armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

armifpk;d csdef

aoG;yifv,f
ESifh
tjcm;0wˆKwdkrsm;

1
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

pmtkyr
f w
S w
f rf;

armifpdk;csdef
aoG ; yif v ,f ES i h f tjcm;0wˆ K wd k r sm;

rlydkif
opP m awmf v S e f a &; pmaywk d u f

tkyfa&
1000

xkwfa0ESpf
2009 ck E S p f puf w if b m

yHkESdyf
xk d i f ; Ed k i f i H - rJ a qmuf

jzef@csd
opP m awmf v S e f a &; pmaywk d u f

2
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

xk w f a 0ol r sm; pm&if ;

*syef - wdu k sKd

rS
cif (uk;d oH;k vH;k )
rjzLjzLrGef

ESifh

*syef - &SpDd t k u kd m
rS
opömtiftm;pk0if ESpOf ;D jzpfonfh
ukpd ikd ;f avmifred ;f ouf
uk0d if;jrihOf ;D

3
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

aus;Zl ; wif rS w f w rf ; v$ m

aoG;yifv,f 0wˆKwdkpkpnf;r_ukd xkwfa0&mwGif trSma&;ay;cJhonfh q&m

armifpGrf;&nfESihf rsufESmzHk;vuf&mukd zefwD;cs,fr_ef;onfh yef;csDq&m ukdoD[armifarmif/
pmtkyjf yifqifay;aom ukx d eG ;f atmif(ukpd ;kd )wd@k tm; txl;yif aus;Zl;wifa=umif; tav;euf
azmfjytyfygonf?
xdek nf;wl vGecf ohJ nhf 2008 uwnf;u t&if;tES;D rwnf+yD; xkwaf 0&ef óupm;
cJah omfvnf; ta=umif;a=umif;a=umihf T0wˆKwdpk pk nf;r_udk rxkwaf 0Ekid cf o hJ jzihf arwWm&yfcH
awmif;yefcJh&onfh *syef(wdkusKd)rS cif(udk;oHk;vHk;)/ rjzLjzLrGefESihf udkpdkif;avmifrdef;ouf
wd@k tm;vnf;aumif;/ atmifatmifjrifjrif xkwaf 0jzpf&eftwGuf vufwavmvdt k yfcsufudk
ulnDjznfhpnf;cJhonf@ ukd0if;jrifhOD;tm; vnf;aumif;/ ar#mfvifhcsufuif;pGm av;a,muf
tiftm;jzihf pkpnf; xkwaf 0ay;cJ=h uonht f wGuf aus;Zl;wifIrqH;k a=umif; azmfjyjcif;jzihf
rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf/
ArmpmayavmuxJwGif rdcifwkdif;jynf.jynfyY pma&;q&m wpfa,mufjcif;.
0wˆKwdrk sm;ukjd zpfap/ pma&;q&mrsm;. 0wˆKwdv k uf&mrsm;ukyd ifjzpfap pkpnf;xkwaf 0r_@rSm
r&Sdoavmuf &Sm;yg;aeonfhtcdkufwGif xkwfa0ol/ pmcspfol/ rdwfaqGrsm;taejzifh tcGihf
ta&;w&yfukd vufvGwfrcHyJ xkwfa0cJhonhftwGufvnf; tH=oav;pm;jcif;ESihftwl
=unfEl;0rf;omcJh&ygonf? onhftwGuf xyfrHI aus;Zl;wifpum; qdkyg&ap? ?

armifpdk;csdef
pma&;ol
-o*kwf 27/ 2009

4
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

armifpdk;csdef
wdkuf}uD;òrdŒe,f &if;wdkufuGif;wdkufe,f? acsmif;usKd;aus;&GmwGif tz
OD;csdef/ trd a':odkif;òcHwkd@u 1949/ rwfv 14 wGif arG;zGm;onf? trnf&if;
OD;atmifjrifhpdk;jzpfonf? awmfvSefa&;orm;/ EdkifiHa&;orm;jzpfcJhol/ ukefonf/
v,form;jzpfco hJ /l pmaytEkynm rsK;d aphcsay;cJoh /l zcifukd *k%ðf yaomtm;jzifh
tzemrnfudk,lum “armifpdk;csdef” uavmiftrnfudkwyfcJhonf? qif;&J
v,form;rS arG;zGm;vmcJo h ?l arG;csi;f av;a,mufteuf 'kw, d ? jynfwiG ;f ppfumv t&if;&Siaf cwfEiS hf
zufqpfppftkyfpkacwfwGif v,form;/ tvkyform;/ ausmif;q&m/ EdkifiHa&;orm;/ vufeufudkif
awmfvSefa&;wGif yg0ifcJhol? armifpdk;csdeftjyif zvHk- atmifjrifhpdk;/ oufudkudk/ pdk;jrifh=unf/
xGef;vif;atmif/ at;jrESif;&nf/ xl;wifh ponfh uavmifcGJrsm;ESifh pma&;cJhol æ
1973/ ar xkwf “±kyf&Siftðraw” r*~Zif;wGifazmfjycH&onfh “ tEkynmqdkonfrSm ”
tzGifhuAsmonf yHkESdyfpmvHk;jzifh pwifazmfjycH&onfh uAsmjzpfonf? aiGwm&D/ rdk;a0pmayr*~Zif;/ ±_r0/
aomif;ajymif;axGvm/ *Dwya'om/ [efopf/ tdyfrufzl; r*~Zif;wdk@wGif 0wˆKESifh uAsmrsm;a&;cJhonf?
79 ckESpfrsm;wGif tpOfwpdkufa&;cJhaom r*~Zif;rSm rdk;a0pmayr*~Zif; jzpfonf? xm;0,faumvdyf
r*~Zif;wGif t,f'Dwm/ xkwfa0oljzpfcJh?
ppftm%m&Sifpepf qef@usif ±kef;uefonfh 1974 ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_/ 75 tvkyform;
v_y&f mS ;r_wiG yf g0ifco hJ ?l 1977 rS 1989 txd &efuek w f uUov kd (f yifr)/ vkyo
f m;rsm;aumvdy/f jrpf}uD;em;
'D*&DaumvdyfESifh xm;0,faumvdyfwdk@wGif '\eduaA'Xme q&mtjzpf pmoifcJhol? 88 ta&;
awmfyHkumv wuUodkvfESifh aumvdyfausmif;q&mrsm; or*~wGif tr_aqmiftzGJ@0if? vkyfom;rsm;
aumvdyf ausmif;om;or*~zGJ@pOfu yg0ifcJhol? Auo“vl@abmifopf 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD”udk xlaxmif
pOf EdkifiHa&; OD;aqmiftzGJ@Y tzGJ@acgif;aqmiftjzpf wifajr‡mufjcif;cH& (88-89)? vufeufudkif
awmfvSefa&;xJ yg0ifcJh (1989 Zlvdkif 27)
“pmayESifh tEkynm&Sifrsm;uvyf ” udk rme,fyavmwGif zGJ@pnf;=upOf taxGaxG twGif;
a&;rSL;tjzpf wifajr‡mufjcif;cH& (1991 azazmf0g&D 28)? pmayuvmyfu opPm&DAsL;xkwfa0pOf
wm0efcHt,f'Dwm/ t,f'DwmtzGJ@0iftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhol (1991-1992)? tar&duefodk@ a&muf
vmpOf(1994/ 'DZifbm) uAsm/ 0wˆK/ aqmif;yg;wdk@udk a&;om;xkwfa0cJh? a&;om;xkwfa0cJhonfh
uAsmpmtkyfrsm;rSm udk,fpm;ðy usnfzl;awG (1991)? vSyaom aoewfoH(1998)? rkefwdkif; rD;awmif
awG(1999 Zefe0g&D)? cHppfaEG xdktvS (1999 'DZifbm)? tcspfvrif; (2002 'DZifbm)? xdk@aemuf
opPm ysm;&nfpufawGEiS hf tjcm;0wWKrsm;(2003 rwfv)? aemuf qufvufxw k af 0rnfh pmtkyrf sm;rSm
aEGOD;xdk;ppf æ okd@ æ tvGrf; (uAsm)? Armjynf ajr,mjy\em (ppfwrf;)? 'Drdkua&pD ckcHawmfvSefppf
(aqmif;yg;aygif;csKyf) wdk@jzpfonf?
“ ArmjynftrsKd;om; vli,frsm;tzGJ@csKyf (tar&duef)” tzGJ@tpnf;wGif EdkifiHa&;tzGJ@/
tzGJ@acgif;aqmiftjzpf (2000 rS ,ck txd)/ opPmawmfvSefa&; pmayr*~Zif;wGif wm0efcHt,f'Dwm
(2004 rS ,ckxd)aqmif&GufqJ?
5
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

rmwd u m
'*kefwm&m æ 0wˆKoabmw&m;
armifpGrf;&nf æ trSm
pma&;ol. æ trSm
1? vdu k cf yhJ g&ap uku d dk æ
2? nrsm;ukd jzwfoef;jcif; æ
3? aoG;yifv,f æ
4? tcspw f @dk . aumuf±;kd tdrf æ
5? azazhtwGuf æ +yD;awmh æ
6? roef;. ppfa&;'Dru kd a&pD æ
7? ta&SŒbufurf;odk@ wifydk@jcif; æ
8? arSmv f ufyikd &f iS f æ
9? yGifhaºuGawmu yef;av;yGifh æ
10? wdrfwkdufawGxJu rD;v#H æ
11? tarSmifn. rD;yGifhrsm; æ
12? ol&aJ umif;. n æ
13? wap>trd rf uf æ
14? emwm&Snf æ
15? tarG æ
16? opPmysm;&nfpufawG æ
17? ESi;f 0wf&nf æ

6
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

'*kew
f m&m. 0wˆKoabmw&m;

(u)
pma&;q&mrsm; bma=umifh pma&;=uovJ[laom ykp>monf pdwf0ifpm;zG,f aumif;
ayonf? pma&;q&mrsm;. b0ukd avhvmv#if ,if;tajz vrf;a=umif;onf &Si;f vif;jywfom;
vmayrnf? pma&;q&m. b0qdk&mY vlr_qufqHa&;b0ukd qdkjcif;jzpfayonf?
aiGa=u;twGuf a&;om;=uoavm? tbd"rRmq&m}uD; um;vrwfu pma&;&ef
twGuf touf&iS &f efjzpfI touf&iS &f eftwGuf pma&;&ef r[kwaf y[k qdb
k ;l onf? pma&;v#if
aiGa=u;&&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; aiGa=u;&&eftwGuf pma&;&rnf r[kwaf y[k t"dyg` ,x f u
G o
f nf?
wu,f vufawG@rsm;ukd=unhfu pma&;q&mrsm;Y trsKd;rsKd;aom &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd awG@&
ayonf? pma&;q&mwdkif; aiGa=u;twGuf[k rqdkEkdifay?
Ú Ú Ú Ú Ú

tEkynmY tajccHtcsufrSm ‘azmfjyr_’ jzpfonf? pma&;q&monf pma&;&mY rdrd

&ifwGif;Y&Sdaom a0'emukd azmfxkwf jyovdkufjcif;jzpfonf? ,if;ukd azmfjyr_[k ac:=uonf?
pma&;q&mrsm; a&;=uaom pmayrsm; wckESihfwck jcm;em;=uonf? uGJjym;=uonf? tqif
taoG; rwl=uonf qdkonfrSm ,if;pma&;q&m toD;oD;. vlr_qufqHa&; b0rsm; rwl=u
aoma=umifh jzpfayonf? ,if;od@k pma&;q&mrsm;. vlrq _ ufqaH &;b0rsm; rwl=uaoma=umihf
olwdk@. cHpm;r_ a0'emrsm;vnf; rwl=uawmhay? cHpm;r_ a0'emukd a&;xkwaf om tEkynm
yHo
k ¿mefrsm;vnf; rwl=uawmhay?
oZifoif;jyefawmh - pm 255/ 256

(c)
pma&;q&monf pmayw&yfukd zGJ@EGJ@&mY ol.cHpm;r_/ ol.b0tawG@tóuH/ olae
aom ywf0ef;usif/ oljzwfoef;aom acwfwkd@ukd azmfjy+rJjzpfonf? cHpm;r_ukd azmfjyjcif;xuf
b0tawG@tóuHukd azmfjyjcif;u us,fjyef@onf? olaeaom ywf0ef;usifukd o±kyfazmfv#if
ydkI us,fjyef@onf? oljzwfoef;aom acwfukd azmfjyv#ifum; tus,fjyef@qHk; jzpfawmhonf?
acwfukdazmfjy&mY pma&;q&mwa,mufonf acwfwacwfvHk;ukd jynfhpHkatmif
jc,fa&;Ekid rf nf r[kwaf y? acwf. ta&;awmfyrkH sm;Y ud,
k w
f ikd u
f ,
dk u
f s yg0ifaom olwa,muf
jzpfonfxm;OD; olonf ta&;awmfy. kH ae&mtm;vH;k Y wòydief ufwnf; yg0ifEidk of nf r[kwaf y?
7
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

olyg0ifaom ta&;awmfyHk. wae&m/ wa'o/ odk@r[kwf wv$m/ wXmeYomv#if yg0ifEkdifay

vdrfhrnf? odk@aomf ta&;awmfyHkw&yfvHk; òcHiHkrdatmifum; ol. tawG@tóuHukd rlwnfI
tjcm;olrsm;/ tjcm;a'o/ tjcm;XmerS tjzpftysufrsm;ukdyg pkaqmif;I o±kyfazmf&ayrnf?
acwf. ta&;awmfyrkH sm;Y uk,d w f idk u
f ,
kd u
f s yg0ifaom pma&;q&mrsm;u bufpkH a&;Ekid =f uv#if
um; olw@dk . toD;oD;aom yHu k m;csyrf sm;ukd pkaygi;f qufpyfum a&mifpkH zefp/D rSepf D jrifuiG ;f us,f
eH&Hum;csyf}uD; wcktjzpf/ ordkif;0if &opmay/ o±kyfazmfpmaytjzpf zwf±_ Ekdif=uayvdrfhrnf?
Ú Ú Ú Ú Ú

‘pma&;q&monf &mZ0ifq&m r[kwf&’ [laom t,ltqw&yf &Sdonf?

u|eaf wmfw@kd u pma&;q&monf ‘&mZ0ifq&m’[k ,lqonf? ,ae@acwfopfY Ttcsuo f nf
ydkIcdkifrmvmonf? ,ae@acwfopfum; awmfvSefa&;acwf jzpfonf? awmfvSefa&;acwf
jzpfojzifh awmfvSefa&;tiftm;ESihf awmfvSefa&; qef@usifbuf tiftm;wdk@onf tiftm;csif;
òydifvsuf&Sd=uonf? u|efawmfwdk@onf rnfonhf tiftm;zufu &yf=urnfenf;? awmfvSefa&;
qef@usib f ufEiS fh awmfveS af &;buf/ ppfzufEiS fh +ird ;f csr;f a&;buf? rnfonfb h ufu &yf=urnfenf;?
"e&SifbufrS pma&;q&mrsm;onf &mZ0ifukd vdrf&ef óud;pm;=uonf? jynfolwkd@.
awmfveS af &;tcef;ukd zH;k uG,=f uonf? zH;k uG,I f r&v#if arS;rSed &f ef óud;pm;=uonf? yHyk ef;zsuI
f
=oZmcs=uonf?
xkt
d cg &mZ0ifudk vdrv f nf&efóud;pm;=uaom awmfveS af &; qef@usib f uf tiftm;pk
rsm;ESihf zufòydifI jynfolwkd@. awmfvSefa&;(0g)trsKd;om; vGwfvyfa&;/ 'Drdkua&pDa&;/ +idrf;csrf;
a&;/ qd&k ,S v
f pfa&; v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;ukd rSww
f rf;wif&ef vdv k mayonf? xd@k a=umihyf ifv#if awmfveS f
a&;acwfY pma&;q&m/ txl;ojzihf acwfukdo±kyfazmfaom 0wˆKa&;q&monf jynfol@bufrS
&mZ0ifa&;ol(0g) vlr_a&;&mZ0ifq&mvnf; jzpf&ayrnf?
oZifoif;jyefawmh - pm 292/ 293/ 294

(*)
0wˆKukd tuJjzwf=u&mYum; b0 tawG@tóuHrsm;ESihf n‡d=unhf=u&onf? &mZ0if
acwfESihf qef;ppf=uonf? o±kyfazmfbufuvm;? pdwful;,OfuJovm;? obm0usvGef;
aeovm;? b,fvlwef;pm;bufu &yfwnfovJukdum; rarh=u? rnfonhftiftm;pkukd
tusKd;ðyovJ?
wcgw&H 0wˆKwyk'wf nf;ESifh tcsed u
f ek o
f mG ;awmhonf? 0wˆKrmS acwfux
dk if[yfay&m
u|efawmfwdk@onf tjyifbufrS tajctaeukd 0wˆKxJrSm &Sm=u&onf? wae@wae@ vkyfp&m
r&So
d jzihf pmukd txyfxyfzwfxm;rd=uonf? pmvH;k aemufrS tbd"rRmonf ajy;IrvGwaf wmh?
pma&;q&m. &ifckefoHukd pmvHk;rSwqifh prf;rd=uonf? pmzwfolukd vdrfIr&?
oZifoif;jyefawmh - pm 231
8
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

(C)

pma&;q&monf ta=umif;t&mESihf tEkynm yHko¿mefjy\emukd ajz&Sif;ae=u

&onf? ta=umif;t&mopfw&yfukd udkifvmv#if ,if;ESihfoifhawmftHusrnfh tEkynm
yHo
k ¿mefudk &Sm&p+rJjzpfonf? tHusatmif cufcufccJ /J od@k r[kwf tvG,w f ul acsmacsmarmarm
oGif;&onf? cufcufcJcJ oGif;&onfhtcg vdkwdk;/ ydkavsmh? vSD;&/ jzwf&onf? Tum; obm0?
vlaumif}uD;vmv#if tusu ô dk csŒJ &onf? yHu
k jdk yif&onf? &Sn&f / wd&k / ðyjyif&onf? yHu
k dk ajymif;ay;
&onf? ta=umif;t&mopfI yHko¿mefopf&onf qdkonfrSm ,if;oabmrsKd;jzpfonf?
acwftajctaeukd ay:vGix f if&mS ;atmif azmfjyrnfqakd omfvnf; ,if;ESiv fh u
kd af om
yHok ¿mefudk &Sm&p+rJjzpfonf? acwftajctae[laom ta=umif;t&m. ae&mu}uD;I 0ifvm
oavmuf Zmwfvrf;ae&mukd vS;D &/ jzwf&/ vkyyf pf&onf? av#myh pf&onf? Zmwfvrf; Zmwfuu G u
f dk
tom;ay;ygu rdrad zmfjycsiaf om acwftajctae(0g) Ekid if aH &; ta=umif;t&mrSm ray:bJ rSed af e
wwfonf?
Ú Ú Ú Ú Ú

tEkynm yHok ¿mefopfw&yfudk twnfðyay;&mum; pmzwfojl zpfonf? pmzwfou

l
ESpfoufvufcHv#if ,if;yHko¿mef w&yfwnf; wnf+rJcdkifrmvmayrnf?
oZifoif;jyefawmh - pm 298/ 299

(i)
tEkynmonf wae&mwnf;Y wef@Irae/ &SifoefpD;qif;aom obm0&Sdonf?
0wˆKonfvnf; &Sifoefaeaom pmaytEkynmjzpfonf? acwf. vdktyfcsufrsm;ESihftnD
tEkynm yHko¿mefwdk@onf ajymif;vJvmp+rJ jzpfonf?
,ae@acwfY pmayonf awmfveS af &;. vufeufwckjzpfonf? 0wˆKonf ,Ofaus;r_
awmfvSefa&;Y vufeufpGrf;wck jzpfonf?
oZifoif;jyefawmh - pm 296

'*k e f w m&m

9
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

armif p G r f ; &nf trS m

armifpdk;csdefaexdkif&m zdk@wf0def;òrdŒ (tif'D;,m;em;) ukd usaemfa&mufoGm;wmu 2003 ckESpf

ZEM0g&D aemufq;kH ywfxrJ mS jzpfygw,f? ukpd ;kd csed u f pmay0goem tvGe@f udk }uD;yH&k w,f? pmayawmifrS
EdkifiHa&; tawG;tac:ygwJh pmayudkyJ pdwf0ifpm;w,f? “0wˆK”“uAsm” qdkwJh pum;vHk;awGeJ@twl
“awmfveS af &;” qdw k hJ pum;vH;k udv k nf; E_wu f rcsygb;l ? 'Dvkd pmay0goem }u;D vGe;f vd@k vyJ J jynfya&muf
pma&;q&m 'kuQonfawGudk ol@tdrfrSmvmaezdk@ r&&atmif zdwfac:w,f? wifrdk;/ armifopfqif;/
armifpGrf;&nfwdk@udk ol@tdrfrSmaeapw,f? 0ifaiGr±Sd&if tvum; au|;xm;w,f? ol@q&m wifrkd;udk
qdk&if rkdifaygif;axmifcsDa0;wJh wae@c&D;udk um;armif;+yD; oGm;ac:w,f? e,l;a,mufuae zdk@wf0def;udk
“um;wif”oGm;w,f? usaemf a&mufvmw,f =um;awmhvJ a'umbf (csDum*dkteD;) oHk;em&Dc&D;udk
um;eJ@vmóudw,f?
usaemfw@kd a&mufomG ;awmh tvkycf sed u f vG&J if pma=umif;aya=umif;yJ ajymw,f? toHzrf;
pufe@J rSww f rf;wifvu dk /f rSwpf pk mtkyx
f J vduk af &;vdu
k ef @J t+rw
J rf; tvky±f y_ af ew,f? oDcsi;f qd&k ifvnf;
rSwfwrf;wifwmygyJ? pma&;q&mawG ta=umif;/ pmtkyfawGta=umif;/ pmay a0zefa&;ta=umif;eJ@
pmay oabmw&m;awGudk ar;vkd@jref;vdk@/ rSwfvdk@rqHk;Edkifygbl;? oludk,fwkdifu jrefrmjynfrSmwkef;u
rd;k a0r*~Zif;rSm uavmifaoG;cJ+h yD; '\eduaA' r[m0dZm… wef;twGuf pmaya0zefa&; usr;f wapmifvJ
ðypkcJh+yD;+yD? usaemfu eJeJav#mhzdk@ wdkuf±dkufa&m/ oG,f0dkuf+yD;awmha&m ajymrdwwfygw,f? udkb*srf;
(wifrdk;) ua&m usaemfyg ol@udk pwJhaemufwJh uAsmawGvnf; a&;zl;w,f? aemufawmh udkb*srf;u
'Dvdk pdwfxufoefwJhvlrsdK;[m ajymvdk@&r,fh vlpm;rsdK;r[kwfbl;? odyfajymraeygeJ@? olvkyfcsifwm
vkyfygapvdk@yJ ajymvmygw,f?
usaemfwdk@eJ@omru udk0if;cuf/ udk0if;az/ rmrmat;wkd@ a&mufvm&ifvnf; ol@tdrfrSmyJ
aeapcsifw,f? wnf;cdkapcsifw,f? vmcsif&if um;eJ@óuday;r,f? oGm;csif&m um;eJ@vkdufydk@ay;r,f?
wifrdk;eJ@ 0if;cufwkd@u aq;vdyfeJ@yg;pyf wyfae&rS aevdk@xdkifvdk@&wJh vlawGyg? olwdk@rD;cdk;vHk;awGu
tawmfus,fwJh tcef;udkawmif r_dif;0atmif vkyfEdkifygw,f? oludk,fwdkifu aq;vdyfrD;cdk; t,fvm*sd
&SdoljzpfwJhtjyif ol@orD;av; 10 ESpfatmuft±G,fukdvJ rD;cdk;eH@ rcHapvkdol jzpfygw,f? 'gha=umifh
orD;av;udk tdrftay:xyfrSm wHcg;ydwfxm;+yD; oludk,fwkdifu acgif;udkufaysmufaq;aomuf+yD;
“w&m;em” ygw,f?
wu,fawmh ckrSmomr[kwf? xdkif;Arme,fpyfrSm aevmuwnf;u 0wˆKa&;q&m
Edkif0if;aqGwkd@eJ@vJ tJ'DvkdyJ pmayaqG;aEG;vkduf/ EdkifiHa&;aqG;aEG;vdkuf/ pmapmifawG pmtkyfawGxkwfzdk@
pdik ;f jyif;vku
d ef @J ‘aqmufwnf&mr&’ qd&k ravmuf wufºuGcw hJ mvd@k =um;&zl;ygw,f? pma&;q&mawG
pmaypum; ajymolawGe@J om ae&/ xdik &f / pum;ajymae&r,fq&kd if wjcm;vlawGe@J pum;rajymawmh?
pma&;q&mawGxJrSm olxdyfwef;xm;+yD; zwf±_avhvmcJhwmu '*kefwm&m/ Aef;armf
wifatmif/ jroef;wifhpwJh jynfol@pmay0g'DawG? txl;ojzifh '*kefwm&m? q&mwm&m&JΠpmawGudk
10
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

usaemfwkd@vJ ESpfoufygw,f? vlcsif;vJ nDtudkvkd wlt&D;vdk aevmcJh=uwmyg? usaemfwdk@u ausmif;

q&mawG jzpfaevdk@vm;rod? ol@&JŒ Ek±GwJh a&;[efudkawmhjzifh usaemfwkd@ pmawGxJrSm ul;pufrvmyg?
udkpdk;csdefuvJ q&mygyJ? 'gayrJh wuUodkvfu '\eduq&myg? 'gha=umifhvm; rod? ol@rSmawmh q&m
wm&mwkd@t&dyfu odyf+yD;v$rf;rdk;aew,fvdk@ usaemfxifygw,f? 'gha=umifh ol@udkajym&ygw,f?
“odyfrEkeJ@Asmvdk@”? oludk,fwkdifu ol@pmawGudk a0zefr_cH,lcsifa=umif; awmif;qdkvkd@vJ 'DvdkajymcJh&
wmyg? oli,fcsif; wifrkd;uawmh ajym&Smyg&JŒ? &,f&,farmarmeJ@ygyJ?“udkpdk;csdefaemf æ tJ'D a0zefa&;
q&mu odyf+yD; tvkdufuef;qdk;odwm r[kwfbl;”wJh?
udkpkd;csdefu v,form;om;yg? v,fuGif;±$HŒ!$efawGxJrSm csnfvHkcsnfpkwfeJ@ ±kef;uef tvkyf
vkyfvmolyg? q&mwm&mu ajr&Sif&JŒom;yg? ydk;vHkcsnf woufvHk;0wf+yD; pEN&m;cvkwf ESdyfwmxuf
yifyef;wJhtvkyfudk vkyfzl;olr[kwfyg? usaemfwdk@ ol@udk =unfndKwmu ol@&JŒa0zefpm/ ol@uAsmawGeJ@
ol@&yfwnfcsufyg? zdESdyfol tm%m&SifawGudk woufvHk; rsufESmcsdKaoG;cJhol r[kwfbJ &ef-igpnf;jcm;
aeEdkifcJhwmudk av;pm;wmyg? ol&JΠpmaytrsm;qHk;u ynmwwfawGudk ypfrSwfxm;wJh tvSaA'
'\eawGyg? ol@pmawGudk v,form;/ tvkyform;awGu zwf±_em;vnfEkdifr,f rxifyg? udkpkd;csdef
a&;aewJh pmay? txl;ojzifh 0wˆKawG[m trsm;jynfolawGvnf; zwf&r,fh pmrsdK;awGyg? tcspf/
tvGrf;/ tEktvS ork',awG r[kwfyg? v,form;awGb0/ e,fjcm;u 'kuQonfawGb0/ wkdufyGJ0if
&JabmfawGb0/ qif;&Jom;awGb0yJ? ol@pmtrsm;pk[m ol@ tawG@tóuHeJ@rdk@om a&;Ekdifwmyg? wjcm;
jynfwGif;u pma&;q&mawG a&;EdkifrSmr[kwfovdk a&;csifvJ r&EkdifwJhpmrsdK;awGyg? pmayavmurSm
ta=umif;t&mopfawG tvGefwefzdk;&Sdygw,f? 'Dta=umif;t&mawG trsm;pku Ekjr&SwwJh pum;vHk;
yef;yGifhav;awGeJ@ odyfr[yfrdbl;vdk@ xifygw,f? 'gha=umifh ol@udkt&ifwcg 0wˆKwdkaygif;csKyfrSmwkef;u
owday;cJhwmyg?
ckwcg 0wˆKwkdawGrSmvJ ta=umif;t&mawGu wrlxl;jcm; qef;opfygw,f? 'gayrJh Oyrm
wck a±G;ajymyg&ap? v,folr}uD;u vlqdk;"g;jyudk&ifqdkifzdk@ ol@&JŒom;vSD;"g;udk aumuf,l udkifqkyf
vdkufwmudk a&;&rSm“&Sjr"g;”udk udkifqkyfvdkufw,fvkd@ a&;xm;ygw,f? xufvSwJh om;vSD;"g;udk
aumufudkifvkdufwmvdk@ em;vnfayrJh “&Sjr” qdkwJhpum;a=umifh tm±Hku ab;a&mufoGm;&ygw,f?
udkpdk;csdef&JŒ 0wˆKawG[m tm;vHk;qef;opf+yD; tzdk;wefygw,f? tar&duefrdwfaqG tvkyf
orm;wOD;&JŒb0udk a&;xm;wm[m txl;aumif;ygw,f? tJ'Dvdk0wˆKawG rsm;rsm;a&;ay;ygvdk@
wdkufwGef;csifygw,f? 0wˆKrSm uAsmqefqef zGJ@wmawG t&ifwtkyfrSmxuf avsmhvmcJhvkd@ 0rf;om
ygw,f?
aumif;w,fAsKd Œæ udpk ;kd csed ?f qufvyk yf g? a0zefo&l ŒJ OmOfuakd wmh cGiv
hf w
$ yf g? aumif;oxuf
aumif;apcsifvdk@ ±dk;±kd; trSmpmr[kwfbJ a0zefa&;trSmpmudk a&;vdkuf&ygw,f? uavmifopfawGvJ
oifcef;pm &apcsifvdk@yg? trSmpm a&;cGifh&wm aus;Zl;wifygw,f?

armif p G r f ; &nf
2008/ atmufwkdbm 20
11
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

pma&;ol\ trSm

1988 - 89 jynfwGif; vl@abmifopfygwDwGif 'Drdkua&pDESifh vGwfvyfa&;twGuf

v_yf±Sm;&if; tE W&m,fu aemufa=umwGif a&mufvmonf? zufqpfu tE W&m,fay;&ef toifh
jzpfaecsed w
f iG f vufeufuikd f awmfveS af &;a'ood@k xGuv f mcJ&h onf? axmifxrJ mS wku d yf 0JG ifrvm;/
vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;jzifh wdkufyGJ0ifrvm;? aemufawmh ,wdjywf qHk;jzwfvdkufonf?
trSeu f 1975 uwnf;u vufeufuikd f awmfveS af &;a'ood@k vdu k cf &hJ ef u|eaf wmf&h aJ bmfuac:onf?
v_y±f mS ;vk@d &aeao;ojzifh rvduk jf zpf? 89 wGif v_y±f mS ;I r&Edik af wmhonft h qH;k olyek v f yk zf @kd awmxJ
a&mufvmcJhawmhwmygyJ?
usaemfhvufxJwGif t0wfwpHkyJ ygvmonf? ±kyf0wˆKypPnf;qdkI bmwckrSygrvmcJh?
,lvmvkd@vJrjzpf? usaemfESifh wygwnf; uyfwG,fygvmcJhonfh t&mrsm;rSm 0wˆKrsm;yifjzpfonf?
xyfajym&v#if 0wˆKwkd/ 0wˆK&Snfrsm;udk arG;zGm;ay;rnfh ta=umif;t&mrsm;? tjzpftysufrsm;?
cHpm;r_rsm;? pdwful; ±kyfyHkv$mrsm;? txl;ojzifh orkdif;qdkif&m Zmwfaumifrsm;? wdkufyGJxJu
vlxk±kyfyHkv$mrsm;? 1973 - 74 - 75 - 76 ausmif;om;/ tvkyform; v_yf±Sm;r_ ±kyfyHkv$mrsm;u
&ifx/J OD;aESmuf/ tonf;v$mwGif wifuse&f pfq/J 88 ta&;awmfyu kH xyfIaqmif;vdu k af vonf?
OD;aESmuf uGeyf sLwm±Sd tcef;i,fuav;rsm;wGif xd0k wˆKrsm;/ uAsmrsm;onf jynfah rmufvmcJo h nf?
&ifwckv;kH onf jynfI h armufv#cH o hJ nfy?J tdk æ a&;p&mawG trsm;}uD;ygvm;? at;csr;f om,mpGm
tem;,l&if; 0wˆKawG a&;csvdkufcsifonf?
at;csrf;om,mpGm tem;,lzdk@/ pmxdkifa&;zdk@ b0u tcGifhtvef; ray;cJhyg? b0u
tcsdK;tauG@rsm;oavmuf cuf=urf;rma=umaeavonf? awmwGif;a&mufvmpOf vufeufudkif
awmfveS af &;twGi;f oabmw&m;wdu k yf rJG sm;u xlajymvmonf? a&SŒqH;k rS uk, d w f ikd yf g0ifc&hJ onf?
&efolESifhaphpyfa&;/ a=uat;a&;/ typftcwf&yfpJa&;ESifh &efolESifhraphpyfpwrf; atmifyGJtxd
qufwdkufvdkol tiftm;pkwkd@t=um; }uD;rm;onfh yËdyuQESifhóuH&onf? vlxkudk opPmazmuf+yD;
awmfvSefa&;udk opPmazmufonfh azmufjyefonfh tzGJ@tpnf;tjzpf r&yfwnfvdkolawGuwzuf
awmfvSefa&; vkyfpm;vdkolESifh tacsmiform;u wzuf? awmfvSefa&;xJwGif qkwfvrf;r&Sday?
xdkwdkufyGJxJwGif cspfpGmaom&Jabmfwdk@ touftpaw;cH=u&onf? TtjctaersdK;wGif e,fpyf
rsOf;udkausmfum jynfyokd@ acwWa&mufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? tajccs/ taeus&ef wwd,EkdifiHodk@
xGufvmcJhjcif;r[kwf? 'guaocsmonf?
u|eaf wmf b,fuakd &mufa&muf xyf=uyfruGm vku d yf gvmcJo h nfh t&mrsm;rSm apmapm
u ajymcJhonfh wdkufyGJtawG@tóuHrsm;/ orkdif;tawG@tóuHrsm;/ vlxk. vlr_b0 tajctaersm;/
cHpm;csufrsm;jzpfonfh a'goESifha=uuGJr_rsm;/ ,Hk=unfcsufESifh pdwf"gwfrsm;jzpfonf? tcspfESifh
12
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

trke;f rsm;jzpfonf? xdt

k &mrsm;udk usaemfyikd q
f ikd x
f m;avonf? xkt d &mrsm;jzifo
h m ºuG,0f aeav
onf? odk@aomftcsdefu qif;&JvGef;vSonf? t&if;&Sifpuf±HkxJwGif ukefypPnf;rsm; xkwfvkyfpOf
tvkyfvkyf&onfh/ vkyftm;ukd n‡pfxkwfa&mif;pm;ae&onfh tvkyform;? puf±Hk 4 ±HkxJwGif 12
ESpftwGif; vSnfhvnf vkyftm;a&mif;cspm;cJhonfh tawG@tóuHrsm;um; usaemf. tawG@tóuH
cHpm;r_ b¾mwdkufxJodk@ ckefv$m; 0ifa&mufvmcJh=ujyefonf?
aus;vufv,form;b0/ ausmif;om;b0/ òrdŒjy atmufajctvkyform; eif;jym;b0/
wuUov kd qf &mb0/ awmfveS af &;orm;b0/ Ekid if aH &;orm;b0/ uAsm;a&;ol/ pma&;ol/ t,f'w D m
b0/ e,fpyfa&muf t,f'Dwmb0/ aemufqHk; puf±Hktvkyform;b0/ b,fb0rSmyJaeae/ b,f
b0ukyd aJ &mufa&muf b0ukjd rwfE;kd um ±ke;f uefvy_ &f mS ;cJo
h nf? b0ukd opPmrazmufco hJ r# usaemfh
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a&;jc,fcJhaom 0wˆKwdk/ 0wˆK&Snfrsm;rSm tzdESdyftjc,fvS,fcH vlxk.b0ukd a&;jc,fjcif;om
jzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzihf &mZ0ifukd a&;jc,frdvsufom; jzpfaecJhonf?

