyn
giao din v tuyn. Mi RAB c s nhn dng ring ca mnh s dng trong qu
trnh bo hiu gia UE v mng. Mng li pht yu cu thit lp RAB thng qua
bn tin yu cu n nh RAB ca RANAP.
Trn c s thng tin yu cu n nh RAB, RNC c th thit lp mt vt
mang v tuyn mi cho UE hoc c th lp li cu hnh cho vt mang hin UE ang
tch cc. RNC s dng hoc bn tin RRC thit lp vt mang v tuyn hoc lp li
cu hnh vt mang v tuyn hng dn UE s dng cc vt mang mi hoc lp
li cu hnh. UE tr li hoc bng bn tin thit lp vt mang v tuyn hon thnh
hoc bn tin lp li cu hnh vt mang v tuyn hon thnh. n lt mnh, RNC
tr li MSC bng bn tin RANAP: n nh RAB hon thnh. Khi ny c mt
ng dn vt mang t UE n MSC. Lu rng vic thit lp ng dn vt mang
cng i hi thit lp phng tin mt t gia nt B, RNC v gia RNC, MSC.
Lun vn thc s
Cn ch rng vt mang truyn ti (s dng AAL2) c thit lp thng qua mt
iu khin ngi s dng truyn ti v ALCAP.
Phn cn li ca qu trnh thit lp cuc gi hon ton ging nh thit lp cuc
gi GSM. Phn cn li ny bao gm: cc bn tin bo chung, kt ni v cng
nhn kt ni c truyn bo hiu truyn trc tip.
2.5.6 Cc phin s liu gi WCDMA
T quan im mng, cc dch v gi ch yu s dng c ch ging nh c ch
c s dng truyn s liu cho s liu GPRS, im khc nhau ln nht y l
c th h tr cc tc khc nhau ca ngi s dng. Mt im khc nhau d nhn
thy l giao din Gb ca GPRS (gia SGSN v BSC) c thay th bng giao din
Iu PS s dng giao thc RANAP. Thay i ny c ngha l IP trn nn ATM c
s dng gia SGSN v RNC. Nh vy, mng IP c thit lp t SGSN n BSC
v n RNC. V th, c th chuyn tip knh GTP-U t GGSN n SGSN n RNC
ch khng kt cui SGSN. Tuy nhin knh GTP-C kt cui SGSN v giao thc
ng dng gia SGSN v RNC l RANAP ch khng phi GTP v thit lp knh
ny vn di s iu hnh ca SGSN. Hnh 2-15 cho thy mt iu khin cc dch
v s liu gi WCDMA.
SM
GMM
RRC
RLC
MAC-cd
PHY-up
FP FP
PHY-up
MAC-cd
RLC
RRC
NBAP ALCAP ALCAP NBAP
AAL2
SSSAR
AAL2
SSSAR SAAL SAAL SAAL SAAL
AAL5 AAL5 AAL5 AAL5
ATM ATM
PHY PHY
PHY
CDMA
PHY
CDMA
UE/MTE NODE B RNC SGSN
Uu Iub Iu-ps

Hnh 2-15 Cc ngn xp giao thc mt iu khin WCDMA GPRS
Thit lp cc dch v gi WCDMA rt ging nh GPRS: thng qua tch cc
mt PDP Context vi mt tn im truy nhp APN, tiu chun QoS v.vim
Lun vn thc s
khc bit nht gia WCDMA v GPRS l vic nh v li SRNS. V knh GTP-U
kt cui ti RNC ch khng phi ti SGSN, nn vic nh v li UE n RNC khc
c th phi thc hin np m cc gi RNC u tin v chuyn tip cc gi ny
n RNC th hai khi xy ra nh v li. Chuyn tip c thc hin thng qua
SGSN. Trong trng hp hai RNC c ni n hai SGSN khc nhau, th ng
truyn cc gi t b m i t RNS1 n SGSN1 qua SGSN2 n RNC2.

L1
RLC
PDCP
MAC
E.g., IP,
PPP,
OSP
Application
L1
RLC
PDCP
MAC
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
AAL5
Relay
L1
UDP/IP
L2
GTP-U
E.g., IP,
PPP,
OSP
3G-SGSN UTRAN MS
Iu-PS Uu Gn Gi
3G-GGSN
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
AAL5
L1
UDP/IP
GTP-U
L2
Relay

Hnh 2-16 Ngn xp giao thc mt phng ngi s dng WCDMA GPRS
T quan im giao din v tuyn, WCDMA m bo tnh linh hot hn GPRS
trong cch n nh cc ti nguyn cho lu lng s liu gi. WCDMA khng ch
cung cp nhiu tc s liu hn, m giao din v tuyn WCDMA cn chn cc
kiu knh khc nhau truyn s liu gi, ng ln RACH, CPCH v DCH l
cc knh kh dng. RNC iu hnh vic chn knh v knh c tu chn theo cc
c tnh phin m ngi s dng yu cu, chng hn lu lng kiu cm c th tch
ln hay nh.
i vi dch v khng c dng cm nh lung video hay truyn file ln, DCH
l la chn tt nht v n c kh nng cho thng lng cao nht. Tuy nhin vic
chn knh ny cng c nhc im v cn thi gian thit lp lu. i vi cc lu
lng dng cm nh, RACH hay CPCH c th thch hp hn. Thit lp cc knh
ny nhanh hn nhng khng th cung cp tc s liu cao. RACH thng ch c
Lun vn thc s
mt knh trn mt , cn CPCH c th c nhiu knh trn mt . Ngoi ra CPCH
c th mang nhiu s liu hn RACH.
ng xung, FACH hiu qu cho s liu dng cm nh ca ngi s dng.
Tuy nhin cng nh RACH, FACH rt hn ch. ng xung cn c thm mt
la chn l DSCH, y l knh ghp thi gian ca nhiu ngi s dng. Knh ny
c h tr lu lng cao hn FACH, mc d cha cao bng DCH. Tuy nhin knh
ny ph hp hn nhiu i vi lu lng dng cm so vi DCH.

