Gene Ray

2011/09/14
Pathomicrobiology
Rare Condons
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid which mimics the nucleus o eukaryotic cells! "he nucleus in
eukaryotes are res#onsible or #rotein synthesis in the cell! "he making o the #rotein has three ste#s$
initiation% elongation and termination! "he initiation starts with the &start' codon which is ()G
*translates to +ethionine,! -ukaryote uses a #urine.rich se/uence to distinguish the start codon ()G!
"his is a s#eciic and common codon in eukaryotes but in #rokaryotes uncommon rare codons occur in
the #rotein synthesis! "he nucleoid in #rokaryotes contain 01( which houses the amino acids%
thereore the #rocess o the #rotein synthesis is slightly dierent! 2ince #rokaryotes do not use #urine.
rich se/uences the start codon in #rokaryotes is not as s#eciic as eukaryotes and can sometimes occur
with methionine or ormylmethionine! ()G is the most common codon which occurs 345 o the time
ollowed by G)G at 145 then lastly ))G which occurs at 45! G)G translates to valine and ))G to
leucine! "he tR1( associated with the rare codons are also s#arse and can sometimes cause the #rotein
#roduction to slow down or sto# it entirely!