rsuaf rSmufumv acwfòyid f vlx±k yk yf v kH m$ / vlxb

k 0ukd 0wˆKpmayyHpk jH zifh o±kyaf zmfro d nf?
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zGJ@pnf;cJhonfvnf;&Sdonf? uAsmpmtkyf 5 tkyf xkwfa0cJh&m xdkuAsmtoD;oD;wGif vlxkb0ukd
xif[yfjc,focJhonf? rkefwdkif;rD;awmifawG uAsm&SnfzGJ@pnf;r_Y ypPnf;rJhv,fulvDrsm;/ tzdESdyfcH/
aoG;pkwfcH v,form;xk}uD;. b0±kef;uefr_ESihf vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJukd oDukH;xm;jcif;jzpfonf?
ppftm%m&Sifpepf zsufodrf;a&;ESihf vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJ? wenf;tm;jzihf 88 awmfvSefa&;wGif
v,form;xk v_yf&Sm;yg0ifyHkukd zGJ@EGJ@xm;jcif;jzpfonf?
,ck 0wˆKwdkpkpnf;r_ “aoG;yifv,fESifh tjcm;0wˆKwdkrsm;”wGifvnf; acwfòydifcHpm;r_/
acwfòydiv f x
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kH m$ wd@k udk a&;zG@J &mY awmfveS af &;ausmif;om;/ v,form;/ tvkyo f rm;/ e,fpyf
+cHpnf;±kd;ukd ausmf0ifvmonhf ppfab;'kuQonfrsm;/ ysHus tvkyform;rsm; ponfwdk@yg0ifonf?
qdck +hJ yD;onfth wdik ;f 0wˆKa&;p&m ta=umif;t&mrsm;/ cHpm;r_rsm;&Sad ecJo h nfw
h ikd f usaemfph wd Ef v
S ;kH ukd
xm0& v$rf;rdk; E_d;aqmfaeonfh Zmwfaumifrsm;ukd OD;pGmyxr a&;jc,frdonf? wu,fu pGJpGJ
vef;vef; rSwx f ifaecJo h nfh Zmwfaumifrsm;u OD;aESmufqv J rf smuwqifh pD;qif;um &ifyiG ahf tmif
cHpm;apcJh&mrS pum;vHk;rsm; jzpfvmcJhonf? pum;vHk;rsm;onf Zmwfaumifrsm;ukd a&;jc,f&if;
ordkif;Zmwfaumiftjzpf ±kyfyHk xifvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
olwdk@cHpm;r_ pdwfa0'emrsm;u usaemfhukd ul;puf zdpD;xm;onf? usaemfhrSm pdwfxdcdkuf
vGe;f ojzifh ±du _ rf od nf? a&;&if;u qufa&;I r&awmh? &yfxm;vdu k &f onf? qd@k eifh a=uuG&J vGe;f onhf
cHpm;r_udk rcHpm;Ekdifawmh? 0g0gvif;/ oD&d/ rdrd/ tzGm;tdka': òcHESihf tbpdef/ armifat;EkdifESihf jrarmif
wdk@onf usaemfhrsufvHk;tdrfwdk@ukd rsuf&nfwdk@jzifh a00g;aponftxd &ifweifheifh jzpfapcJhonf?
13
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

ppftm%m&Sifpepf zsufodrf;a&; ta&;awmfyHk}uD;xJwGif ol&Jaumif;rsm; ay:xGufvmcJhonf?

awmfvSefa&;u ol&Jaumif;rsm;ukd arG;zGm;ay;cJhonf? aoewfra=umuf/ usnfqHra=umufonfh
ol&aJ umif; oufwifrsK;d onf usaemft h aoG;tom;xJwiG f pG&J pfepf0ifaecJ&h m ESpf 20 t=umwGirf S
ol@ukd rSwfwrf;ðy azmfxkwf&awmhonf? ol@ukd qHk;±_H;cJhor# ESarsmwoI rqHk;awmh? 0wˆKtjzpf
a&;zG@J +yD;onft h csed rf pS I 0wˆKxJrS olu ±ke;f xxGuaf y:vmum usaemfEiS hf pum;awGajymaewke;f ?
ppf&mZ0wfaumif vlowform;awGudk usaemfb,fawmhrS ra=ubl;? urBmra=ubl; q&m&,f æ
qdok nfh ol. ol&aJ umif;pdw"f gwu f dk pmzwfy&dowfu awG@&ygvrd rhf nf? “rw&m;zdEydS f tEkid u f sihf
wmukd wGef;vSefqef@usifygrS vl,Ofaus;jzpfw,f” qdkwmukd &mZ0ifordkif;cef;rSm oufwifrsKd;
jyooGm;cJhonf? usaemfu pum;vHk;jzifh yHkazmf o±kyfazmf =unhfrdjcif;om jzpfonf?
aemfc;l azmESihf rif;a&$x;l ? xd@k aemuf òrdi/f udx k eG ;f cdik w
f @kd udk zG@J =uL;cJoh nf? 88 ta&;awmfykH
}uD;. aoG;pufrsm;yif ayw&mvrf;rrsm;ay: Y raysmufysufao;? 89 ck awmxJa&muf olykef
awmfvSefa&;orm; jzpfpumvrSm olwdk@ESpfa,mufta=umif;ukd vSEkdifor#vSatmif óud;pm;
tm;xkwu f m a&;zG@J cjhJ cif;jzpfonf? ESi;f 0wf&nfudk zefqif;aom tcgwiG v f nf; òrdiEf iS hf udx
k eG ;f cdik wf @kd
uJodk@yif &ifckefvGef;pGm v_dufqlcJh&onf? 0wˆKxJu ESif;0wf&nfwdk@ ZeD;armifESHrSm 0wˆK.
tjyifbufwiG v f nf; 0wˆKxJutwdik ;f jzpfonf? olw@kd . a=uuGpJ &m b0twdik ;f wdu k ±f u
kd u f ;l ,l
a&;jc,fxm;jcif;jzpfonf? tJ'0D wˆKxJu wu,fb h 0ukd "gwyf ±kH u kd uf ;l cJjh cif;jzpfonf? ESi;f 0wf&nf
ukd rD;oò*v õ pf Ofu ±ku d u f ;l xm;onhf "gwyf rkH sm;? ok\efocsKõ i;f wGif ol@tavmif;ukd usaemfu, kd w f ikd f
o,f,lvmcJhonfh "gwfyHkrsm;rSm usaemfhvufxJrSm raysmufrysuf &Sdaeao;onf? nDrozG,f/
&JabmfozG,f av;pm;cspfcifcJhonfh ESif;0wf&nfukd olb0twdkif; o±kyfazmf a&;zGJ@rdcJhonf?
olaoqH;k cge;D olajymcJo h nhf pum;vH;k ESifh ±_ud o
f rH sm;rSm ,ckxufwikd f usaemf&h ifxw J iG f ude;f atmif;
pGJxifaeqJ jzpfonf?

pmayw&m;cGiq f o kd nfu &S+d y;D om;? pmayqdo k nfrmS trsK;d rsK;d ? txl;ojzihf cHpm;r_&oukd
ay;a0onfh &opmayjzpfonhf uAsm/ 0wˆK/ jyZmwf/ aqmif;yg;ponfwdk@ukd zwf±_cHpm;aom
pmzwfy&dowfonf pmayukd tqHk;tjzwfay;avonf? pmzwfy&dowfuvnf; trsKd;rsKd;?
ausmif;om;vli,f/ tvkyo f rm;/ v,form;/ v,fuv l v
D yk o
f m;rsm;/ Ekid if aH &;orm;/ awmfveS af &;
orm;/ ukeo f nfypJG m;/ acgi;f &Guzf syx
f ;kd aps;onf/ ±H;k 0efxrf;/ ysuH s a&$Œajymif;tvkyo f rm;/ ppfom;/
&efo@l ppfwyfrS a=u;pm;ppfom;/ tzdEydS cf H tkypf ;kd olvw l ef;pm;ESifh xdvk wl ef;pm;ukd ud, k pf m;ðyonfh
pmzwfy&dowf æ ponfjzihf trsKd;rsKd;tpm;pm;? ,ae@acwfwGif zdESdyfolppftkyfpkESihf ol.
tzGJ@0ifrsm;/ vufyg;ap vufudkif'kwfrsm;rSvGJI jynfolvlxkonf pmayukd tqHk;tjzwf ay;yg
onf? zdESdyftkyfpdk;olESifh ol.vufyg;aprsm;rSm vlxkb0wGif wnf&Sdaeonfh trSefw&m;ukd
jrifatmif r=unfEh ikd =f uay? jrifawG@v#iv f nf; ,if;trSew f &m;ukd azsmufzsuyf pfonf? od@k r[kwf
14
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

acsr_ef;ypfonf? vlxkb0onf trSefw&m;jzpfonf? xdk rvGJ{uef jzpfwnfaeonfh ±kyfb0/

v_yf&Sm;±kef;uefaeaom b0ukd a&;jc,fr$ef;oonfh odk@r[kwf xif[yfonfh o±kyfrSefpmayukd
vlxkuom tqHk;tjzwf òyEkdifpGrf;rSm jzpfonf? xdk@tjyif zdESdyfjc,fvS,folwdk@. azmufjyef
aumufusprf b _ 0ukd xif[yfonfh b0o±kyaf zmf pmayukv d nf; vlxu k om tqH;k tjzwfay;onf?
&opmay odk@r[kwf tEkynmpmay xGufay:vmuwnf;uyif pmzwfy&dowfonf
&SdvmcJh+yD;jzpfonf? pmay w&m;cGifuvnf; uyfIygvmcJh+yD;om;? usaemfvnf; b,fvm
a&Smif&Sm;I &Ekdifygrnfenf;? “aoG;yifv,fESihf tjcm;0wˆKwdkrsm;” acgif;pOfwyfxm;onfh
0wˆKwdkpkpnf;r_ ('kwd,ajrmuf 0wˆKpkpnf;r_) pmtkyfudk pmayy&dowfodk@ jzef@csdvdkufonfh tcsdefrS
pwifum pmayw&m;cGifodk@ usaemf a&mufvmcJhygawmhonf? b,fvm a&Smif&Sm;I &Ekdifygrnf
enf;? pmayw&m;cGif pifjrifhxufqDrS pmzwfy&dowfvlxku usaemfukd iHk@=unhfum tqHk;tjzwf
ay;=uygvdrfhrnf? usaemfh zefwD;r_ tEkynm0wˆK. tajccH &ifckefoHonf jrpfzsm;ydkif;a'o vlxk
xHrS pD;qif;vmcJjh cif; jzpfonf[k usaemf tb,fr#yif !$e;f qdak pumrl pmzwfy&dowf vlxu k om
qHk;jzwf=uygvdrfhrnf? Todk@jzihf pmzwfy&dowf vlxkukd ,Hk=unfudk;pm;rdonf [lIom æ ?

armifpdk;csdef

atmufwdkbm 15/ 2008

acwW - tar&duefjynfaxmifpk

15
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

vdkufchJyg&ap ukdukd
ukdudku wcgwcg ar;wwfonfhar;cGef;? ar;pwkef;u &Suf&HGŒ&HGŒjzpfaewwfonf? +yD;awmh
“oGm; æ oGm;æ uku d dk raumif;bl;uGm” [kqu kd m uku d @dk &iftu
kH dk zGzo
G momav; xkypfvu kd +f yD;aemuf
ausmcdkif;aevdkufonf? xdktcg ukdudku rv_yfEkdifatmif odrf;ayG@xm;um em;em;ukduyf+yD; avoHjzifh
xyfqifhar;avonf? “yxrqHk; b,frSmerf;cJhwmvnf;? rSwfrd&JŒvm;/ nDrav;ajz&r,f æ”? &,foH
v$rf;aeonfh avoHjzpfaeonf? “[if;tif; æ rajzbl; ”[efaqmifpdwfqdk;/ a'gooHESihf udkukd@ukd
wkH@jyefonf? ukdukdu =um=umzufwG,fxm;&atmif wrifyJ a'gxxESihf jiif;onf? ukdukduvnf;
rv$wfawmh? ol@&ifcGifxJwGif zufacgif;tHk;wckvdk tdwGJ@òydusoGm;avonf?
ukdudk@"gwfyHkukd ai;pdkuf=unfhae&mrS "gwfyHkxJuukdukdu touf0ifvmum“nDrav;
ajz&r,f æ yxrqHk; b,frSmerf;cJhwmvJ? rodvdk@r&bl; æ/ rajzvdk@r&bl; æ ”[k &,foHoJhoJhESifh
ar;aeavonf? ukdkukdu "gwfyHkxJu xGufvmcJhavovm;? yxrqHk; terf;yef;yGifh a0qmcJhonfh
tif;vsm;uefa&pyfqo D @kd nDrav;vufo, G u
f q dk u
JG m a&mufvmcJ=h uonf? aqmif;ukeq f ;kH p qdak omf
vnf; ESif;ºuGif;ESif;aiG@awmif rawG@&awmh? [dk; æ cyfa0;a0; a&jyifjymvJhay:wGif aEG. jrLcdk;wkd@
a0pðyaeav+yD? urf;pyfrS v_dif;cwfoH/ opf&Gufa&mf0gwdk@ aºuGqif;usoH/ +yD;awmh O=oiSuf. aEGzGJ@
vGrf;aw;oHwdk@udk oJhoJh =um;ae&onf?
&if. teuf±_dif;qHk;t&yftxd v$rf;rdk;aeonfhtoHum; udkukd@tcspfbGJ@yif jzpfaeavonf?
&nf;pm;pmxJrSm a&;xm;wJh pum;vHk;awGu &ifukdv_yfcwfEkdifonfxufyif ukdukdukd,fwkdif cHpm;
ajymaomtcg &ifonf odrfhwkefum v_dif;xvmavonf? tcspfqdkwm tawmfqef;=u,f euf±_dif;
wmyguvm; æ vd@k cHpm;&avmufonft h xd æ? wvSyv f yS af rm&if; odjrifvmcJo h nf? yxrqH;k tcsp/f
yxrqH;k aom pdrw hf rd w
hf rd &hf w
S wtawG@u qef;awmhqef;=u,fonf? toJEv S ;kH onf tcspw f iG f pdr0hf if
nHhoufoGm;avawmhonf?
aEGO;D opfyifw@dk onf aºuGw0uf/ 0ga&$w0uf? opf&yd Zf myef;uGuw f @kd u a&GŒoGm;onf? yxr
awmh ukdukdESihf rdrdt&dyfu cyfa0;a0;vSrf;vSrf;? aemufawmh vl&dyfESpfckonf yl;uyfoGm;awmhonf?
uGmvSrf;aeaom t&dyfESpfckukd tcspfu pkpnf; aygif;pyfvdkufavonf? aemufawmh ukdukd@ykcHk;pGef;wGif
wG,frSDvdkuf&awmhonfyJ?
,ck ukdukd@"mwfyHkxJ ukdukdujyefa&mufoGm;um yxrqHk;erf;cJhpOfu tòyH;rsKd;ESihfyif òyH;I
=unfhaeonf[k awG;xifaeayonf? ukdukd=um;Ekdifyghrvm;? ukdukdar;cJhwJhar;cGef;awGukd tckyJ ajzjy
csifygw,fuG,f æ vdk@ pdwfxJrSm ajymrdonf? ukdukdu vlwrsKd;? b,fae&m b,fumvrSm terf;rdk;
pwif&GmapGcJhovJqdkwm ol@&ifrSm ur`nf;xdk;cJhowJh? puUef@utp pGJnd‡ rSwfrdxm;owJh? tpGJtvef;
}uD;rm;vSonfh rdefuav;wOD;xufyif ykdum ukdudku ykduJoGm;+yDvm;rod?
opfyifjrifhjrifh}uD;. ajcawmf&if;wGifxdkifum cspfpum;awG rarmwrf;ajymjzpf=uonf?
uku
d @dkudk uku
d v
kd @kd pwifac:cJo h nf[k rSwrf ad eao;onf? tdrrf mS wke;f u ol@emrnf&if;twdik ;f ukrd if;vGirf ;kd [lI
cyfpdrf;pdrf;ac:onf? wcgw&H tdrfua':av;wdk@ ac:ovdkrsKd;/ ukdukd@treJ@ tzGm;wdk@ac:ovdkrsKd; ukdrdk;[k
16
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

ac:rdonf? ukdrif;vGifrdk;wJh/ udkrdk;wJh? ukdukd@ukd cspfvmcJhonfhaemuf rwwfomIom vlawGa&SŒrSm

ukdrdk;[kac:vdkuf&onf? pdwfxJrawG@? pdwfxJrSm udkukdvdk@ ac:vdkuf&wmukdu pdwfxJrSm vef;qef;
oGm;ovdkyJ? tcspfwkd@ jynhfESufaeonfh&ifuae zdwfv#HyJhwif vdkufonfhtoHyJjzpfrnf? ukdukd æ
ukdukda& æ? ukdukd@uG,f&mrSm wdk;wdk;r#ifr#if ac:=unfhrdonfrStp ukdukdqdkonfhtoHrSm c|JEGJ@wkef,if
aeavonf?
ukdudkuawmh nDrav;[lIyif ac:qdkavonf? vlawGa&SŒrSmvJ cyfwnfwnfyJ nDrav;yJ?
wcgwcgaAGazmufum aemufaemufajymifajymif ac:wwfao;onf? nav; æ wJ?h 'Dawmh uku d adk emf[k
tH}udwfjyonf? atmufE_wfcrf;ukd zdukdufum nmvufukd auG;acgufaxmifjyvdkufonf? ukdukd@
acgif;ukdacgufvdkufr,faygh? ukdudkuawmh xHk;pHtwdkif; w[J[J &,farmaeonf?
wu,fawmh eH&Hcef;qD; wckjcm;xm;±kHrSvGJI trdk;wckatmufrSm =urf;wajy;xJ aeaecJh&
onf? ESpfa,muf tvkyfvkyfcsdefrSvGJvdk@ ukdudkausmif;wufcsdefrSvGJvdk@ toHukd=um;ae&onf? ±kyfukd
jrifae&onf? wcgw&H ukdudku rdrdwdk@tcef;ukd apG@ceJ@a&mufvmwwfonf? tzGm;wkd@ a':av;wdk@eJ@
pum;vufqHk=uaewwfonf? tzGm;u *syefacwfwGifppfajy;=u&if; ukdukdwdk@e,fawGqD a&mufvmcJh
yHkawGukdajymonf? &GmawGukda&mufoGm;awmh &Gmom;awG 0dkif;0ef;apmifha&Smuf=uyHk/ r&Sdtwl &Sdtwl
0dkif;zGJ@pm;aomuf=uyHk/ tdyfcJhaecJh=uyHkawGukdajymjyonf? ukdukdu vuf&Sdaus;&GmawGu v,form;
awG&JΠb0cHpm;r_awGukd ajymjyonf? pyg;pdkuf&if; xrif;iwfaeonfh v,form;awG ta=umif;ukd
yHkajymovdk ajymjywwfonfh ukdukd? ukdukdu pDumywfuHk;zGJ@EGJ@ajymwwfonf? v,form;rsm;b0ukd
ajymjywmrsm; vuf0g;ay:wifjyvdkufovdkyJ? xif;ceJ vif;ceJ&SdvSonf? rdrduvnf; awmxJ
a&mufbl;olr[kwf? oref;uGufxJ eif;zdk@qdkwma0;a&m? 'gayrJh ukdukdu v,form;b0 qdkwm &Sif;jy
awmh em;vnfvmonf? xifjrifvmonf? v,form;awG aoG;pkyfcs,fvS,f cH&onfukd =um;&awmh
pkwfwoyfoyfjzpfum a&'D,dkxJrSm ajymjyaewJh v,form;awGeJ@rwlyHkukd cGJjcm; em;vnfvmcJhonf?
oH&nfóudpufrSmvkyfaewJh azazhvdkygyJ? bmwckrS tmrcHcsufr&Sdyguvm;[k ukdudk ajymjyaeonfh
v,form;awGta=umif;ukd pOf;pm;&if; E_dif;,SOf awG;=unfhrdao;onf?
rd o m;pk w G i f armif E S r rsm;onh f t wG u f tzG m ;ES i h f a ':av;u rd r d u k d a c:xm;cJ h o nf ?
ausmif;xm;ay;cJhonf? q,fwef;us+yD; ausmif;raeEdkifawmhI ausmif;u t+yD;xGufcJhaomfvnf;
taztartdrfudkrjyefawmhyJ a':av;wkd@ESifh qufaecJhonf? &ufuef;cwfonfh tvkyfukd 0ifvkyfjzpf
onf? tzGm;ukd pm;p&dwfay;cGifh&vmojzifh onftdrfrSmyJ qufae&onf? tm;emp&m r&Sdawmh?
ukdukdESihf 'DtdrfrSmyJ vma&mufqHkpnf;jzpf=uonf?
rdrdaexdkif&mtdrfukd yxrOD;qHk; a&mufvmcJhwJholawGu ukdudk@tpfr0rf;uGJESifhtar?
aemufwESpfrSm ukdukdyg a&mufvmcJhonf? ukdukdu vkyfom;aumvdyf wwd,ESpfausmif;om;?
òrdŒawmfcef;r jrLeDpy,fXmewGif pma&;tjzpf tvkyfvkyfaeol? aemufawmh ol@&JŒ ukd,fa&;&mZ0ifukd
tawmf pHkpHkvifodcGifh&vmonf? ausmif;om;v_yf&Sm;r_/ tvkyform; v_yf&Sm;r_awGrSm yg0ifcJhol
jzpfIvm;rod? xdkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;ESihf v,form;/ tvkyform;b0awG uGif;qufqufjyyHkrSm pdwf0if
pm;p&m aumif;vSonf? [dkwkef;u pdwfr0ifpm;cJh rodvdkuf rodbmomyJaecJhonf?
tzGm;aum a':av;yg uku d @dk udk oabmus=uonf? uku d v dk mrvnf&ifawmif “ukdrdk;a& æ
17
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

vufzufokyfxm;w,f a[h æ rif;twGuf/ vmvnfygtHk;uGJ@ ”oGm;usKd;yg;usKd;avoHjzifh udkrdk;ukd

tvnfzdwfwwfonf? rdrdu aemufbufcef; rD;zdkacsmifwGif&Sdaev#if ukdukd@trESifhtaru r=um;
w=um; vSrf;+yD;aemufajymif usDp,fwufavonf? “[if;/ tzGm;}uD;u ol@ajr;om;rufavmif;ukdyJ
vufzufoyk af c:au|;w,f æ igw@kd udk owdawmifr&bl;” [k &,fopH u G uf m aemufavonf? xdt k cg
rdrrd mS acgi;f ykomG avonf? rsuEf mS ay: &Suaf oG;eDjref;oGm;onfuydk if uku d odk v
d u
kd rf mS r[kw?f uku
d udk
awmh ol@vufxJu zwfvufppmtkyfukd =urf;jyifay:wGifcsxm;cJhum rdrdwdk@tdrfbufodk@ ul;vm+yD;
pum;0dkif;zGJ@ wwfavonf?
tdrfiSm;ESifhtdrf&Sif eH&Hom jcm;xm;aomfvnf; rdom;pkvdkyif cifrif&if;ESD;vmcJh=uonf?
ukdukdESifh rdrdcspfae=uonfh cspfoltjzpfukdvnf; odvmcJh=uonf? [ef@wm;ydwfyifr_yifrðy=u? tzGm;
u Todk@awG;cJh ajymcJhbl;onf? ukdukdu ynmwufwa,muf jzpfvmae+yDwJh æ? q,fwef;
ratmifonfh ol@ajr;r rdrdukd xm0& cspf=uifEkdifyghrvm;wJh? xdkodk@ ajymcJhbl;onf? vufwGJrSmjzpfw,f
æ q,fwef;atmifwm ratmifwmeJ@ cspfwmrcspfwmeJ@ b,fvdkrS oufqdkifqufpyfr_ r&Sda=umif;
rdrdukd ukdukdu ajymjybl;onf? rdrduwqifh tzGm;vnf;odcGifh&cJhonf? tzGm;u rdrdESifhukdukd
tdrfaxmifðyonfhtcg rdrdynmrpHkvdk@ rsufESmi,f&avrvm; pdk;&drfonfuvGJI tjcm;bmylyefr_rSr&Sd?
wcgwek ;f u uku d adk y;cJo h nfv
h ufaqmifEiS hf pmwku
d av; tzGm;ukd jyocJzh ;l onf? tzGm;aum
a':av;yg wD&Syfvufaqmifay;onfukd oabmus+yD;om;? yefEka&mifwD&Syfay:wGif opPmyef;ESpfyGifh
teD&ifh&ifhu vSyvef;qwfaeonf? cspfolESpfOD; yef;yGifhESpfyGifhoauFw? tzl;tiHkawGu 0dkif;&H
umxm;jcif;u b,fvdkygvdrfh?
“nDrav;a& æ ukdukd aq;vdyfjzwfvdkuf+yD? odyfóuduf+yD; ukdukd@tay:v$rf;rdk;vGef;wJh
aiGuek w f ahJ q;vdyu f dk jzwfvu kd +f yD? aq;vdyaf omufypfrhJ aiGupdk +k yD; nDrav;twGuf vufaqmif 0,fay;
vdkufwmjzpfygw,f? tJ'g nDrav;arG;ae@twGuf wD&Syfvufaqmif? wjrwfwEdk;xm;wJh acgif;u
qHyifukdjzwfa&mif;+yD; arG;ae@vufaqmif ay;cJh=uwJh cspfolawGawmif urBmay:rSm&SdcJh+yD;+yD? ukdukd
odyfóudufwJhaq;vdyfukd bma=umifhrjzwfEkdif&rSmvJ? [kwfvm;aemf nDrav; ”
tzGm;u rif;wdk@acwfu qef;=u,fygouG,f æ ajymavonf? a':av;u ukdukd@ukd xyfI
oabmuscJhonf? ighwlr rdrdu uHaumif;ygw,fuG,f æ [kqdkavonf? bmukduHaumif;w,fvdk@
ajymwmvJ a':av;&JŒ æ [k rdrdu cyfawGawG cyfòyH;òyH;vkyfumar;rdonf? bmrsm;tqef;w=u,f
ajymrSmvJ? a':av;&JŒaumufcsufu ±kd;±kd;av;ygyJ? rdrdukd olwu,f cspf&Smygw,f? rdrdukd xm0pOf
vufwGJr,fh tazmfrGef cifyGef;aumif;jzpfrSmygyJ[k ajymonf? pum;ukdacwW&yfum a':av;u
&,foGrf;aoG;&if; xyfajymjyefonf? ukdukdeJ@rdrdwdk@ uav;awG b,fESpfa,mufawmif arG;=uOD;rvJ
rodbl; æ [kajymonf? a':av;uvnf; ajyma&mhr,f[kqdkum t&SufajcvSrf;wdk@ESifh ausmcdkif;
xGufvmcJh&onf?
wu,fu xdktxdrpOf;pm;=uao;? nDrav;&,f æ ukdukdu ausmif;+yD;rSyJ vufxyf
=u&atmif æ tdrfaxmifðyEkdifwJhtxd a&mufatmif wma0;ajy;&vdrfhOD;r,f [kajymonf? wu,fh
b0u ESpfa,mufom; tdrfaxmifðyzdk@txd cGifhrðyao;? ql;an‡mifhcvkwf wif;usrf;jynfhaeonfh
tarSmifxkv$rf;aeonfhb0? bmwckrS tmrcHcsufr&Sdonfh cyf=urf;=urf;b0wGif tdrfaxmifðyzdk@
18
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

owWu d adk rG;&onf? od@k r[kwf rdu k u

f ef;&onf? pGe@f pm;cJ&h onfh tdraf xmifa&;wGif awG@&cdS ikd =f unfcahJ om
tcspfukd rkefwdkif;xJvGifhygroGm;atmif/ aºuGvGifhroGm;&atmif tb,fr# xdef;odrf;xm;&avrvJ?
&ifarm&jyefonf? uku d u dk awmh ol@tawG;tac:twdik ;f cufc=J urf;wrf;aomb0ukd pdeaf c:aewwfo?l
b0qdw k m t±_;H cHjcif;r[kwf ±ke;f uefjcif;om opPmw&m;ygu@JG æ nDrav;&JŒ[k b0uAsmrsm;ukd oD=uL;
&J0Hhol? vlqdkwm rdcif0rf;xJu u|wfvGwfvm+yD;uwnf;u tqufrjywf&&SdcJhwJh wdkufyGJawGu
trsm;}uD;&,f æ? obm0ab;&efwdkufyGJ/ vlwef;pm;wdkufyGJ/ ukefxkwfvkyfa&;xJuwdkufyGJ æ?
tJ'DwdkufyGJawGeJ@ wnfaqmufxm;wJh awmifwef;awGukd wck+yD;wckvlawGu jzwfausmfae&wm æ?
tJ'Dawmifwef;awGay:rSm nDrav;wdk@ udkukdwdk@wawGjzwfae&wm æ? tm;rav#mh&bl; æ tm;av#mh
wJhvl[m ol@b0xJ t±_H;aygif;rsm;pGmu a&mufvmvdrfhr,f æ wJh? ukdukd@a=umifh tifawG tm;awG
u &ifxJtonf;xJrSm jynfhodyfvmcJhonfyJ? ukdukd@pmtkyfpifxJu pmtkyfukd,lzwf=unfh&mrS
cGeftm;awGvnf; &vmcJhzl;onf? uAsmawGukd cHpm;&aumif;rSef; rodcJh? uAsmu vrf;jywJhtwGuf
tawG;awmtkyfawGxJ &J&Jwdk;0ifEdkifcJhonf? uAsmq&mr}uD; =unfat;. “opPmopf”ukd xyfjyef
wvJvJzwf&if; tvGwf&um ukdukd@ukd&GwfjyEkdifcJhonf?
“a&SŒu qdk±dk;
ykd;zvHrsKd;/ rD;ukdwdk;owJh
armufòzd; a&$awmif/ òrdufavmifylaEG;
rD;aiG@ ay;rS / touf&&Sd
u|efrcspf+rJ/ oHom0JrS
cGJxGufcsifbl;/ wyfrufOD;rnf
pdefjcL;=u,fwef;
vjcrf;v0kdif;/ nwdkif;jrifcsif
a&$pifae0ef;/ qnf;qmuGef;rS
ay:,Gef;aphaph/ ae@wkdif;awG@csif
axG;ayG@vifom;/ orD; om; ajr;
pum;ESpfouf/ rdwfaqGbuf[k
rufarmb0/ wc%vJ
tvS&SmazG/ tajzawG@aomf
arG@aysmf+idwG,f/ aorsKd;EG,fvJ
&,f&GifcHpm;/ igvlom;[k
w&m;xGef;opf/ owWdjzpf.? ”
trdu k x f yd af cgif yvlaumifv@kd yq
J ykd gap? tdraf xmifrb
_ 0rD;awmifudk avmifòrduyf gap wd;k a0S@
rwJh? 'Dvif'Dom; orD;ajr;rsm;ESihf b0xJrSm arG@aysmf+idwG,fr,fwJh? uAsm&Gwfaeonfh rdrdukd iHk@=unfh
&if; ukdukdu tHh=obeef;jzpfrdavonf? ukdudkeJ@ wGJzufEGJcsnf&r,fhc&D;rSm ukdukd@ nmbufvufarmif;
ºuGufom;awG[m nDrav;&JŒ ESvHk;onf;yGwf aoG;r#ifawGxJ pD;0ifvmr,fh tm;aq;&nfawGyJ[k
ajymrdonf? xdt k cg qifEmS armif;vdrk sK;d ukud @kd vufarmif;vufwaH wGu rdru d dk odr;f ayG@ xm;avonf?
19
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

Todk@jzifh tcspfvGefnrsm;ukdyg rawmfwqjzwfrdcJh=uavonf?