Lun vn thc s
QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN TRONG WCDMA Chng 3
Cng ging nh qu trnh trin khai mng v tuyn trong cc h thng 2G, vic
trin khai mng v tuyn WCDMA c th c chia lm ba giai on chnh. u
tin, mng cn c tnh ton, quy hoch vi nhng gi thit u bi thit k c
th a ra c cc thng s chnh cn thit cho qu trnh trin khai mng nh quy
m mng, dung lng, vng ph cng nh cc loi dch v m mng s cung cp.
Sau l trin khai mng da trn cc tnh ton v thit k bc u tin, cui
cng l lc bt u qu trnh ti u mng sau khi trin khai nhm m bo mng
s hot ng tt khi chnh thc a vo hot ng.
Trong gii hn ca lun vn, chng ta s ch tp trung nghin cu giai on u
tin ca vic trin khai h thng mng v tuyn WCDMA l tnh ton vng ph
v dung lng ca h thng a ra c mt phng n ti u trong qu trnh
quy hoch mng. Sau khi kt thc giai on ny, ta c th tnh c mt cch tng
i chnh xc mt trm thu pht sng cn thit v cu hnh ca cc trm ti cc
vng quan tm.
Qu trnh tnh ton, quy hoc ny gm c tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn
v tnh ton vng ph, dung lng v cui cng l c lng c s lng cc
trm thu pht sng. S phn b dch v, mt lu lng, kh nng tng lu lng
v cc yu cu v QoS cng rt cn thit v s c ch trong qu trnh quy
hoch.
3.1 Tnh ton vng ph WCDMA
Trong phn ny, chng ta s tp trung nghin cu v qu ng truyn v
tuyn trn c hng ln v hng xung ca WCDMA. Kt qu ca vic tnh ton
ny cho ta bit c tn hao ng truyn ln nht cho php, t s quyt nh
c phm vi hot ng ca mt t bo v tnh c s trm thu pht sng cn
thit. C mt s im khc ca WCDMA trong vic tnh ton qu ng truyn so
vi cc h thng truy nhp v tuyn da trn TDMA/FDMA nh GSM. N bao
Lun vn thc s
gm d tr s thay i nhiu, d tr fadinh nhanh, vic tng cng sut pht trong
iu khin cng sut v h s khuch i chuyn giao mm.
Trong qu trnh tnh ton, ta cn phi s dng mt s gi thit cng nh m
hnh tnh ton c chp nhn rng ri trn th gii. Cc gi thit ny tp trung
vo mt s kch bn tng ng vi tng vng trin khai mng. t c s
chnh xc nht c th, cc gi thit phi c la chn mt cch ht sc cn thn.
Mt gi thit quan trng na khi tnh ton l s ng nht cc thng s trn tt
c cc t bo ca mng. Tuy nhin, trong thc t khi mt mng c trin khai, s
ng nht gia cc l kh c th t c do nhiu thay i i vi mi ngi
dng v mi bi v s khc nhau gia cc nh sn xut thit b ngi dng (UE),
vic iu khin cng sut khng hon ho, cc iu kin knh truyn khc nhau, cc
cu hnh thng s v tuyn (RF) khc nhau v cc tc bit ca tng loi dch v
khc nhau.
3.1.1 Tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn
Vic tnh ton qu ng truyn c th c nh ngha mt cch n gin l
vic tnh ton tt c cc tn hao cng nh tng ch ca tt c cc phn t trong lin
kt truyn tin. N s tnh ton vng ph v dung lng h thng bng cch xem xt
v phn tch tt c cc loi nhn t nh hng trong ng truyn ca c tn hiu
hng ln v hng xung, sau s thu c tn hao ng truyn ln nht cho
php ca lin kt i vi mt s lng cuc gi cho php no .
Noise figure
Cable losses
Soft handover
gain,
antenna gain
Building Penetration
loss
Body loss

Hnh 3-1 Qu ng truyn v tuyn trong WCDMA
Lun vn thc s
3.1.1.1 Cng sut pht ca BS
Trong h thng WCDMA, cng sut pht ca BS l mt tham s h thng, n
khc nhau i vi cc dch v ring bit. N c quyt nh ph hp vi tng
loi dch v v vng ph ca dch v. Cng sut pht ti a ca BS l 43 dBm
(20W). Trong , cng sut ca knh ring (DCHDedicated Channel) c tnh
ton l vo khong 80% cng sut tng.
3.1.1.2 Cng sut pht ca thit b ngi dng UE
Bng 3-1 th hin cng sut pht ti a cho mi lp UE v dung sai cho php
tng ng. Mt thit b UE thoi (v d thit b cm tay) thng thuc lp 3 hoc
lp 4. Trong khi , mt thit b UE d liu (card d liu) thng l lp 3. Nu
trong mng s dng phi hp nhiu lp UE, th qu ng truyn nn c s dng
vi lp cao nht (cng sut pht ti a thp nht). Trong mt s trng hp tnh
ton, ta c th s dng mc cng sut pht thp nht c th i vi lp , c tnh
n c dung sai, v d nh l 19dBm i vi UE lp 4. Hin ti, ta s dng 21 dBm
tnh ton cho mng WCDMA v 24 dBm khi tnh ton i vi HSDPA.
Bng 3-1 Cc lp cng sut ca UE
Lp cng sut Cng sut pht ti a Sai s
1 +33 dBm +1/-3 dB
2 +27 dBm +1/-3 dB
3 +24 dBm +1/-3 dB
4 +21 dBm +2/-2 dB
3.1.1.3 Tng ch nten BS
Trong qu trnh tnh ton qu ng truyn, ta gi s rng tng ch ca anten
nh hng ca BS l 17 dBi v tng ch nten thu ng hng l 11 dBi. Trong
thc t, cc loi nten khc nhau c th c la chn ph hp vi cc vng v
cc yu cu vng ph khc nhau.
3.1.1.4 Tng ch nten UE
Bi v cc thit b UE cm tay c bn khng s dng anten ngoi nn s tng
ch bng 0 dBi.
Lun vn thc s
3.1.1.5 Suy hao cp feeder
Trong tnh ton qu ng truyn, ta cng nhn mt s cc gi thit sau:
- i vi mt feeder di 30-40 mt, tng suy hao cp feeder (bao gm c suy
hao u b ni) l 4 dB.
- i vi mt feeder di 40-50 mt, tng suy hao l 5 dB
S suy hao ca feeder c th lm gim mc thu v lm nh li bn knh ph
sng ca BS. V vy, cc b khuch i pht c th c s dng hn ch nh
hng ca s suy hao feeder.
3.1.1.6 Tng ch x l
H s tng ch x l c th c tnh theo cng thc PG = W/R, trong PG l
h s tng ch x l, W l tc chip v R l tc bit. Cc dch v khc nhau s
c cc tng ch x l khng ging nhau. Khi , bn knh vng ph dch v i vi
cc dch v khc nhau cng khc nhau.
384 kbps 128 kbps 64 kbps

