THUYT TRNH

c Cht Hc Mi Trng

TRNG I HC DN LP VN LANG
KHOA CNG NGH & QUN L MI TRNG
I HC VN LANG KHOA CN&QL MI TRNG
NGHIN CU TC NG LN MI TRNG V
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I NI TIT - EDC
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I HC VN LANG KHOA CN&QL MI TRNG
1
GII THIU V C CHT
2
NG HC CA CHT C
3
C CH TC DNG CA CHT C
4
NH HNG CA EDC I VI CON
NGI V NG VT
5
KT LUN
I HC VN LANG KHOA CN&QL MI TRNG
c cht hc l mt ngnh khoa hc chuyn nghin cu v
cc cht c, bao gm vic pht hin ra cc cht c, c
tnh l ho hc ca chng v nhng nh hng

c cht hc mi trng: Nghin cu s vn chuyn ca
cht c v cc cht chuyn ho ca chng trong mi trng,
trong chui thc phm v tc dng c ca cc cht ny trn
c th v trn qun th.
Khi Nim V c Cht
I HC VN LANG KHOA CN&QL MI TRNG
Cht c (poison)
Nhng cht v c hay hu c
t n nng nht nh hi cho c th sng.

c t (toxin) c dng ch cc cht c c
sn sinh (c ngun gc) t cc qu trnh sinh hc
ca c th.
Cht c
Khi Nim c Tnh V c Lc


Khi nim c tnh: dng miu t tnh cht gy c
ca cht c i vi c th sng.

Khi nim c lc: l lng cht c trong nhng iu
kin nht nh gy nh hng c hi hoc nhng bin i
sinh hc c hi cho c th.

Phn Loi Cht c
Cht c c th c phn loi theo nhiu cch:

- Theo ngun gc,
- Bn cht l ho ca cht c,
- Phng php phn tch cht c,
- c lc,
- Tc ng ca cht c trn h c quan ca c th,
- Ngun ly nhim cht c.
Cc Ngun Cht c
Con ngi v ng vt c th b ng c bi rt nhiu cht
c n t nhiu ngun trong cuc sng.
- Cc cht gy nhim khng kh, nc v thc phm
- Cc cht ph gia trong thc phm, thc n chn nui
- Cc ho cht trong cng nghip v cc dung mi
- Ha cht bo v thc vt
- Thuc th y dng iu tr gia sc gia cm

Ng c
Ng c l trng thi ri lon nhng hot ng sinh l bnh
thng ca c th do cht c gy ra. Cht c c ch mt
s phn ng sinh ho hc, c ch chc nng ca enzym.

T cht c c th c ch hoc kch thch qu lng
cc hormon, h thn kinh hoc cc chc phn khc ca t
bo lm cho c th c nhng triu chng, phn ng khc
thng.

Gii Thiu V EDC
Cc hp cht ni tit gy nh
hng bao gm mt lot cc
lp ha cht, bao gm thuc,
thuc tr su, cc hp cht
c s dng trong ngnh
cng nghip nha v cc sn
phm tiu dng, cng nghip
cc sn phm v cht gy
nhim, v thm ch c mt s
ha cht thc vt sn xut t
nhin.






Mt s l ph bin v phn tn rng ri trong mi
trng v c th tch ly sinh hc:

Cc hp cht dai dng
Thc phm chng oxy ha
Thuc tr su
Kim loi nng
Phthalate

S xm nhp ca cht c

Cc cht c trc khi nhp vo c th, phi vt qua nhiu
hng ro bo v ca c th

S xm nhp ca cht c ph thuc vo bn cht cc hng
ro v c im phn t ca cht c

- Cch cht c xm nhp vo c th:
+ Cht c xm nhp qua da
+ c xm nhp qua ng tiu ho
+ Cht c xm nhp qua ng h hp

S Phn B Cht c
- Thuc c t l tan trong nc cao hn v d b ion ho hn, v
vy d b thi tr.

- Cn cht c hi d tan trong lipid khng b ion ho nn
thng gn mnh vo m, gy c hoc tch lu lu trong c
th.

- Trong mu, thuc gn ch yu vo phn albumin ca protein
huyt tng. Cn cc cht c thng rt a m nn li hay
gn mnh vo lipoprotein.

- S gn ny cng xy ra cc ni d tr (gan, thn, m
m,...), hoc v tr tc dng (hemoglobin, m thn kinh,...)

S Chuyn Ha Cht c

Cht c thng l nhng phn t tan c trong m,
khng b ion ho v vy d thm qua mng sinh hc, thm
nhp vo trong t bo v gi li trong c th.