ukdukdu ausmif;qufwufapcsifI vli,fa&;&mnausmif;wGif ausmif;jyefwufonf?
tdrfaxmifonfb0 a&mufvmI quf+yD; avhvmzdk@qdkwm vG,fyghrvm;? xdk@a=umifh q,fwef;ajz&ef
ausmif;wufonf? ukdukduawmh aemufqHk;ESpf? 'DESpfausmif;+yD;+yD? tdrfaxmifa&;b0qD wufvSrf;a&;
twGuf eD;uyfvmae+yDqdkwmukd ukdudkausmif;wufaeonfhtwef;u jy'g;wdkifozG,f jyvmcJhonf?
ar#mfvifhcsuf prf;a&tdkif tdkatppfawGukd c&D;uE Wm&xJ a0;a0;eD;eD; csrSwfxm;&onf? eufjzef
r&Sad wmhonfb h 0onf aocsi;f eJ@ bmrSrjcm;awmh? od@k aomf æ od@k aomf wae@oY xdx k akd om prf;a&jym
tdkatppfonf rkefwdkif;xJwGif vGifhaysmuf ysufpD;oGm;&avawmhownf; æ [lonfh 0wˆKyHkjyifed*Hk;ukd
ra&;rjzpf a&;vm&awmhonf? ajrESifh aumif;uifukd ajymif;vJypfvkdufonfh ta&;awmfyHkrkefwdkif;u
usa&mufvmum ukd,fwkdifa&;oDaom 0wˆK.ed*Hk;ukd acsrGvdkufavonf? odk@r[kwf qdk;qdk;0g;0g;
zsufodrf; a&$Œajymif;ypfvdkufavonf?
ta&;awmfyHk. wyfOD;ozG,fjzpfaom wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm; tzGJ@tpnf;wGif ukdukd
yg0ifvmcJhonf? “'g æ a&Smifvdk@r&awmhwJh awmfvSefa&;yJ nDrav;a& æ ” [k tm;wif;ay;onf?
ta&;awmfyHkxJwGif 'Drdkua&pDtwGuf wkdufyGJ0ifcJhonfyJ? jyif;xefonfh aoewf'%f&ma=umifh rdrd
aq;±Hkay: a&mufvmcJhonfhtxd ukdukdu twlygvmcJhao;onf? wywfausmfvmonfhumvwGif
aq;±Hw k iG f twlraeEkid af wmh? ukud @dk u,
dk pf m; rdwaf qGausmif;om;/ ausmif;olawGu 0dik ;f 0ef;ðypk tm;ay;
cJ=h uonf? tzGm;uawmh r=unf&h ufEidk v f @kd [q
k ukd m w}udryf J vm=unfEh idk o f nf? ukud @dk tpfrESifh tzGm;/
+yD;awmh a':av;/ tarESifhtazwdk@tm;vHk; aq;±kHay:wGif vlvJESifhapmifh=uonf? owd&wcsuf/
r&wcsuf? owd&vmonfhtcg aq;±Hkywf0ef;usif wcdktxd ±kdufcwfyJhwifqJ ta&;awmfyHk rkefwdkif;
toHukd =um;ae&onf? ppfatmfoH? vlv_dif;vdyfatmfoH/ [pfaºuG;oHwdk@onf aq;±Hk. rsufESmusuf
rsm;txd ±du k cf wfvmavonf? rke;f wD;pufqyk f xdwv f ef@aponfh aoewforH sm;u aq;±Hu k ydk g pdeaf c:
+cdr;f ajcmufae+yDaum? ta&;awmfy}kH uD;xJrmS rkew f ikd ;f tao;pm;av; wckjzpfae&mrS aoewf'%f&mu
aq;±Hkay:odk@ ykd@ay;vdkufaomtcg ukef;ay:a&mufvmonfh a&xJuig;ES,f aerxdawmh? tcktcg
bmudkvdkcsifovJvdk@ar;&if at;at;aq;aq; jyefajzr,fhtajzum; aoewfyifjzpfonf? aoewf
ay;yg/ ckcHumuG,fzdk@twGuf aoewf/ ukdukda& æ nDrtwGufyg ESpfqtvkyfvkyfyg æ [k pdwfxJu
}udwfI ajymrdavonf? aq;±Hkay:rSmvnf; aoewf'%f&mawGESihf a&mufvmcJhonfh vlemawGum;
jynfhv#Haeonf? ukwifrqef@/ =urf;jyif tus,ft0ef;&Sdoavmuf rqef@awmh? vlemrsm;/ tavmif;
rsm;/ idkaºuG;oHrsm;/ aoG;pufpGef;ay ukwifrsm;ESihf =urf;jyifrsm;/ ysm;awGES,f acgufwkef@vl;vm ±_yfaxG;
aeonfh q&m0ef q&mrrsm;? toufocifrsm;? cGyfa'gif;acgif;aygif;ESihf ausmif;om; vli,frsm;?
aq;±HktwGif; ±dkufcwfwkef[nf;aeonfh rGwfodyf[pfaºuG;oHrsm;/ rdef@cGef;ajym=um;oHrsm;/ aoewfoH?
xdktoHESihf ±kyfyHkwdk@onf aq;±HkwckESifhrwlawmh? ppfrkefwdkif;xJrS ocFsKdif;Z&yf}uD;wck jzpfaeonf?
okd@r[kwf ta&;awmfyHk. tajccHpcef;}uD;wck jzpfvmcJhonf?
ukdukdvmE_wfqufonhf aemufqHk;&uf/ aemufqHk;tcsdefukd ,ckxufwdkif owd&aeao;
onf? csK+d rdev f yS onfh tcspOf ;D terf;yGiahf wG a0pnfco hJ nfah e&ufudk pGn
J r‡d w
S rf ad eovdyk gy?J cg;cg;oD;oD;
E_wfqufterf;awGukdyg rSwfrdonf? “ukd,fjyefvmrSmyg æ pdwfwif;xm; æ opPmopf uAsmxJukd
20
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

twloGm;=u&r,f æ[kwfvm; æ”ukdukdukd,fwdkifvnf; tm;wif;xm;um ajymrdajym&m ajymae

ovdkrsKd; ajymaejcif;jzpfonf? ukdukd@rsufESmukd tm;wif;um armh=unhfrdqJrSmyJ E_wfcrf;awG
wqwfqwf wkef,ifaeaom ukdukd@rsufem/ aoG;a&miforf;aeaom ukdukd@rsufESmukd awG@&onf?
qHpwdk@ukd oyfwifay;um ezl;ukdw,kw&erf;onf? E_wfcrf;ukdzdzdzGzGerf;onf? +yD;awmh nmbuf
vufcHkukd erf;±_dufvdkufjyefonf? ukdukd@vufukd jyefI wif;wif;qkyfqGJxm;ao;onf? ukdukduvnf;
wif;csnfqkyfudkifxm;onf? tcspf. t&dyfta&mifwdk@onf }udK;ESpfacsmif; csnfxm;onfhozG,f
jzpfonfh cspfolESpfOD;.vufwGif oGm;Ixif[yfaeonf? ukdukdoGm;&rJhc&D;ukd aemufrus&atmif
vufuadk jzvGwv f ukd af vonf? wc%wGif uku d u
dk acgi;f wcsun f wd u
f m ausmcdik ;f xGucf mG oGm;av
onf? aq;±Hk.eH&H odk@r[kwf tarSmifxJwGif ukdukd@t&dyfu aysmufuG,foGm;onf? tarSmifxkxJ
ypfv$wfvdkufonhf jrm;wacsmif;ES,fjzpfonf? raysmufrysufyJ usef&pfcJhonfht&mum; emusif
a=uuGJr_awGyJ? pdwfemusifvSpGm usef&pfcJha=umif; ukdukdrodvdk@r[kwf? rdrdcHpm;&onfh yrm%
twdkif;twmxuf rao;i,fvSonfh a0'em wxrf;wydk;ukd ukdukd@tonf;ESvHk;xufwGif wifum
o,faqmifomG ;ayvdrrhf nf? xdt k cspf xdck pH m;r_u uku d @dk twGuf cGet
f m;awG jzpfvmygap[lIom æ ?
ESpfESpf=umaomtcg ukdukd@xHrS pmwapmifa&mufvmonf? ukdukdpma&;vdkufwJh&ufpGJxuf
6 v=umrS xdpk mukd zwf&onf? qufo, G &f onfrmS tawmfyifcufcrJ mS jzpfonf? &yfuu G af wGtvdu k f
ajymif;a&$ŒcJ=h u&onf? òrdŒjyifo@kd ajymif;a&$Œ&rnf[al om trde@f r;kd óud;oGm;u vltm;vH;k . OD;acgi;f rsm;ukd
pl;0ifypfcGJEkdifavonf? tdrfukd tcuftcJaygif;rsm;pGmxJrSmyJ ajymif;a&$ŒvmcJht+yD;rSm tzGm;u qHk;&Sm
onf? xGufcGmoGm;onfh tzGm;. aemufqHk;xGufoufonf rdrdtwGuf aomuy&da'0wkd@ESifh ndae
ayvdrfhrnf? ukdukd@tpfrESihftzGm;vnf; ukdudkwdk@Zmwd&Gmodk@ t+yD;ajymif;a&$@oGm;=uonf? ukdukdajym
onfh wdkufyGJawGxJu tajymif;tvJrsm;onfum; axGvDvSyg.? aemufxyf oHk;ESpf=umaomtcg
ukdukd@xHrS 'kwd,ay;pmukd &&SdcJhavonf? pmESihftwl ukdukd@"gwfyHkwyHkyg ygvmcJhojzifh ukdukd@±kyfvGmukd
awG@&onf? 'Dw}udrfwGif ukdukd@xH pmwapmifa&;ay;vdkufonf? pm,lvmaom rdwfaqGu pma&;cGihf
ay;ojzifh xkdpmukda&;vdkufonf? wdkwdkyJa&;ygqdkvdk@ twdkcsKyf+yD; a&;&onf? pmudka&;awmh &ifu
Aavmifqlaeavonf? vufu wkef,ifaeonf? tH}udwfwif;um “nDrav; vdkufvmcsifw,f æ
tm;vHk;oabmwlw,f æ udkukd@xHvdkufvmzdk@ toifhjyifxm;+yD;om; æ ukdukd ac:ayawmh ”[k
pmwrsufESmxJrSmyif xyfjyefwvJvJa&;cJhrdonf? pm,loGm;awmhrnfh rdwfaqGukdvnf; tzefwvJvJ
rSmvdkufonf? xdk&Jabmfu u|efawmfroGm;bl; æ tJ'Da'oukd jyefoGm;r,fholukd u|efawmf xyf
ajymjyay;yghr,f[kajymonf?
rae@wae@uyJ xdkpmukda&;cJh/ vlóuHrSmcJhojzifh &ifwGif*,ufxcJhaom v_dif;wHydk;wdk@onf
+idrfoufroGm;ao;? ar#mfvifhcsuf/ qGwfysHŒaomyDwd/ ESpf&Snfvrsm;cHpm;vmcJh&onfh 'kuQa0'em/
ukud adk jymjycJoh nfh opPmopf/ uku d @dk b0/ vGwaf jrmufa&; aoewfoH æ? xdt k oHEiS fh xk±d yk yf v
kH mG wd@k onf
axG;vHk;&pfywf0JvSnfhum &ifwGif;wGif v_dif;tjzpf ajymif;vJvmcJhjcif; jzpfayvdrfhrnf? rD;a&mif
atmufwGif ukdukd@"gwfyHkukdaphaph=unfhonf? em=unf;a=uuGJr_ESihf =unfEl;r_u &ifukd ajy;Iom
±dkufaeawmhonf? cyfrSdefrSdef cyfazsmhazsmhomvif;aom v#yfppfrD;ukdydwfvdkufonf? pdwfu rxdef;Ekdif
awmh? [pfI ±_dufIom idkvdkufcsifawmhonf? rcHEdkifawmhI wrifyJydwfvdkuf&onf? v#yfppftvif;
21
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

r&SdawmhrS va&mifu jywif;aygufrS pD;qif;0ifa&mufvmavonf? wdrfr#ifjrLcsnf uif;rJhaom

aumif;uifjymxJwGif v0ef;u ol@ta&miftqif;ukd twm;tqD;rJh jzef@v$wfaeonf? ukdukd"gwfyHkukd
va&mifatmifwGif axmif=unfhrdjyefonf? “ukdukd&,f ” [k avoHjzifh ac:=unfhvdkufrdonf?
“ukdukd=um;Ekdifygapæ” [k ajymvdkufrdavovm;yif rodvdkuf? aemufawmh "gwfyHkukd qkyfukdifxm;qJ
axmifxm;aomvufukd tdyf,mcif;ay:odk@ tomt,majzv$wfcsvdkufonf? twdwfESihf a&m,Suf
xm;aom tawG;xJwGif pD;ar#m ygoGm;avawmhonf? wajzajz;arS;&Dvmum rEdk;w0uf Edk;w0uf
tdyfrufrufavonf? ukdudk@ukd tdyfrufwGif tjrefqHk; awG@&jyefonf? terf;ajc&mrsm; xm;cJh&m
tif;vsm;uefa&pyfo@kd uku d adk c:oGm;avovm; æ? wuUov kd f y&0k%xf J a&mufomG ;avovm; æ?
aq;±HkcGJpdwfcef;xJ jyefa&mufoGm;avovm; æ? r_ef0g;0g;jzpfoGm;onf? odyf+yD; r=umvdkuf tdyfcef;
wHcg;0wGif ukdukdjyefa&mufvmonf? ukdudku wHcg;0wGif&yfum“nDrav; æ a[hæ nDrav;? xav
vmav jrefjrefx æ nDrav; vdkufvmcsifw,fqdkvdk@ wrifwumvmac:&wm æ jrefjrefvkyf ” [k
qdkum ukdudkuac:aeavonf?
“ukdukda& æ vdkufrSmaygh æ c%av;apmifhaemf æ c%av;yg æ”
rdrdwkef@jyefoHu wtdrfvHk;[def;nHoGm;um ol@ukdolvnf; ol@toHuyif v_yfEd_;ovdk
jzpfoGm;onf? wc%rSmyif ajcoHawG=um;&onf? ukdukdxGufcGmoGm;onfh ajcoHawGrsm;avvm;?
ayG@zufqx JG &l eftwGuf tdy, f mqDo@kd a&mufvmonfh ajcoHrsm;vm;? ajcoHawGu ±_yaf xG;oGm;onf?
Za0Z0g jzpfukefonf?
“[JhorD; æ [Jh [Jh/ rdrd æ owdxm;avorD;&JŒ æ owdxm;? orD;bmawG tdyfruf
rufaewmvJ æ/ tvef@w=um;uG,f owdxm;ygOD;orD;&,f æ ”
a':av;vm;/ araryJvm; æ tajy;a&mufvmum v#yfppfrD;ukdzGifhonf? w0uf[aeaom
tdrfcef;wHcg;ukd qGJzGifh? pdwfuvGwfjrefaeonf? b0. awmif;qdkr_u pdwfukdtvsifjzpfapum
v#yfppft[kefxuf jrefxufaom pdwfukd jyef+yD;rxdef;Ekdifawmh? ukdukdvmac:ae+yD æ qdkwJh tdyfruf
jrLr_efxJu tawG;ESihfyif tdyf,mxJrS vl;vJ+yD;x&yfonf? v#yfppfrD; vif;vmawmh ajcwvSrf;ckef+yD;
a&SŒukd wd;k xGurf v d suo f m; jzpfaeonf? csKid ;f axmufudk ,lz@kd yif owdr&awmh? a':av;ESihf tarha&SŒrSm
yif =urf;jyifay:odk@ òydvJusoGm;onf? yHkvsufom;jzpfoGm;onf? usKd;jywfoGm;aom t±kyfuav;ukd
arara&mufvmum xlxay;onf? wGJxlonf? “jzpf&av orD;&,f æ ”[k wzGzGwwdk;wdk; &Gwfae
avonf? a':av;u rdrdacgif;&if;bufwGif axmifxm;aom nmbuf ajcwacsmif;jywftwGuf
csKdif;axmufukd ,lvmcJhonf?
rdrcd sKid ;f axmufurdk ,lyJ tdy, f mqDo@kd aemufqw k af &GŒvmcJoh nf? tdyrf ufrufwm xifwmyJ
æ [k emusirf _ &Supf w d jf ziffh ajymrdajym&m ajymrdonf? rD;ydwcf hJ æ ararwd@k a':av;wd@k oGm;=uawmh[k
æ vnf; ajymrdonf? olwdk@ xGufoGm;=upOfrSmyJ va&mifatmufwGif idkcsvdkufonf? ukdukd@ awmfvSef
a&;orm;±kyfyHkukd va&mifvif;vufatmufwGif iHk@=unfhrdonf? ukdudk@±kyfykHvGmu pdkpGwfrsuf&nfwdk@ESifh
a00g;aeavonf?
Ò Ò Ò ar/29 / 2003
opPmtrSwf(1) ar/ 2004
22
armifpdk;csdef
nrsm;ukd jzwfoef;jcif;
xdkvrf;uav;ay:wGif usaemf a&muf
aewwfonf? vrf;. ab;wzufwcsufwGif
awmtkyf&Sdaeonf? awmtkyfESpfckjzpfoGm;&ef
vloGm;vrf;u pnf;jcm; uef@ay;xm;wJhtwGuf
vrf;. b,fbufnmbufwGif awmtkyfESpfck
jzpfoGm;onf? opfyifawGuvnf; vlawGvdkygyJ?
aumif;uiftjrifhodk@ ,SOf+ydKifwdkufcdkuf xdk;xGuf
vmcJh=uonfhtwGuf ajcwH&Snfopfyifrsm;u
jrifhrwfaeum avmif;&dyfrdopfyifrsm;rSm ykysyf
ysyf e d r f @ 0if a e=uavonf ? xd k v rf ; uav;ud k
cg;wef&Snfopfyifrsm;u tkyfrkd;xm;onf? &moD
ul ; / a&$ a &mif o pf & G u f t d k r sm;u rd c if y if p nf
ukdif;cufwdk@udk E_wfqufxGufcGmvmcJhum n‡if;EGJ@
avajywGif a0h0JvGifhaºuGaeonf? vrf;uav;
ay:wGifvnf; &Guf0gawGu wazG@azG@ aºuGqif;
usvmaeavawmh o nf ? vrf ; uav;u t
aemufrS ta&SŒodk@ oGm;aomvrf;uav;? bm
a=umifh ta&SŒbuf taemufbuf[lI cGJjcm;
ajymEdik &f wmvJ? aea&mifjcnfu opfuikd ;f opf&u G f
wdk@t=um;u jzmusvmum vrf;uav;ay:wGif
aejcnfr#ifwdk@u erf;±_dufaeyHkudk=unfh+yD; yef;csD
um;. ta&SŒbuf taemufbuf[k ajymEdkifjcif;
jzpfonf?
awmtkyfxJodk@ pD;usaeaom aejcnf
r#ifwef;rsm;xJwGif opf&Guf0ga&$wdk@u jzwfoef;
aºuGusvmaeyHkrSm yef;csDum;. wu,fh touf
0dnmOf tvSty jzpfaeavonf? awmtkyf
ndK@ndK@ yef;csDum;xJ&Sd xdkvrf;uav;ay:wGif
usaemf a&mufoGm;aejcif;jzpfonf? xkdvrf;u
av;ay:wGif wjznf;jznf;wa&GŒa&GŒ av#mufae
onf ? usaemf b,f r S m a&muf a ew,f q d k w m
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
usaemfheHab;wGif tdyfarmusaeaom orD;av;
uodyghrvm;? odEkdifrSmr[kwf? usaemfudk,fwdkif
vnf ; jrw0uf a&$ w 0uf awmtk y f n d K @nd K @/
aejcnfr#ifwef;/ a0h0JaºuGqif; &Guf0g+yD;awmh
&GufaºuGwdk@zHk;aom vrf;uav;eJ@om xdawG@
aeonf ? usef w mawG bmrS rod j rif a wmh ?
yef;csDum;u pdwftnpfta=u;wkd@udk xm;&pf
apcJh+yD; yef;csDum;zGJ@pnf;r_ tvSw&m; ndK@ac:&m
aemufodk@ vdkufvmcJhonf? xdkvrf;uav; ay:
wGif aysmfydkufESpf+cdKufpGm wa&GŒa&GŒ av#mufvSrf;
aecJo h nf? rE aW v; uuWyD gajcn‡yzf ed yfukd pD;xm;
aom usaemfah jcaxmuftpHu k &Gu0f g&uG af jcmuf
wk@d EiS hf wd@k cwfro
d nf? wcgw&H eif;vdu k rf o
d nf? *i,f
yHko¿mef vdrfajcmufauG@aumuf opf&Gufu
cGyu f eJ@jrnfum usecf o hJ nf? avjynfu odru hf eJ
wku d cf wfaomtcg *|r;f xd;k aumifawGvkd opf&u G f
aºuGwdk@rSm avxJwGif vl;vdrfhygoGm;onf? &Guf
ajcmufwkd;cwfoH/ ava¹cGoHwdk@u awmtkyf.
aw;oH/ vrf;uav;ay:u *DwoHpOf aw;oGm;
rsm;jzpfoGm;onf? usaemfvnf; vrf;uav;ay:
wGif &GufaºuGrsm;uJhodk@ arsmygoGm;aeavonf?
wbuf+cHu pl;&S&S acG;a[mifoHu
usaemfha&SŒu umqD;[ef@wm;vdkufawmhrS vrf;
av#mufajcvSrf;ukd zswfueJ@ wHk@&yfvdkuf&onf?
+cHpnf;±dk;ukdacG;ESpfaumifu wtm; ckefwdk;aerSef;
odomonf? ±dk;±dk;acG;a[mifoH r[kwfawmh?
usaemfhtdrf+cHtwGif;odk@ vlpdrf;wa,muf 0ifvm
ae+yDqdkonfukd odvdkufonf? xdktoduyif
yef;csDum;ay: a&muf&Sdaeaom tm±Hkt=unhf
wdk@ukd ±kwfw&uf jzwfawmufrdv#ufom; jzpfap
cJo
h nf? eH&w H iG f uk,
d w
f 0ufarS;rSx
D m;&mrS xvm
23
 armifpdk;csdef
um uef@vef@umóud;ukd qGzJ iG hf rwif=unhrf o d nf?
tdraf emufbufo@kd vSr;f uJ=unfv h u kd rf pd Of v#ypf pf
rDwm vdkufrSwfaeaom tvkyform;ukd awG@&
onf? a=omf æ 'ga=umifhyJjzpfr,f? tvkyform;
u tdrf+cHxJu jyefxGufoGm;+yD/ wzuf+cHxJrS
acG;ESpfaumifESihf acG;ykdif&Sif vifr,m; ESpfa,muf
ukd awG@&onf?
trsd K ;om;u abmif ; bD w d k u av;
wxnfom 0wfxm;onf? trsKd ;orD;u &ifom;
rvH@k wvH/k b&mZD,mudk &ifom;ay:wGif csw d of idk ;f
wifxm;onf? abmif;bDwu dk av;u olrwifom;
ESifh aygifwHwdk@udk yuwdtvStwdkif; wpf˜&pf
ay:vGifaponf? ESpfa,mufpvHk;rSm t&yfjrifhjrifh/
Avaumif;aumif; tom;jzLeDpyf/ olwdk@ ZeD;
armifESHu twGJnDonf? ayG@zuf =unfp,f&if;
waomaom &,faewwf=uao;onf? aEGv,f
aEG . aea&mif x J w G i f aejcnf v _ H tyl c H u m
jruf&dwf=u/ yef;yif pdkufysdK;ae=ujcif; jzpfonf?
a&mufpu +cHpnf;±d;k ab;wGif olw@dk ZeD;armifEEHS iS hf
rdwfqufpum;ajymzl;onf? wvd_ufwvJS vuf
qGJE_wfqufcJhzl;onf? aemufw}udrf [kdbuf+cH/
'D b uf + cH r S vS r f ; awG @ =upOf vuf j yE_ w f q uf
“[dik ;f ” vkyzf ;l onf? olw@kd EpS af ,muf&ŒJ emrnfukd
,ck jyefpOf;pm;=unfhawmh pdwftrSwfpufxJwGif
a&;a&;r#yif ay:rvmawmh? trsKd ;om;u wifroD
avmf*ifvm;/ *sief v D m;/ trsKd ;orD;u uufov D m;/
*seDzmvm;/ olwdk@ZeD;armifESH. emrnfESpfvHk;u
cJom;awG jzpfomG ;avovm; rod? pdwt f rSwpf uf
a&atmufxJwGif pkef;pkef; epfjrKyfoGm;=uacs+yD?
pOf;pm;=unfh&if;u usaemfhrdwfaqG abmhAfESifh
ol@ZeD;uufou D kd ajy;jrif owd&vmonf? uufoD
u abmhA&f ŒJ ZeD;vm; *Jvzf &if;(Girl friend)vm;?
raocsm? aocsmwmu uufoDqdkwJhemrnfyJ?
[kw+f yD uufo/D uufo?D [db k uf+cu
H trsKd ;wrD;u
uufoD rjzpfEdkifawmh? *sifeD/ [kwfw,f*sifeD?
24
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
2
usaemfh tm±Ht k =unfw h @kd u [kwd zuf+cH
*sifeDwdk@ZeD;armifESHxHrS cGJcGmvmcJhum pdrf;&ifh&ifh
opfyifxyd zf sm;ay:u vSr;f ausm=f unfv h #if jrifEikd f
onfh rdk;jymaumif;uifodk@ a&mufESifhaeonf?
wdrfr#ifwdrfwdkufwdk@u av[kefpD;um vGifharsm
ae=unf? zkef;qufoG,fr_utp &if;ESD;qufqHr_
wES p f e D ; yg; jywf a wmuf a ecJ h o nf h abmAf E S i f h
uufoDudk pdwfxJwGif jrifawG@ae&onf?
armfawmfum;pwD&m&if xkwv f yk of nfh
puf±HkwGif abmhAfudk pwifodcJh&onf? rsufESm
ar;±d k ; aigaig/ rk w f q d w f a r$ ; xl y spf / qH y if u d k
b,fawmhrS zD;oifavhr&Sd? rsufvHk;awGu ZD;
uGufrsufvHk;/ jyL;us,fus,f? t&yfu odyfrjrifh?
a&SŒoGm;wacsmif;u usdK;aeonf? ol&,fvdkuf
wdkif; oGm;jywif;aygufudk awG@&onf? olum;
ysuv f #if ol@trd Ef iS phf uf±kH t}uKd tyd@k vkyaf y;&onf?
wcgw&H usaemfhum;udk ArmrdwfaqGu iSm;&rf;
xm;wJhae@awGrSm abmhAfu usaemfhudk vm}udK
wwfonf? tar&duefawGxw J iG f abmhAaf vmuf
cyfwHk;wHk;cyftt vlrsdK; &Sdrnfrxif? EkdifiHa&;udk
vHk;0pdwfr0ifpm;? urBm@EkdifiHa&;vnf; rod?
owif;awGxu J wqifh urBm}uD; bmjzpfaew,f
qdkwm ±dk;wdk;&dyfwdyf od±HkuvGJvdk@ pdwfr0ifpm;?
orRwqdw k hJ wdik ;f jynf&ŒJ acgi;f aqmifukd olaomuf
aewJh t&ufavmuf ol*±krpdkuf? ab;csdwfxm;
wwfo?l orRwqdw k mu igw@kd ukd tdr0f ,fay;r,fh
ol r[kwfbl;? aºuG;qyfay;r,fhol r[kwfbl;?
aºuG;wifatmifyJ vkyfEdkifwm? orRw tawmf
rsm;rsm;[m urBm@vo l m;awG ±_yaf xG;oGm;atmif
vdkuf±_yfaewJh vl&_yfvlayGawGyg? 'DvdkyJ oljrifwm
udk ajymavh&w dS ,f? ol@rmS }uD;rm;wJh ar#mv f ifch suf
bmrSr&Sd? tem*wfqdkwm &Sdaum&Sd&JŒvm;? ol
AD,uferfppfyGJeJ@ }uHKcJhzl;onf? ppfom;rvkyfvdkwJh
armifpdk;csdef
abmhAf? ppfudkrkef;onf? ppfom;qdkwm tpdk;&&JŒ
"m;pmcHtjzpfe@J olu ±_jrifxm;onf? ol@twGuf
t&ufaps;E_ef; wufrvmzdk@yJ vdkonf? t&uf
jyif;jyif;/ pD;u&uf 'D*&Djyif;jyif;udk w±d_ufrufruf
cspfcifol? aoae@ apmifhaeonfh orD;av;udk
=unf&h if; æ =unfh&if; t&ufykvif;xJrSm ol@
b0udk pdrfxm;onf? uufoDudkawmh æ b0u
'%f&mawG &xm;+yD;om;? a&m*gxlajym+yD;om;?
aemuf x yf '%f & mtopf a&m*gtopf a wG
xyf,lrvmeJ@? tcsdefwefvdk@ tdrfjyefa&mufvm
wJh uufoD[m a&m*go,frvmcJhwJh cspfp&m
rdef;ryJ[k óuH;0g;avh&Sdonf? ol@udkvdkufydk@wJhae@
qd&k if um;xJa&mufonfEiS hf t&ufjyif;wcGuu f kd
aomufcsvdkufonf? aq;vdyfudkawmh usaemfu
awmif;yefxm;ojzifh ayaw+yD; raomufbJ
atmifhtD; apmifhpnf;xm;&onf? wvrf;vHk;
&ifzGifhawmhwmyJ? usaemfu ol@w&m;udk em&ol?
pum; axmufay;ol?
usaemfhrdwfaqG abmhAfudk b,fvdk
em;vnf&rSef;rod? olwyg;udpu P kd em;vnfatmif
róud;pm;csifwmvJygw,f? róud;pm;vdkawmh?
tdrftxd vdkufydk@ay;&wJhae@awGrSm abmhAfu
tdrfxJtxd vdkufvnfzdk@ wcgrS rzdwf=um;cJh?
uufoDudk oHk;av;}udrf vSrf;jrifawG@zl;onf?
“aeaumif;vm;”qdkwmavmufyJ E_wfqufzl;
onf? u|rf;0ifr_r&dS? uufoDu oabmaumif;yHk
&onf? cyf,Jh,Jh òyH;wwfonfh olr? tdyfa&;ysuf
aygif;rsm;cJhojzifh aigifpif;pif; jzpfaeovdkrsdK;
EGrf;vsaewwfonfudk jrifzl;onf? xl;uJr_ r&Sd
aomfvnf; omref &Guf=urf;a&csdKxuf omvGef
onfhtvSrsdK; olrrSm &Sdaeao;onf? a&m*gonf
orD;av; qdkwmudkvnf; rjrifzl;cJh?
olwkd@rdom;pkudk aemufqHk; awG@cJh&
onfhae@rSmrS a&m*gonforD;av;udk jrifawG@
zl ; jcif ; jzpf o nf ? uuf o D u d k v nf ; xd k n rS m yJ
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
odu|rf; &if;ESD;oGm;onf ? orD;ESifhuufoDudk
awG@&awmh usaemfh&ifonf yGifhxGufrwwf ckef
jrnfaeawmhonf? t&m&mrSm tm±HkcHpm;r_ pl;&S
jyif;ai:wwfonfh usaemfhtzdk@ olwdk@ESifhawG@awmh
usaemfh&ifonf tyfwzsm;pmyifrusef v_dif;xef
yJhwifaeawmhonf? pGJpGJ+rJ+rJ usaemf rSwfrdonfh
tcsufrSm usaemfh trlt&mtm;vHk; rsufvHk;
awGutp rtH=h o rxdwv f ef@atmif tda¹EN qnf
xm;&jcif;yif jzpfonf? &ifhusuf+yD;om;yg?
'gawGu ty&duygqdkwJh [efyefrsdK; o±kyfo¿ef
rsdK; &Sdvmatmif pdwfxdef; csKyfwnf;xm;&onf?
uufoDudkawG@&awmh usaemfhacgif;u tdk;xdef;
pufvdk csmcsmvnfoGm;onf? &ifckefoHu ajy;
aqmifhonf? usaemfhajcaxmuftpHku urBm
ajrjyifESifh acwW vGwfxGufoGm;onf?
xdkae@nu abmhAfu zkef;eJ@vSrf;+yD;
tultnD awmif;onf? rSwfrSwf&& paeae@
nwn?‘atmif æ rif;udk jrefjref tdrfvmaphcsif
w,f? vmEdkifrvm; ’[kxyfar;onf? ol@toH
u wkefaeonf? usaemfu bma=umifhvJqdk+yD;
xyfrar;Edik af wmh? ‘vmEdik w f ,f æ ’ vd@k yJ ajzum
um;tjrefE_ef;ESifh armif;oGm;&onf? tdrfa&muf
awmh xifxm;onfhtwdkif;yif a&m*gonf orD;
av;u aemufqHk;xGufoufudk r±_rvS cHpm;&if;
apmifhaeonfudk awG@&onf? abmhAfu t&ufudk
ayayawaw aomufxm;aomfvnf; [efrysuf
xde;f xm;um orD;av; ukwifab;wGif awGai;
&yfaeonfuk d awG@vu k d &f onf? abmhAu f uufou D dk
oGm;ac:ay;zd@k ajymonf? vdypf mESih f vrf;n$eaf y;onf?
“t0if0rSm wpfa':vmay;vdkuf/ [dk
a&muf&ifuufoDudk rif;awG@ygvdrfhr,f? igv$wf
vdu k v f @kd vmac:wmvd@k ajym æ/ 'Dpmudk ol@ukd jyvdu k f
uGm? +y;D &ifrif;u ol@ukd um;ay:wifac:+y;D tdru f kd
jyefvmcJ?h igu h kd ulnED ikd rf ,fo
h ql v
kd @kd rif;wa,mufyJ
&Sv
d @kyd g? igb,fo@luk d rStultnDrawmif;csib f ;l /
25
armifpdk;csdef
em;vnfay;yg ”
usaemfu ol@ukyfydk;udk cyfjyif;jyif;
qkyfn‡pf&if; orD;av;udk aq;±Hkykd@zkd@ ajymonf?
aq;±Hkukd zkef;qufxm;yghr,f[k ajymum usaemfh
aemuf a usmbuf w G i f usef c J h o nf ? òrd @ pG e f
awmifydkif;uae òrdŒxJjyefarmif;&onf? orD;u
ukd;ESpforD;/ t±dk;ay:ta&wifae+yD? tdyf&mxJ
uae aoae@ukd apmifah e&onfu h av;/ 'Dwcgawmh
&SifoefcGifh&SdrSm r[kwfawmhbl; xifyg&JŒ? a&m*g
onfuav;. ±kyyf v kH m$ u usaemfh rsuv f ;kH tdrx
f J
uyf+idygvmcJhonf? rdepfESpfq,fr# um;armif;
t+yD;rSm uufoD&Sd&m nuvyfodk@ a&mufvmcJh
onf? vGefcJhonfhESpfu 'DnuvyfrSm vlowfr_
ypfcwfr_jzpfcJha=umif; owif;pmxJwGif zwfcJhzl;
onf? xdktodu nuvyf taqmuftOD;xJ
wGef;zGifh0if&eftwGuf ajcvSrf;udk wHk@aponf?
usaemf tar&dua&mufuxJu b,ft&ufqikd /f
b,fbm;/ b,fnuvyfurdk S ra&mufc?hJ a&mufz@kd
vnf; r}udK;pm;cJah y? oGm;zl;olawG ajymjycsuEf iS hf
yif pdwfnpfcJhzl;onf? ,ck ra&SmifomonfhtqHk;
'Dnuvyfudk 0ifvmcJh&jcif;udku rdrdudk,frdrd
oabmrusawmh? abmhAfudkrS vm+yD;cifrifcJh&
ovm; æ [k tjypf w if & rvd k jzpf a eonf ?
tJ'Dvdkvnf; tjypfrwif&uf jyefay?
owWdarG; t&JpGef@um nuvyfxJodk@
0ifvmcJh&onf? bmjzpf&tHk;rSmvJ? vlowfukef;
ppfyGJqD oGm;aewmrS r[kwfbJ? tarSmifcs+yD;
rD;a&mifpkH òyd;jyuf0if;vuf/ aw;*DwjrL;ºuG/ t&uf
aumifwmwdk@ESifh zGJ@pnf;xm;aom nuvyf
tcef;udk rdwfquf pwifxdawG@&onf? txJ
a&mufawmh aumifwma&SŒrSm cyfwnfwnfESifh
&yfvdkuf+yD; uufoDudk vdkuf&Smonf? aumifwm
a&SŒrSm uufoDudk rawG@&? awG@rnfhawG@awmh
pifjrifah y:wGif ±d;_ *Jvt f jzpf uufou D kd awG@&onf?
[d k u f c eJ wk e f c gv_ y f & S m ;oG m ;onf ? atmuf c H
26
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
abmif;bDyg;yg;vsvs/ avsmh&J&JuvGJvdk@ olr
cE<mudk,fay:wGif bmrS tumtuG,f r&Sdawmh?
0wfvpfpvpf? rvH@k wvHk atmufcaH bmif;bDwiG f
a':vmaiG puULrsm;u oD;aeonf? jymwvJS@/
0gwvSJ@/ eDwvSJ@/ rD;a&mifatmufwGif aw;oGm;
tvdkuf ucsdK;trsdK;rsdK; ajymif;oGm;um tuudk
zefqif;/ umrudk jr‡LqG,f&onf? yk&dowdk@.
&m*pdwfudk Ekd;ºuGyl&Sdef;vmatmif jr‡L&/ uvl&
onf? t&ufcdk;wdk@jzifh &Da0aeaom ouf}uD;
&G,t f akd wGuykd gawG@awmh xyf+yD;tH=h o&jyefonf?
'Dt&yfa'oudk bma=umifhvmcJh&wmvJ? bm
a=umifha&mufvmcJh&wmvJ? vlr_aA'todu
usaemfhrSm usOf;ajrmif;vGef; aeovm;rodawmh?
tm;vHk;udk &mZ0wfaumifawGtjzpf tjypfawGyJ
jrifaerdawmhonf? uufoDu wdkifudkzuf/ a¹rG
waumif v k d aZmuf x k d ; wjznf ; jznf ; yG w f + yD ;
pD;qif; æ / cg;udk aumhvefauG;nGw/f tbk;d }uD;xH
wa&GŒa&GŒwdk;oGm;/ wGJ&&GJusqif;aeaom &ifom;
tpHkudk vufESpfzufjzifh r˜um tbdk;}uD;rsufESm
ESifh xdyGef;vdkufonf? oHk;puUef@r# &Sdvdrfhrnf?
tbk;d }uD;vufxJrS a':vm aiGpuULacgufonf
uufoD. abmif;bD om;a&uGif;wGif csdwf+yD;
ygvmcJhonf?
wdyfacGjzifh zGifhxm;aom oDcsif;udk
+yD;onftxd apmifh&vdrfhrnf? ighES,f jzpf&av
jcif;[k æ woo &ifwGif;rSm ajymaerdonf?
nuvyf. azmufonfawG aeyHx k idk yf kH ae&m,lykH
ud k tuJ c wf + yD ; wmES i f h xd k i f c H k v G w f w ck w G i f
0if x d k i f v d k u f o nf ? wu,f u nuvyf t
a=umif;udk nuvyfuyJ oifay;wmygy?J uufoD
,ckvkd 0ifxikd v f u kd w f mudk awG@omG ;+yDvm;? umr
&m*pdwu f dk cyf±ikd ;f ±dik ;f ndK‡ Œac:&ma'o cHjk rifx h ufrS
uufoD qif;vmum usaemfhxHodk@ vmaejcif;
jzpfonf[k xifcJhrdonf? wu,fu usaemf
a&mufaerSef; odrSmawmifr[kwf? xkdifcHk q,fcHk
armifpdk;csdef
pmr#wif csxm;onf ? uk v m;xd k i f w ef ; &J @
yxrqH k ; xd y f u vl & J Πrsuf E S m ay:ud k twG , f
twmrJh &ifom;ESpfr$mESifh xdawG@yGwfoyf acsmhjrL
ay;vdkufonf? uufoDu &m*txdtawG@udk
ay;um aiGu, kd o
l nf? aiGtrJvu kd o f rm; uufoD
yk&do}uD;i,fwdk@u ±_d;*Jvfr,f Áwˆd,uufoD
xH r S &m*txd t awG @ umrtaiG @ touf u d k
&,lum aiGa=u;wefz;kd udk ay;acsonf? &m* trJ
vdkufyk&do? pdwftyef;ajzr_vm; pdwf"mwftm;
opf avmif;yGJvm;? cspfol(odk@r[kwf) ZeD;r&SdI
tpm;xkd; cHpm;jcif;vm;? umr taiG@toufukd
&,lum aiGa=u;wdk@vJvS,fzvS,f&m aps;uGuf
yk&doESifhÁwWd,wdk@. yÉdyuQppfyGJudk cif;usif;
jyojcif;yJvm;? tawG;xJepfoGm;vdkuf/ ay:vm
vdkuf/ &ifu w'def;'def;ckefjrnfaeonf? rsufESm
wckvHk; yl&Sdef;xltef;vmonf? &Suf&GHŒwkefv_yf
r_u tcdk;taiG@ysHum &if&JŒteuf±d_if;qHk; axmifh
wae&mrSm wpdrphf rd phf ;D xGuaf eovdyk gy?J u|eaf emfh
wa,muf a usmf u vl & J @ aygif a y:rS m uuf o D
xdkifcsvdkufonf? +yD;awmh uufoDuyif xkdvl.
vnfwdkifukd okdif;zufxm;vdkufonf? xdkol.
rsuEf mS u uufo&hD ifciG x f J &ifom;ESprf m$ xJ wk;d 0if
epfjrKyfoGm;onf? xdkolum; ,pfrl;&Da0 oGm;av
+yDvm;yifrod?
“uufoD æ a[m'DrSm t æ abmhAf
ay;vdkufwJhpmyJ? eifhudkvmac:wm? eifhorD;av;
aovke;D yg; cHpm;ae&w,f? tdrjf yef=upd@k æ eifu h kd
apmifhae=uav&JŒ? tjrefjyefrS aumif;vdrfhr,f ”
“[if æ &Siu f abmhA&f ŒJ rdwaf qG atmif
r[kwfvm; ”
usaemf h a &S @ wnf h w nf h u d k uuf o D
a&mufvm+yD; olr&ifom;ESifh ryGwfoyf rwdk@xd
ao;rD taqmwvsif vufOD;r_,lum olrudk
pum;vnf;ajym/ pmvnf;ay;vdu k &f onf? pmudk
rzwfawmhbJ vufxrJ mS qkyn f p‡ x f m;vduk o
f nf?
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
ig;puUef@r# =umvdrfhrnf? +idrfouf cE<mudk,fudk
v_yfvdkufum cg;udkwqpfcsdK;n$wfauG;+yD; usaemfh
rsufESmqDodk@ olursufESm wdk;uyfvmonf?
+yD;awmh wkd;uyfpGmajymonf? 'DoDcsif; +yD;wmeJ@
usr vdkufcJhyghr,f? tjyifu apmifhaeygaemf æ
qdk+yD; awmif;yefoHESifh ajymonf?
aumufumiifumx+yD; usaemf xGuf
vmcJhonf? nuvyf. jyifywGif vlajcwdwfp
ðyae+yD? yk&dowdk@. umr&ifckefoH pnf;csuf
twdkif; nuvyf *DwAHkoHu pnf;csuf csay;
aeonf? *D w oH p Of u nuvyf . jyif y od k @
cyfwdk;wdk; pdrfhxGufvmaeonf?
uufoDxGufvmonfESifh usaemfhum;
&Sd&mqDodk@ usaemfoGm;ESifhonf? usaemfh aemuf
ausmbuf w G i f ol r ygvmcJ h o nf ? um;wH c g;
zGifh+yD;onfESifh pD;u&ufudk E_wfquf ±d_uf,l
vdu k o f nf? um;udk armif;xGuv f mcJph Of t&ufe@H /
pD;u&ufeJ@/ pl;&S&S a&ar$;eH@wdk@u usaemfhtm;
rl;a0 aemufusdapavonf?
“ 'Dae&mudk atmif t&ifu a&mufcJh
zl;vm; ”
“ 'gyxrqHk;ygyJ? b,fuvyf b,f
bm;udkrS igroGm;cJhbl;? eifwkd@rdom;pkudk cifrifvdk@
igulnD&if; rawmfwq 'Dudka&mufvmcJhwm?
rjzpfraevmcJh&vdk@ a&mufcJh&wm?
“aqm&D;yJ atmif/ &SifhtwGuf usr
pdwfraumif; ygbl;av ”
'DtjyifbmrS pum;p&Smr&? E_wfqdwf
vmcJh=uonf? pufqkyfrowDonfh yHkyef;rsdK;
ray:oGm;atmif usaemfu tpGrf;ukef zHk;zdxm;&
onf? olruawmh usaemfhpdwfudk &dyfrdyHk &ae
ovdyk ?J xd@k a=umifyh if jzpfrnf? usaemfu h kd uufoD
tm;emem &Su&f ŒHG &GŒH jzpfaeonf? pum;awG azmif
rzGJ@Edkifawmh? nuvyf. a':vmrkqdk;[k usaemf
xifjrifcrhJ jd cif;u rSm;oGm;+yDvm;? usaemf ar;vduk f
27
armifpdk;csdef
csifonf? ta&;w}uD; ar;cGef;awGu [dk; æ
&ifacgi;f qDrS xGuv f mcJah omfvnf; E_wzf sm;a&muf
awmh aysmuf&S v$ifhpifoGm;onf? uufoDukd 'D
vkyfief;udk vkyf&wm pdwfESpf+cdKufrdygovm;/
aysmyf g; tm;&ygovm;/ 'gukd ar;=unfhcsifonf?
wu,fvkd@ olru acgif;udk twGifwGifcg&rf;um
rsuv f ;kH tdrx f w
J iG f rsu&f nf rsm;a0h0v J m+yDqv kd #if
æ usaemf em;vnfoGm;rSm jzpfonf? ,ckxd
ar;cGe;f u &ifrw S qifh E_wcf rf;wGif qG@H taeonf?
'DavmufvJ r±dik ;f ysoifb h ;l [k usaemfu
h ,
dk u
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uufoDtdrfodk@ ra&mufrDuwnf;u
rD;a&mif+ydK;jyufaeonfh aq;±Hkum;udk vSrf;awG@
&onf? um;&yfonfESihfum;ay:rS tajy;tv$m;
qif; tdrfwHcg;wGef;zGifh tdrfxJ uokwfu&uf
0ifoGm;=uonf? orD;av;tavmif;udk t0wf
jzLESifhxkyf&ef toifhjyifxm;=u+yD;om; jzpfae
onfudk awG@&onf? aq;±Hk tvkyform;rsm;u
tvk y f ± _ y f a e=uonf ? abmh A f u uuf o D u d k
vSrf;=unfh&if; rsuf&nfpufrsm; pD;oG,fusvm
aeonf? ol@E_wfcrf;udk zdudkufxm;aomfvnf;
E_ w f c rf ; awG u wqwf q wf v _ y f a eonf ?
uufoDrSm uav;tavmif;&Sd&modk@ a&mufvm
onfESifh ‘orD; ±dkpDa&’[k wcsuf atmf[pf&if;
±d_ufoHeifhueJ idkcsvdkufonf? ‘a[m'DrSm ±dkpDh
twGuf aiGawG æ ’[k xyf+yD;[pfaºuG;um olr
vufxrJ mS qkyn f p‡ vf ;kH acsxm;+yD;om; aiGpuULxkyf
udk uav;&iftHkay:odk@ jzef@}uJv$wfcsvkdufonf?
tonf;ESvHk; usdK;a=u pdwfr$m aygufuGJ vGrf;
qGwfzG,f idkaºuG;oHawGu tdrfcef;wckvHk;udk
v$r;f oGm;onf? olw@kd o;kH OD;ud=k unfu h m usaemfyg
qdk@eifha=uuGJ vmaerdawmhonf?
‘tarwm0efrausygbl; orD;&,f æ
orD;u uHqdk;rav;yg æ’qdkonfh uufoD.
pum;vHk;awGu pufqkyfaerdonfh usaemfh&ifudk
28
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
vmI xd r S e f a vonf ? abmh A f u uuf o D x H
a&mufvmum tomt,m az;r wGJac:oGm;
onf? usaemfu aq;±Ht k vkyo f rm;rsm; tavmif;
xkyfydk; aq;±HkvSnf;ay: wifaeonfudk 0dkif;0ef;
vkyfay;aerdonf? aq;±Hkwm0efcHu abmhAfudk
ac:+yD; toifh,lvmonfh pm&Gufrsm;ay:wGif
a&;cd k i f ; vuf r S w f x d k ; cd k i f ; onf ? abmh A f u
‘igpmrSrwwfbJ ’ [k wcsufyJ jyefajymEdkifonf?
wDaumifudk qm;eJ@yufovdk usaemfh cE<mudk,f
onf wcsuf v_ y f w G e f @ oG m ;onf ? abmh A f v d k
pmrwwfwJhvlawG b,favmufrsm;rsm; &SdrvJ?
usaemfu aq;±Hkpm&Gufay:wGif abmhAfudk,fpm;
a&;ay;ae&onf ? “uk e f u saiG r S e f o r# usaemf
ay;ygh r ,f æ [k uwd j yKygonf ” qd k o nf h
pma=umif;udk a&;ay;&onf? abmhAfu vufrSwf
udkyif ajzmifhajzmifhrxkd;wwf?
aq;±Hkum; armif;xGufoGm;awmh ESpf
a,mufom; zufidk+yD; usefcJh=uonf? uufoDrSm
qdk@qdk@eifheifh a=uuGJaeavonf? usaemfu æ
‘rif;wdk@awGeJ@ xyfwlxyfr# igcHpm;&ygw,f/ pdwf
raumif;ygbl;’[lIr#omajymEdkifonf? bmvkyf
&rSef;vJ rodyg? tar&duefwdk@. xHk;pHudkvnf;
usaemfu odrxm;? avhvmrxm;/ abmhAfu
bD±dkxJrS t&ufykvif;udk xkwf,lum zefcGufxJ
iS J @ +yD ; wusd K uf u sd K uf aomuf y pf v d k u f o nf ?
uufoDu qdkzmay:odk@ t±kyf}udK;jywf xdkifcs
vdkufonf? usaemfESifh abmhAfu pm;yGJay:wGif
oGm;xdkif=uonf?
“±dkpDukd igeJ@arG;wJhorD;vdk igwu,f
cspfcJhwmyg atmif&,f æ ,Hkyg? ighvufxJrSm
}uD;jyif;vmcJhwJh orD;/ ighudk zatt&if;vdk cspf&Sm
ygw,f? ighudk zatt&if;vdk@yJ owfrSwfwm æ
zatt&if ; b,f o l b ,f 0 g jzpf w ,f q d k w m
uufoDudk,fwdkifrS rodcJh&bJ? 'Dawmh igu ±dkpD
 armifpdk;csdef
tazyJ? aoG;upum;rajymbl;/ ESvHk;om;u
pum;ajymwmuG atmif&JŒ ”
xyf+y;D wcGuw f ifvu kd jf yefonf? E_wcf rf;
ay:wGif wifusefaeaom t&uf tptersm;udk
nmvuf=urf;}u;D ESihf yGwo f yf okwzf ,fvu kd yf rkH mS
toufygvGef;onf? wcsufwcsuf ,dkifeJ@oGm;
avonf? uufoDxdkif&mrS xvmcJhum abmhAf
teD;ok@d a&mufvmonf? abmhAv f ufxrJ S zefcu
udkvSrf;,l+yD; t&ufwcGuf aomufcsvdkufonf?
pD;u&ufudk rD;cdk;aysmuf ±d_ufvdkufonf? +yD;awmh
usaemfu h kd awmif;yefoEH iS hf ajymonf? olrE_wcf rf;
u wqwfqwf wkef,ifaeqJ?
“tdrfu um;ysufaewHk; atmifhudkyJ
tultnD xyfawmif;yg&ap? usrudk nuvyf
udk jyefydk@ay;yg? tjyefrSmawmh vlóuHeJ@ jyefvdkuf
vmcJh&rSmaygh ”
uav;aoqHk;oGm;+yD jzpfaomfvnf;
0rf;enf;a=uuGJzdk@ tcsdef r,lEdkifawmhbl;vm;?
usaemfrar;csifawmh? wm;jrpfzdk@wm0ef usaemfh
rSmr&S?d abmhAu f pm;yGrJ suEf mS jyifay:u oH;k yGiq hf ikd f
pkaeaom jym;aphav;oH;k aphukd pdu k =f unfah eonf?
jym;aphoHk;aph pkpnf;aeonfh taetxm;qDrS
abmhAfu waphudk wa&GŒa&GŒ cGJxkwfvdkufonf?
rsuf & nf w ayguf u xd k j ym;aph u av;ay:od k @
aºuGqif;usoGm;onf? wckckudk pOf;pm; cHpm;
aejcif; jzpfayvdrfhr,f?
“'Dn rif;tem;,loifhw,f uufoD
&,fov d m; æ igo h rD;av;twGuf igw@kd EpS af ,muf
cGJxGufroGm;Edkifatmif oDxm;wJh oDóud;uav;
twGuf tm;&yg;& igw@kd idv k u
kd =f u&atmifvm;”
“Eku
d u f vyfrmS acwfay:wD;vH;k oDcsi;f
oGm;awGeJ@ usrusdwf+yD; idkvdkufyghr,f? pdwfcsyg?
[dkrSmvJ usdwfidkvdk@ &wmyJ[m? 'DnusrS vlu
usvdkufwmvGefa&m/ orD;twGuf aq;±Hkum;
iSm;c/ vlemðypkcawG ay;&tHk;r,fqdkwm &SifvJ
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
todyJ? qkawmif;yJGvkyfzkd@vJ ukefustHk;rSm? usr
&ifxJrSm ±dkpD&SdaerSmyg? aoG;uifqmvdk a&m*gqdk;
awG uif;pifomG ;wJh ±dpk t D jzpfe@J usr&ifxrJ mS &Sad e
rSmyg? usr qkawmif;aerSmyg? orD;av; pm;csif
wJh taumif;pm; tpm;tpmawG 0wfcsifwJh
taumif ; pm; t0wf t pm; vS v S a v;awG /
wef z d k ; }uD ; }uD ; ay;&ayr,f h upm;p&mawG u d k
G f usrwdk@ 0,fay;EdkifcJhvdk@vm;? ajymvdkufprf;yg
abmhA&f ,f æ usruk, d u f sr b,fawmhrS cGiv hf w
$ f
vdk@ &rSmr[kwfbl;? 'gawGudk a=uuGJvkd@rqHk; jzpf
wm bk&m;ocifyJ odw,f? ±dkpDa& tarhudk cGifh
v$wfyg? orD;udk aq;ukocJhwJh aºuG;awGaus&if
usr 'D t vk y f u xG u f y gawmh r ,f ? 'D t vk y f
vky&f wm wu,fu h kd raysmyf u kd yf gb;l av? vm æ
oGm;=updk@ atmif / usrudk vkdufydk@ay;ygaemf ”
ajymajymqkq d Edk iS yhf if pm;yGu J kd ausmcdik ;f
+yD; uufoDu xGufcGmpðyaeonf? abmhAfukd
wcsufvSrf;=unfh+yD; uufoDhaemufudk usaemf
vdkufvmcJh&onf? nuvyfrSm r$efxl+yD; &ifckef
cJh&onfh &ifckefoHonf aysmufvGifh xGufajy;
oGm;cJ&h +yD? a=uuGrJ _ v$r;f ,Sux f m;onfh 0rf;enf;
r_ b0ifrusr_wkd@u &ifxJrSm tpm;xdk; ae&m
0if,cl =hJ uonf? um;udk cyfou G o f u
G f armif;xGuf
vmcJh=uonf? uufoDxHrS pum;wcGef;r#yif
r=um;&awmh? olrpdwfu ±dkpDqD a&muf&SdoGm;
ae+yDvm;? tylaºuG; tokbaºuG;awGxH a&muf
oGm;&if; vd_ufarmaejcif;vm;? abmhAfta=umif;
awG;awmaewmvm;? olr wdwfqdwfpGm ygvm
cJhonf?
vrf;w0ufa&mufvmpOf um;udk
±kwfw&uf &yfcdkif;vdkufonf? usaemfu bkrod
brodESifh um;udk vrf;ab;xkd;qif;um &yfvdkuf
&onf?
“aqm&D; æ tvSjyifwJhtdwf tdrfrSm
usefcJhvdk@ usrtJ'gawG jyef,lyg&ap? tJ'gawG
ryg&if tvkyfjzpfrSm r[kwfbl;”
29
um;wHcg;udk ±kwfw&uf xk±dkufvdkuf
armifpdk;csdef
um ol@udk,fol rausreyfjzifh jrnfwGef awmuf
wD;aeonf? +yD;awmh usaemfhudkvnf; wav;
wpm; xyf+yD; awmif;yefaejyefonf? usaemfu
udpPr&Sdygbl;[kajymum um;udk tdrfbufodk@
OD;wnf+yD; jyefauG@armif;&onf? [kwaf wmhvnf;
t[kwfom;? olcE<mukd,f a&mif;ukefypPnf;udk
b,fvdkvkyf aq;qkd;yef;±dkuf tvSrjc,fbJ &eH@
jy,fjy,feJ@ a&mif;vdk@aumif;yghrvJ? a&mif;ukefESifh
aps;uGufta=umif; pOf;pm;p&m oJvGefp &vm
cJh&mu pm;oHk;ol azmufonfjzpfwJh yk&dowdk@
ta=umif;vnf; awG;awmaerdonf? tdrfa&SŒ
a&mufawmh wHcg;wGe;f zGi+hf yD;rqif;rD olru pum;
pvkdufonf?
“'Dnawmh atmifhudk usrwdk@ t}uD;
tus,f 'kuQay;ovdkawmhjzpfae+yD? ±dkpDhtwGuf
usr pdwfxdcdkuf&ovdk atmifhtwGufvJ pdwf
raumif;jzpf&w,f? 'DntpDtpOf usrajymif;
vkduf+yD? nuvyfudk usrjyefroGm;awmhbl;?
usrxyf+yD; awmif;yefyg&apaemf ”
“'gu 'k u Q a y;wmrS r [k w f w m
'Davmuf ulnDcGifh&wmudkyJ usaemfu 0rf;om
vS y g+yD ? bmrS t cuf t cJ r&S d y gbl ; ? uuf o D
nuvyfudk jyefoGm;r,fqdk&if usaemfhbufu
ul n D z d k @ toif h y gyJ ? uuf o D t vd k u s vk y f y g/
&ygw,fæ?”
“usrqH;k jzwf+yD;oGm;+yD? atmif tdru
jyefvdk@&yg+yD? usr'DntdrfrSmyJ tm;&yg;& &ifzGifh
+yD; idkvdkufygawmhr,f? aiGuusrudk rkqdk;b0
a&mufatmif ydk@ay;cJhwm? usru aiGyJvdktyfae
wmqdkawmh b0&JŒom;aumif/ aiG&JŒrkqdk;/ aiG&JŒ
aus;u|e/f &Siu hf kd trsm;}u;D aus;Zl;wifw,faemf”
aemufudkvSnfhr=unfhawmhbJ tdrfxJ
od@k wHcg;qGzJ iG hf 0ifomG ;onf? xkad e@nu abmhAEf iS hf
uufoDwdk@udk aemufqHk; awG@cJh&jcif;yif jzpfonf?
30
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
aemufydkif;abmhAfu w,fvDzkef; ESpf}udrf oHk;}udrf
qufygao;onf? tvkyfrSmvnf; ol@udk rawG@&
awmh? zkef;xJrSmyJ pum;ajym=u&onf? uufoD
ESifhol vrf;cJGvdkuf=u+yD[k qdkonf? uufoDu
ol@ukd xm;cJah vovm;/ oluyJ uufou D kd xm;cJh
avovm; qdkwmawmh ajymrjy/ usaemfvnf;
rar;rd?
3
ouf j yif ; wcsuf r#if ; csvd k u f o nf ?
pdrf;&ifh&ifh opfyifxdyfzsm;rS ausmfum rdk;aumif;
uif yifv,fjymxJ &Guv f i$ ahf eaom wdrrf #irf sm;qD
a&mufaeaom tm±Hkt=unfhESifh tawG;wdk@udk
Zmwfodrf;um apmapmutwdkif;yif eH&HwGif
udk,fw0uf arS;rSDxm;vkdufonf? usaemfha&SŒ
wnfhwnfheH&HwGif csdwfxm;aom yef;csDum;xJodk@
jyefa&mufoGm;onf? yef;csDum;xJu vrf;u
av;ay:od k @ pd w f u d k y k d @ vk d u f o nf ? orD ; av;
aty&,fpkd; odk@r[kwf tonf;av;óudufonfh
oD c sif ; av;wyk ' f u d k pzG i f h & ef usaemf h v uf u
uufqufcvkwfay:odk@ tvkdvdk a&mufoGm;ae
onf? eHab;wGif&Sdaeaom orD;av;udk zufayG@
xm;&if; &GufaºuGawmu vrf;uav;ay:wGif
usaemf a&mufaeavonf?
f kd
Ò Ò Ò
'DZifbm 5/ 2002
opPmtrSwf(1) /ar 2004
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