Hnh 3-2 Tng ch x l i vi cch dch v khc nhau
3.1.1.7 T s Eb/No
Eb ch ra mc nng lng tn hiu trn tng bit, v c nh ngha qua cng
thc Eb = S/R, trong S l mc nng lng tn hiu v R l tc bit ca dch v.
No ch ra mt ph cng sut tp m, c nh ngha bng cng thc No =
N/W, trong W l rng bng thng (trong WCDMA chnh l tc chip v c
gi tr l 3.84M) v N l tp m (tng cng sut thu loi tr cng sut ca tn hiu
cn thu).
Lun vn thc s
(3.1)
T s Eb/No b nh hng bi loi dch v, tc chuyn ng, cc thut ton
m ha v gii m, s phn tp ca nten, iu khin cng sut v mi trng a
ng. Trong tiu chun ca 3GPP, cc gi tr ca Eb/No yu cu cho mt s
trng hp c ch ra nh trong bng 3-2, 3-3
Bng 3-2 Gi tr Eb/No yu cu trong mi trng ng truyn tnh
Tc knh (kbit/s) T l li khi yu cu Gi tr khuyn ngh ca 3GPP
12.2 < 10
1
n.a
< 10
2
5.1 dB
64 < 10
1
1.5 dB
< 10
2
1.7 dB
144 < 10
1
0.8 dB
< 10
2
0.9 dB
384 < 10
1
0.9 dB
< 10
2
1.0 dB
Bng 3-3 Gi tr Eb/No yu cu trong iu kin truyn dn a ng
Tc knh (kbit/s) T l li khi yu cu Gi tr khuyn ngh ca 3GPP
12.2 < 10
1
n.a
< 10
2
11.9 dB
64 < 10
1
6.2 dB
< 10
2
9.2 dB
144 < 10
1
5.4 dB
< 10
2
8.4 dB
384 < 10
1
5.8 dB
Lun vn thc s
< 10
2
8.8 dB
3.1.1.8 D tr nhiu (d tr ti)
D tr nhiu c tnh theo cng thc 10lg (1 ), trong l gi tr ti
ca cn tnh. Gi tr ny thng vo khong t 1 n 3 dB tng ng vi ti vo
khong 20 n 50% i vi hng ln.
20
10
6
1.25
3
25% 50% 75% 99%
I
Margin
[dB]
Load factor