Mun thi tr, nhng cht ny phi c chuyn ho thnh
cc phn t c cc, d b ion ho, do s t tan trong m,
kh gn vo protein, kh thm vo t bo, v v th, tan trong
nc, d b thi tr (qua thn, phn,...).
S o Thi Cht c
Cht c thng c thi tr khi qua chuyn ho.

- o thi cht c qua thn
- o thi cht c qua mt
- o thi cht c qua phi
- o thi cht c qua sa
C Ch Gy c c Trng Trn C Quan
hoi
t t
bo
tn
thng
ha hc
h
thn
kinh
tn
thng
h mch
v mu
suy
gim
min
dch
dng
gy qui
thai,
cht thai
nh Hng Ca Cht c
nh hng ca cht c :
- nh hng n b my tiu ha
- nh hng n h thn kinh
- nh hng n gan
- nh hng n tim mch
- nh hng n mu
- nh hng n b my h hp
- nh hng n thn
MT S CHT GY RI LON NI TIT
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)
te polybrominated diphenyl (PBDEs)
Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP)
Lead ( Pb)
Bisphenol A (BPA)
Cc cht ny c th lm thay i chc nng ni tit
ngoi ra n dn n tc dng ph trn h thng a
dng ca con ngi v ng vt hoang d .

EDCs c th nh hng n tt c cc h thng ni
tit, nh hng n chc nng ca c quan sinh sn,
cho n cc m v cc c quan iu tit s trao i
cht v cm gic

nh hng n cc h thng c th dn n bo ph,
v sinh hoc gim kh nng sinh sn, hc tp v b
nh kh khn, bnh tiu ng, bnh tim mch, hoc
thm ch l ung th
V tnh cht a m, do DDT c tim nng ln tch ly
sinh hc , c bit l trong cc loi c v lng c
DDT c hi vi mt lot cc sinh vt v nhiu loi lng c v
nhiu loi c .
N gy ra hin tng v trng mng i v kt qu l s lng
ln chim sn mi gim nghim trng Bc M v chu u

Nghin cu cho thy rng khi ngi m tip xc vi DDT
l mt yu t dn n sinh non v sinh thiu cn
Tr em trong khi trong bng m c mt nguy c gp cc
vn pht trin
Cht lng tinh dch nam gii b gim khi tip xc vi
DDT
DDT c lin quan vi vic sy thai sm
Nghin cu thng thy rng mc DDT trong mu cao
ngi ph n c th gp kh khn hn khi mang thai
Ri lon sinh sn ph n
Bt lc nam gii
Bnh tim n gii
nh hng n cht lng
trng ca ngi ph n
Gim hiu qu iu tr ha tr
liu
Tng nguy c ung th v
n gii


Can thip vo c nh m
r ca mt s loi cy trng
Gy bt thng di truyn cho
ng vt lng c v ng
vt gip xc
Cc con sng b nhim BPA
c t l c ci cao hn c c
-Ch c th gy ra mt s tc dng khng mong mun,
chng hn nh:
- S xo trn cc sinh tng hp hemoglobin v thiu
mu
- ph n mang thai, mc cao ca tip xc vi ch
c th gy ra sy thai
- Tng huyt p
- Thn b tn thng

- S gin on ca h thng thn kinh
- Mt kh nng sinh sn ca nam gii qua vic gim
cht lng ca tinh trng
- Gim kh nng hc tp ca tr em
- Ch c th xm nhp vo thai nhi qua nhau thai ca
ngi m. V th nh hng nghim trng n h
thn kinh v no b ca thai nhi.
- Chc nng t b xo trn bi s c mt ca ch ,
c bit l gn ng cao tc v t nng nghip

Nng ch trong mu t
0.00005 g/l
Tr em:
Thnh tch hc tp gim,
Gim ch s IQ,

Ngi ln:
Chc nng thn gim,
Ch trong mu b m lin quan n pht trin
ca thai gim
Nng ch trong mu t
0.0001 g/l
Tr em:
Dy th mun,
Gim tng trng sau khi sinh,
Gim ch s IQ v gim thnh lc

Ngi ln:
Tng nguy c cao huyt p
Tng t l mc cc bnh v thn
Sau s thnh cng ca tc phm ni ting Ma Xun
Im Lng c th gii cng tham gia vo chng
trnh mi trng chng li s nh hng ca ha
cht, cho mi trng tt hn

Trong nhiu nm qua, cc bi bo v kin v cc vn
sc khe sinh sn v ph v ni tit xut hin
trn bo ch v trong khoa hc ngy cng ph bin

Cc nh khoa hc, c quan chnh ph, cc nh ti tr
bt u lm vic cng nhau nghin cu s ph
v ni tit nhm ngn nga nh hng ca cc hp
cht EDC
I HC VNLANG KHOA CN&QL MI TRNG