aoG;yifv,f

w,fvzD ek ;f xJuae “odcsiw f mawG&&dS if usrukd zke;f eJ@ xyfar;vd@k &ygw,fæ ar;yg æ uJ
'gyJaemf” [kE_wfqufum zkef;ukdcsvdkuf+yD;umrS wckckukd owd&vmonf? ajymvkduf&wmukd
tm;rvdt k m;r&jzpfomG ;wmvnf; jzpfEidk o f nf? jynfph ykH gh rvm;/ olaum tckajymwJt h csut f vuf
ta=umif;t&mawGukd wax&mxJ wxyfxJ wifjyEkdifyghrvm;?
tawG;xJwGif epf0ifoGm;onf? ajcvSrf;awG wvSrf;+yD;wvSrf; vSrf;vmcJhonfukd owd
r&awmh? tdrfa&SŒ{nfhcef; pm;yGJodk@ a&mufvmcJhonf? pm;yGJay:wGif wifxm;cJhaom aumfzDcGufukd
vSrf;+yD;prf;=unfhonf? w,fvDzkef;rvmcifu azsmfxm;cJhonfh aumfzDylylonf ,ckrl a&cJa&
jzpfaecJhonf? rdepfaygif;rsm;pGm urBmysuf}uD;ta=umif;ukd ajymjycJhonf? urBmysufxJu
aoG;yifv,fxJodk@ w,fvDzkef;ESifh oGm;=unfh=ujcif;jzpfonf? aoG;yifv,fESifh urBmysuf}uD;ukd
q,fEpS af usmu f usrwd@k &ifqidk jf zwfoef;cJ=h u&onf? xdpk Ofu ukpd ;kd csed v f nf; &Sad erSe;f rod/ od@k aomf
olu 'DaoG;yifv,f&ŒJ tpGet f zsm; 0ef;usiaf 'ouko d m a&muf&cdS jhJ cif;jzpfonf? ,ckrS w,fvzD ek ;f
xJuae ol@ukdac:oGm;cJh&wm/ vlawG&JŒaoG;awGeJ@ vkyfxm;wJh aoG;yifv,fxJrSm aoqHk;olawGeJ@
vkyfxm;wJh [kdwpk 'Dwpk u|ef;pkawGukd olawG@&SdoGm;cJhonf?
“q&mr a':wif&aD & æ usaemhaf cgi;f xJrmS aoG;n‡eD @H awG ±_u d ±f LS ae&+yD q&mr æ q&mr
ajymwm em;axmif&if; touf±z_ @kd awmif arhomG ;w,f æ 'Dwek ;f u q&mr aoG;rysub f ;l aemf æ
wu,fhukd csD;usL;ygw,f/ av;pm;ygw,fAsm æ”
aoG;rysufbl;vdk@ oluajymayr,fh wu,fu aoG;ysufp&m? aoG;ukdrjrif0Hhol/ pdwf"gwf
rcdkifrmonfholtwGuf aoG;ysufoGm;Ekdifwm trSefyif? odk@aomf xdkpOfu aoG;ysufzdk@ tcsdefr&
vdkufyg? olwdk@av;awG touf&Sifygapawmhvdk@qdk+yD; toufvkyGJawG wyGJ+yD;wyGJ &ifqdkifaecJh&
onfhtwGuf aoG;ysufzdk@tcsdef r&vdkuf?
tar&duefwGif udkpdk;csdefESihf vmqHkcJh=uonf? armfawmfum; pufypPnf;xkwfvkyfonfh
puf±HkwGif tvkyfvkyf&if; vmqHk=uonf? Armjynfukd vGrf;w&if; twdwfukd,fpDukd tvkyfxJwGif
ajymjzpf=uonf? aoG;yifv,fxJrS wdkufyGJawGta=umif; ajymjyonfhtcg ukdpdk;csdefu yg;pyf
ta[mif;om;ESifh &ifoyf±_arm em;axmifol? apmapmu w,fvDzkef;quf+yD; aoG;yifv,fxJu
tawG@tóuHawGukd xyf+yD;wl;qG az:,ljyefonf? 0wˆKa&;csifvdk@yg q&mr&,f[k qdkonf?
0wˆKukd b,fvdka&;rSmvJ? aoG;yifv,fxJu tjzpftysufawGudk jynfh0pHkvifatmif
az: jyEdkifyghrvm;?
xdak r;cGe;f rsm;u v_yEf ;kd vdu
k of nft
h wGuf tawG;awmeufxJ a&mufvmcJjh cif;jzpfonf?
usru 0wˆKra&;wwf? uAsmqdak 0;a&m? aqmif;yg;a&;rnfqv kd #if jzpfEidk af umif;yg&ŒJ ? txufwef;
31
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

ausmif;olb0wGif a&;cJhbl;onfh pmpDpmuHk;rsKd; aoG;yifv,fta=umif;ukd a&;om;v#if vG,ful

rvm;rod? aoG;yifv,fxJu tjzpftysufawGukd jynfh0pHkvifatmif usr csa&;jycsifonf?
“ ukpd ;kd csed f a& æ aoG;yifv,fta=umif;ukd 0wˆKa&;r,fqw kd m ra&;eJ@awmh æ 0wˆKq&kd if
jynfhpHkrSmr[kwfvdk@ usrudk,fwdkifyJ pmpDpmukH; ta&;tom;eJ@ ordkif;òypkvdkufawmhr,f”
xdu k ohJ @kd yif udpk ;kd csed u
f dk w,fvzD ek ;f quf+y;D ajymvdu k &f &if aumif;rvm;? tawG;awmeuf
xJwGif xdkuJhodk@ csDwHkcswHk jzpfrdavonf? wu,fu aoG;yifv,fukd vuf0g;ay:wifjycsifwm/
tm;vH;k yJ jrif=u/ od&dS cHpm;=uygapqdw k hJ apwemu v_@H aqmfvu kd o
f nfq h EN? pdwxf wJ iG f qef;=u,fonfh
tawG;rsm;u ay:vmjyefonf? vlwumod&atmif rdk;aumif;uifxufwGif aoG;yifv,fukd
a&;jycsifavonf? arhr&Ekdifonfh rSwfwrf;&Snf}uD;tjzpfeJ@aygh? 'gu uav;wa,muf&JΠpdwful;
pdwfoef; tawG;awGyg[k ukd,fhukdudk,f pdwfxJuajymrdonf? b,fvdka=umifhvnf;rod/ pdwfu
ajymwmukd em;xJu oJhoJh=um;vdkuf&onf? wu,fu b,fvdkvkyf+yD; rdk;aumif;uif pmrsufESm
ay:rSm aoG;yifv,fxJuaoG;awGeJ@ aoG;yifv,fta=umif;udk a&;vdk@ &yghrvJ?
tJ'DwHk;u orD;ukd rarG;&ao;? orD;u usr0rf;AdkufxJwGif vG,fxm;qJ? ò*d[fysuf}uD;
xJu aoG;yifv,fudk usr jzwf&onfhtcsdefwGif ,cktouf (16) ESpf&Sd+yDjzpfwJh orD;ukdarG;zGm;zdk@
arG;&ufudk a&mufvmawmhrnfu h mv? 0rf;Adu k x f wJ iG f ±ke;f uefw;kd a0S@aeonfh orD;ukd owdrxm;
Ekdifawmh? noef;aumifxJwGif vlemawG tpkvdkuftòyHvdkuf a&mufvm+yDqdk&if oydwfpcef;awG
tòzdcHvdkuf&+yDqdkwm odvdkuf&+yD? b,fòrdŒe,fu b,foydwfpcef;awGukd ppfbDvl;awG wdkufcdkuf
acsre_ ;f vdu
k =f u+yDv?J usnq f 'H %f&mawGe@J vlemawG/ raor&Siv f el mawG/ aoqH;k olawGudk wDt;D
um;}uD;awGe@J o,fvmcJ=h uonf? usnq f u H Adu k uf rdk eS x
f m;vd@k tlawGxu G af ewJh vltrsm;pk[m
uav;awG jzpfaeavonf? [kwfw,f uav;awG/ q,fhoHk; av;ESpft&G,f ausmif;ol
ausmif;om;av;awG? usr&JŒom;orD;awG jzpfcJh&ifqdkwJh tawG;ukd awG;rdwmeJ@ ±l;csifvm+yD?
aoewfusnfqH'%f&mawGESifh arhajrmaeonfhuav;awGukd =unfh&if; usrrsuf&nf
rqnfEidk af wmh? wcsK@d uav;awGqkd aoG;tdik x f w J iG f aoG;qkwpf ðyae+yD? &ifcek af eonfh ESv;kH w0ku d f
rSmyJ aoG;u &Sad wmhonfxifonf? ajcvufawGrmS / aoG;qkwaf t;cJvmaeonf? em&Daygi;f rsm;pGm
aoG;awGpD;xGuf+yD;rS aq;±Hka&mufvmcJh=ujcif;jzpfonf? [dkorD;av;uaum/ [kdbufu om;u
aum/ AdkufxJuae tlawGòyHxGufusaeonfh uav;awGuaum? usronf aq;xdk;ydkufukd
udkifum umuG,faq;ukd OD;pGmxdk;ay;&onf? aoG;xJukd a&m*gydk;0ifjcif;/ (Sepstipemia)
rjzpf&atmif óudwifumuG,jf cif;jzpfonf? vlemtrsm;pkrmS toufEpS q f ,fatmuf vli,fawG/
xdkvli,fawGxJrSmrS uav;awGu ydkrsm;aeonf?
xdo k rD;awG om;awG&ŒJ *Gr;f zwfuo hJ @kd El;nH@onft h om;ta&ukd xdawG@&onf? ukid w f , G f
&onf? wcsKŒd u ausmufom;vdak t;puf? wcsKŒd uaEG;qJ? bk&m; æ bk&m; æ 'DorD;av;&JŒ touf
ukd vkvdk@&yghrvm;?
pdk;&drfxdwfvef@pdwfu &ifudk v_dif;xapum acgif;ukdrD;awmufapavonf? xdkrSpwif
um avmifòrduv f maeonfh aomuawmrD;ukd owdEiS w fh m;qD;cJ&h onf? pdwu f rdk vGwv
f ukd ef @J
xde;f xm;ygrS? pdwu f upOf@uvsm;jzpfvmvd@k aq;uk&mrSm t,ltqrSm;oGm;&if vlemudk
32
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

xdcu kd of mG ;rSmjzpfonf? xkdodk@yif pdwf"mwfóud;ukd qGJxm;&onf?