Hnh 3-3 S ph thuc ca d tr nhiu vi ti ca
i vi hng xung, vn tn ti mi quan h gia ti v nhiu. Tuy nhin,
vic tnh ton mang tnh l thuyt kh kh khn nn mc d tr nhiu hng xung
s c quyt nh thng qua s m phng.
3.1.1.9 Tp m nhit
Nn tp m nhit nh hng trc tip n nhy thu v c tnh ton theo
cng thc sau: Noice = KTW (Wat), trong K l hng s Boltzmann (1.38
10
23
J/K), T l nhit Kelvin v W l tc chip (3.84 M).
Khi s dng dBm lm n v tnh ton th cng thc tnh tp m nhit s tr
thnh nh sau: Noise = 10lg(KT) + 10lg(W), trong 10lg(KT) th hin mt tp
m nhit (dBM/Hz). Trong iu kin nhit bnh thng (T-290 K) th tp m
nhit s c gi tr l -174 dBm.
Lun vn thc s
Mt ph tp m l nh nhau ti cc im tn s c nh bi v bng thng
tp m ln hn nhiu so vi bng thng ca h thng. Do , cng sut tp m to
ra bi ngun tp m nhit l nh nhau trn tng n v bng thng.
3.1.1.10 H s tp m
H s tp m ca b thu cho bit tp m m b thu to ra trong qu trnh x l
tn hiu. Trong qu trnh tnh ton qu ng truyn, h s tp m i vi BS l 2.2
dB v i vi MS l 5 dB.
3.1.1.11 nhy my thu
nhy my thu BS ch ra mc thu ti thiu yu cu m bo c cc tiu
chun cht lng t ra sau khi gii m tn hiu. nhy my thu c tnh theo
cng thc nh sau:
S(dBm) =Eb/No (dB) +N (dBm) 10lg(W/R) (3.2)
Trong , N l tp m tng m BS thu c, N =Noise +Nf +IM (Noise l tp
m nhit, Nf l h s tp m ca BS v IM l d tr nhiu. Khi , nhy my thu
c th c vit li nh sau:
S(dBm) =Eb/No (dB) +10lg(KTW) +Nf (dBm) +IM (dBm) 10log(W/R) (3.3)
3.1.1.12 Tng ch chuyn giao mm
Tng ch chuyn giao mm l tng ch s dng chng li hin tng fading
chm. Khi thit b di ng nm trong vng chuyn giao mm, ti cng mt thi
im, nhiu lin kt chuyn giao mm u thu c tn hiu, iu ny lm gim yu
cu i vi d tr fading.
3.1.1.13 D tr iu khin cng sut
Cng ngh WCDMA s dng vic iu khin cng sut nhanh vng lp kn
chng li cc nh hng ca fading nhanh di iu kin di chuyn chm, t
gim t s Eb/No yu cu. Trong iu kin mi trng thc t, cng sut pht ti a
l gii hn v iu ny s lm gim hiu sut ca qu trnh gii iu ch. Vic iu
Lun vn thc s
khin cng sut khng th b c fading su nu u cui di ng ang trong
vng fading su. Trong trng hp ny, chng li fading su, th cc thit b UE
(hoc Node B) cn phi tng cng sut pht trung bnh. Ngoi ra, khi UE ang
vng bin ca , iu khin cng sut cng khng th b c fading su.
Trong iu kin chuyn ng chm, gi tr ca d tr iu khin cng sut l
vo khong 3 dBm. Cn i vi trng hp u cui chuyn ng nhanh th d tr
iu kin cng sut khng c s dng.
3.1.1.14 Suy hao m xuyn
Suy hao m xuyn ca cc ta nh gy ra bi s suy gim ca cc sng v
tuyn khi chng xuyn qua cc ta nh. N c tnh thng qua s khc nhau ca
cng trng gia bn trong v bn ngoi ta nh. Gi tr suy hao thay i ty
thuc vo vt liu cng nh dy ca cc ta nh.
3.1.1.15 D tr fading
D tr fading tun theo phn b loga. Gi tr ca n b nh hng bi kh nng
giao tip ti vng bin sector v lch chun fading, ngoi ra n cng chu nh
hng ca mi trng truyn sng in t. Trong ng truyn v tuyn, gi tr tn
hao ng truyn c th c xem nh mt bin ngu nhin v tun theo phn b
loga.
Gi s rng gi tr ngu nhin ca suy hao ng truyn l , gi tr trung bnh
l m v lch chun l , 1 l ngng suy hao.
Khi < 1, cc tn hiu sau gii iu ch tha mn cc yu cu v cht lng
dch v. Kh nng ph sng vng bin trong trng hp ln hn hoc bng 75% c
th c tnh thng qua cng thc sau:
(3.4)
Lun vn thc s
i vi mi trng bn ngoi (outdoor), lch chun ca suy hao ng
truyn lun c ly gi tr l 8 dB.
Khi , gi tr d tr fading tng ng c tnh nh sau:
1 = 0.675 = 0.675 8 = 5.4 (3.5)
Tt c qu trnh tnh ton qu ng truyn hng ln c th tm tt nh sau:
Bng 3-4 Cc tham s tnh ton qu ng truyn
Tham s K hiu
Cng sut pht ti a ca MS A
Khuch i nten thu MS B
Suy hao c th ngi C
Cng sut pht hiu dng ca MS trn 1
knh D=A+B-C
Mt cng sut tp m nhit mi
trng E
Nhiu hnh hng ln F
Mt ph cng sut nhiu thu hng
ln G=E+F
tng nhiu hng ln H
Tng mt ph cng sut nhiu thu BS I=G+H
T s Eb/No yu cu hng ln J
Tc dch v hng ln K hiu
nhy my thu hng ln
= + 10(3.84 10
6
) +(
10 lg(3.84 10
6
/))
Tng ch nten BS M
Suy hao kt hp ca BS N
D tr fading P
Tng ch chuyn giao mm Q
D tr iu khin cng sut R
Suy hao ng truyn S
Tng suy hao ti a T=D-L+M-N-P+Q-R-S
a s cc mc trong vic tnh ton qu ng truyn l ging nhau cho c
hng ln v hng xung. Bn knh trn hng xung, vng ph hng xung
thay i ty thuc vo s lng thu bao trng , v tr v loi dch v s dng ca
Lun vn thc s
thu bao. Hng xung thng b gii hi bi dung lng, khi ti ca tng c th
gy ra mt s hn ch trn hng xung.
Trong qu trnh tnh ton v quy hoch mng cn phi quan tm n vic cn
bng gia hng ln v hng xung, iu chnh cc thng s thit k cho ph hp
vi tng khu vc a hnh, dn c v tng loi dch v vng ph ca c hng
ln v hng xung l tng ng nhau, hn ch ti a cc khu vc hng ln tt
m hng xung xu hoc ngc li. Vic tnh ton ny c th c h tr thng
qua cc phn mm quy hoch mng, s c cp chi tit trong chng sau ca
lun vn.
3.1.2 Tnh ton vng ph ca
Vic tnh ton vng ph ca c th thc hin thng qua cc m hnh ng
truyn khi xc nh c tn hao ti a cho php. M hnh ng truyn cn
c la chn sao cho n m t ti u nht cc iu kin ng truyn trong khu
vc cn tnh ton. Nhng hn ch ca cc m hnh c lin quan n khong cch t
BS, chiu cao hiu dng ca nten BS, chiu cao nten MS v tn s sng mang.
Trong s cc m hnh ng truyn, hai m hnh Okumura-Hata v Walfisch-
Ikegami l hai m hnh c s dng nhiu nht trong vic tnh ton tn hao ng
truyn.
3.1.2.1 M hnh Okmura-Hata
M hnh Okumura-Hata c x dng trong vic tnh ton vng ph trong qu
trnh quy hoch mng vi cc t bo ln (macro-cell). Cng thc Hata ban u
c s dng khi tn s nm trong khong t 150 n 1000 MHZ, chiu cao nten
BS t 30-200m v chiu cao MS t 1-10m v khong cch l 1-20km. Chiu cao
nten BS phi vt qua c nh hng ca cc ta nh i vi BS.
M hnh Okumura-Hata c s dng hiu qu trong vic nghin cu cc ng
truyn khc nhau bi v n c th s dng cho nhiu vng t khc nhau vi nhiu
loi a hnh v cc thng s mng khc nhau.
Lun vn thc s
Tuy nhin, m hnh ny cng c mt s nhc im khi nghin cu ng
truyn trong cc mi trng t bo nh. Nu chiu cao ca nten thp hn cc ta
nh xung quanh th c tnh ca ng truyn s thay i. Tnh hung ny khng th
c phn tch bi cc phng php tnh bi v cc ta nh c lp ln hn rt nhiu
so vi kch thc ca v c tnh hnh hc ca cc ta nh khng th c b qua
nh trong cc m hnh t bo ln.
Cng thc tnh tn hao ng truyn trong m hnh Okumura-Hata:
= +
10
13.82
10
) +( 6.55
10
10
(3.6)
Trong Lp l tn hao ng truyn (dB); f l tn s (MHz); h
b
v h
m
l chiu
cao nten ca BS v MS (m); a(h
m
) l hm hiu chnh tng ch nten MS (dB); v d
l khong cch (km).
Cc tham s A v B c ly cc gi tr tng ng nh trong bng 3-5. Cc gi
tr ny c quyt nh da trn cc php o thc t ph hp vi m hnh.
Bng 3-5 Cc hng s A v B trong m hnh Okumura Hata
150-1000 MHz 1500-2000 MHz
A 69.55 46.3
B 26.16 33.9
Tham s C a ra s ph thuc khong cch v c quyt nh thng qua cc
php o, bng cch thay i thng s ny ta c th iu chnh m hnh chnh xc
hn. Gi tr ca n thng nm trong khong t 44 n 47 v gi tr mc nh
thng c s dng l 44.9
Gi tr ca a(h
m
) c xc nh ty thuc vo tng loi thnh ph khc nhau,
i vi thnh ph nh v trung bnh:
(
) = (1.1
10
0.7)
(1.56
10
0.8) (3.7)
V i vi thnh ph ln:
Lun vn thc s
(
) =
8.29 [
10
(1.54
)]
2
1.1 200
3.2 [
10
(11.75
)]
2
4.971 400
(3.8)
Tuy nhin, trong thc t cc hm ny thng t c s dng bi v chiu cao
nten MS lun vo khong 1.5m cho tt c cc trng hp. Vi gi tr chiu cao
ny, gi tr ca cc hm ni trn thng xp x bng khng v khng qu nhy cm
vi s thay i nh ca chiu cao nten MS.
Do m hnh Hata b gii hn v tn s nm trong khong t 100 n 1500 MHz,
nn n khng th s dng tnh ton cc mng v tuyn 3G. gii quyt vn
v gii hn bng tn, cng thc ban Hata ban u c hon thin bi
COST231, kt qu l m hnh COST231-Hata c kh nng s dng trong khong
tn s t 1500MHz n 2000 MHz, n thch hp cho vic tnh ton cc mng v
tuyn 3G.
Cng thc tnh suy hao ng truyn trong m hnh COST231-Hata c vit
li nh sau:
= 46.3 +33.9 13.82
) +(44.9 6.55
) +