“t&Da& æ 'Dbuftcef;udk ajy;vmcJhygtHk;[ æ vlemtopfawG wyHk}uD; xyfa&muf
vmw,f æ umuG,faq;xdk;zdk@ igwdk@rEkdifawmhbl; æ?
ta&;ay:Xme wbufcef;rS usr.vkyfazmfudkifbuf olemðyq&mr a&Ga&Gjrifhpdk;
jzpfonfukd usrodvdkufygonf? usr±kwfw&uf roGm;Ekdifao;/ AdkufwGifusnfqHrSefxm;ojzifh
tlawGxGufusaeonfh orD;av;&JΠqdk;&Gm;vSonfh aovkajrmyg tajctaeu usrajcaxmuf
awGukd a&$Œ&Sm;r&Ekdifatmif wkwfaESmifcsnfxm;vdkufouJhodk@ jzpfaeonf?
q&m0ef/ q&mrawGESifh aq;&Hk0efxrf;u rvHkavmuf? xdkorDav;ukd tjrefqHk;
cGJpdwfcef;odk@ ydk@&awmhrnf?
tjrefqHk;aoG;oGif;/ aq;±Hk;}uD;.tay:xyfodk@ ykd@&aawmhrnf? vlemtcef;. tjyif
bufwGif vlem.rdwfaqGrsm; {nfhonfrsm;rSm ykdIyifrsm;vmonf? usronf tcef;0odk@
ajy;oGm;um vlav;a,muftultnDvdkw,f/ ulnDEkdifrJholawG tjrefvmcJh=uyg/ vlemwifwJh
vSnw f pD;vnf; &SmazG+y;D tjref,cl yhJ g&iS f æ [lI tultnDawmif;onfEiS hf olw@dk tajy; a&mufvm
cJh=uonf? vlemwifonfhvSnf;u r&Ekdifao;?
vSnf;awG/ vlemwifuyfjym;awGu jyef@usJaeyHk&onf? ol@ae&mESihfol r&SdEkdifawmh?
vlemawGrsm;vmonfESihftr# q&m0efq&mrESifh aq;±Hk0efxrf;rsm; ysm;yef;cwf tvkyfrsm;
vm±Hkomru vlemwifvSnf;rsm;/ uyfjym;rsm;onfvnf; yvlysHukefonf? ae&mtwnfwus
jyefra&mufEidk af wmh? jyef@us?J xd@k a=umifh vlemwifvn S ;f wpD;&&S&d ef usrud,
k w f ikd f &SmazG&jyefonf?
usr tajy;tv$m;xGuv f monf? tcef;axmifch sK;d wGif ±kww f &uf vlwa,mufEiS 0fh ifwu kd o f nf?
olu ol@vel m&S&d mod@k ajy;0iftvm 0ifwu dk rf jd cif;jzpfonf? usr0rf;Adu k x
f rJ S uav;ukw d eG ;f vduk /f
±dkufvdkufyHk&onf? wc%wGif toufr±SLEdkifawmh? =urf;jyifay:odk@ ,drf;,dkifòydusvmpOf xdkolu
usrukd qGJzufxlxm;avonf? awmfao;&JΠxdkolu usrukd wwGwfwGwfawmif;yef/ b,fem
oGm;vJq&mr[k wwGwfwGwfar;jref;? toufudk0vifatmif ±SL±_dufvdkufonf? atmihfouf
emusifzdk@ tcsdefr&Sd?
wc%wGif xdkolukd vSnf;wpD;n$efjy/ xdkvSnf;ukd twGif;odk@wGef;vmcJhzdk@ tultnD
awmif;&onf? aZmESit hf wH if;um tonf;toef vlemorD;av;xH uokwu f ±du k f jyefvmcJo h nf?
vlemawG qlnH±_yfaxG;aeonfh=um;uyif wdk;a0S@&if; orD;av;xH a&mufvmcJhonf?
“q&mr&JŒ usrorD;av;ukd =unfyh gt;kH / u,fygt;kH q&mr&,f” [kqu kd m usrukd wdik w f nf
idkaºuG;aeaom orD;tarukd awG@&avonf? orD;av;ukd ESvHk;aoG;ckefrckef taotcsm prf;oyf
=unfhonf? [kwfw,f orD;av;qHk;+yD/ toufr&Sdawmhbl;? ajym&+yD? &ufpufvGef; tusnf;wef
vGe;f onfh pum;vH;k ? usuo f a&uif;rJo h nfh xdpk um;pkudk usróu;d pm;um tm;wif;ajymvdu k &f onf?
toufr&Sdawmhbl; tra& æ ?
tarvkyfolrSm onf;tlawG jywfaºuGvGifhpifukefonf? qdk@eifhidk±_dufoHwdk@u usr
ESvHk;tdrfukd txyfxyf ajy;±dkufaecJhonf? orD;av;emrnfu 0g0gvif;wJhvm;? orD;av;
0g0gvif;rSm aºuGvGifhoGm;cJh+yDaum?
33
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

rwwfomawmh? xdak e&mrS xGuv f mcJuh m vlemawGxH usra&mufvmcJo h nf? olemðy

q&mrqdkwm b,favmufyJ pdwftm;wif;xm;xm;/ owWdaumif;aumif;/ vlemwa,muf[m
aorif;vufxJ ygomG ;+yq D o kd nfEiS w fh òyid ef uf cHpm;&onfh a0'emrSm ar#mv f ifch suaf wG tiftm;awG
rSefor# cE<mukd,fay:uae ajr}uD;xJ avsmqif;wdk;0ifoGm;ovdk cHpm;&onf? xdktcg usrrSm
csdeJ@EHk;acG+yD; usef&pfcJhavawmhonf?
pdwf"mwfusqif;r_ EGHtdkifawmxJrS usr tm;wif;±kef;x&jyefonf? wjcm;vlemawG&JŒ
touf&Sifoefzdk@ óud;pm; tm;xkwf&OD;r,f r[kwfvm;? zufqpfvlowform;awGu owfjzwf
ajcr_ef;ypf? usrwdk@awGu &Sifoefvef;qef;vmatmif ukoysKd;axmifay;?
,ckvnf; pdwt f csOaf yguv f mcg usrar;=unfch siaf eonf? zufqpfvo l wfaumifawG
b,fvdkajym=urvJ? ar;=unfhcsifonf? 0g0gvif;aoqHk;oGm;wm/ +yD;awmh raoqHk;rD aoewf
'%f&mESifh ol@AdkufrSm [if;vif;yGifh tlawGxGufusaewmukd b,fvdkrsm; eifwdk@cHpm;&ygovJ?
eifh&ifaoG;/ eifhorD;av;wa,muf jzpfae&ifaum? b,fvkdcHpm;rvJqdkwm ar;=unfhcsifvSonf?
wu,fu tm%mavmbaZmwdkufolawG&JΠrdkufuef;,kwfrmr_ uE Wm&oJylawmxJwGif
pdrf;vef; aom t=uifemyef;yGifhqdkwm ryGifhEkdifay?
usrvufay:wGif orD;av;0g0gvif; aoqHk;cJhjcif;onf ta&;awmfyHk}uD;. tpydkif;
umvrSmjzpfonf? aemufydkif;wGif owfjzwfr_/ zdESdyfacsr_ef;r_awGu ydkI=urf;wrf;vmcJhonf?
+rdKŒe,ftESHŒ/ a'otESHŒtb,fr# vlowfr_awG rsm;jym;cJhovJqdkwmudk aq;±HkESifh ta&;ay:Xme/
+yD;awmh cGpJ yd cf ef;wd@k wiG &f adS eonfh aoG;yifv,fEiS hf aoqH;k olu|e;f pkawG tenf;trsm;ESihf wdik ;f wm
I&vmcJhonf?
usrwdk@vufxJodk@=u,fyef;yGifhrsm;rSm aemuf&ufawGrSm tawmrowfEkdifatmifyif
aºuGcJh=uonf?
usrwdk@vufxJukdra&mufrDuwnf;u aoG;r&Sdawmhonhfvlem/ a&m*gydk;0ifxm;onfh
vlem/ usrwdk@vufxJwGif wjzKwfjzKwfaºuGvGifhukefwmyJ? wcsdK@u oydwfpcef;rSmyJ yJGcsif;+yD;
usq;kH cJ=h uonf? aemufwae@ ae@opfO;D wGif aea&mifjcnfjzmusaeonfh ajrae&mwdik ;f wGif tHºk uG
ykHuefaeonfh vlxk}uD;rSm jynfhv#Hum vlyifv,f}uD; jzpfaejyefyga&m? wdkufyGJawG/ aoG;yifv,f
awGxJwGif usqHk;cJh=uaomfvnf; raoonfhvlxkrSm zdESdyfor# xºuGtHkºuGvmcJhawmhonf?
vlxk. aºuG;a=umfoHrsm;u aoG;yifv,fESifh jrifraumif;avmufatmif tusnf;wefvSonhf
ò*d[fysuf}uD;wckESihf wlaeonfh aq;±Hk}uD;xJodk@ ±dkufcwfvmonf? aemufawmh vlowfyGJ
aoewfoHrsm;u ±dkufcwfvmonf?
vlxak wGu aq;±H}k uD;xJwiG f vma&mufcv kd =H_ uonf? ppfrZhJ t
kH jzpf vHòk cHr&_ o
dS nfh aq;±H/k
vl@todw&m;ESifh vl@,Ofaus;r_pnf;urf;t& aq;±Hkonf wu,fhppfrJhZHk jzpfaeonf?
od@k aomf zufqpfppftyk pf u k aq;±Ht k wGi;f od@k 'v=urf;ypfcwfc&hJ m aq;±H}k u;D t0if0wGif
aoa=uòydvu J ek o
f nf? xdu k o
J @kd yif ppfrZhJ akH q;±Hu
k dk ppfajrjyiftjzpf zefw;D vdu k uf m vl@,Ofaus;r_
pnf;urf;wdk@ukd wppDjzpfatmif zsufqD;ypfvkduf=uonf? vlxkawG zdESdyfcH&onfhtwdkif; usrwdk@
onfvnf; vlemawGukd toufu,faq;uko&if; tzdESdyfcH&avonf? usrwdk@vnf; ppfrdef@oH
34
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

aoewfatmufrSm bmxl;vdk@vJ? ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;awG&JΠtrdef@=oZmatmufrSm aq;xdk;ykduf

udkifae&jcif;jzpfonf?
“aq;aumif;awGudk roHk;ygeJ@/ aq;aumif;awGukd 'DvlemawGtwGuf rjzpfygapeJ@/
toifhtwifh ukoay;&if&+yD æ ”
usrwdk@tm;vHk; xdktrdef@udk oabmrwl=uyg? aumufuspf&ufpufonfh trdef@awG
oabmxm;awGjzpfaeI usrwdk@wufacguf=u&onf? vHk;0pdwfrcsrf;ajrŒEkdifcJhyg? toifhtwifh
òypkuo k ay;&rnfw@J ? aooGm;=uygap? udprP &Sb d ;l qdo
k nhf oabmukd ajymifajymifwif;wif; jyocJh
=uonf? 'Dta=umif;awGukd jyefpOf;pm;&if; q&m0efwa,mufjzpfol a'gufwmpdk;jrifhukd
owd&vmonf? a'guw f mpd;k jrifu
h wu,fvh ol m;yDowJh q&m0ef? xku d o
hJ @kd vo
l m;yDo/ vl,Ofaus;
jzpfonfhtwGuf tvkyfòzwfcHcJh&onf? ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;. ppfrdef@atmufwGif tvkyfòzwf
cH&onfhtjyif q&m0efvdkifpifukd odrf;,lvdkufonf? ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;awGu pGJcsufwifonfh
jypfr_rSm tjcm;awmhr[kwf? tpmiwfcH qENjycJh=uvdk@ tm[m&jywfum aovkarsmyg; cHpm;
ae&wJhvlemawGukd a'gufwmpdk;jrifhu *vl;udkpfhESifha&a&m+yD; wdkufaºuG;onfhtwGuf jzpfonf?
aq;±Hk}uD; "mwfa&mifjcnfXmerS a'gufwmpdk;jrifhonf xdkpGJcsufjzifh tvkyfòzwfcHcJh&onf? trSefu
tpmiwfcHqENjycJhI raor&Sifjzpfaeol a0'emonfukd vufydkuf=unfhae&rnf[k ajymonfh
ppfrdef@jzpfonf? vl,Ofaus;vkyfrSmvm;/ vlowform;vkyfrSmvm;/ a'gufwmpdk;jrifhajymonfukd
usr ,ckxdrSwfrdaewkef;ygyJ? “t±dkif;tpdkif;awGeJ@ w*dk%f;om;xJu q&m0eftjzpfeJ@ ig
b,fawmhrS r&yfwnfbl; æ” wJ@? usróudufoGm;+yD? cH,lcsufajymifajrmufwJh q&m0efyJ[k
ol@ukd usrav;pm;rdonf?
aq;ynm&Sif/ q&m0efawG/ q&mrawG/ 0efxrf;awGrSm xdkuJodk@r=uc% uyfqdkufcJh
onf? ta&;ay:Xme a&mufvmcJ=h uonhf aoewfusnq f oH ifh vlemawGudk taotcsm*±kpu kd cf /hJ
òypkukoay;ol q&m0efawG/ q&mrawGukd vlxkawGu toufocifrsm;tjzpf aus;Zl;wif
*k%fðy=uonf? ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;uvnf; *k%fðy=uonfrSm xdkjynfol@ q&mrawGukd a0;vH
onfh t&yfa'orsm;odk@ e,fajymif;ypfcJh=uavonf? a[mwa,muf/ a[mwa,muf e,fESif
cJhavonf? olwdk@u xdkodk@yif *k%fðywwfavonf?
aemufawmh ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;u v$wv f ukd of nfh aq;±H0k efxrf;rsm;/ q&mrrsm;onf
usrwdk@vkyfief;awGxJ a&mufvmcJhygawmhonf? 0efxrf;twk/ q&mrtwk axmufvSrf;a&;awG/
usrwdk@twGufawmh wu,fh}uD;rm;onfh tE W&m,f? vGwfvyfa&;twGuf wdkufyGJ0ifae=u&mrS
±kdufESuf uefausmufcH&onhf'%f&m/ aoewfusnfoifh'%f&m/ '%f&m&olawGtwGuf ajymzG,f
&mr&Sd?
usrwd@k b0wlq&m0ef/ q&mrawGtm;vH;k nDnw G rf ,
_ x
l m;=u&onf? axmufvrS ;f a&;
0efxrf;/ axmufvrS ;f a&; q&mrawG/ zefw;D usa&mufvmrnfh ab;tE &W m,frsm;ukd pkppk nf;pnf;
ESihfz,f&Sm;&ef em;vnfr_/ nDnGwfr_ ,lrxm;vdk@rjzpf? vlemukd aq;uk&if;olwdk@ukd apmifh=unfh
&onf? tzsufvkyfief;awG bmawGvkyfvm=urvJ? usrwdk@tkyfpkxJ a&mufvmcJhonfh q&mr
twku uav;aq;±Hrk S ajymif;vmcJo h nf[k qdok nf? ra&$at;? toufuESpq f ,f ywf0ef;usi?f
35
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

“b,fae@awGrSm q&m0efq&mrawG qENjy=urSmvJ”

ra&$at;pkaqmif;onfh owif;u xdk@xufrsm;Edkifygao;onf? ol@trlt&m ol@
oabmxm;rsm;u axmufvSrf;a&;jzpfa=umif; wpwp az: jyvmcJhonf? olemðyq&mr
wa,mufESifh rwlonfh xl;jcm;csufw&yfrSm vlemrSwfwrf;rsm;ukd ppfaq;rSwfom;jcif;yif
jzpfonf? wcgw&H vdktyfygu rSwfwrf;ukd vSef=unhfwwf=uonf? odk@aomf ra&$at;u
rSwfwrf;rsm;ukd ae@pOf&SmazG ppfaq;aeavawmhonf?
aq;±Hwk iG f t+rJwrf;&Sad e=uonfh oydwaf cgi;f aqmifwcsK@d udk vufuw k +f yD; owif;ay;&
onf? vlxt k wGuaf um/ usrwd@k twGuyf g tE &W m,f&o dS nf[k ajymjyonf? owWcd q J &m0efawG/
0efxrf;awGe@J oydwaf cgi;f aqmifwcsKŒd yl;aygi;f +yD; ra&$at;ukd zrf;qD;ppfaq;=uonf? ra&$at;u
wif;cHaeonf? jiif;qefonf? aemufq;kH arhaq;xd;k ppfaq;awmhrS “usrppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;yg ”[k
0efcHuwdòyonf?
olrukd arwWm&yfcHawmif;yef+yD; vlemawGukd aq;0g;uko ðypkapmifha&Smufaeonhf
vkyfief;xJrSm vma&mufraESmifh,Sufzdk@ em;cs&onf? ra&$at;vnf; vpfawmhwmyJ? aemufxyf
vnf;ay:rvmawmh?
aq;0g;ukor_ynm&yf/ aq;0g;ynm&yfrsm;omru usrwdk@onf axmufvSrf;a&;ukd
ynmjyonfh yOPvuftwwfynmyg wwfajrmufvmcJh=uonf? &efolu aumufuspfvmonhf
twGuf usrwdk@. ±dk;om;jzLpifr_rsm;onf eif;acscHcJh&aygif; rsm;cJh+yD? vlxkukd rvdrfeJ@/
raumufuspfeJ@/ &efolu aumufuspfonfhtwGuf wkef@jyefaumufuspf&vdrfhrnf? oydwfpcef;
toD;oD;rS '%f&mjzifh a&mufvmolrsm;ukd vlemrSwfwrf;rSwqifh trnf/ ae&yf/ rdb/ touf/
ponfh udk,fa&;tcsuftvuftcsKd@ukd rSwf,l/ ul;,lwwfp+rJ?
usrwdk@u trSeftwdkif;b,fawmhrSra&;? toufu,fI r&Ekdifonfhvlemukdom
rSwfwrf;trSefa&;onf? 'guvJ ra&SmifvGJEkdifawmhrS trSeftwdkif;a&;jcif;jzpfonf? wcgw&H
ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u a&mufvmcg vlemudktrnfar;wwfonf? vlemajymaom trnfESihf
aq;±Hrk wS w f rf;ay:wGif usrwd@k ay;xm;aomtrnfrmS b,fvv kd yk +f yD; wxyfxjJ zpfygrh vJ? usrwd@k
rSm cyfwnfwnfESihfvdrf&onf? atmf æ [kwfvm; usrwdk@em;=um;vGJwm jzpfEkdifw,f/ vlem
udk,fwdkifu owdrSr&bJ æ +yD;awmh vlemawGu trsm;}uD; æ rSm;Ekdifygw,f æ ?
rsufESmudk wif;r_Hum toHjywfESifhajym&onf? EGJ@EGJ@oGJ@oGJ@vkyfvdk@rjzpf? ppfaxmufvSrf;
a&;rSm atmifhoufouf jzpfoGm;onf? ESmwif;oGm;vnf; rwwfEkdif? 'DvdkrS olwdk@ukdrvdrfnm
v#if tdrftxdvdkufoGm;um zrf;awmhrnf? xyf+yD; n‡Of;yef;OD;awmhrnf?
'%f&moufomvmaeonfh vli,frsm;/ &[ef;ysKdrsm;ukd tdrfjyefvdk@&+yD/ ausmif;wdkuf
ukjd yefv@kd &+yD[k cyfw;dk wd;k ajym&onf? jyefv@kd &w,fqwkd m prf;oyfajym=unf&h onfvnf; &So d nf?
axmufvSrf;a&;u =um;oGm;odoGm;rSmvnf; pdk;&drf&onf? wcsKdŒvlemu yg;eyfvdrfrmonf?
wcsKd@vlemu xlxltt? olwdk@toufudk usrwdk@ESpfcgjyefvk&onf? usef;rma&; aumif;vmp
wGif t&JpGef@+yD; tdrfjyefzdk@ajym&onf? rSwfwrf;rsm;ukd ðzwfapum,loGm;cdkif;&onf? Todk@jzifh
arSmif&dyfxJwGif olwdk@awG aysmufuG,f vGwfajrmufoGm;=uavonf? axmufvSrf;a&; ppfyg;pyf
36
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

axmifacsmufxJrS vGwfatmif vkyf&ojzifh tonf;,m;p&m/ pdk;&drfxdwfvef@p&m aumif;onf?

xdkpOfu usr&ifonf pufarmif;wHwckvdk w'def;'def; jrnf[D;aecJhonf?
“cGJpdwfcef;awG toifhjyifxm;=uyg/ (13 / 14 / 7/ 8/ 17/ 18)tm;vHk;jyifxm;=uyg?
oydwfpcef;awG òzdawmhr,fvdk@ ajymvm+yD/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;aum ppfwyfuyg vSrf;trdef@ay;
jcif;jzpfw,f? uJ æ bmwwfEkdifrSmvnf; q&mrwdk@ jyifxm;=uayawmhæ”
aq;±HktkyfcsKyfa&;Xmeukd óudwifpDpOfcdkif;onfhtrdef@? ausmif;om;awG/ &[ef;awG/
vlxak wG aoa=uukeaf wmhrmS yJ? &ifawGcek v f m/ 'l;awGwek v f monf? pufqw k &f &HG mS zG,af umif;onhf
ppftrdef@ tm%myguvm;? tpDtpOfqGJum zdESdyfacsr_ef; owfjzwfaewmyguvm;? aq;±Hk
cef;awGxu J aoG;yifv,fawGxu J aoG;awGrcrf;rD aemufxyf aoG;pD;a=umif;awG aoG;jrpfawGu
pD;0ifvm=uawmhrnf? usrwd@k a&$a&$jrifph ;kd wd@k aemfy&Dq,fvmwd@k rmS bk&m;uko d m wdik w f nf wo
=u&awmhonf? xm0& bk&m;ocifu,fryg? tvm&SifjrwfESifh a*gwrAk'<u,frawmfrlyg? ESvHk;
aoG;ckefoHonf wukd,fvHk;ukd odrfhodrfhwkefapavonf?
tjcm;wbufwiG v f nf; aoewfou H dk em;pGi=hf unf&h onf? aq;±Ht k eD;wGif oydwpf cef;
awG&Sdae+yDvm;? vlxkukdu,fwifonfh aoewfoHu 'Dae&mrSmr&dS? vlxkukd owfjzwfonfh
aoewfou H yJ v$r;f aewmr[kwv f m;? aoewfo=H um;v#if vlemvm&rnf[al om ,kwadW A'ukd
usrwdk@od&SdcJh+yD;om;? a0;vHaoma'orS aoewfoHukdr=um;&? xHk;pHtwdkif;ygyJ? nOfheuf
oef;acgifwGif wDtD;um;}uD;awGESihf vlemawGusqHk;olawG wifvmcJhygawmhonf? òrdŒawmfcef;r
oydwfpcef;uvm;? ajcmufxyf}uD; oydwfpcef;uvm;/ oydwfv_yf&Sm;olrsm;. '%f&mrsm;rSm
0rf;AdkufawGukd xdrSefxm;onfrsm;u ykdrsm;onf?
orD;av;0g0gvif;uhJodk@yif tlawG wayG@}uD; xGufusaecJhavonf? toufESpfq,f
atmufawG/ touf q,fhoHk;/ q,fhav;/ q,fhig; vli,fawG? wcsKd@vlemawGu '%f&mujyif;/
taoG;tom;awGu ±ke;f uefta=umqGaJ eojzihf ukwifay:wGif óud;csnx f m;&onf? wcsK@d vnf;
ta=umqGJ&mrS toufygoGm;avonf? vlemawGu rsm;vGef;vSojzifh ukwifrqef@awmh/ ae&m
ravmufiawmh? ausmcif;wae&mpm&zdk@ óud;pm;=u&onf? olwdk@ukd,fpDu '%f&mawGrS
v#HxGufusvmonfh aoG;pD;acsmif;rsm;onf jrifraumif; ±_raumif;awmh?
usr rD;zGm;cGiu
hf dk ppftm%m&Siaf wG tm%mrodr;f rD wywfcef@tvdw k iG f &&Scd ahJ vonf?
cGihfr,lrD w&ufwGif óuHawG@cJh&onfh q&mr a&$a&Gjrifhpdk;.wdkufyGJukd usrb,feHa&mtcgrSmrS
arhaysmufEkdifvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg?
xdak e@nu vlemawGrmS tcef;xJjynfv h #aH eonf? vGecf o hJ nf&h ufawGu zufqpfwyfu
pdwfxifwdkif; a0S@&rf;owfjzwfypfojzifh vrf;ab;tdrfrsm;wGif aexdkif=uonfh jynfolawGrSm
xdrSefaoqHk;=u/ '%f&mawG&=uonf?
oydwfpcef;vrf;ay:u tHkºuGvlxkESihf vrf;ab;tdrfrsm;rS '%f&m&olrsm; pkyHk
a&mufvm=uonfhn? aoG;tvdrf;vdrf;jzifh aoqHk;olrsm;ukd csDrqGJxkwf=u? wDtD;um;awGESifh
aoqHk;olrsm;ukd o,fxkwfoGm;=u? oydwfacgif;aqmifrsm; apwemh 0efxrf;rsm;. tultnD
a=umifhyif usrwdk@ukoa&;ukd ydkI xda&mufapcJhonf? ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;onf usrwdk@
37
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

tm;vH;k u tifwu dk tf m;wdu k f toufu,f=u/ uko=uonfudk oabmrusyg? oydwaf cgi;f aqmifawG

ul n D a xmuf u l o nf u d k b0if r us=u? aq;aumif ; 0g;aumif ; rsm;uk d vl e mawG t wG u f
toHk;ðyonfukdvnf; tvdkrus? a'goxGuf=uonf? ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u remvdk r±_pdrfh
EdkifonfhtqHk; tusyfukdif/ csKyfukdifvm=uygawmhonf? onf;rcHEkdifawmhonfh q&mra&$a&$ESifh
ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;wdk@ xdyfwdkufwdk;=uwmygyJ?
“'Dtoufu,faq;awGudk 'Dvel mawGtwGuf roH;k yge@J v@kd txufu nGe=f um;xm;wm
od&ufe@J bma=umifo h ;kH ae&wmvJ/ wcsK@d aq;0g;awGukd vdw k mxufy+kd yD; oH;k aewmawGudk awG@ae&
wm=um+yD/ nGef=um;csuftwdkif;vkyfyg? 'Dxuf xyfrajymcsifbl; ”
“usrvnf;rajymcsib f ;l / tckawmh ajym&awmhr,f/ 'Daq;0g;awGudk 'Dvel mawGtwGuf
roHk;vdk@ b,fvlemawGudkoHk;&rSmvJ/ usrwdk@q&m0ef/ q&mrawGtaeeJ@ b,fvlemudkyJjzpfjzpf
oH;k &rSmyJ/ aq;±Huk adk &mufvmwJh vlemrSeo f r# ukoay;&r,fqw kd m usrwd@k uwdopPm ðyxm;+y;D om;”
q&mr a&$a&$toHu wcgw&H yJhwifxyfoGm;onf? q&mrawGESihf yl;aygif;ulnD
ae=uonfh apwemh0efxrf;rsm;/ oydwfwyfom;rsm;rSm q&mra&$a&$ukd tm±Hkpdkuf=uonf? qlnH
aeonfh pum;ajymoHrsm;yg wdwq f w d of mG ;=uonf? cef;rtjyifrS vlemapmifah wGyg em;pGiahf e=uonf?
“aq;0g;awG/ aoG;awG/ 0efxrf;awG/ bmrSrvHkavmufwJhtwGuf cJGpdwfcef;awG vlem
cef;awGrSm aocsmatmif ydk;rowfEkdifcJhbl;/ 'D=um;xJrSm ae&mu rvHkavmufawmh vlemawGukd
=urf;jyifay:rSm jzpfovdkxm;&w,f/ 'ga=umifh vlemawG a&m*gydk;awG0if+yD; raooifhbJ aoukef
=uw,f/ tJ'gawGaum &Sifwdk@od&JŒvm;”
ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;qdo k u l ajymv#if +ird cf v H rd rhf nf a=umufvef@wek v f y_ o f mG ;vdrrhf nf[k
aocsmayguf wGu+f yD;om;? ,ckuo hJ @kd q&mra&$a&$u wk@H jyefaomtcg rar#mv f ifyh J rsuEf mS csi;f qdik f
ckcHwHk@jyeffjcif; cHvdkuf&ojzifh =uufaoaoaeonf?
vlemawGa&SŒrSm zrf;rdjcif;cH&aom "m;jyvdk uef@vef@}uD;wifaeonf? q&mra&$a&Gu
w&m;enf;vrf;usojzifh axmufvrS ;f a&;. ,kwrf mr_u bGm;ceJay:oGm;onf? q&mraemfy&Dq,fvm
ESiu fh srtygt0if q&mrav;ig;a,mufrmS q&mra&$a&$teD;wGif 0dik ;f &Hvu kd =f uonf? rsuv f ;kH aygi;f
oHk;av;&mu ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;ukd pdkuf=unfhae=u+yD; ‘axmufvSrf;a&;vl,kwfrm’[k
rsufvHk;awGESihf wdkufcdkufae=uonf?
“usraemufqHk;wckyJ ar;csifw,f/ usrwdk@aq;0g;ukoaewJh vkyfief;ukd ulnD0kdif;0ef;
rSmvm;/ qufvuf[ef@wm; aESmuf,u S rf mS vm;/ tJ'gyo J cd siw f ,f/ odyg&ap/ vlemawGudk [kad q;
ray;ygeJ@/ 'Daq;rukygeJ@vdk@ [ef@wm;wm[m vlemawGukd owfaewmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh usrwdk@
'Dtcef;xJuae xGufoGm;&rSmvm; æ &Sifwdk@yJ aq;ukay;rSmvm;/ tJ'gyJodcsifw,f? ”
axmufvrS ;f a&;u ywf0ef;usiu f dk wcsuaf 0S@=unfv h u kd u
f m csmueJ vSnx hf u G o f mG ;onf?
arSmif&dyfxJwGif aysmufuG,foGm;onftxd ol@ukd usrwdk@vdkuf=unfhrdonf? trSefw&m;ukd
az:xkwfvdkufonfhtwGuf 0rf;omrdonf? a&$a&$u usrpdwfukd tiftm;awG oGef;avmif;ay;
vdu k jf cif;jzpfonf? 'DaxmufvrS ;f a&;u igw@dk udk bmrsm;'kuaQ y;rvJqo kd nfh pd;k &drpf w d o f nfyifv#if
aysmuf&SoGm;av+yD?
38
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u xGufoGm;+yDqdkuwnf;u v_yfv_yf&Sm;&Sm;jzpfoGm;aom vlxk

awGxHrS wòydifxJ xGufay:vmaomtoHukd axmufvSrf;a&;vJ =um;rSmygyJ? “q&mrawG xGuf
roGm;=uygeJ@/ xGufoGm;zdk@rvdkbl;/ vlowfaumifawG xGufoGm;/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; xGufoGm;/
ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; tvdkr&dS”
aoG;yifv,fxrJ S xGuaf y:vmaom awmif;qdo k rH sm;onf tkwef &H t
H cef;xJwiG f yJw
h if
xyfoGm;onf? xdkyJhwifoHxJwGif usr qGwfjyef@=unfEl;rd/ tm;wufcJh+yD; wvSyfvSyfv_dufvSJ?
xdkpOfu usr. rsufvHk;tdrfrS rsuf&nfpufrsm; pD;usaecJhonf?
“arar æ wcg;zGifhay;ygtHk;/ arara& æ ”
a[m/ orD;ausmif;u jyefvm+yD? om;tzESpfa,muf jyefvm+yD? usrtajy;tvGm;
xGufoGm;um wHcg;ukd zGifhay;vdkufonff?
'DorD;av;aygh? vGefcJhonfh q,fhajcmufESpfu 'DorD;av;ukd,f0efukd usrvG,f+yD;
aoG;yifv,fxJ jzwfcJh&wm?
“[if araridkaew,f [kwfvm;/ rsuf&nfawGeJ@ æ”
orD;wdk@om;tzu usrrsufESmukd awGai;pl;pdkuf=unfh=uonf? bma=umifh idkaecJh
ygvrd ?hf xdak r;cGe;f t"dyg` ,u
f dk azmfjyaeonfh awGai;ai;t=unf?h orD;ukd xyfwvJvaJ jymjycJo h jzifh
orD;u aoG;yifv,fxJu ZmwfaumifawGukd rSwfrdaeonf?
“orD;udk,f0efeJ@wkH;u aoG;yifv,fxJrSm awG@cJh&wJh 0g0gvif;wkd@/ a&$a&$wkd@/ q&m0ef
OD;pdk;jrifhwdk@ukd owd&aewHk; rsuf&nfawGu ol@bmomol pD;usvmwmav/ araridkwm
r[kwfbl;”
orD;av;u wHcg;ukdwGef;zGifhvmum usrukd odkif;ayG@zufvdkuf&if; rsuf&nfpdkpGwf
yg;jyifay:odk@ erf;±_dufaeavonf?

Zlvikd /f 25 &uf/ 2004

opPm trSwf (2) =o*kwf/ 2004

39
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

tcspf w d k @
.
aumuf½;kd tdrf

wdrw f r#if wdrw

f pyifr&S?d us,jf yef@euf±id_ ;f vSonfh [if;vif;jyifu v0ef;rD;tdru f kd ol.eH&H
xufwGif tomt,m csdwfqGJxm;onf? toifub,favmuf xdefxdefomEdkifrvJ? ajrjyifESif
=u,fwm&mawGu pdefac:aejcif;udk vrif;u cyfaighaigh cyf&GJ@&GJ@yJ ol@tvif;yGifh tvif;pufrsm;udk
tpGrf;ukefusJcs oGefcsaeavonf? v0ef;rsufESmjyifxufrS oGefxGufpD;usvmaom tvif;r_efawGu
azG;azG;jzLEk&mrS ajrjyifESifh eD;uyfvmaomtcg pdrf;vJhvJhjymvJhvJh va&mifjzpfoGm;onf?
&Gmv,fvrf;. ab;wzuf&Sd bkef;}uD;ausmif;0ef;twGif;rS iSufaysm&Gufrsm;rSm oHjzL
"m;oGm;rsm;ES,f va&mifjzifh ajymifvufawmufyaeavonf? pdr;f &ifah rSmifaom opf&u G rf sm;wGivf nf;
va&mifu&G&Gav; em;aeavonf? wu,fu opf&Gufu va&mifudkqGJzrf;,lum wusdKufusdKuf
aomufaewm?
xdv k a&mifatmufu xdex f ed v
f if;aeaom &Gmv,fvrf;ray:wGif armifjrrif;wd@k av#mufae
=uonf? aumif;uifxJrSm vrf;av#mufae&onf[k armifjrrif;u xifaeyHk&onf? ajrjyifay:wGif
vSrf;IvSrf;I oGm;aeonf[lIyif rxifawmh?
“a[haumifjrrif;æ oef;wifvdkawmhrvkyfeJ@? oef;wifvdkrjzpfapeJ@? 'gyJigajymr,f?
ausmfraumif; =um;raumif; wu,fu &ifemp&maumif;vSw,fuGm”
pdk;vif;OD;u ykcHk;csif;,SOfum twloGm;&if;u armifjrrif;ESifh yl;uyfoGm;um avoHjzifh
ajymvdkufjcif;jzpfonf? pdk;vif;OD;u ajymvnf;ajym/ &,fvnf;&,f? armifjrifhu jrrif;&ifbwfudk olŒ
nmvuf0g;}uD;jzifh zdprf;aejyefonf?
“ausmufcJvrf;ay:rSm vSnf;armif;aeovdkyJ &ifxJrSm bk&m;yGJvSnfhwmu ±kd;±dk;vSnfhwm
r[kwfbl;/ vSnf;tpD; w&mavmufeJ@ vSnfhaewm æ ”
oHk;a,mufom; usdwfI &,fvdkuf=ujyefonf? v0ef;u olwdk@oHk;a,mufudkiHk@=unfh&if;
olwdk@&,foHudk =um;vdkufyHk&onf? va&mifu ydkI vif;vufoGm;ovm;yifrod? olwdk@a&SŒrSmu
jrrif;. tazESifhtar OD;xGef;&SdefESifh a': jrcspf/ +yD;awmh jrrif;.q&m? ausmif;q&m}uD; OD;yef;vd_if?
olwdk@vl}uD;oHk;a,mufu onfaEGwGif rnfodk@tvkyfvkyf=u+yD; rdk;wGif;umvtwGuf 0rf;pmpyg;
rnfuJhodk@ 0,f,lpkaqmif;=uv#if aumif;rnfenf;? 0rf;pmta=umif; ajymae=uonf? a': jrcspfu
csLoHygatmif nnf;aeavawmhonf?
40
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

“a&SŒa&;pOf;pm;wdkif; &ifav;ygw,fq&m&,f usrjzifh±l;csifw,f? t[kwfyJ q&m&,f æ

xrif;eyfrSefatmifpm;&zdk@ rvG,fvdkufwm pOf;pm;vdkufwdkif; nvHk;aygufyJ tdyfraysmfbJ rsufvHk;
a=umifawmifeJ@ rdk;vif;oGm;wJhnawG renf;awmhbl; rD;vif;zdk}uD;xJ 0ifxdkif&wJhb0 æ”
cdknnf;ovdk nnf;nLvdkufonf? a': jrcspf&ifxJwGif cdkatmif;av;odyfaeonhf cHpm;r_?
r±_omr±_dufom jynfhodyfae&mrS q&mOD;yef;vd_ifudk &ifzGifhvdkufjcif;jzpfonf? &ifzGifhw,fqdkwmu
óuHóudufrS&ifzGifhvdk@&onf r[kwfvm;? cHpm;r_ wloljcif;rSvnf; &ifzGifhI aumif;onfr[kwfvm;?
q&mOD;yef;v_difu a': jrcspf&ifxJrS ajy;xGufvmaom pum;udk oabmusum wcsufòyH;vdkufonf?
rD;vif;zdk}uD;xJ 0ifxdkifaeonfh b0?
odyfr=umvdkuf? c%t=umwGif &Gmv,fvrf;csKd;auG@odk@ a&mufvmonf? vlpkpkqlqlnH
tdru f av;xJo@kd olw@kd 0ifvmcJ=h uonf? wa,mufu “owd@k om;vm+yDa[@ æ owd@k om; armifjrrif;
wJhvm; æ uJ óud;wm;zdk@vkyf=u æ” [k [def;nHoGm;atmif v_H@aqmfvdkufonf? owdk@orD;.
tdrfuav;xJu vlwodkufrSm v_yfv_yf&Sm;&Sm; jzpfoGm;=uonf? v_H@aqmfa&;rSL;u &Gm. vli,f
acgif;aqmif ukdwdk;pdefjzpfaeonf?
“owd@k om;ukd a&$óu;d eJ@wm;&rSm æ a&$qv kd @kd rl;vd@k awmif±LS p&mr&Sbd ;l æ aiGóu;d vnf;r&Sd æ
tJ'Dawmh EGm;wHydk;rSm oHk;wJhoHóud;oGm;,l=u æ”
ukdwdk;pdefu jyufacsmfacsmf oa&mfawmfawmf ajymvdkufojzifh yGJusoGm;onf? ajymrem
qdkrem b0wlawGqdkawmh ajymvdk@&onf? wu,fvnf;a&$r&Sd/ aiGr&Sd? arG;uwnf;u olwdk@rSm
tv#Hy,fºuG,f0wmu qif;&JrGJawjcif;jzpfonf? trsKd;orD;acgif;aqmif rat;jrifhu ukdwdk;pdefukd
rsufapmif;vSrf;xdk;um “wdk;pdef eifhyg;pyfydwfxm; æ emcsifvdk@vm; [kwfvm; æ rdwifa&$ukd wdkifvdkuf
&rvm; æ” cyfaigufaiguf ajymvdkufonf?
ukdwdk;pdefacgif;u yk0ifoGm;onf? vli,fawGrSm yGJusoGm;jyefonf? bl;pifatmuf
arSmif&dyfwGif &yfaeaom ukdbat;u rdwifa&$vm+yDa[h æ [kqdkum vSrf;+yD; ajcmufvdkufao;onf?
rdwifa&$ukd udkwdk;pdefu a=umuf+yD;om;? tysKd}uD; rdwifa&$u =urf;vnf;=urf; &rf;vnf;&rf;? vlawG
a&SŒwGif ukwd ;kd pdeu
f dk ol@tiftm;ESihf ar$@,rf;qGv J yJS pfum ukw d ;kd pde&f ifbufay: cGp;D wwfonfh rdwifa&$udk
toH=um;±Hkjzifh a=umufae+yD;om;?
owkd@om;a&SŒwGif ausmfpdefESihf vGef;armifu cyfcGmcGm&yfvsuf yk0gjzLpukdqGJqef@um
wm;vdkuf=uonf?
“w&Gmol oem;ygvSnfh æ a[m'D æ yk0gjzL æ wm;ygouGJ@ æ wm;ygowJhcifAsm æ
a&$wcH g; æ aiGwcH g; æ zGio hf mzGiyhf g owd@k om; æ u|eaf wmfw@kd apmifah r#maf e& =umcJah ygAh sm æ oli,fcsi;f
wkd@a& apmifhaewm b,favmuf =umoGm;+yDvJuGm æ
vGef;armifu pum;ºuG,fol oa&mfpmwdk@ oHcsyfwdk@ukd aus;vufobm0twdkif; vufwef;
pyfwwf/ ajymwwfol?
“ESpv f &So d mG ;+yD/ owd@k om; armifjrrif;eJ@ owd@k orD; rcifa=umhw@kd tdraf xmifðy=uawmhr,f
qdkwJh owif;=um;+yD; uwnf;uygAsm? apmifhcJh&wm =umygaygh armifjrrif; ocif æ yvdk@*sd ”
ausmfpdefu qdkif;csufjzifhydwfvdkufonf? &,foHrsm; v$rf;oGm;avonf? bl;pif
41
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

arSmif&dyfpGef;wGif&yfaeaom ukdbat;u ab;wbufodk@vSnfhum uGrf;wHawG;awGukd yspfceJ

axG;xkwfvdkufonf? +yD;rS uGrf;pm;vGef;onfhtwGuf rnf;csdwfaeaom oGm;z&JaphawGay:atmif
&,fum vSrf;I ajymvdkufonf?
“awmuf æ 'DaumifESpfaumifu ZmwfxJvdkuf+yD; Zmwfu&rSmuG æ vGef;armifu
rif;om;vkyf æ ausmfpdefu vljyufvkyfæ [efukdusvdk@ æ”waomaom&,f=u/ aemufajymif=u/
axh=u/ aigh=u? va&mifatmufu r*Fvmtcrf;tem;onf crf;em;odkufòrdufaeavonf? u&0duf
cef;rawmhr[kwf? pD'dk;em;cef;rvnf;r[kwf? &yf"avh &Gm"avh/ aus;vuf,Ofaus;r_ r*Fvmaqmif
wGif rmefrme òydifqdkifr_r&Sd? um;òydifyGJ pdefòydifyGJr&Sd? yk*Hacwf t&D;}uD;awGu owkd@orD;ukd yef;OD;
v$wfcJhbl;onf? vGefcJhonfh ESpfumvawGtxd “cJzdk;” awmif;I owdk@om;u aus;&Gmumvom;
tzGJ@ukd cJzdk;ay;&onf? odk@r[kwf vlrdkuftzGJ@awGukd t&ufzdk;ay;&onf? owdk;om;u w&Gmom;
jzpfygu &GmcHvlrdkuftzGJ@u rdkufa=u;awmif;I rdkufa=u;zdk;ay;&onf? Tn aus;vufr*Fvmaqmif
wGif rdkufa=u;cGJjcif;r&Sd?
udw k ;kd pdeuf owd@k om;ukd óud;wm;onfh vGe;f armifEiS afh usmpf ed u f dk “um;*dwaf wGrmS rdu k af =u;
awmif;wJh ykvdyfawG/ ppfom;awGeJ@ wlw,fa[h ”[lI axhaihgavSmifajymifonfukd vGef;armifu
&,fumarmum wkef@jyefcJhavonf?
“tjrwfxkwf rdkufa=u;cGJwwfwJh ykvdyfawG ppfwyfuaumifawGeJ@rS E_dif;wwfyavw,f
Asm? owdk@om; armifjrrif;u o'<gw&m;eJ@ u|efawmfwdk@ukd ay;urf;pGef@}uJwJh aiGa=u;eJ@ 'Dn aysmfaysmf
yg;yg; csufðywfpm;=ur,f æ bl;oD;eJ@=uuf csufr,f æ bl;oD;ukd=uufa&mr,f r[kwfvm;? 'Dn
va&mifatmufrSm owdk@orD;/ owdk@om; au|;arG;{nfhcHwJh npmpm;yGJrSm aysmfaysmfyg;yg; pm;=u&
atmifyg æ 'Dacwf}uD;xJrSm æ taysmfqdkwmr&Sdawmh æ 'Dvdkr*Fvm&SdwJh r*FvmaqmifrSm tm;vHk;
aysmf=u&atmifygAsm æ”
+idrfoufoGm;=uonf? vGef;armif pum;rqHk;rDygyJ “[kwfygw,fav æ 'gtaysmf óud;wm;
wmygu, G ?f aESmif, h uS wf m r[kwyf gb;l av”[k owd@k om;tar a': jrcspu f 0ifajymonf? tm;vH;k u
vnf; toHawG xGuv f monf? um,uH&iS af wGudk tðidtjiifay;wmrS r[kwyf [ J k ajym=u/ yJwh ifxyf
=uonf? ukdwdk;pdefu “at;Asm æ vGef;armifeJ@ ausmfpdefukd raumif;qdk;0g; rdp>maumifawGeJ@rS
u|eaf wmfuvnf; E_id ;f rdw,f? trSeu f taemufveG o f mG ;wm vGe;f armifa& æ tuk}d uD;wd;k awmif;yef
ygw,fuGm”ol@toHu rmausmausmr[kwf? wdk;oufaeavonf?
vGe;f armifEiS afh usmpf ed wf @kd rsuEf mS ay:wGif òyH;&dyof rf;oGm;onf? wdrw f u kd x f rJ S xGuvf monfh
v0ef;uJodk@ vif;oGm;onf? ukdwdk;pdef. pum;wcGef;a=umifh atmifhoufouf jzpfoGm;cJh&mrS jyefvnf
acsmarG@ ajyjypfomG ;avonf? owd@k om;u óuw d ifxnf, h vl monfah iGudk tdwx f rJ x
S w k uf m udv k eG ;f armif
vufodk@ urf;vkdufonf?
“ukv d eG ;f armifw@dk ukad usmpf ed w
f @kd tm;vH;k u u|eaf wmfw@dk twGuf aysmyf JG &$iyf JG txdr;f trSwyf JG
vkyfay;wmukd u|efawmfu axmufyHhtm;jznfhwmygAsm”
owdk@om;u &Suf&GH@&GH@jzihf toHu wkef,ifaeonf? vGef;armifESihfausmfpdefwdk@u a&$wHcg;
aiGwHcg;tjzpf owfrSwfxm;onfh yk0gjzLóud;pudk ±kyfodrf;vdkuf=uonf? 0dkif;=unfhaeaom vli,f
42
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

wodkufrSm “a[; ”[lI atmf[pf qlnHoGm;=uonf? vGef;armifESihfausmfpdefwdk@rSm ajrjyifay:wGif

txyfxyf ckefaygufae=uonf?
“uJoGm;+yDa[h æ csuf=uðywf=ur,f æ npmr*Fvmxrif; pm;=ur,f? aemufwem&D
ESpfem&DtwGif;rSm pm;=u&atmif”
nmoHay;um wa[;a[;atmf[pf&if; tdrfwpuf+rdwfatmuf bl;pifatmufuae
ajy;xGufoGm;=uavonf? wu,fu bmrSrjynfhpHk? qef/ qD/ qm;/ &Sm&rnf? =uuf0,f,l&rnf?
bl;oD;vkdufawmif;&rnf? bl;oD;u jy\emr&Sd? óuHwJhbl;pifrSm 0,fvdk@&onf? tvSLcH+yD; qGwfvdk@vJ
&onf? jy\emu qefESihfqD? owdk@om;u aiGoHk;axmifyJ ay;vdkufwm? ukdvGef;armifESihfausmfpdefu
vrf;ckvwfa&mufrS owdk@om; ay;vdkufonfhaiGukd va&mifatmufwGif vufjzef@um xkwf=unfh
rdonf? 'DaiG oHk;axmifxJeJ@ b,fvdkavmufyghrvJ? “ausmfpdefa& igwdk@yJ pdkufxkwf=u&rSmayghuGm æ
b,fwwfEkdifyghrvJ æ uJvm ”[kqdkum ukdvGef;armifu OD;aqmifcJhavonf?
ukdvGef;armifu tdrfwpuf+rdwfatmufrS xGufroGm;rD yk0gjzLukd ykdif&Sifjzpfonhf tzGm;
a':a&$rSef. ykcHk;ay:odk@ “a[m'DrSm tzGm;yk0gukd u|efawmfjyeftyfcJh+yD”[kqdkum wifxm;cJhavonf?
tzGm;a':a&$rSefu “at;yguG,f at;yguG,f ”[kqdkum olwifxm;onfh ykcHk;ay:rS yk0gpukd ykcHk;ESpfzuf
ay:wGif jzef@umodkif;òcHvdkufonf? tzGm;u tdrf0wGifxdkifae&mrS ±kwfw&uf ukef;xvdkufonf?
xkwfwef;wGif csdwfqGJxm;aom zefrD;tdrfESifh wdkufrdojzifh zefrD;tdrfu ,drf;xdk; cg,rf;oGm;avonf?
tzGm;u “tvdak v;bk&m;a&”[k &nf&w G &f if; wcgjyefxikd v f u kd &f onf? tzGm;a':a&$reS u f owd;k orD;
rat;a=umh. tzGm;? rat;a=umh.taz OD;vSarmif. tar? tzGm;u owdk@om;armifjrrif;ukd
awG@csifvS+yD? pl;prf; =unfhcsifonf? xdk@a=umihf ae&ma&GŒvdkufjcif;jzpfonf?
tdrfay:odk@ q&mOD;yef;v_difwkd@ vSrf;wufvmcJh=uonf? owdk@om; taztarvnf; q&m
OD;yef;v_difaemufrS uyfvsuf ygvm=uonf? tzGm;a':a&$rSefESifh owdk@orD;rdbawGu “vm=u æ”
[kqu kd m &,farmv_u d v
f J óudqvkd u
kd =f uonf? tdraf y:od@k aemufxyfvrS ;f wuf&ef ajcvSr;f jyifaeaom
owdk@om;ESihf owdk@om; vlysKdazmfESpfa,mufukd tzGm;rSefu iHk@=unfhonf? oGm;usKd;yg;usKd;avoHESihf
ajymaeavawmhonf?
“igah jr;u vlacsmvlvS æ vlnKd acsm æ igah jr;r rda=umhawmh uHaumif;+yo D m rSwaf yawmh æ
zJr±du
k /f t&ufraomuf/ bde;f rpm; æ/ vl±;kd vlat; æ v,fxeG w f mvnf;aumifowJh æ udik ;f xGew f m
vnf;aumif;/ aumuf&w d af umif; æ tzGm;uawmh igah jr;armifjrrif;ukd [dw k ek ;f uwnf;u cspaf ewm
uGJ@ æ uJ æ vmuG,f/ tdrfay:wuf=u æ”
“tzGm;rSef æ owdvnf;xm;aemf æ ud, k ihf g;csOu
f , dk cf sOw
f hJ vlawGudk &GmxJrmS vdu k zf rf;
aew,fw”hJ
oGm;z&Japh ukdbat;u tzGm;udkaemufvdkufonf? tzGm;u oGm;usKd;yg;usKd;ESihf w[J[J
&,farmaeonf? uGrf;aoG;rsm;u E_wfcrf;wGef@ tpif;a=umif;rsm;xJwGif 0ifcdkae=uonf? uGrf;aoG;
oD;aeaom yg;pyfE_wfcrf;ukd[I[I &,favonf? aus;&Gm trsKd;orD;acgif;aqmif rat;jrifhu
“'DtzGm;}u;D [m pum;uk&d n S w
f ,f/ raewwfrxdik w f wf ”pdwx f rJ mS rsuaf pmif;xd;k um a&&Gwaf vonf?
armifjrrif;u &Sufukd;&Sufuef;jzpfaeonf? q&mOD;yef;v_difuvGJI tm;vHk;zdeyfpD;rvm=u?
43
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

'DjyifvlawG zdeyfrygwm xm;awmh? owdk;om; zdeyfrygawmh t=unfh&qdk;aeavonf? tusôu

=u,fjyma&mif/ vHkcsnfu *ef@a*gqiftndKa&mif/ tusôu 'dkbDodk@r[kwf rD;ylwdkufr[kwf? vufjzifh
oyfum zdacguf+yD; acgif;tkH;atmufwGif naygif;rsm;pGm xm;tdyfcJhonfhtusô? tom;u ndKpdrfhpdrfh?
cE<mukd,fu zGH@zGH@òzd;òzd;/ &iftkyfuus,fus,f? owdk@om;armifjrrif;acgif;u qDeH@u yg;yg;uav; taiG@
jyefxGufvmaeonf? qdk;qdk;&Gm;&Gm; eHa[mifwmrsKd;awmhr[kwf? qDeH@ESihf qDacs;a&mxm;onhfteH@?
[if;csufqDykvif;ukd vuf0g;xJarSmufcsvdkufpOf ykvif;zifwGifuyfaeaom qDacs;uoHk;av;puf
vuf0g;xJ pD;usvmcJhonf? xdktºuGif;tusefqDukd a&oHk;av;pufESihfa&mum qHyifawGxJxnfh?
qHyifukd zD;oifvdkufonf?
vGecf ohJ nfh q,fEpS cf ef@u 0g;bD;awG/ ,ckyvyfpwpfaumfb;D ? aumfb;D u usK;d cJojzifh tcdik ;f
cHavonf? xdkaumfbD;jzifh txyfxyfzD;oifcJhojzifh qHyifu ydjym;um oyf&yfaeavonf? ntwl
tdyfonfhtcg owdk@orD;rda=umhuawmh owdk@om; qHr#ifawGqDu qDacs;eH@ukd&,frSmyJ? owdxm;
rdv#if taotcsm&,frSmyJ?
rat;jrifhu vGwfceJ@aemufvdkufonfhtcsdefwGif owdk@om;armifjrrif;u tdrfay:tqifhodk@
vSrf;twuf/ armifjrrif;rSm &SufaoG;jzef;um xyfI&ifckef&avonf? &ifckefoHu v$rf;xm;ojzifh
rat;jrifh aemufajymwmukd r=um;wcsuf =um;wcsuf?
“tzGm;rSefajymovdkyJ owdk@om;u 'DnrSm ausmhvdk@/ armhvdk@/ acsmvdk@/ vSvdk@/ 'gayrJh
zdeyfrygvmwm qdk;w,fuGm æ apmapmxJu trukdajyma&maygh”
oGm;z&JaphESifh ukdwdk;pdefwdk@ESpfa,mufrSm rat;jrifhukd wa,muf+yD;wa,muf pum;vHk;
awGESihf xdk;ESufavawmhonf?
“eifhrSmaum zdeyfpD;xm;vdk@vm; æ zdeyfaum&Sd&JŒvm;”
“r&Sdbl; ”
“trukd ajyma&maygq h akd wmh eifu owd@k om;udk 0,fay;rvd@k aygah v [kwvf m; æ eifawmif
0,frpD;EkdifbJeJ@ vla&SŒrSm toHaumif;[pfw,fayghav æ eifhyg;pyfukd iga&$csxm;csifygw,f[,fæ
at;jrihf&JŒ æ ydefr&JŒ ”
“usKyfukdajym&if æòrdŒukdwuf+yD; zdeyf0,fay;r,fvdk@ ajymcsifwm ”
“a[m'D igwdk@&GmrSm wtdrfwufqif; zdeyfvdkuf&Sm=unfh æ tdrfajcajcmufq,fausmf
&Sdw,fæ zdeyfaumif;aumif; ig;&Hawmif&yghrvm; æ? r&Ekdifbl; æ 'DnrSm b,folrS zdeyfr&Sdvdk@ zdeyf
pD;rvm=ubl; æ owkd@om;u igwdk@ukdopPmrazmufbl; æ 'gcsD;usL;&r,f at;jrifh æ b,fol zdeyf
pD;vmovJ æ q&m}uD;OD;yef;v_dif zdeyfpD;vmw,f æ tJ'g tawmhfukdqdk;w,fAsm æ”
yGufavm±dkufatmif &,fvdkuf=uavonf? q&mOD;yef;v_difvnf; acgif;ukd v_yfcg+yD;
wodrfhodrfh &,favonf? “rSm;ygw,fuGm æ rSm;ygw,f ” [lIvnf; wwGwfwGwfqdkavonf?
owdk@om;eJ@ owkd@orD;rSm wa,mufrsufESm wa,muf=unfhum bmajymvdk@ ajym&rSef;rod &,f=u
avonf? &,forH sm;tqH;k wGif r*FvmuefawmhypJG wifz@kd owd@k orD;.tr rat;azgu h yJ Ed;k aqmfavonf?
tdrfOD;cef;x&HESihf uyfvsufwef;pDum ESpfzufrdb aqGrsKd;rsm; xdkifae=uonf? q&m
OD;yef;v_id Ef iS hf tzGm;a':a&$reS u
f bk&m;pifatmufrmS ? nmzufjcrf;rSm owd@k om;rdbrsm;? b,fzufjcrf;
44
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

wG i f owd k @ orD ; rd b rsm;jzpf o nf h OD v S a rmif / a':ES i f ; ok e f ? rat;azgh u rd b ES p f y g; ab;wG i f

xdkifaeavonf? olru tvSqHk; jyifqifxm;aomfvnf; yv$m;r_r&Sd? cyf±dk;±dk;yJ jyifqifxm;onf?
nDr r*FvmaqmiftwGuf &efuek rf S a&muf&v dS mcJjh cif;jzpfonf? rat;azgu h òrŒd awmfo@kd a&mufco
hJ nfrmS
ig;ESpf&Sd+yD? odk@ayr,fh bmrS tajymif;tvJr&Sd/ tdrfaxmifuscJh+yD/ ppfbufqdkif&m t&m&Sd}uD;tdrfwGif
rD;zdkacsmif tvkyform;? ppfwyfu xdyfwef;tusqHk; acgif;aqmifwpkxJwGif xdkppft&m&Sdu wOD;
tygt0if? xdkt&m&Sd. om;u rat;azghukd usm;waumifvdk acsmif;aecJhonf? bm;/ EkdufuvyfESifh
txufvm$ =um;wGif umr&rRuEf iS fh xifovdak ysmyf g;vdu k pf m;ol/ ppft&m&S. d ZeD;u ol@om;ESifh +idpeG ;f
rSmukd pdk;&drfonf? t+idtpGef;rcHEkdif/ xdk@a=umifh rat;azghukdem;csum t&mcHAdkvf '±dkifbmESifh ay;pm;cJh
onf? t&mcHAdkvfvSóudifu rkqdk;zdk? uav;wa,muftaz? rat;azghu vSóudifESihf tdrfaxmif ðycJh&
aomfvnf; aus;vufu v,frJh,mrJhpdwf"mwf/ aumufpdkufrpdwf"mwfu ajymif;vJroGm;cJhay?
rat;azgh &Gmukdjyefa&mufvmpOf w&GmvHk;ukd a&mufatmifoGm;onf? wtdrfwufqif; E_wfquf
av#mufvnf? rdk;aygufawGxJ uefoif;cHkwGif oli,fcsif; aumufpdkufrawGESihf 0kdif;zGJ@ xrif;pm;ovdk
,ckvnf; 0dkif;zGJ@umxrif;pm=u? a&SŒjzpfaemufa=umif;awG ajym=u/ &,f=u? rat;jrifhwdk@ rdwifa&$wdk@
u rat;azghukd wzGzGwoo csD;rGrf;=uonf?
“a[m'Daumifr rdazgu h awmh t&ifvykd J bmrS rajymif;vJb;l æ ude;f cef;r}u;D / aoG;r}u;D æ
rmer}uD; æ” xdkodk@wzGzG axmyemðy=uavonf?
uefawmhypJG wifz@kd E_;d aqmfvu
kd af omfvnf; pdwx f w J iG ef ifah eonf? nDrr*Fvmaqmifonfn h
oli,fcsif;awG rdbawGESifh qHkqnf;&onfhnwGif ESpfaxmif;tm;& aysmf&$if&rnf jzpfaomfvnf;
rvef;qef;EdkifbJ wcgwcgwGif v_dufI a=uuGJaeavonf? &ifxJwGif b0ifrusr_/ rauseyfr_awGu
v_dif;xaewwfao;onf? b,fvdkajym&rvJ? t˜t tdyfrufovdk jzpfaeonf? AdkvfvSóudifESihf
tdrfaxmifðycJh&yHk/ vif,lcJh&yHkukd ajymcsifyHkr&? &Gmukdjyefa&mufpOf jrifhrdk&fawmifESifh ZD;aphES,f uGmjcm;
onfh b0awGukd E_dif;,SOfcsuft& awG@vdkuf&onf? &GmrSmaecJhpOfu Tr#jcm;em;oDacgifonfh b0awG
ukdem;rvnfcJh? &GHŒawm/ AGufawm/ EGm;acs;awmwGif usifvnfae&mrS òrdŒawmf&Sdtm%m& ppft&m&Sd
}uD;. ewfbHkewfeef;tdrfawmfwGif tvkyform;tjzpf tdrfwGif;tdrfjyif tvkyfvkyfaecJh&mrS csrf;om
ºuG,f0jcif;ESihf qif;&JrGJawjcif;ukd E_dif;,SOfodjrifvmcJhonf? aiG&Sdol tm%m&SdolawGu usdusdwuf
csrf;omae=u? ºuG,f0zGH@òzd;ae=u? xdyfqHk;u ppfAdkvfcsKyfawGqdkolawGrSm edAŠmefbHkay:wGif pnf;pdrfcHpm;
pHpm;ae=uonfukd vufawG@jrifawG@ae&onf? &GmrSmu pdwfrcsrf;ajrŒp&m? xrif; weyfESifhweyf
tvsifrDzdk@ ajy;v$m;±kef;uef &Smpm;ae=u&onf? iwfjywf=u/ qif;&JrGJaw=u/ vl@ tqifhtwef;u
wajz;ajz;edrfhusvmvdkufwm ajr}uD;xJ wl;0ifvmae+yD? xdkuGmjcm;vGef;vSonfh b0awGukd ,SOfwGJ
jrifae&onfhtwdkif; pdwfxdckdufrdonf? nDrtdrfaxmifðyawmh xyf+yD;cHpm;&jyefonf? apmifr&Sd/
jcifaxmifr&Sd/ xHk;pHtwdkif;ygyJvdk@ ajym&awmhrnf? tdk;cGufr&Sd/ tdrfcef;r&Sd/ acgif;tHk;r&Sd? pdwfxJwGif
eifhaeavawmhonf? b,fol@ukd b,fvdkajym&rvJ?
“uJæ tm±Hkðy=u æ teE Wig;yg;ukd OD;cdkufuefawmhvdkuf=u ”
q&mOD;yef;v_difu quf+yD;toHðy E_d;aqmfvdkufawmhrS rat;azghtawG;u &yfoGm;onf?
tpOftvm r*Fvmaqmifu bdodufq&muJhodk@ rvdktyfwmawGukd csJŒxGifajymraeeJ@awmh?
45
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

owdk@om; owdk@orD;wdk@ uefawmh+yD;onfESihf q&mu r*Fvmpum; ajym=um;csD;jr‡ifhonf? qkawmif;

arwWmydk@oay;onf? q&mu acwfrD+yD;om;? a&muf&Sdaeaomacwfukd od&SdcHpm;aeol? vufawG@
b0ukd xif[yf+yD; tdrfaxmifr_b0ukd &Sif;jyonf? wu,fh vdktyfcsufudkom ajym=um;qHk;ronf?
ukvm;jynfuvmaom [dENLukvm; ,Ofaus;r_ukd Armbk&ifawG acwfopfvlcsrf;omawGu vufcH
,lvdkuf=uonf? ykÀm;awG c±koif;r_wf bdodufoGef;ouJodk@ r_wf=u oGef;avmif;cJh=uonf?
ukvm;,Ofaus;r_twdkif;yif jy\'g;/ &uf&mZma&G;cs,f r*FvmaqmifcJh=uonf? q&mu xdktpOf
tvmukd tdrfay:odk@twufrcHbJ tdrfwHpuf+rdwftjyifwGif &yfcdkif;xm;vdkufonf?
“ tdrfaxmifpkwck[m wdkif;jynfwckeJ@ twlwlyJuG æ rif;wdk@ tckvdktdrfaxmifwck pwif
xlaxmifjcif;[m wdkif;jynf ao;ao;uav;wck xlaxmifvdkufwmyJuG æ tJ'Dawmh ukd,fvkyfwJh
tvkyfwckukd ukd,fwdkifodzdk@vdkw,fuG æ wdkif;jynfwckukd wnfaqmufvdkufwmjzpfw,f æ 'ga=umifh
}uD;us,fw,f/ crf;em;w,f/ euf±_dif;w,f/ aru armifhukdcspf/ armifuvnf; arhukdcspfvdk@ tdrfaxmif
ðycJh=uayr,fhæ tcspfwckxJ &yfraeawmhbl;? vm+yD [dkbuftokdif;t0kdif; 'Dbuf todkif;t0kdif;
qufqHa&;udpPawG æ vlr_a&;oabmw&m;awG ygvm+yDæ 'gwGifyJvm;qdkawmh r[kwfao;bl;cifAsm
æ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;/ bmoma&;/ ,Ofaus;r_ tJ'gawGukd aygif;csKyfvdkufawmh EkdifiHa&;aygh æ rsufuef;
wap>ra=umufqdkovdk æ bmrSrjrif/ bmrSrodbJ tdrfaxmifðywmxuf 'Dtjrif 'DtodawGeJ@
tdrfaxmifðyawmh ydkaumif;wmaygh æ jy\emawG tcuftcJawGukd 'Dtodw&m;awGeJ@ ausmfjzwf
&awmh ykd+yD;atmifjrifwmaygh æ tcspfqdkwm vlr_a&;oabmw&m;awG tjynfhyg0ifw,f æ
um,uH&SifawG&JŒ yk*~vdu cHpm;r_oufouf r[kwfbl;aemf æ ”
q&mOD;yef;v_difu cg;qef@vdkufonf? ol@pum;ukd acwW&yfem;vdkufonf? tzGm;rSefu
acgif;wndwfndwfvkyfum em;axmifae&mrS 0ifaxmufvdkufonf?
“'Dvrkd *Fvmpum;rsKd ; 'DuiG ;f xJrmS 'DwpfcgyJ em;axmif&ao;w,f/ orD;eJ@om; ESpaf ,mufxJ
twGufom r[kwfbl;aemf tm;vHk;twGuf em;axmif=uuGJ@/ rSwfxm;=uuGJ@/ [kdtdrfatmufu
vli,fawGaum q&mhr*Fvmpum;udk =um;=u&JŒvm;uGJ@æ”
“=um;&w,ftzGm; usrwdk@*±kpdkuf+yD; em;axmifaewmyg”
rat;azmholi,fcsif; rdwifa&$rSm apmapmuxJu a&mufvmcJhonf? bl;pifatmufwGif
aumuf±kd;cif; *kefeDtdwfawGudk jzef@pDcsKyfxm;onfh *kefzsmudkcif;? xdk*kefzsmtcif;ay:wGif pkxdkif=u+yD;
em;axmifae=ujcif;jzpfonf? va&mifu pdrf;jronf/ bl;&Gufrsm;udk jzwfoef;vmcJhojzifh rat;jrifh/
rdwifa&$/ oGm;z&Japhwdk@ tkyfpkonfvnf; pdrf;vJhaeonf? bl;pifudkarmh=unfhv#if bl;n$ef@/ bl;cuf/
uEkwfacG/ uEkwfEG,frsm;t=um;uae v0ef;udkawG@&onf? bl;&GufxlxlatmufwGif xdkif&oltzdk@
v0ef;rsufESmudk acsmif;=unfhrS &Sm=unfhrSawG@&onf?
“atmifr,fav; æ vkyf=uOD;Asm æ”[laomtoHESifhtwl rD;zdkaqmifESifh wGJxm;onfh
a&ujyifusdK;usonfh toHudk =um;vdkuf=uonf? tm;vHk; xdwfvef@oGm;=uonf? b,fol bmjzpf
oGm;ao;vJ? b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ qlyGufoGm;avawmhonf? tdrfuao;awmh tdrfay:wufonfh
t0if0wGif vlawGuydwfae+yD? tdrfay:wuf+yD; r*Fvmpum; em;axmif&eftwGuf tdrfaemufab;
a&ujyifudk udkwdk;pdefvSrf;vdkufpOf a&ujyif+ydKus/ usdK;usoGm;jcif;jzpfonf? udkwdk;pdefu &ifxdwf
46
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

oGm;onf? 'l;acgi;f ta&jym; vefomG ;onf? a&td;k oH;k vH;k u wvH;k uGo J mG ;onf? rdwifa&$u udw k ;kd pdeu
f kd
qGJxl&if; “a':av;okefa& æ tdk;wvHk;awmh uGJoGm;+yD æ &Sifenf;&m t*~vlxGuf æ El&wJhtxJ
0JpGJæ”wAspfawmufawmuf atmf[pfaeavonf? a':ESif;okefu &ifwkef&ifckef+yD; pOfhtdk; uGJoGm;
ovm; æ taraoawmh &vdkufwJhtarGav/ taraooGm;awmh bmrSrusefcJhbl; æ tJ'D
pOfhtdk;uav;yJ usefcJhwm æ 'ga=umifh tarh trSwfw&rdk@yg æ ”[k vSrf;ajymvdkufonf? q&m
OD;yef;v_id uf oufjyif;wcsucf svu kd o
f nf? rat;azgh pdwrf oufrom jzpfomG ;onf? od@k aomf [efrysuf
aevdkufonf? ukdwdk;pdefvnf; c%twGif; tdrfay:odk@a&mufvmonf? q&mu r*Fvmtcrf;tem;ukd
xdef;onfhtaejzifh ol@pum;udkol jyefpavonf?
“tckyJ awG@vdkuf& =um;vdkuf&w,fr[kwfvm; æ tck 'Dtdrfuav;[m csrf;om
ºuG,f0ol&JŒ ckdifcef@wJhtdrf/ 'grSr[kwf wdkufwm taqmuftOD; jzpfaew,fqdk&if a&ujyifusKd;usp&m
ta=umif;r&Sdbl; æ a':ESif;okef&JŒ tarqHk;yg;oGm;awmh a':ESif;okef&vdkufwJh pD;yGm;a&;tarG&,f æ
aemufwck tarG&vdkufwJh pOfhtkd;uav;wvHk;&,f/ 'gawG[m vlawG&JΠb0tajctaeawGukd
&nfnGef;aewm æ EkdifiHa&;aygh? acwfpepfaygh æ 'DacwfpepfxJrSm jzpfaewJhb0qdkawmh pD;yGm;a&;
EkdifiHa&;eJ@udk rvGwfawmhbl; æ ”
acgif;&if; oHk;tdrfausmfwGif vli,fwodkufu r*FvmnpmtwGuf csufðywfae=uonf?
olw@kd . &,farmoHrsm; aemufajymifuspD ,forH sm;/ ac:iif[pfaºuG;oHrsm;u tdru f av;xJo@kd ±ku d cf wf
vmavonf? q&mOD;yef;v_difu ol@wynfh ESpfa,mufjzpfonfh owdk@om; owdk@orD;udk pl;pdkuf
=unfhvdkufonf?
“q&majymcsifwmukd a&mufvm+yD æ q&mwdk@wawGtm;vHk;rSm acwfwm0efawG&Sdw,f
æ owkd@om; owdk@orD;tygt0if tm;vHk;rSmwm0ef&Sdw,f æ rdom;pkb0rSm at;at;csrf;csrf;
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf vkyfukdif pm;aomufcsif=uw,f æ q&mwkd@wdkif;jynfu rat;csrf; rwnf+idrfawmh
yd+k yD; qif;&JwiG ;f eufvmw,f æ wwdik ;f jynfv;kH vlxuk awmif;qdw k hJ 'Dru
kd a&pDe@J vGwv
f yfrq
_ wkd mukd
igwdk@tpdk;&r[kwfwJh rw&m;zdESdyfaewJh ppftkyfpku csKyfcs,fxm;wkef;? ydwfyifxm;wkef;bJ? vlxkawG
a&G;cs,fxm;wJh vlxkukd,fpm;vS,fawGukd tpdk;&zGJ@pnf;cGifh vHk;0ray;bl;? aoewfeJ@ ydwfyifxm;jyef
w,f? 'Dawmh olwdk@ydwfxm;wmukd igwdk@tm;vHk;u zGifh=u&rSmyJ? igwkd@oGm;csifwJhvrf;udk ydwfvdk@
r&a=umif; xkwfjy&r,f? wcsufxJeJ@ xdatmifrdatmifajym&&if 'D ppftm%m&Sifpepfqdkwmukd
zsufodrf;ypfzdk@ tm;vHk;rSm wm0ef&Sdw,f? cgwdkif;vdkyJ v,fxJqif;vdkuf/ awmwufvdkuf/ v,fxGef
vdkuf/ xifaygufa&xrf; xrif;pm;a&aomuf tvkyfawGeJ@wif r+yD;awmhbl;? b0awGukd qif;&JwGif;
eufatmif/ rnDr#atmif/ rr#watmif vkyfaewJhpepfukd zsufodrf;ypfzdk@ wdkufyGJawGxJrSm yg0if=u&
ayvdrfhr,f? ”
OD;yef;v_dif toHtaetxm;u rmausmonfvnf;r[kwf jyif;xefonfvnf;r[kwf
wufºuGr_awmh &Sdaeonf? olajymvdkonfh t"dy`g,f yef;wkdifa&mufap&ef yHkazmfI ajymwwfol?
pum;ajymaumif;ol? =urf;&ifhonfh EkdifiHa&;pum;vHk;rsm;ukd o,faqmifvmcJhonfh [efyefavoHrSm
tdrftjyifu va&mifuJhodk@ acsmarG@ nufanmaeavonf? em;axmifol. &ifwGif;odk@ prf;acsmif;a&
uJhodk@ w+idrfh+idrfhpD;0ifavonf? tom;ndKndK/ rsufESm0dkif;0kdif;/ ESmwHay:ay:/ ar;±dk;u awmifhwif;um
47
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

ay:vGifaeonf? xljcm;onfh q&mhvuQ%mrSm ºuGm;0gr_ rmefrme [dwf[efr&Sdjcif;jzpfonf?