(3.9)
Trong
=
0 i vi thnh ph nh v vng ngoi
3 i vi cc thnh ph ln

3.1.2.2 M hnh Walfisch/Ikegami
M hnh ny c s dng nh gi suy hao ng truyn trong mi trng
thnh ph cho mng thng tin di ng.
Lun vn thc s

Hnh 3-4 M hnh Walfisch/Ikegami
i vi trng hp tm nhn thng, suy hao ng chuyn c tnh ton n
gin nh sau:
= 42.6 +26 +20 (3.10)

Vic tnh ton trong trng hp truyn khng theo tm nhn thng phc tp
hn, suy hao ng truyn bao gm ba thnh phn chnh l tn hao khng gian t
do L
0
, tn hao nhiu x a hnh L
msd
v tn hao nhiu x nh-ph L
rts
:
0
+
> 0
0
(3.11)
Trong :
- Tn hao khng gian t do:
0
= 32.44 +20 +20 (3.12)
- Tn hao nhiu x nhph c COST231 m rng nh sau:
= 16.9 10 +10 +20 lg
(3.13)
- Vi
l tn hao nh hng c xc nh nh sau:
=
10 +0.354 0
35
2.5 +0.075( 35) 35
55
4.0 0.114( 35) 55
90
(3.14)
Trong w l rng ca ng,
l chiu cao mi nh, chiu cao b thu

l
v l s nh hng ca ng.
Lun vn thc s
Tn hao nhiu x a hnh cng c COST231 m rng v tnh thm chiu cao
ca ta nh h
roof
v khong cch gia cc ta nh b:
9 (3.15)
Vi

=
18 (1 +

>
0 ,
<
(3.16)

54 ,
>

54 0.8
, 0.5
54 0.8

0.5
, < 0.5

(3.17)

=
18 ,
>
18 15

<
(3.18)

= 4 +
0.7

925
1 i vi vng ngoi v th nh
1.5

925
1 i vi cc thnh ph ln

(3.19)
Tham s k
d
v k
f
iu chnh s ph thuc ca tn hao tn hao nhiu x a hnh
so vi khong cch v tn s v tuyn, tham s k
a
cho thy tn hao ng truyn
tng i vi cc BS nm pha di cc ta nh.
3.2 Tnh ton dung lng trong WCDMA
3.2.1 Tnh ton dung lng hng ln
tn hiu thu c c th gii m th t s Eb/No cn phi ln hn hoc bng
t s Eb/No yu cu ti u thu ca BS.
Eb/No c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Lun vn thc s
(
(3.20)
Trong W l tc chip (3.84M),
l cng sut tn hiu thu c t ngi

dng j,
l tham s ch mc hot ng ca ngi dng j,
l tc bit ca
ngi dng j, v
l cng sut bng rng tng cng thu c bao gm c cng

sut tp m nhit ti BS.
T cng thc trn, ta c th tnh c P
j
:
=
1
1+

(
(3.21)
Ta gi L
j
=
P
j
I
total
l tham s ti ca 1 kt ni, L
j
c tnh bng cng thc:
=
1
1+

(
(3.22)
Tng cng sut thu c ti trm BS, khng bao gm tp m nhit P
N
, c th
c tnh bng tng cng sut thu c t N ngi dng trn cng mt :
=1
=
=1
(3.23)
S tng tp m c nh ngha bng t s gia tng cng sut thu bng rng
trn cng sut nhiu:
=

=
1
1
=1
=
1
1
(3.23)
() = 10
10
(1
) (3.23)
Trong ta nh ngha tham s ti hng ln
UL
:
=1
(3.23)
Lun vn thc s
Khi
UL
tin n 1, s tng nhiu tng ng s tin n v cng v h thng s
t n gii hn v dung lng. C ngha l dung lng hng ln b gii hn bi
s tng nhiu ca h thng khi s lng thu bao tng.
20
-90
Noise
[dB]
User number
-95
-100
-105
-110
40 60 80

Hnh 3-5 Mi quan h gia s lng thu bao v s tng tp m
Trong trng hp ch c mt dch v duy nht, s lng knh cung cp bi tt
c cc c xc nh theo cng thc ti v sau c th tnh c tng s trm
gc BS tha mn yu cu dung lng hng ln. Tuy nhin, khi h thng cung cp
nhiu dch v kt hp, da trn phng php Campbell, ta phi chuyn i tng
ng mc s dng ti nguyn ca nhiu dch v khc nhau thnh mc s
dng ti nguyn ca mt dch v, sau tnh s lng knh cng nh s lng trm
gc BS yu cu.
3.2.2 Tnh ton dung lng hng xung
c th gii iu ch cc tn hiu mt cch chnh xc, MS cn phi vt qua
c mc nhiu gy ra bi ba b phn:
= (1 ) +
(3.24)
Lun vn thc s
Trong P l cng sut pht tng ca trm gc BS, P
other
l nhiu tng ca cc
tn hiu bn ngoi , P
N
l cng sut nhiu nhit ca MS v l tham s trc giao
ca hng xung.
Tng t nh phng php tnh ton i vi hng ln, ta c th tnh ton
c tham s ti hng xung nh sau:
=1

(
(1 ) + (3.25)
Trong W l tc chp (3.84M), v
j
l tham s ch mc hot ng ca
ngi dng j, R
j
tc bit s dng ca ngi dng j, l tham s trc giao trung
bnh ca v i l t s trung bnh ca nhiu t cc ln cn n ang xt.
So snh vi cng thc tnh ton trn hng ln, ta thy tham s mi quan trng
nht chnh l - tham s trc giao trung bnh trn hng xung. WCDMA s dng
cc m trc giao trn hng xung phn bit cc ngi dng khc nhau. Tuy
nhin, nu trn knh v tuyn tn ti tr ln th MS s nhn mt phn tn hiu t
BS nh l nhiu a truy nhp. Trng hp l tng khi mi ngi dng u trc
giao hon ton khi tham s trc giao bng 1. Tuy nhin, trong thc t th tham s
trc giao nm trong khong t 0.4 n 0.9 i vi cc knh a ng.
Trong m hnh nhiu hng xung, nh hng ca chuyn giao mm c th
thc hin theo hai cch nh sau:
- Tng s lng kt ni bng mo u chuyn giao mm, v gim t s Eb/No
yu cu trn lin kt vi tng ch chuyn giao mm.
- Gi s lng kt ni c nh, v d nh bng s lng ngi dng, v s
dng t s Eb/No kt hp.
Nu tng ch chuyn giao mm trn 1 lin kt c gi s l 3dB, th t s
Eb/No kt hp l nh nhau trong c hai trng hp c hoc khng c chuyn giao
Lun vn thc s
mm. Trong trng hp , ta khng cn tnh ton nh hng ca chuyn giao
mm i vi vic nh lng giao din v tuyn.
Khi tnh ton dung lng hng xung, vic xc nh tng cng sut pht yu
cu ca BS l rt quan trng. N c xc nh da vo cng sut pht trung bnh
cho tng ngi dng, ch khng phi cng sut pht ti a cho vng bin nh
trong tnh ton qu ng truyn. Nguyn nhn l do cng ngh WCDMA cho
php ngi dng vng bin c yu cu cng sut cao hn, trong khi nhng
ngi dng gn trm BS cn mc cng sut thp hn ti cng mt thi im. S
khc nhau gia tn hao ng truyn ti a v tn hao ng truyn trung bnh
thng vo khong 6 dB i vi cc ln.
Cng sut pht ti thiu cho mi ngi dng c quyt nh bi mc suy hao
trung bnh gia b pht BS v b thu MS, k hiu l L, v nhy my thu trong
iu kin khng c nhiu a truy nhp (trn nhiu hoc cng mt ). Ngoi ra,
nh hng ca vic tng tp m nn khi c thm nhiu c cng thm vo cng
sut ti thiu ta s c c cng sut pht yu cu cho mt ngi dng ti mt v tr
trung bnh trong . Khi , cng sut pht tng cng ca BS c th c tnh theo
cng thc sau:
_
=

=1

(
(3.26)
Trong N
MS
l mt ph cng sut nhiu trn hng thu ca MS, gi tr ca
N
MS
c th tnh theo cng thc: N
MS
= KT +NF = 174 +NF (T = 290K) vi K
l hng s Boltzmann, T l nhit Kelvin v NF l dng tp m b thu MS c gi
tr thng nm trong khong 5-9 dB.
Dung lng hng xung b gii hn bi cng sut pht ca BS, s gii hn
ny c th c minh ha nh trn hnh:
Lun vn thc s

Hnh 3-6 Mi quan h gia cng sut pht v s lng ngi dng cho php
Ngoi ra, mt phn cng sut pht hng xung cn c s dng cho cc
knh chung, chng c pht c lp vi cc knh lu lng. Mc cng sut dnh
cho cc knh chung nh hng n thi gian ng b, chnh xc thit lp knh
v cht lng thu nhn ca knh qung b. Do , cc knh chung ny s chim
mt phn dung lng ca s dng cho cc knh lu lng.
3.3 Tnh ton quy hoch mng i vi trng hp c th
Trong phn ny, chng ta s s dng cc kin thc l thuyt c trnh by
cc phn trc tnh ton quy hoch mng cho mt trng hp c th, vi cc
tp iu kin u vo xc nh. T a ra c vng ph ti a ca mt , s
lng BS cn phi s dng m bo vng ph sng cho khu vc cn quy hoch,
dung lng ca tng bao gm c hng ln v hng xung.
Ta gi s mt s iu kin u vo nh sau:
- Ti thit k ca h thng l 50%
- T l hn ch dch v thoi l 2%
- Tham s nhiu t cc ln cn l 0.65
- Vng th trn cn quy hoch c din tch l 40.8 km
2

Lun vn thc s
Cc gi thit i vi hng ln v hng xung nh trong bng 3-6 v 3-7
Bng 3-6 Cc gi thit hng ln
Thoi CS64 PS64/64 PS64/128 PS64/384
Tc d liu 12.2 64 64 64 64
Tham s hot ng 0.67 1 1 1 1
Eb/No 4.7 2.87 1.6 1.6 1.6
Lu lng d kin 3000 400 100 5 2
Bng 3-7 Cc gi thit hng xung
Thoi CS64 PS64/64 PS64/128 PS64/384
Tc d liu 12.2 64 64 128 384
Tham s hot ng 0.58 1 1 1 1
Eb/No 7.7 7.7 7.4 6.4 8
Lu lng d kin 3000 400 100 40 20
Ton b cc thng s v qu ng truyn c th hin nh trong bng 3-8.
Khi , da trn m hnh COST231Hata, ta c th tnh c tng suy hao ng
truyn, t tnh c vng ph c bn tng ng vi tng dch v s c tnh
nh trong bng 3-9
Bng 3-8 Cc tham s tnh ton qu ng truyn hng ln
Tham s Thoi CS64 PS64/64 PS64/128 PS64/384
Cng sut pht ti a
ca MS 21 21 21 21 21
Khuch i nten thu
MS 0 0 0 0 0
Suy hao c th ngi 2 0 0 0 0
Cng sut pht hiu
dng ca MS trn 1
knh 19 21 21 21 21
Mt cng sut tp m
nhit mi trng -174 -174 -174 -174 -174
Nhiu hnh hng ln -108.157 -108.157 -108.157 -108.1566878 -108.15669
Mt ph cng sut
nhiu thu hng ln 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2
Tng mt ph cng
sut nhiu thu BS -105.957 -105.957 -105.957 -105.9566878 -105.95669
Lun vn thc s
tng nhiu hng ln 3 3 3 3 3
Tc dch v hng
ln 12.2 64 64 64 64
nhy my thu hng
ln -123.736 -117.868 -119.139 -119-138204 -119.1382
Tng ch nten BS 17 17 17 17 17
Suy hao kt hp ca BS 4 4 4 4 4
D tr fading 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4
Tng ch chuyn giao
mm 3 3 3 3 3
D tr iu khin cng
sut 3 3 3 3 3
Suy hao ng truyn 20 20 20 20 20
Tng suy hao ti a cho
php 125.34 121.47 122.74 122.74 122.74
Bng 3-9 Bn knh ph sng tng ng vi tng dch v
Thoi CS64 PS64/64 PS64/128 PS64/384
Bn knh
(km)
0.65 0.5 0.54 0.54 0.54
Vi cu hnh thng thng ca mt trm pht sng gm 3 sector, vng ph dch
v ca BS c tnh nh sau:
=
9
8
3
2
= 1.95 0.5 0.5 = 0.488
2
(3.27)
S lng BS cn phi s dng cho ton b khu vc quy hoch l:
40.8/0.488=84
Sau khi tnh ton c vng ph, chng ta s tip tc tnh ton dung lng
hng ln, t c th so snh, v la chn phng n ti u.
Mt tng ng ca tng dch v c tnh theo cng thc:
=