v,form;wOD;uJhodk@ ±dk;±dk;}uD;?
“wdik ;f jynfu vGwv
f yf+yD; w&m;r#w+yDq&kd if æ tdraf xmifðy=uwJh vli,fawG b,favmuf
om,m=urvJ? tckawmh orD;eJ@om;wdk@[m rajy;omra&SmifombJ qif;&JwGif;}uD;xJ a&muf=u&
tHk;r,f æ b0rSm bmrS tmrcHcsufr&Sdbl;/ wckawmhaumif;w,f/ bmaumif;ovJqdkawmh rif;wdk@
igwdk@rSm bmrSwyfrufp&m bmykdifqdkifr_rS r&Sdbl; æ aemufqHwif;p&m r&Sdbl; æ 'gha=umihf pGef@vGwf
pGef@pm;+yD; pepfqdk;acwfqdk;ukd zsufodrf;zdk@ wdkufyGJ0ifzdk@qdkwm toifhjzpfaew,f? tJ'DvdkrS acwfwm0ef
ukd rxrf;Ekdifbl;qdk&if æ rif;wdk@arG;vmwJh æ aemufarG;vm=urJh om;awG orD;awG rsKd;qufawGvnf;
æ rif;wdk@ tarGay;xm;wJhtwdkif; qif;&J rGJaw=uaytHk;awmhaygh æ rr#w rat;csrf;bJ æ ppfu|ef
b0xJrSm qufae=uayawmhayghuGm æ [kwfvm; ”
aemufq;kH pum;vH;k wGif cHjyif;r_rsm;ygomG ;onf? q&mrsm; tpnf;ta0;wGiv f nf; xdo
k @kd yif
ajymwwfo?l vGaJ csmaf eaom ynma&;/ qif;&JwiG ;f eufvo S nfh ausmif;om;rdbawGudk uk, d x
f u
l ,dk x f
rlvwef;ausmif;rsm; ay:aygufap&ef óud;yrf;a&;wkd@ukd tpnf;ta0;Y jywfjywfxifxif a0zefcJhol?
&Spfav;vHk; ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif òrdŒe,f taemufzufjcrf;wckvHk;ukd vlxkESifhtwl OD;aqmifum
ukid v
f y_ cf o
hJ ?l tm%modr;f onhpf pftyk pf u k OD;yef;v_id u
f dk tvkyðf zwfypfco
hJ nf? r+yD;ao;onfh ynma&;
bGJ@oifwef;ukd &yfqdkif;vdkufonf? ,cktcg aus;&Gmvlxku q&mhukdpmoifcdkif;onf? q&mhtdrfESihf
wqufwnf; pmoifcef;wck wnfaqmufay;xm;=uonf? q&mhrdom;pktwGuf 0rf;pmpyg; tenf;
i,fukd pkaqmif;jznfhqnf; ay;xm;=uonf? q&mu pmoif&if; [if;&GufoD;ESH pdkufysKd;a&mif;cs pm;ae
avonf? aus;vufvlxku q&mhukd av;pm;cspfcif=u/ =unfndK tm;xm;=uavonf? q&mu
Toajyawm&GmESihf wrdkifomoma0;onfh 'kdufuef&GmwGif aexdkifonf? r*Fvmpum; csD;jr‡ifhzdk@
uefawmhcH&ef yifhzdwfonfhtwGuf q&mu a&mufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? owkd@om;ESihf owkd@orD;u
q&mhwynfhawG r[kwfvm;?
q&mOD;yef;v_difu vuf&Sd EkdifiHa&;tajctae wckvHk;ukd &Sif;jyonf? oHk;oyf=uonf?
rdom;pkwckESihf xdkEkdifiHa&;ukd qufpyfjyonf? xdk@jyif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfjzpfonfh trsKd;om;
wyfOD;}uD;. tcef;u¾ukd a&mufvmonf? vlxku tm%mtyfESif;xm;onfh/ vlxk ukd,fpm;vS,f
awG o nf ,ck u J o d k @ tpd k ; &zG J @ cG i f h r &onf h t cg jynf o l v l x k a wG x H jyef v moif h o nf ?
jyefvm&rSmjzpfonf? vlxkawGeJ@twl vlxkvrf;pOf wnfaqmuf+yD; jynfol@v$wfawmfukd ac:&rnf?
tpdk;&w&yf zGJ@pnf;&rnf? xdkvrf;twdkif; oGm;&rnf[k a0zefoHk;oyfavonf?
q&mu pum;tvsifukd &yfvdkufpOf bl;pifatmufu rdwifa&$wdk@tkyfpkrSm pdwftwGif;wGif
vif;vufoGm;=uum v_yfv_yf&G&G ajymqdka0zef=uavonf? q&majymwm rSefwmaygh æ ppfwyfu
b,fvdkyJ wmqD;ydwfyifygap æ odkodkodyfodyf uspfuspfvpfvpfeJ@ pkpnf;&rSmaygh æ 'Dv$wfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,fawGu cktwdkif;qdk b,fwm0efausyghrvJ æ 'DcsKyfygwDuvnf; usKyfwdk@awmudk
qif;rvmygbl;awmf æ ponfjzifh qlyGufxvmavonf? q&mu “ighwdk@awGxH a&mufvmawmhr,fh
ppftrdef@u bmvJqdkwm od=uyg&J@vm; ”[kar;vkdufpOf ar;cGef;a=umifh c%+idrfoGm;onf?
“ppftm%m&SifawGu olwdk@om w&m;0if tpdk;&jzpfw,fqdkwm jyEkdifzdk@ +yD;cJhwJh a&G;aumufyGJtajzukd
48
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

*±krpdu
k af =umif; jyEkid zf @kd olw@kd u,
dk w
f idk f a&;qGx
J m;wJh zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyOkH ya'ukd twnfðyay;=uygqw
kd m
vmawmhr,f”[kqdkum &yfvkdufonf?
“owk@d om;eJ@ owd@k orD;u bmvkyrf vJ æ rdwifa&$w@kd ukb d at;wd@k uaum bmvky=f urvJ
æ ae0if;acwfuvdkyJ aoewfatmufrSm rJay;=urSmvm;? ”
armifjrrif;ESifh rat;a=umhu q&mhrsufESmukd armh=unfhae=uonf? u|efawmfwdk@ u|efrwdk@
bmvkyf&rvJq&m qdkonfh ar;cGef;ESifh xyfwlonfht=unfh? ukdwdk;pdefeJ@ rat;azghu wdkifyifxm;ovdk
a&SŒqifhaemufqifh ajzvdkuf=uonf? “b,fawmhrS raxmufcH=ueJ@? b,fvdkenf;eJ@rS axmufcHp&m
rJxnfhp&m ta=umif;r&Sdbl;? q&majymwJh Oya'qdkwm aoewfeJ@tkyfcsKyfaewJh vlwpku a&;qGJ&rSm
r[kwfbl;? ckeu ajymcJhwJh vlxkv$wfawmf æ u a&;qGJ&rSm?” q&mOD;yef;v_difu a&aEG;yk*Hukd vSrf;,l
um taiG@xaeonfh a&aEG;ukd wzl;zl; r_waf omufaeavonf?“uJ æ rdbawGuvnf; om;eJ@orD;ukd
bmrsm;qHk;rrSm=um;=urvJ æ ajym=uygtHk;”[k q&mu a&aEG;aomuf&if; wkdufwGef;avonf?
tzGm;rSefu vifh0wW&m;/ r,m;0wW&m;awGukd &Gwfjy/ tJh'Dacwfwm0efukdyg aus¹yGef&rwJh?
tzGm;wdk@acwfwkef;u tzGm;wkd@u 'gawG[m ukd,fhudpPqdkwm ukd,fhwm0efqdkwm rodcJhbl;? OD;EkukdyJ
rJay;cJhwm? olrsm;ukdyHkcs+yD; ,HkcJhwm? rJay;cJhwm? q&majymwm rSefvGef;vdk@ cufaewm æ ? tm;vHk;u
wm0ef,l=u&r,f/ ypfy,fxm;vdk@r&bl;qdkwm trSefyJ? tzGm;wdk@acwfu rif;avmif;ar#mfwJh acwfukd;
uGJ@ æ [k uGrf;òrHŒ&if;ajymavonf?
“vlawGu bmjzpfcsifwmvJ æ jzpfcsifwmukd vlawGukd,fwkdif zefwD;wJhacwfayghuG,f æ”
tzGm;rSefu ol@qHk;rpum;ukd tqHk;owfvdkufyHk&onf? c%=umawmh q&mOD;yef;v_difu
rat;azghukd yGJawmif;onf? &efukefrjyefrD nDrESifharmifukd bmrsm; ajymcJhcsifvJ qHk;rcsifvJ? ajymqkd
qHk;rcJhygtHk;av æ [kq&mu &,foHpGufI vrf;zGifhay;onf? tm;vHk;u v_yfv_yf&G&GjzpfoGm;um
“ [kwfw,f æ rdazghu ajymqdkvrf;jycJh&rSm æ ” rdwifa&$u ol@oli,fcsif;rukd awmif;qdkavonf?
tm;vHk;u [kwfw,f æ qdk+yD; axmufcH=uavonf? rat;azghu awmufawmufyy tvS jc,fr_ef;
rxm; yvGm;r_r&Sd? [dwfawG [efawGr&Sd? olr. yifudk,ftvSukd ,Of,Ofa=umha=umh jzpf±Hkavmuf
jc,fxm;onf? ol@nrD owd@k orD; rat;a=umhuadk wmh wifw h ,fvyS atmif jc,fre_ ;f ay;xm;avonf?
rdef;uav;b0u xHk;wrf;tpOfvmt& 'Dr*Fvmwckwnf;&Sdwm æ [lonfh a&S;±dk; rd±dk;zvmukd
=um;a,mif&if; nDrukd ykdI tvSjyifay;onf? tysKdb0&JΠaemufqHk;nudk wo E_wfqufouJ@odk@
tvSjyifavonf? a=umha=umharmharmh vSaeonfh owdk@orD;u trbmajymrvJ iHhvifhum
owdk@om;ESihftwl armh=unfhonf?
“q&mqHk;roGm;wJhtxJrSm rnDr#r_awG/ rr#wr_awG rat;csrf;r_awG &Sdaew,fvdk@
ajymoGm;w,f? tJ'g wu,fh trSefw&m;yJ æ tJ'gukd xyf+yD;ajymcsifvdk@yg? 'Dn u|efrpdwfxJrSm
rauseyfr_awGvnf;jzpfrdw,f æ &ifxJrSmvnf; qdk@eifhaerdw,f æ bma=umifh ckvdkcHpm;&wmvnf;
qdkawmh rnDr#r_/ rr#wr_awGa=umifhygyJ æ 'DrSm&Sdae=uwJh atmufajc vlwef;pm;awGu qif;&J
jymusae=u/ iwfrGwfae=u/ tcGifhta&;bmwckrS r&=uayr,fhvnf; ppfAdkvfcsKyfawGrSmu csrf;om
ºuG,f0r_ rdk;xdatmif avScg;axmifwuf+yD; vlay:vlaZmfvkyfae=u vufn‡dK;nGef&m a&jzpfae=u/
avmupnf;pdrf t&omukd wjym;rav#mhatmif cHpm;pHpm;ae=u æ 'Dvdk rdk;eJ@ajrvkd uGmjcm;r_awGukd
49
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

od&avav pdwfroufrom jzpf&avavaygh? ”

r*Fvmaqmif tdrfuav;xJwGif +idrfoufaeavonf? pum;ajymoHu &yfvdkufpOf
+idrfoufr_u xif;ceJ ay:vmonf? npmpm;yGJtwGuf csufðywfae=uonfh vGef;armifESihf ausmfpdefwdk@
xHrS atmfoH[pfoHrsm;vnf; wdk;wdwfoGm;+yD?
“u|efrtvkyfvkyfaewJh tvkyf&SifppfAdkvfcsKyf&JŒom; aZmfrdk;ausmfeJ@ Adkvfrl;csKyfwkd@&JŒorD;
ol&, d cifoZl mwk@d r*Fvmaqmif[m olw@dk todik ;f t0kid ;f awGxrJ mS t}uD;us,q f ;kH xJu t}uD;us,q f ;kH
r*FvmaqmifygyJ æ }uD;us,fw,f crf;em;w,fqkdwm aumif;jrwfwJh tusifhpm&dwWeJ@ wkdif;wmvdk@
r&bl;aygh æ aZmfrdk;ausmfu =umulvD/ ppfAdkvf&JŒr,m;ukd =umcdkaewJhaumif/ usra,mufsm;
ajymjywmuawmh 'Daumifu vl±_yfvlayG/ vl@awav *sydk;/ ol&d,cifolZmu wdwfwdwfykef;wckvyf?
uAsmq&meJ@ vdkufajy;wmukd rdbawGu +cdrfajcmuf+yD; twif;qGJac:vmcJh&wm? xm;ygawmh? olwdk@
r*Fvmaqmifu }uD;us,fw,f crf;emw,fvdk@ ajymae=uwmu um;tpD;ESpfq,f r*FvmvufzGJ@
&&Sdvdk@yJ? olwkd@ajymwJht"dy`g,fu pdefu b,fESpfqifpm/ um;ub,fESpfpD; æ 'Dvdkðydif=uwmukd;/
rsm;rsm;&av }uD;us,fcrf;em;avyJwJh/ aZmfrdk;ausmfeJ@ ol&d,cifolZmwkd@twGuf&wJh r*Fvm
vufaqmif&wJhum;awGu vmbfxdk;=uwJh pD;yGm;a&;orm;awG&JŒ usdefpmoifhvdk@xifyg&JŒ æ r*Fvm
aqmifwJhnrSmyJ +cHpnf;±dk; tkwfeH&H}uD;òydusum um;ig;pD; ysufpD;oGm;ygava&m/ rSwfua&m? ”
“tvky&f iS v f yk f ief;&Siaf wG æ tm%m&Sd ppfAv kd af wG aumif;pm;=u/ wefc;kd xGm;=uwJh acwf&ŒJ
jy,k*fayghuG,f æ”
“atmf æ wdk@awG=uawmhvnf; qif;&JrGJawvdkuf=uwm urf;ukefa&m æ ”
q&mOD;yef;v_dif;eJ@ owdk@om;tar a': jrcspfu rat;azghajymjyaeonfh Zmwfvrf;ukd
aumufcsufqGJ=uonf? wufacgufolu wufacguf? tHh=oolu thH=o? owdk@om;eJ@ owkd@orD;wdk@.
zcifrsm;rSm acgif;wqwfqwf ndwfae=uonf?
“armifjrrif;eJ@ nDrav;wd@k r*Fvmaqmife@J ol&, d cifoZl meJ@ aZmfr;kd ausmw
f @kd r*Fvmaqmif
ESpfckukd E_dif;,SOf =unfhaerdw,f? uGmjcm;vdkufwm? wckawmh&Sdw,faygh/ usrarmifeJ@ usrnDru
±dk;om;jzLpifw,f æ tJ'guawmh *k%f,lp&myJ? ±dk;om;jzLpifr_yJ csrf;omw,f? [dkbufwjcrf;rSm&SdwJh
tay:xyfuvlawGuawmh a&$bakH &$eef; a&$=uiSe;f ay:rSm ae=uayr,fv h @kd vlpwk /f vl±y_ /f vlyyk af wG æ
tusifhoDvawG pdwf"gwfawGu ykyftJheHapmfaewJh vl@rvkdifcJawG”
rdwifa&Gaum rat;jrifhyg rat;azghxHrS xl;xl;qef;qef; =um;vdkuf&onfh a0g[m&rsm;ukd
pdwfESifh qdk=unhfae=uonf? wa,mufwayguf xifjrifcsuftrsKd;rsKd; xGufvm=uonf? rat;jrifhu
“owkd@om;ESifh owdk@orD;ukd u|efrwkd@vli,fawGu pk+yD; vufaqmifypPnf; ay;ygw,f? um;vnf;
vufrzG@EJ idk yf gb;l uG,/f pdeqf vkd @kd ykvif;uGpJ zefupJG yJ&w
dS ,f? a[m'DrmS usrwd@k tm;vH;k &JŒarwWmapwem
vufzGJ@ypPnf;”[kqdkum r*Fvmaqmif r*Fvmpum;ukd tqHk;owfvkdufonf?
xrif;tdk;ESihf [if;tkd;ao;ao;ESpfvHk;u 'eftdk;awG? oH',ftdk;av;uwvHk;? usefwJh
aomufa&tdk;awG/ ig;yda&tdk;/ [if;&Gufðywftdk;/ a&aEG;tdk;/ jiKyfqHkwdk@u ajrxnfypPnf;awG? wGHaw;u
vmonfhtdk;awG? aus;vufwckvHk;onf ya'o&mZf acwftwdkif;yif &Sdaeao;a=umif; ajrtdk;ajrcGuf
rsm;u jyovsuf&Sdonf? rat;azghu aoG;ylum &ifckefaeavonf? jynfharmufvmcJhaom cHpm;r_udk
50
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

&ifckefvd_ufarmpGm ajymcJh+yD;+yD? ,ckxyfóuH&jyefavonf?

“usrtvkyfvkyfaewJh ppfAdkvfcsKyftdrfu rD;zdkacsmifukd owd&vdkufwm æ olwkd@uawmh
'Dvdkajrtdk;awG roHk;=uawmhbl;? olwdk@qDrSm ajrtkd;acwf ukefoGm;+yDrat;jrifha&Œ æ v#yfppfypPnf;
v#ypf pft;kd / acwfrt D oH;k taqmifawGe@J Zdrcf aH e=uwmawmfa&ξ &Siw f @dk usrwd@k u acwfaemufuswek ;f
æ 'DvlawGu oem;p&maumif;ygw,fav æ EGm;vSnf;vJ rpD;zl;bl; æ”
rdazg.
h aigo h aH xhoH oa&mfoaH =umihf tdru f av;onf &,fojH zihf odro hf rd hf wkeo
f mG ;avonf?
r*Fvm tcrf;tem;vnf;t+yD; npmcsufòywfonfh tzGJ@uvnf;t+yD;? vGef;armiftdrfa&SŒu bl;pif
usKd;usJatmufu *kefeDzsmay:wGif pkpnf;um umvom;csuf bl;oD;a&m =uufom;[if;eJ@ npm
pm;=uonf? iSufaysmzufawGcif;um iSufaysmzufay:wGif xrif;yHk[if;yHk+yD; +rdef+rdef&Suf&Suf pm;=u
onf? wu,fu aemufuG,fu yHhydk;ay;aeolrSm rat;azghjzpfonf? r*FvmqGrf; bkef;}uD; uyf&mu
tp owdk@om;owdk@orD; t0wftxnf0,fay;jcif;tv,f/ vGef;armifwkd@ umvom; umvorD;
wpkudk owkd@om;jrrif;ay;&onfh aiGoHk;axmiftqHk; rat;azgh yHhydk;ay;cJhjcif;omjzpfonf? npmpm;yGJ
t+yD;wGif q&mOD;yef;v_difukd vSnf;jzifh vdkufydk@vkduf=uonf? owdk@om;. ukd,f&Hawmf pdk;vif;OD;wdk@
armifjrifwh @kd u vduk yf @kd avonf? tjyma&mifaemufcH ydwu f m;ay:wGif csw d q
f x JG m;onfh vrD;tdro f nf
xdefIvif;I vufaeavonf?
“a[haumifjrrif; æ oef;wifvdkawmh rvkyfeJ@aemf”
pdwfxJwGif xdkyJhwifoHukdoJhohJ=um;&if; jrrif;wukd,fwnf; usdwf+yD;&,faeavonf?
&mZ0ifpmwifcJhonfh oef;wif/ ajymprSwfðycJh&onfh oef;wif? tdrfaxmifðy+yD; ckESpf&uft=umwGif
vifr,m;uGcJ =hJ u&onf? qif;&JveG ;f onfb h 0Y wJtrd u f av;wGif tdrcf ef;r&S?d 0g;=urf;cif;u rnDnm?
toHaygif;pHkxGufonf? 0g;=urf;cif;ay:wGif tdyfcJh&? vifr,m;b0ukd pwifcJh=u&onf? a,muQr/
c,frawGeJ@twl aecJh&onf? vli,fobm0 tdrfaxmifusp vifr,m;b0ukd yGifhyGifhvif;vif;
rcHpm;&onfhtqHk; rdef;rukd ausmcdkif;xm;cJhum a,muQrtdrfay:rS oef;wifqif;vmcJhonf?
t&yfxw J iG f ajymprSw&f cJo
h nfh oef;wifjzpfvmcJo
h nf? wu,fu a=uuGpJ &m oef;wifw@dk
tjzpftysufukd jrrif;u aumif;aumif; rSwfom;xm;avonf? jrrif;u ESpfbufrdbtdrfawGrSm
nbufwGif raevdkawmh? &Gmxdyfu ukdwdk;pdefwkd@wvif;uGuf&Sd aumuf±dk;yHkjyef@usJay:wGif aumuf±kd;
tdrfwvHk; zefwD;vdkufonf?
aemufvwGif tdro f pfuav;aqmufrnf? raqmufvyk rf D aumuf±;dk tdru f av;wGif tdy=f u
rnf? armifjrrif;ESihf rat;a=umhwdk@u v,fulvDawG? v,fr&Sd /,mr&Sd? xdk@a=umifh wvif;uGufvJr&Sd
aumuf±dk;r&Sd? ukdwdk;pdefwvif;uGufukd tm;ukd;&jcif;jzpfonf? pyg;pkdufcsdefu v,fxGefcJhonfh xGefwHk;
ESpfwHk;ukd armifjrrif;u xrf;,lvmcJhonf? xdkxGefwHk;ESpfwHk;ukd arSmufvdkuf+yD; xGefwHawGukd wck
ay:wck ,Sufwifxm;vdkufonf? toifh&Smxm;onfh 0g;vHk;rsm;ukd xGefwHrsm;wGif rSD+yD; axmifxm;
vkdufonf? a&$@avsmroGm;&ef ESD;jzifh wkyfcsnfxm;vdkufonf? trmcH0g;wef; xGefwH ay:odk@
aumuf±dk;wayG@+yD;wayG@ ypfwifvdkufonf? wc%wGif *laygufwaygufESihf aumuf±dk;tdrfuav;
jzpfoGm;onf?

51
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

pyg;&dwfodrf;csdef wvif;ajruGuftpyfwGif ESpfpOfxdkodk@ aumuf±dk;tdrfuav; aqmufum

wvif;apmifh&if; armifjrrif;tdyfaeus/ aeaeus? ,ckvnf; ESpfbufrdbbdk;zGm;rsm;. 0g;=urf;cif;
oHpHkwD;0kdif;oHrsm;uif;rJh&m tcspfESifh tdyfpuf&ef aumuf±dk;tdrfuav; xlaxmif+yD;pD;oGm;av+yD?
a[m'DrSmu =u,fawGvawGukd =unfhwJ@jywif;ayguf ? a[m'DrSm av0ifayguf? +yD;awmh a[m'DrSm
vl0ifayguf? aumuf±dk;tdrfukd vufpoyf+yD;onfESifh armarmESifh xdkifcsvdkufonf? rdwifa&$wkd@.
vufzGJ@ypPnf;jzpfonfh a&tdk;topfukd apmapmu a&xnfh+yD; xrf;,lvmcJhonf? a&at;at; wcGuf
cyf,lum aomufcsvdkuf&onf? aumuf±dk;r_efawG aumuf±dk;tpteawGu ol@acgif;ay:wGif
vnfukwfay:wGif ckduyfae=uonf?
wc%wGif rat;a=umha&mufvmonf? oifjzL;zsm/ acgif;tHk;ESihf apmiftopfwxnf/
ta[mif;wxnfukd o,f,lvmcJhonf? “aumuf±dk;tdrfu +yD;oGm;+yDvm;/ +yD;oGm;+yD æ”[kqdkum
aumuf±kd;tdrf *luav;xJodk@ cg;nGwfum 0ifvmcJhonf? arG@&m/ tdyf&mcif;/ ukwif/ jcifaxmif/
bmr#r&Sd? tdyf&mu txl;jyifqifcs,fop&mr&Sd? zsmukdcif;vdkuf+yD; acgif;tHk;ESpfvHk;ukd ,SOfwGJ+yD; csxm;
vdkufonf? aumuf±dk;eH@u oif;aeavonf?
“tJ'DrSmawG@vm;a=umh æ vukdacsmif;=unfhzdk@ jywif;ayguf”
ol.a=umhukd vSrf;E_wfquf&if; ajymajymqdkqdkESihf aumuf±dk;tdrfuav;xJodk@ iHk@0ifoGm;
awmhonf? &ifcek o f u H apmapmuxuf jrnfaºuG;um jrefqefvmavonf? apmif;v#uv f aJS vsmif;um
jywif;aygufrSaeI vukdarmh=unfhaeaom a=umhukdiHk@=unfh&if; a=umhyg;jyifukd zderf;vdkufavonf?
oif;v_difaom oeyfcg;&eH@u &ifudk ydkI v_dif;xvmaponf?
tcspf w d k @ aumuf ± d k ; td r f u av;. tjyif b uf w G i f aumuf ± d k ; r_ e f aumuf ± d k ; &eH @ ES i f h
aqmif;aESmif; ESif;aiG@wdk@ a&m,Sufum va&mifxJwGif w+idrfh+idrfharsmygaevsuf?