(3.28)
Khi , gi tr tng ng vi tng dch v ang xt c tnh nh sau:

Lun vn thc s
Bng 3-10 Mt dch v tng ng
Thoi 1
CS64 (64 1 10
0.287
)/(12.2 0.67 10
0.47
) = 5.67
PS64/64 (64 1 10
0.16
)/(12.2 0.67 10
0.47
) = 4.3
PS64/128 (64 1 10
0.16
)/(12.2 0.67 10
0.47
) = 4.3
PS64/384 (64 1 10
0.16
)/(12.2 0.67 10
0.47
) = 4.3
Hm trung bnh:
=
= 3000 1 +400 5.67 +100 4.3 +5 4.3 +2 4.3

= 5766.1
Hm bin thin:
=
2
=3000 1 +400 5.67
2
+100 4.3
2
+5 4.3
2
+2 4.3
2
= 18271.7
Khi , tham s dung lng h thng c tnh theo cng thc:
=

= 3.17 (3.29)
Lu lng chun ha ca h thng l M/C=5766.1/3.17=1818.96 (Erl).
S lng knh thoi tung ng c th c cung cp bi c xc nh
qua cng thc:
= (1 +)
1
1+
1
/
(3.30)
Trong , = 50% v f =0.65.
Sau khi tnh ton, ta c c s lng knh thoi tng ng N = 54.
Lu lng knh chun ha trn mt =(54-1)/3.17 =16, sau khi s dng bng
Erl B quy i, vi 16 knh chun ha trong iu kin m bo t l mt cuc gi
l 2% ta s c c gi tr l 9.83 Erl.
Lun vn thc s
Cui cng, s lng cn phi s dng p ng lu lng ca c h
thng l 1818.96/9.83 =186.
Vi cu hnh ca BS gm 3 sector, s lng BS cn dng l 186/3 =62 BS.
Nh vy, sau khi tnh ton c cc iu kin v vng ph cng nh dung lng
ca h thng, m bo ti u c v vng ph v dung lng th cn phi s dng
84 BS.
Tip theo, sau khi xc nh phi s dng 84 BS m bo cht lng dch
v hng ln, ta s s dng n nh mt tham s u vo tnh ton i vi hng
xung.
Khi , lu lng trung bnh ca cc dch v trn tng c tnh nh sau:
Bng 3-11 Lu lng trung bnh ca dch v
Thoi 3000/(84*3)=11.9 Erl
CS64 400/(84*3)=1.59 Erl
PS64/64 100/(84*3)=0.4 Erl
PS64/128 35/(84*3)=0.14 Erl
PS64/384 20/(84*3)=0.079 Erl
Tnh ton tng t nh i vi hng ln ta c c: M =33.04 v V =
355.19. T ta c tham s lu lng hng xung C=V/M=10.77, dung lng
chun ha hng ln ca mt l M/C=33.04/10.75 =3.07 Erl.
Thng qua bng tra cu Erl B, vi gi tr 3.07 Erl, s lng knh chun ha yu
cu trn mi l 7. Khi , tng s lng cc knh chun ha hng xung c
cung cp bi mt l 7*10.75 +1 =76.
Hn na, ta c th tnh ton s lng knh thoi tng ng m mi c th
cung cp da vo cng sut pht gii hn t cng thc:
Lun vn thc s
=

(/)
=1
1
(/)
[1
=1
(3.31)
Trong :
- P l cng sut pht ti a, c gi tr bng 13W
-
l tham s trc giao trung bnh, trong mi trng truyn dn a ng th

n c gi tr bng 0.6
-
l suy hao ng truyn trung bnh c gi tr bng 6 dBm

-
l mt ph cng sut nhiu trn b thu ca MS, n c gi tr -169 dBm

-
l tham s nhiu t cc ln cn, i vi cc BS c 3 sector thng thng

th n c gi tr l 0.65.
T cng thc trn, ta c th tnh ton c s lng knh chun ha c cung
cp bi mi l 71.
So snh hai gi tr tnh ton trn, ta thy rng vi 84 BS s phi yu cu mi
p ng c 76 knh chun ha, tuy nhin do gii hn v cng sut nn mi ch
c th cung cp c 71 knh. V vy, m bo dung lng ca hng xung, ta
cn b sung thm cc trm BS. Ta c th xc nh s lng BS cn b sung bng
cch ln lt tng s lng BS n khi t c yu cu ra.
Bng 3-12 So snh s lng knh yu cu ty theo s lng BS
S lng BS S lng knh yu cu S lng knh c cung cp
83 76 71
84 76 71
85 76 71
86 76 71
87 76 71
88 65 71
Lun vn thc s
Cui cng, nh trong bng trn, ta thy vi 88 BS, cc yu cu v vng ph
v dung lng ca c hng ln v hng xung u c m bo. Vic tnh ton
ny c th c thc hin mt cch chi tit v trc quan hn thng qua cc phn
mm m phng quy hoch mng v tuyn c trnh by trong chng sau.

Lun vn thc s
M PHNG QUY HOCH MNG WCDMA Chng 4
Cng c quy hoch mng tnh ton vng ph da trn mt tp cc gi thit v
thng s d liu u vo. Cc gi thit tng t nh trong tnh ton qu ng
truyn chng 3. Mt s cc thng s u vo khc bao gm cc bn a l,
lu lng v cc thng tin lin quan. Da vo cc cng c quy hoch mng, suy hao
ng truyn c th c tnh ton gia tng thit b pht v tng v tr, trong v
tr c nh ngha l cc vung vi kch thc xc nh, t vi mt n vi trm
mt ty thuc vo khu vc cn tnh ton.
i vi WCDMA, vic tnh ton ch da vo qu ng truyn l cha . Nh
ta bit, cc nhn t v ti v lu lng mng c nh hng ln n kt qu tnh
ton trong qu trnh quy hoch mng. Cc dch v khc nhau, s lng ngi dng
khc nhau s nh hng n vng ph v vng ph cng nh hng n lu lng
cho php ca mng. Do , cc cng c quy hoch mng phi quan tm n s phn
b lu lng. S phn b lu lng thng c tnh ton thng qua thut ton
Monte Carlo, s phn b ngu nhin ca ngi dng theo cc quy tc c th thay
i c.
4.1 Quy hoch mng WCDMA s dng phn mm m phng
Qu trnh thc hin m phng thng qua cc chng trnh quy hoch mng
c th hin nh trn hnh 4-1

Lun vn thc s
a vo bn s, vng ph
Thit lp cc thng s m phng
Phn b lu lng
M phng theo phng php
Monte Carlo
Kim tra kt qu m phng
Tt
Cha tt
iu chnh

Hnh 4-1 Cc bc thc hin m phng quy hoch mng
4.1.1 Cc thng s u vo m phng
Cc thng s u vo ca cc chng trnh m phng quy hoch mng bao gm
cc d liu bn s v cc tham s ca mng cn quy hoch.
Bn s l yu cu c bn u tin cn thit cho vic tnh ton m phng
trong quy hoch mng. Bn s bao gm mt c s d liu h thng thng tin a
l (GIS: Geographic Information System). Trong bao gm d liu nh d liu v
a cht (terrain), d liu v s phn b b mt (Clutter), d liu vector, d liu v
lu lng (traffic).
Lun vn thc s
Khong cch gia cc trm l mt tham s quan trng u tin trong sut qu
trnh quy hoch mng. c th m phng mt cch tt nht, th phn gii ca
bn s t nht phi cao hn 10 ln khong cch nh nht gia cc trm. Ty theo
tng khu vc, tng kch bn m phng khc nhau. Bng 4-1 th hin phn gii
c s dng trong mt s trng hp.
Bng 4-1 Mt s phn gii bn thng dng
phn gii Khu vc Loi trm
5m Thnh ph ng c Micro cell
20m Thnh ph trung bnh Macro cell
50m Vng ngoi Macro cell
100m Vng nng thn Macro cell
Thng s quan trng tip theo l d liu v vic s dng b mt, cc d liu
ny l khng chun ha i vi cc nh cung cp bn , v n cng khc nhau i
vi tng nc, tng khu vc. V vy, trong thc t c th m phng chnh xc th
cn la chn bn s c cc thng s ph hp vi khu vc ang cn tnh ton.
Cc bn vector c s dng th hin cc nhn t tuyn tnh nh cc
dng sng, ng x, v ranh gii hnh chnh. Lp vector ny c hai mc ch
chnh l: kim tra cc v tr t trm v quyt nh s phn b lu lng.
Bn lu lng c th cung cp mt thu bao. i vi tng m hnh tng
ng vi tng khu vc, mt thu bao cng khc nhau.
Cc tham s ca mng cn quy hoch bao gm cu hnh ca trm thu pht BS,
s lng sng mang, sector c s dng, loi anten, chiu cao anten, gc phng
v, nghing ca anten Cn c vo iu kin thc t trin khai mng la
chn cc tham s ban u, sau trong qu trnh tnh ton, m phng s iu chnh
c th t c mt gii php ti u.
Lun vn thc s
4.1.2 Kt qu m phng
Sau khi nhp cc d liu u vo ph hp, thng qua vic nghin cu qu
ng truyn v tuyn trong chng 3, chng ta gi thit cc thng s cho qu trnh
m phng.
- Giao din chnh ca chng trnh:

- Thit lp gi tr cho cell mi:
Lun vn thc s

- Update/Delete gi tr ca cc cell c:

- Cp nht cell mi trn bn s:
Lun vn thc s

- Zoom cell trn bn s:

Lun vn thc s
Kt lun
Thng qua kt qu m phng th hin trc quan v vng ph ca 1 sector.
Do chng trnh m phng ch tnh ton, m phng trn cc thng s u vo v
bn 2-D, khng th hin c cc vt cn v a hnh, cng nh cc iu kin v
mi trng trong khng gian 3-D nn tng chnh xc cho kt qu m phng,
ta c th iu chnh cc thng s u vo ca chng trnh m phng, bao gm c
cc thng s v iu kin mi trng, cng nh cc thng s ca thit b nh cng
sut pht ca Node B, loi nten s dng cng nh gc ngng ca nten t c
c kt qu m phng st vi thc t nht.
Hng nghin cu tip theo ca lun vn l s tip tc nghin cu su na v
h thng mng truy cp v tuyn, a ra cc phng thc tnh ton qu ng
truyn mi ph hp vi tng khu vc cn tnh ton, b sung cc thng s u vo
m phng, nng cao tnh chnh xc ca kt qu m phng. c bit s nghin cu
phng n a bn s 3-D vo qu trnh m phng c th nh gi chnh xc
nht v vng ph sng cng nh cht lng mng ca h thng mng truy cp v
tuyn WCDMA.
Lun vn thc s
Danh mc ti liu tham kho
[1] Christophe Chevallier, Christopher Brunner, Andrea Garavaglia, Kenvin
P.Murray, Kenneth R.Baker, WCDMA Deployment Handbook Planning and
Optimization Aspects , J ohn Wiley and Sons, Sep 2006
[2] 3G Training Manual For Technical Engineer, Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd,
March 2008
[3] Fengzhi and Yuan Hongwei, WCDMA network planning and optimization
training course, ZTE Corporation, May 2007
[4] Harri Holma and Antti Toskala, WCDMA for UMTS Radio Access for Third
Generation Mobile Communications, J ohn Wiley and Sons, Sep 2004
[5] M.R.Karim, Mohsen Sarraf, W-CDMA and cdma2000 for 3G Mobile
Networks, McGraw-Hill, 2002
[6] Tomas Novosad, Jaana Laiho and Achim Wacker, Radio Network Planning
and Optimisation for UMTS 2
nd
Edition, J ohn Wiley and Sons, 2006
[7] Urs Bernhard & Jens Mueckenheim, UMTS Radio Access Network:
Concepts, Architecture, Interfaces, Protocols and Algorithms, Lucent
Technologies,J uly 2009
[8] Zou Ning (Neeson), UMTS Air Interface training course, Wireless Dept. Bell-
Labs, 2007

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MC LC

= 42.6 +26 +20 (3.10)

= 16.9 10 +10 +20 lg

l tn hao nh hng c xc nh nh sau:

2.5 +0.075( 35) 35

4.0 0.114( 35) 55

l chiu cao mi nh, chiu cao b thu

l cng sut tn hiu thu c t ngi

l tham s ch mc hot ng ca ngi dng j,

l cng sut bng rng tng cng thu c bao gm c cng

= 3000 1 +400 5.67 +100 4.3 +5 4.3 +2 4.3

l tham s trc giao trung bnh, trong mi trng truyn dn a ng th

l suy hao ng truyn trung bnh c gi tr bng 6 dBm

l mt ph cng sut nhiu trn b thu ca MS, n c gi tr -169 dBm

l tham s nhiu t cc ln cn, i vi cc BS c 3 sector thng thng

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