Ò Ò Ò

{+yD 18 / 2005
opPmtrSwf (5) arv/ 2005

52
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

a azaztwG u f . . .
jyD;awmh .......
1
azazhtwGuf trSww f & vGr;f ol@yef;cdik ?f xdpk Ofu azazu wufºuaG eygvrd rhf ,f?
eDapG;vef;pGifhaeonfh ESif;qDyGifhawG? ar$;&eH@wdk@ rsufvHk;awGu pl;&Jawmufvufaeygvdrfhr,f?
oif;=unfaeonfh ESif;qDyGifhawG? azazhtwGuf? ol@rsufESmay:rSm vef;qef;wufºuGwJh t&dyf
+yD;awmhtm;vHk;twGuf? wdk;a0S@wufol/ qif;ol ta&mifawG ,Suo f ef;aeygvrd rhf ,f? aoyef;yGihf
awGEiS hf rxdcu kd /f '%f&mr&atmif/ ESi;f qDyef;pnf;udk onfh ae@&ufukd qdkufa&mufvmonf qdkwmudk
&ifciG x f wJ iG f ayG@zufumuG,+f yD; bwfpu f m;ay:rS od & if a wmif azazu b,f v d k r S wk e f v _ y f r S m
qif;vmcJo h nf? r[kwb f ;l ? *±kpu kd rf mS r[kwb f ;l ? azazu tJ'v D kd
ig;aowœmbl;xJu ig;rsm;uJo h @kd bwfpf vl[lI oD&du wD;wkd;zGzG ajym=unfhrdonf?
um; 0rf;acgif;xJwGif vlawGu tawmifhvdkuf oD&t d oufu q,fo h ;kH ESpcf ?GJ vGecf o
hJ nfh
tcJvdkuf? vltawmifh}uD;xJu xdk;cGJwdk;a0S@ qif; ukd;ESpfu zcifjzpfol a'gufwmoufarmifOD;ESihf
vmcJ&h ojzifh yvufazmif;ay: a&mufvmonft h cg aemufqHk;cGJcGmcJh&onfh puUef@/ rdepf/ tcsdefumv
oD&Od ;D rSm arm[ku d o
f mG ;avonf? =um=umarmcGihf rsm;qDo@kd jyefvnfa&muf&adS eavonf? ta&;ay:
r&? wc%yJ arm[kdufvdkuf&onf? ta&;ay: Xmeodk@ av#mufvSrf;oGm;aeaomfvnf; udk;ESpf
vlemXmeudk oGm;&rSmygvm;qdkonfh todu qDu twdwfukd jyefoGm;aeonfESifh wlaeav
0ifvmaeojzifh ajcvSrf;awGu cyfoGufoGuf onf? rSwrf w S &f & tjzpfq;kH uawmh oD&rd suEf mS udk
av#mufvSrf;rdvsufom; jzpfoGm;onf? azazu txyfxyf erf;±_dufcJhonfukdyJ jzpfonf?
bufpfum;*dwfESihf ta&;ay:Xmeu yg;/ ezl;/ ESmacgif;/ yg;pyf/ ar;zsm;/ rsufpd æ
odyfawmhra0;uGmvS? xdkt&yfa'oukdyJ a&muf azazu rsuf E S m ay:u tpd w f t yk d i f ; awG u d k
csiv f o S nfph w d uf xufoefum aZmuyfaeonf? wckjcif; erf;±_u d u f m &,farmavonf? a[m'DrmS
azazu tJ ' D t &yf a 'ou pwif x G u f c G m +yD ; ODacgi;f [kqu kd m i,fxyd u f kd zdIzdI erf;avonf?
aemufq;kH c&D;ukd csw D ufcwhJ m r[kwv f m;? aq;±Hk ,ckxdwkdif pdwfrsufvHk;xJwGif pGJ+rJjrifa,mifae
}uD; ta&;ay:Xmeodk@ oGm;&jcif;rSm azazhaemuf onfh v_yf&Sm;r_ ±kyfyHkum;csyfawGuawmh azazh
qH;k c&D;. tpukad jc&mcH+yD; c&D;qH;k onfah 'oqDo@kd vnfwikd u f dk [D;av;cdx k m;onfh ±kyyf v kH m$ / “azaz
tazuJhodk@ csDwufvdkIjzpfonf? tazhpdwf"mwf roGm;eJ@/ roGm;&bl;/ orD;eJ@twl upm;&r,f?”
ESifh ±kyfyHkv$mudk pdwfxJrSm b,fvdkrsm; jyefawG@& [kqu kd m azazhvnfwidk u f dk rvGww f rf; zufw, G f
rvJ? jyefawG@&atmif c&D;tp aq;±H}k u;D ta&;ay: xm;onfh ±kyyf v kH m$ ayg?h vufacsmif;uav;awGudk
Xmeodk@ a&mufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? ywWmqufum ukww f ,G f qkyn f p‡ x f m;avonf?
53
armifpdk;csdef
xdkpOfu olwdk@om;tzESpfOD;. terf;E_wfqufyGJ
ukd ±_pm;aeonfh yGJ=unfhy&dowfESpfOD;rSm oD&d
tar rat;oD w m(,ck - a':at;oD w m)ES i f h
a'gufwmoufarmifOD;. oli,fcsif; a'gufwm
atmifjrifhwdk@ jzpfavonf? ig;ESpf0ef;usift&G,f
oD&du azazoufarmifO;D . vnfwidk u f dk rvGwf
wrf; zufw, G x
f m;onfukd &,farmoHjzihf “orD;
v$wfuGm v$wfvdkufawmh/ azaz aemufusae
vdrfhOD;r,f”[k acsmharmhajymqdkonf? orD;u
rv$ w f ? terf ; E_ w f q uf y G J jzpf v mcJ h o nf ?
a'gufwmatmifjrifhESifh rat;oDwmu om;tz
ESpfa,muf. eyef;yGJao;ao; av;ukd=unfhum
&,farm=uavonf? wu,fu cspfaom/ =uifem
,k,aom/ om;trd om;tz oH;k a,mufb0.
tvStyawGonf zsuq f ;D acsre_ ;f jcif;cH&awmhrnfh
aemufqHk;puUef@/ rdepfrsm;ukd qdkufa&mufae+yD
qdkonfukd b,folrS rod=u? orD;av;oD&u d toHukef [pfatmf ajymaeavonf? aemuf
óudwif odjrifxm;ESihf avovm;rod? orD;u
azhazhurdk v$waf wmh? vufacsmif; uav;awGu
oH c sd w f u av;rsm; aomh c wf x m;onf h e ,f
cdik =f unf+r+J rH aeavonf?
“tarvkyftHk;avuGm/ orD;ukd acsm
armhac:OD;avuGm/ awG@w,fr[kwfvm;/ rv$wf
awmhbl;? orDudk ±kef;vdk@ r&awmhbl;tar&JŒ æ
vkyfygOD; ”
tarjzpfolukd ppful awmif;aeav
onf? 'DawmhrS rat;oDwmu orD;av;ukd
odrf;ayG@um æ
“orD;v$wv f ukd uf ,G /f azazoGm;ygap/
tJ'Dvdkrvkyf&bl;? ”[kqdkum qGJac:onf? r&?
aemufq;k H wcsuaf iguu f m qGaJ qmifh ac:,lvu kd of nf?
orD;av;oD&d vufESpfbufrSm avxJ
wGif qef@wef;v#uf yHkrysufajrmufwufae&mrS
wajz;ajz;jcif; nGwfauG; usoGm;avonf? xGef@
xGef@vl;um idkavawmhonf? ol@taz tjyif
54
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
xGuo f nft
h cgwidk ;f xdo
k @kd wufrwwf csurf wwf
ido
k nfr[kw?f ,ck ridpk zl; tidx k ;l pGm idak vonf?
wkdufqdkifr_yif qdk&vdrfhrnf?
“azazorD;vdkufr,f/ orD;ukd rxm;
cJheJ@/ azazhaemufukd vdkufcJhr,f? azazorD;ukd
rcspfbl;”
tdrf=urf;jyifay:u vl;vJusKH;xum
tazh a emuf u k d tajy;vd k u f a vonf ? orD ;
aemufu taru xyfcsyfruGmajy;vdkuf? tdrf
twuftqif; avSum;xdyfwGif orD;av;ukd
taru vSrf;qGJrdavonf? orD;av;ukd ayG@zuf
acsmh,l&onf? oD&du &ifcGifxJu vl;vJxum
“azazh u k d E_ w f q uf z d k @ ”[k q d k o nf ? tid k u d k
±kwfw&uf &yfypfvdkufavonf?
“azaz orD; E_wfqufaew,fav/
orD;udkjyef+yD; E_wfquftHk;av” orD;av;oD&du
wa=umh? tazoufarmifO;D u r=um;avovm;?
=um;&ufESifh orD;xyfidkrSmpdk;I rodusdK;u|ef
jyKavovm;rod? um;vrf;ul;&ef um;vrf;udk
apmif;iJ=h unfah eojzifh rsuEf mS wjcrf;udk vSr;f awG@
ae&onf? orD;av;udk jyefvSnfh r=unfhawmh?
“azaza&/ orD; E_wq f ufaew,fav”
r=um;awmh? =um;onfhwdkif jyefvSnfh
r=unfhawmh? orD;av;rSm vd_ufI qdk@Iidkav
onf? ol@&iftHkuav;rSm uGJtufyGifhxGufoGm;
awmhrwwf qdk@aeavonf? rsuf&nfawGu
yg;jyifay: pD;usvmcJhum rsuf&nfawGu tjrif
tm±kHudk a00g;oGm;apavonf? rsuf&nfpuf
awGudk jzLEkazmif;tdaom vufcHkuav;jzifh
w±_H@±_H@okwfz,fvdkufonf? xdktcsdefu azazh
aemuf a =um/ azazh r suf E S m wjcrf ; w0uf u d k
um;vrf;tul;wGif vSrf;awG@jrifvdkuf&jcif;onf
aemufqkH; ±kyfyHkum;csyf jzpfaeavonf? araru
orD;udkayG@csD+yD; acsm@&onf? tay:E_wfcrf;u
 armifpdk;csdef
auG;usaeum atmufE_wfcrf;av;u rJhaeonfh
orD;av;rsufESmudk w±_duf±_dufiHk@erf;um axG;ayG@
acsm@odyfcJhavonf? xdkumvrSpwifum jyefr
vmEkid af wmhonfh t&yfqo D @kd orD;taz xGuo f mG ;
cJhavonf? emusnf;a=uuGJaeonfh taronf
orD;av;udk txyfxyfacsm@um ukpm; azsmif;zs
&avonf? b0wGif touf i,f&G,fEke,fonfh
ig;ESpf0ef;usift&G,ftxdom azaz. tcspf
arwWmwdk@udk &cJhonf? =uifem ,k,aom tazh
vufoG,f vufacsmif;rsm;udk &&SdcJhonf? aemuf
xyfr&Ekid fawmh? xdt k cg tarhvufukd tpm;xd;k cJ&h
avonf?
aq;±H}k uD; ta&;ay:vlemXme. avScg;
tkwfcHkodk@ a&mufvmonf? tkwfcHkukd cvkyfwdkuf
rdonf? avScg;tedrfhtjrifh xdawG@r_u ol@tawG;
ukd ±kwfw&uf &yfwef@ypfvdkufonf? 'DawmhrS
ta&;ay:Xme trd k ; rsuf E S m usuf a tmuf o d k @
a&mufvmrSef; od&awmhonf? p}uø vrf;ay:wGif
vlawGudk wdr;f a&Smif&if; t*Faw uGeu f &dwikd rf sm;/
eH&Hrsm;ukd xdawG@&onf?
“azazh a emuf q H k ; c&D ; uk d 'D a e&mu
pwifxGufcGmcJhwmaygh? azaza& orD; 'Dae&mukd
a&mufvmcJh+yDazaz”
pdwfxJwGif tazudk wdkifwnfvdkuf
onft h oHrmS &ifxw J iG f v_id ;f x±du
k cf wfomG ;onf?
aemufq;kH pum;vH;k rsm;u ±_u d o
f qH ifuh m wke&f if
oGm;avonf?
“orD;wkd@om;trdudk xm;&pfcJhwm
uk;d ESp&f o
dS mG ;+yaD zaz? 'gayrJh orD;wd@k &ifxJ tonf;
xJrSm azaz&Sdaew,f? azazhukd orD;wdk@ ae@pOf
ae@wdkif; vGrf;ae=uw,f? wrf;wae=uw,f?
tJ ' g azazod & J @ vm;[if ? &if x J r S m azaz
&Sdaeygw,fqdkayr,fh wu,f=uawmh orD;wdk@
rdom;pkb0xJrSm &SdawmhwmrSr[kwfwm azaz
&,f? azazr&SdwJhb0/ azazr&Sdawmhbl;qdkwJh
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
toda=umifh orD;wdk@ tonf;ESvHk;awG txyf
xyf xdcdkufa=uuGJ&ygw,f azaaz&,f? orD;jzifh
txyfxyf idck &hJ w,f odvm;azaz? tckvJ azazh
aemuffqHk;c&D;ukd pwifxGufcGmcJhwJh a[m'Dae&m
a&mufvmawmh qdk@ae+yD/ idkcsifae+yD/ xdef;csKyfwJh
=um;u idkcsifaewm”
rsuf&nfpufawGu yef;Eka&mif v$rf;
aeaom yg;jyifay:odk@ pD;usvmonf? ESif;qD
yef;pnf;ukd vSypGm uG,fum&pfywfxm;onhf
yvyfpwpftdwfay:odk@ rsuf&nfawGu ckefqif;
usvmonf ? [pf I id k c svd k u f c sif a omf v nf ;
tm;wif; rsKdodyfxm;&onf? tH}udwfrsKdodyfxm;
umrS &ifu yGifhxGufrwwf qdk@vmjyefonf?
rsu&f nfawGEiS fh a00g;aeonf=h um;uyif azazhudk
awG@vdkawG@jim; &Sm=unfhrdonf? azazu usqHk;
oGm;wmr[kwfbJ wae&m&m a&mufoGm;+yD;
,ckrSjyefay:vm&if b,favmufaumif;rvJ?
'grSr[kwf 'Dta&;ay:XmerSmyJ azazhukd bGm;ceJ
awG@vdkuf&&if b,favmuf aumif;vdkufav
rvJ? wae&muae azazapmifhaervm;?
tdyfrufopf&Gufrsm;rSm oD&d OD;aESmuf
xJ &ifxw J iG f wa0ha0h aºuGviG ahf eavonf? vdu k f
aumuf I r&Ed k i f o nf h pd w f u l ; vG e f td y f r uf
opf&GufaºuGawG? oD&d&iftHkuav;onf edrfh
vmvdkuf jrifhwufoGm;vdkuf/ ±_dufoHjzihf v_duf
wufaeonf? c%Y aoG;pGe;f aeonfv h el mawGudk
rsuv f ;kH xJwiG f jrifa,mifvmonf? '%f&m tem
w&qd k a omf v nf ; tl a wG xG u f u saeonf h
aoewf'%f&mawG/ ajcwGaJ vmif; vufwaJG vmif;
aoewf'%f&mawG/ aoG;vGef/ a&m*gydk; 0ifxm;
ojzifh toufaiG@aiG@ aoewf'%f&meJ@vlemawG
aq;ukocdkv_Hzdk@ a&mufvmcJhonfhae&m? tjypfrJh
jynfolawG/ +yD;awmh ol&Jaumif;awG?
ta&;ay:Xmeuk d oD & d 0if a &muf
vmonfEiS fh vlemESifh {nfo h nfrsm;ukad wG@&onf?
55
 armifpdk;csdef
,cktcg aoG;yifv,f r[kwfawmh? oD&d.zcif
a'guw f moufarmifO;D . xdpk Ofua&;om;cJo h nfh
ukd,fawG@ ae@pOfrSwfwrf;xJu aoG;yifv,feD
r[kwfawmh? OD;av;OD;atmifjrifh ajymjycJhovdk
aoG;awG/ rsuf&nfawG/ idkoH/ [pfaºuG;oHawGESihf
jynfheufaeonfukdvnf; rawG@&awmh? a[m'D
ae&m[m ta&;awmfyHk umvwkef;uawmh
rsu&f nf awG/ aoG;awG/ atmf[pf ac:nnf;
oHawG=um;rSm 'Dvel mawGudk azazu aq;uko
ay;cJh&wm? toufu,fcJh&wm? vGefcJhonfh
wywf u av;av;OD ; atmif j rif h a&;cJ h o nf h
pmom;awG pmvHk;awGukd jyefvnf=um;a,mif
jrifa,mif vmaeonf?
“tJ'Dwkef;u orD;av; azaz&,f/
OD;av;tygt0if apwemh0efxrf; vma&muf
aq;ukoay;wJh q&mawG&,f/ wm0efus q&m
awG&,ftm;vHk;[m/ acsr_ef; owfjzwfjcif; cHcJh
&wJh vlemawGxJrSm ysm;yef;cwfovdk tvkyf
rsm;cJh=uwm/ OD;av;wdk@ vufawGay:rSm yef;yGifh
yGifhcsyfawGvdkaºuGcJh&wJh vli,fawGukd u,fwif
&if; wufacgufem=unf;wJh ,lusKH;r& jzpfaewJh
ol[m orD;azazyJ æ tJ'w D ek ;f u aq;±Hw k ckv;kH
aq;±Hktkyfudka&m pDrHcef@cGJr_ wckvHk;ukd csKyfukdif
xm;wmu ppfXmecsKyfeJ@ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;yJ?
tJ'D ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;eJ@ ppfrdef@atmufrSm
vHkavmufwJhaq;0g;eJ@ toufu,faq;ypPnf;
awG r&cJh=ubl;? ppfrdef@aoewfeJ@ wif;wif;
=uyf=uyf wm;jrpfxm;cJw h t hJ wGuf raooifb h eJ @J
aocJ=h u&w,f? aoaumifaygi;f vJ cHpm; ae=u&
wJh vlemawGbufu/ oydww f yfom;awG bufu
rm;rm;rwfrwf&yf+yD; toufu,f aq;0g;awG
vHkvHkavmufavmuf toHk;ðyzdk@ awmif;qdkcJhwm
vnf; orD;azazyJ? tJ'w D ek ;f u wdik ;f jynfwckv;kH
vlxkwdkufyGJawG jynfhv#HaewJhtcsdef/ axmifawG
xJrmS vnf; wku d yf aJG wGe@J jynh=f uyfaewJt h csed rf mS
56
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
aq;±H k e J @ aoG ; yif v ,f a wG x J r S m vnf ; zd E S d y f
owfjzwfaewJh ppftyk pf ek @J toufu,fwifaewJh
jynf o l @ q&m0ef a wG & J @ wd k u f y G J a wG u vnf ;
}uD;rm;vSygw,forD;&,f? aq;±Hw k u kd yf aJG wG xJrmS
jynf o l a wG oyd w f w yf o m;awG & J Πtouf
awGukdu,fwif&if;eJ@ aemufqHk;awmh orD;azaz
udk,fwdkif toufay;qyf=uwJh tmZmenfawG&J@
vrf;twdkif; vdkufoGm;cJhav&JŒ? orD;azazu
wu,fh ol&Jaumif;/ wu,fh olawmfaumif;/
wkdufyGJrSm usqHk;oGm;vdk@ ol&Jaumif;tjzpfeJ@
aoyef;vSayr,fh igwkd@wkdif;jynftwGufawmh
}uD;rm;wJh qHk;±_H;r_ygyJ orD;&,f? orD;wdk@ om;trd
twGufuawmh ykdvkd@awmif wefzdk;ykdif;jzwfvdk@r&
avmufatmif wefzdk;awGay;cJh&wJh qHk;±H_;r_awG
ygav? toufig;ESpfausmfyJ &Sdao;wJh orD;av;
oD&d vufv$wf qHk;±_H;cJh&wJhtazaygh? qHk;±H_;cJh&wJh
tazeJ@ qHk;±_H;cJh&wJh cifyGef;twGuf b,ft&meJ@rS
ay;qyfvdk@r&wJh qHk;±_H;r_awGygav”
EkdifiHjcm;a&mufaewJh OD;av;av;u
vGefcJhonfhwywfu zkef;xJrSma&m pmawGxJrSmyg
tckvdk a&;cJh ajymcJhwm?
vGefcJhonfhukd;ESpf? bmrSr=umvdkuf?
ukd;ESpf&SdcJh+yDjzpfI wcsKd@arhoGm;Ekdif=uzG,f&m &Sd
onf? wcsKdŒu cg;vGef;/ '%f&m jyif;xefvGef;vdk@
aoonftxd arhEikd =f urSmr[kw?f xkw d csK@d twGuf
uawmh twdwfcg;a0'emrsm;u tonf;ESvHk;ESifh
OD;aESmufukd xm0& ykwfEdk;aerSmjzpfonf? ,ck
OD;av;atmifjrifhESihf oD&dwdk@om;trdwdk@ &ifxJwGif
wdrfaum aysmufysufroGm;onfh twdwf'%f&m
rsm;u pD;qif;aecJah vonf? q,fausmo f uft&G,f
oD&d&ifonf xkdtwdwfcg;a'go/ qHk;±_H;cJhonfh zcif
twGuf a=uuGJr_wdk@jzifh yGufyGufv_duf qlaeawmh
onf? “ay;qyfvdk@r&wJh qHk;±_H;r_awGyg” qdo k nfh
OD;av;av;ajymcJo h nfh pum;u oD&&d ifudk yifv,f
v_dif;rsm;ES,f txyfxyf ±dkufcwfvmavonf?
armifpdk;csdef
“usrtazukjd yefay;=uyg/ usrtwGuf
tvdktyfqHk;[mtazyJ/ usrtazudk xm0&
ac:,lroGm;=uygeJ@/ tazhudk jyefay;=uyg ”
atmufE_wfcrf;ukd wif;aphukdufxm;
tm;wif;xm;&mu aygufuGJvGifhxGufvmonfh
pum;vH k ; awG j zpf o nf ? xd e f ; csKyf x m;aom
a&wmwrH usKd ; ayguf o G m ;av+yD ? xd e f ; Ir&
awmh? orD;av;oD&cd rsm ±_u d If idak vawmhonf?
azazhudk jyefay;=uyg? tazhudkjyefay;=uyg? usr
tazukd xm0& ac:,lroGm;=uygeJ@? qdk@I v_duf
um idkaeavawmhonf? ta&;ay: vlemXme
wae&mukd pdkuf=unfhaerd&m rsuf&nf0dk;0g; tjrif
tm±HkxJwGif tazhukdjrif&avonf? aoG;tkdifxJ
rSm twH;k t±H;k vJusaeonfh vlawG=um;u taz
jyefxvmonfukd jrifae&onf? nmbuf vuf
wbufudkajr‡mufum orD;av;&,f ridkeJ@awmh
uG,f[k wwGwfwGwfajymqdkum orD;av; rsuf
ESma&SŒukd wa&GŒa&GŒ av#mufvmaeaom taz
jzpfaeonf? tazhrsufESmu aemufqHk; rcGJcGmrD
puUef@twdkif; rajymif;vJao; rd_if;ndKŒw0uf
rsufESmay:wGif tm;wif; òyH;xm;onfhtòyH;u
,Jh,Jhav;om?
“orD ; av;&,f wd w f y gawmh u G , f
ridek @J awmhaemf/ orD;armvSyg+yD æ orD;rjrifEidk w f @J
ae&m [dkaxmifhcsKd;tauG@uae orD;ukdvSrf;
=unfah ewm=um+y/D OD;OD;vnf; pdwx f cd u
kd &f w,f? ”
tazuJ h o d k @ q&m0ef w OD ; ? xd k o l u
ikd±_dufaeaom orD;av;oD&d. OD;acgif;ukd qGJayG@
,lum &ifciG x f aJ yG@xm;vdu k of nf? oD&u d trnf
rod xdkOD;av;.&if0wGif xdtyfxm;vkdufonf?
tazr[kwfrSef; odvdkufaomfvnf; tazhae&m
wGif zatwa,mufuJhodk@ orD;oD&dukd acsmharmh
ESpfodrfhaejcif;ukd tvkdtav#muf vufcH=unfjzL
+yD;om;jzpfonf?
“usrtazukdjyef&csifygw,f OD;av;
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
&,f/ azazhudk rjrif& rawG@&wm ukd;ESpf&SdcJh+yD/
orD;twGuf tvkdtyfqHk;[m tazygyJ&Sif/ tazh
ukdjyefay;=uyg”
“OD ; }uD ; u a[m'D o rD ; av;vk d y J /
q,fhoHk;ESpforD; OD;}uD;&ifaoG;ukd tHkºuGr_xJrSmyJ
qHk;±_H;cJh&wm? aoewf'%f&meJ@ aoqHk;cJh&wmyg
orD;&,f/ tckqdkukd;ESpf&SdcJh+yD/ w&ufrS ajzrqnf
EkdifcJhbl;? OD;}uD;&JŒorD;ukd jyefvkdcsifygw,fuG,f/
ighorD;ukd igjyef&csifygw,f/ ppfwyfu tm%m
odrf;wJhaemufwae@rSmyJ qENjyyGJxJrSm yg0ifcJhwJh
orD;av;jroDwmukd ppfwyfu owfjzwfypf
vdkuf=uw,fav? a[m'Dta&;ay:Xme a[m'D
=urf;jyifay:rSmyJ toufaysmufcJh&wmyg orD;
&,f/ orD;av; idk±_dufwrf;waewmukd vSr;f awG@
ae&awmh ykd+yD; &ifxJqdk@awmhwmayghuG,f”
“orD;oGm;yg&apawmh/ azaz aemufq;kH
aoG;tdkifxJrSm vJavsmif;aecJhwJh ae&mudk oGm;r
vdk@? a[m'D ta&;ay:XmeuvJ azazaemufqHk;
ukoay;wJhae&m? azazu OD;}uD;vdkygyJ q&m0ef/
'Dae&muae azazu aemufqHk; xGufcGmvmcJh
wm/ oydwfarSmufwJh txJrSmygcJhwm/ 'ga=umifh
azazhqu D v kd mcJ&h wm”oD&u d csmceJ vSnrhf xGurf D
rSm OD;}uD;udk armh=unfhrdonf? OD;}uD;. rsufvHk;
tdrx f w J iG f rsu&f nfawG tdik x f eG ;f aeonf? pum;
rajymEkdifawmhyJ oD&duJhodk@ qdk@eifhaeavonf?
tay:E_wfcrf;v$monf waqG@aqG@ wkef&ifae
onf? “OD;}uDa& idkaytHk;awmh/ orD;wdk@wawG
id k u d e f ; qd k u f a e=u&wm r[k w f b l ; vm;”[l I
pdwfESihfajymum xGufvmcJhavonf?
oD&du ol@xHyg;wGif vlawG 0kdif;tHk
vmrSmukd rvdv k m;/ Ekid if aH &;pdw"f mwfEiS fh ,H=k unf
csufu r&ifhusuf/ r&ifhrmao;? wu,fu ol@xH
0kdif;&Hvmaeaom vlxkukd bma=umifh'Dae&mukd
ola&mufvmcJjh cif;jzpfw,f qdo k nfudk &Si;f jyvduk f
±HkESifhyif 'Drdkua&pD w&m;yGJ jzpfoGm;Ekdifonf?
57
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

oD&d. touft&G,fu Eke,fvSay&m xdkr# aemufwGif azaz csef&pfxm;cJhonfh ypPnf;ypP,

r&ifu
h suf r&ifrh mao;? xd@k a=umifh uk,
d cf si;f pmem awGxJwGif azazhyHkwljzpfonfh 'DrSwfwrf;pmtkyf
=u a=uuG0J rf;enf;ae=uonfh vlawGudk ausmckid ;f ukd jrwfEdk; odrf;qnf;xm;cJh=uonf?
um xGufvmcJhonf? oD&daemufausmbufwGif azazwkd@ csDwufcJhonfhvrf;ray:wGif
acgif ; wnd w f ndwfrsufvHk;pl;&Swdk@jzifh olwdk@ wa,mufxJ csDwufaepOf azazhukd owd&jcif;
use&f pfc=hJ uavonf? ESifhtwl azaza&;cJhonfh pmrsufESmawGay:u
tcsKd@tpdwfydkif;rsm;ukd pl;pl;eihfeihf owd&aecJh
ÐÐÐ avonf? tonf;ESvHk;xJrSm jrm;awG pl;0if ae
2 ovdkrsKd; xdktpdwftydkif;rsm;rSm OD;aESmuf trSwf
pufxw J iG f rdwLW ul;,lxm;cJ+h y;D jzpfaeI pGaJ eonf?
aq;±Hk}uD;0if;wHcg;ukd vGefonfESihf azazhudk vGr;f wowd&wdik ;f azazhrw S f
azazwdk@ csDwufcJhonfhvrf;ray:odk@ a&mufvm wrf;ukzd wfco hJ jzifh wcsK@d ukd tvGw&f aeonf? oD&d
cJhonf? rd_if;ndK@rdk;wdrf&dyfawGu ajrjyifqDodk@ u vrf;ay:csw D ufqJ ,ckwc%wGif azazh rSww f rf;
wajz;ajz; edrfhqif;usvmum taemufawmif pmtkyxf u J pmrsuEf mS wcsKŒd xJ jyefa&mufaeavonf?
rdk;oufavxJwGif arsmygae=uonf? 1988 =o*kwfv 12 &ufae@ rSwfwrf;
wdrfuGufrsm;=um;rS ,dkqif;usvm xJwGif aoG;pufwdk@ idkaºuG;±_dufoHwkd@ukd a&;cs,f
onfh tvif;wef;rsm;rSm wdkufwm acgifrdk;rsm; xm;onfh yef;csDum;csyfukd awG@&avonf?
ay:wGif v_dif;xaeavonf?
wEG@J E@JG r;kd oufavukq d efum oD&v d nf; ÐÐÐ
csDwufcJhavonf? azazhtwGuf yef;pnf;ukd
&ifciG x
f w J iG f ayG@,v l monf? pyef@om; yef;EkaoG; “pm&GufjzLjzLwcsyfay:rSm teDa&mif
vHkcsnfonf rdk;oufavxJwGif wzsyfzsyf vGifhae rSiftdk;xJepfxm;wJh yef;csDpkwfwHukd cyfqwfqwf
awmh.? ±dkufcs=unfhyg? tJ'g aq;±Hk&JŒ ta&;ay: vlemXme
'D t csd e f q d k arartvk y f + yD ; oG m ;+yD ? xJukd aoG;tvdrf;vdrf; '%f&mawGeJ@ a&mufvm
tvk y f x J a&muf a eavmuf + yD y J ? ol i ,f c sif ; aewJh vlemawG&JΠyHk&dyfyJ? odyfr=umjrifhrD umv
jrjrar$;xHwGif ausmif;vG,ftdyfukd acwWtyfESH+yD; rSmyJ tJ'Dyef;csDpkwfwHukd teDa&mif rSiftdk;xJrSm
xGufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? bmrS owdr&awmh/ xyfESpf+yD; 'kwd,t}udrf qwfceJ vufESpfbufeJ@
aoG;vnfywfjcif; ESvHk;ckefoHESifhtwl owd& ±dkufcs=unfhyg? tJ'g 'kwd,t}udrf a&mufvmwJh
wrf;waecJhonfrSm azazyJjzpfonf? azazESifh vlemeJ@ yxrtokwu f a&mufvmwJh vlemawG&ŒJ
twl azazh rSww f rf;pmtkyu f dk owd&onf? ta&; jrifuiG ;f yJ? tJ'v D ekd @J wwd,t}urd f pwkwt ˆ }urd f
awmfy&kH ŒJ ordik ;f rSww f rf;? azazu rSww f rf;a&;wJh teDa&mifrSifawGukd wqwfqwf cgcs=unfhprf;yg?
ol? ol@cHpm;r_awGukd rSwfwrf;xJrSm zGifhtefxm; “ta&;awmfyx kH uJ ta&;ay:vlem Xme”
wwfonf? rSww f rf;pmtkyx f wJ iG f rSwwf rf;a&;ol vd@k yef;csu
D m;ukd acgi;f pOfwyf=unfyh g? tJ'D yef;csu D m;
azazhudk awG@&&dS avonf? jyefrvmEkid af wmhonfh csy&f ŒJ rsuEf mS jyifay:rSmyJ aemufxyf eufapG;aewJh
t&yfqo D @kd azazhukd twif;t"rR wGe;f yd@k vu kd of nfh trJa&mifriS u f dk pkyef @J w@kd +y;D cgcs=unfzh @kd ygy?J teDa&mif
58
armifpdk;csdef
aoG;pufawG&ŒJ ay:rSm pGe;f ayoGm;wJh trJpufawG[m
toufawG aºuv G iG o
hf mG ;wJh ta&;awmf yHkwyfom;
ol&Jaumif;awG&JŒ oauFwawGygyJ? ppftyk pf &k ŒJ
aoewfvufcsufeJ@ aoqHk;oGm;=uwJh tdrfxJu
jynfoal wGvrf;ray:ujynfoal wG&ŒJ oauFwawGygy”J ?
1988 =o*kwfv 13 &ufukd rSwfwrf;
wifaom azazonf “orD;av; }uD;jyif;vm&if
zwfz@kd ”[kqu
kd m uAsmwyk'f ukyd g a&;cJah vonf?
ÐÐÐ
aq;±Hku jyeftvmrSm rGef;usyfr_awG
a'goeJ@ a=uuGJr_awG[m tdrftxdygvmcJhw,f?
'gwGifru aoG;tvdrf;vdrf; aoG;a&mifvGrf;aewJh
vli,fawG&JŒ ±kyfyHkawGyg ygvmcJhw,f? orD;&,f/
azazb,fawmhrS arhazsmufvdk@ r&EkdifawmhwJh
±kyfyHkawGuawmh 13 - 4 ESpfausmif;om;awG&JŒ
±kyfyHkawGygyJ orD;&,f? aoewf'%f&meJ@ AdkufxJ
u tlawGtjyifukdxGufus/ tcsdefvGefrS a&muf
vmvdk@ a&m*gydk;awG0ifae+yD/ wcsKd@uarharsm/
wcsKd@utoufiif/ wcsKd@uav;awGu rsufvHk;
a=umifawmif/ wcsK@d vil ,fawGrmS toufygrvm
awmh? tHh=ozdk@aumif;wmu oydwfpcef;awG/
qENjycsw D ufyaJG wG[m tJ'D aoG;pnf;a=umif;awG/
aoG;tkdifawGay:rSm (csKd;ESdrfESdyfuGyfvdk@r&yJ) 'Dv_dif;
vdyaf awGvkd w&dy&f yd f ay:xGuv f mcJjh cif;ygy?J orD;
oD&d/ ZeD;onfat;wkd@ukd awG@jrifapcsifw,f?
orD;ui,fvGef;awmh tJ'Dppfajrjyifukd ra&muf
Ekdifawmhbl;/ 'ga=umifh rSwfwrf; a&;&wmvnf;
ygw,f? orD;wkd@om;trdzwfzdk@ 'DrSwfwrf;u
azazwdk@acwf&JΠppfajrjyifukd ajymjyvdrfhr,f?
ta&;ay: vlemXme&J@ aoG;tvl;vl;/ ,rf;eH@
tvl;vl;jrifuGif;ukd tm;wif;+yD;a&;&wmxuf
azazukd,fwdkif yg0ifwJh csDwufyGJta=umif;yJ
a&;csifawmhw,f? ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk zsuf
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
odrf;zdk@/ 'Drdkua&pDawmif;qdkwJh csDwufyGJ? tJ'D
csDwufyGJxJrSm azazukd,fwdkif yg0if&vdrfhr,f?
aq;uk o r_ y nmeJ @ vl e mawG u k d uk o &ovd k
ykyfaqG;&dusaewJh pepfa[mif; a&m*gqdk;}uD;ukd
vl x k w d k u f y G J aq;ynmeJ @ uk o &vd r f h r ,f ?
vufwiftar&du q&m0efcsD(csDa*GAm;&m;)eJ@
w±kwfjynf awmfvSefa&;rSmyg0ifcJhwJh q&m0ef
aemf r if A uf o G e f ; wd k @ [m azazwd k @ acwf x uf
wacwfapmcJw h hJ jynfo@l vw G af jrmufa&; q&m0ef
awGaygh? aemuf&ufawGrSm olwdk@&JΠtJ'DwkdufyGJ
vrf;a=umif;xJrSm azazyg0if&vdrfhr,f? 'Dae@
tdrfjyefa&mufwJhtxd pdwftm±HkxJrSm uyfnd
ygvmwJh aoG;jrifuGif;awGukd uAsmzGJ@rdw,f?
orD;av; }uD;jyif;vm&ifzwfz@kd 'DuAsmukd óud;pm;
+yD; a&;oDvdkufrdw,f?
pd e f y ef ; yG i f h a ºuG
pd e f y ef ; yif u d k i f ; cuf
vuf , S u f o G , f w ef ; / pd e f y ef ; òrd i f a =um
teD a &mif a wm?
&J w if ; ta&mif
rd k ; acgif x d v G i f h / pd e f y ef ; yG i f h w d k @
eD & if h & J & J / aoG ; cJ y G i f h c syf
owW d ò yd ; jyuf / rd k ; xuf q ef @ wef ;
vG w f v yf v rf ; od k @ / ar#mf r S e f ; csD p Of
eD v G i f y G i f h c syf / aoewf u snf o ih f
wvG i f h v G i h f a ºuG u s/ ajrc avsmif ; puf
aoG ; uG u f a oG ; td k i f / yef ; qd k i f y ef ; tk y f
ajrod k @ qk y f u sJ / awmtk y f e D v G i f
ajrjyif e D v $ æ ?
ta[mif ; tk w f c H k
aqmuf t H k ò zd c s / ay;&vl ‹ touf
59
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pd e f y ef ; cuf r sm;/ wl j im;ayvnf ;
vl @ touf æ / pd e f y ef ; cuf r [k w f
vl @ cE< m rS / xG u f u saoG ; puf
yef ; &G u f y G i f h v $ m / tJ ' gvnf ; r[k w f æ ?
orD ; twG u f azaza&;pyf c J h o nf h
uAsmxJu wcsdK@pma=umif;awGudk tvGwf&um
rSwfrdaecJhonf? “eDvGifyGifhcsyf/ aoewfusnfoifh/
wvGifhvGifhaºuGus/ ajrcav#mif;puf/ aoG;uGuf
aoG;tdkifæ” udktvGwf&onfhtjyif pdwfrsufpd
tm±HkxJwGif txif;om; jrifuGif;awGudk awG@ae
&avonf? azazhrSwfwrf;t& azazu &efukef
aq;&Hk}uD; ta&;ay:vlemXmerSmomru ta&;
}uD;v#if}uD;ovdk ajrmufOuUvmyaq;±Hk ta&;
ay:vlemXmerSmvnf; oGm;+yD; aq;uko ay;wwf
onf? azazhrSwfwrf;xJrSm azazhudk xyfawG@&
avonf?
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88 =o*k w f 19
b,fae@b,faq;±Hu k kd oGm;&r,fqw kd m
yHak oum;csyrf &S?d vlemawGoyd rf sm;ae+yD/ vH#ae+yD/
taotaysmufuvnf; awmifyHk&myHk jzpfae+yD
qdkv#if tJ'Daoaumifaygif;vJ ta&;ay:Xmeudk
tajy;oGm;vdkufwmygyJ? tpdk;&0efxrf; r[kwf
awmh vGwfvyfw,f? rdrdudk,fydkifaq;cef;udk
ydwfxm;vdkufw,f? oydwfwyfom;awG jynfol
vlxkawGudk aq;ukozdk@trdef@ awmif;cHaep&m
rvdk? ajrmufOuUvmyaq;±Hkudk cgwdkif;vkdyJ zkef;
quf=unfhw,f? udkatmifjrifheJ@ wef;+yD;awG@
w,f “tjrefqHk; vmcJhAsm æ aoewf'%f&meJ@
vlawGuodyrf sm;aew,f? cifAsm; b,fvv dk mr,f
vdk@ pdwful;xm;ovJ? a¹rGawGu vrf;ay:rSm ydwf
60
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
xm;w,f” qd+k yD; zke;f csvu kd w
f ,f? tiSm;um;u
ajrmufOuUvmudk oGm;r,fqdkwmeJ@ acgif;cgawmh
wmyJ? aemufqHk; um;'±kdifbmudk &Sif;jyw,f?
awmif;yef&awmhw,f? vlemawGukd u,fwifygAsm?
oydwfwyfom;awG jynfolawGudk u,fwifyg
qd+k y;D &Si;f jyw,f? um;q&mvJ rdru d kd oabmayguf
oGm;w,f? ajrmufOuUvm aq;±Hk}uD;udka&mufzdk@
tqD;twm; ppfbv D ;l awG/ wyfawGukd txyfxyf
auG@ywf/ auG@a&Smif&w,f? um;armif;q&meJ@
ypPuQtajctaeawGudk aqG;aEG;&w,f? olvJ
pdwf"mwf wuºfuGvmwmudk awG@&w,f/ b,f
avmufcufco J vJ? 'gayr,fh tJ'pD w d "f mwfawGe@J
aq;±Hk a&mufvmcJh=uw,f? ,ae@ txl;jcm;qHk;
ES p f c suf ? (1)&[ef ; oH C mawG t ygt0if
ausmif;om;awG oydwfwyfom;awG usqHk;r_
trsm;qHk;ygyJ? rdrd vufxJrSmyJ a&m*gydk;awG0if
aq;0g;ravmufivdk@ usqHk;oGm;wJh &Jabmf ta&
twGurf mS (15)a,muf&w dS ,f? rd;k pifpif vif;oGm;
wmudkawmif owdrxm;rdawmh? tavmif;awG
u yHkaew,f? aoG;ysufp&m vdyfjymvGifhp&m?
wkefv_yfajcmufjcm;p&m aumif;wJh jrifuGif;ygyJ/
“orD ; a&” “tpf u d k a &” “nD r av;a&”
“om;a&”qdw k hJ id±k u_ of aH wG[m ta&;ay:Xme&JŒ
trJa&mif oauFwawGaygh?
“q&m&,f/ om;av;udku,fygtHk;?
om;ud k u,f v d k @ r&awmh b l ; vm; q&m&,f ?
usr&Sdcdk;ygw,f? ”[kajym&if;ESifhyif aoG;tdkifxJ
wGif usq;kH aeaom om;tavmif;ay:wGif arSmuf
vsuf arhajrmoGm;cJhonfh rdcifudk toufvk&
jyefw,f?“'Drdkua&pD awmif;qdkwmudk ypfowf
&ovm;uG”[lI [pfatmfoH txyfxyfonf
yJhwifoH txyfxyfjzpfoGm;onf?
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armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

3 cJh+yD;ajymaewm? vGefcJhonfh (9)ESpftwdwfudk

om;tzESpfa,muf ajcv#ifav#muf+yD; jyefoGm;
aq;±HkrSm&Sdonfh toufu,faq;0g;/ ae=ujcif; jzpfavonf? ajrmufOuUvmy aoG;cif;
oufapmifhaq;0g;awGudk/ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u ajrudk a&mufvmcJ=h uawmhonf? ajrmuf OuUvmy
ajymifajymifwif;wif; xde;f csKyfvu kd o f nf? rwwf aq;±Hq k o kd nfrmS aoG;yifv,f±u _d of H rkew
f ikd ;f awG
omawmh vl x k u d k tul t nD a wmif ; &w,f ? ude;f atmif;&ma'o? tmZmenf ausmif;om;xk
udk,fydkifaq;cef;&SdwJh q&m0efawGudk tultnD awG.aoG;rSwfwrf;/ aoG;armfuGef;wdkuf/ ausmif;
vSr;f awmif;=uw,f? udak tmifjrifeh @J twl oydwf om;vli,fawG/ vlxkeJ@ &[ef;oHCmawG wdkufyGJ
wyfom;awGxrJ mS a=unm&w,f? ywfw;D / t&uf 0if&if; aemufq;kH xGuo f uf pGe@f xw k af vsmif;puf&m?
ysuH tp/ *Grf;xkyf/ aq;0g;tqHk;/ vSL'gef;=uzdk@/ xdak 'oudak &mufawmh touf±LS rrSm;&
tjrefq;kH &SmazGy@kd=uzd@k / vlemawG oydwf wyfom;awG avatmif toufukd wcgwcg atmifx h m;&onf
wzGzJ u JG sq;kH aewmudk u,fwifz@kd vdu k vf H E_;d aqmf txd qdk@eifhcHpm;&avonf? azazu rSwfwrf;
&w,f? aq;±HkywfywfvnfeH&HrSm aq;0g;rsm; pmtkyfxJrS xGufay:vmcJh+yD; jymeH@aoG;eH@ rD;cdk;eH@
vSL'gef;zdk@ E_d;aqmfpmawGudk vdkufuyf&w,f? wd@k vrG ;f aom aoG;òrŒd awmfjrifuiG ;f udk vufnK‡d ;xd;k
udak tmifjrifeh @J twlta&;ay: a=unm um jyaeavawmhonf?
pm&GufawG vdkufuyfaewkef; jzJqkwfcGmae oludk
±kwfw&ufawG@vdkuf&w,f? =o*k w f v 10&uf a e@
ppfaxmuf vSrf;a&;qdkwmudk odvdkuf
jcif;ESit hf wl ESpaf ,mufom; atmf[pf=u/ ajy;+yD; zufqpfwyfpkawG wyfpdyfawGudk vlxk
&ifqikd af wmhwmyJ? teD;tem;u oydww f yfom; awGu 0dkif;xm;=u+yD orD;av;oD&da&? wcsdK@
awG ausmif;om;awGyg nmoHay;+yD;0dkif;vm=u/ ae&mrSm ppfwyfuvlxkudk0dkif;xm;/ vlxku
axmuf v S r f ; a&;ud k zrf ; zd k @ }ud K ;pm;=uw,f ? tiftm;}uD;rm;vm+yD; aemufqHk; ppfwyfudk
axmufvrS ;f a&; ESpaf ,muf[m aq;±Hx k J 0ifajy;+y;D 0dkif;ydwfxm;vdkufw,f? aoewform;awGudk
tarSmif&dyfrSm aysmufuG,foGm;=uav&JŒ? a'go vufeufrahJ wGu 0dik ;f ywf ydwaf vSmif xm;vdu k w f m
ESifhcHjyif;r_wdk@u aoG;udk yGufyGufqlapcJhonf? jzpfw,forD;? =unf/h vlawG[m wefc;kd &Siaf wGygy?J
usqHk;oGm;wJh ol&Jaumif;vlxkawG ausmif;om; vlxkawG[m vlpifppfuae oHr%d eH&Htwm;
awG & J ΠaoG ; awG pd w f " mwf 0 d n mOf a wG u rd r d tqD;awG jzpfomG ;w,f? usnu f mawGjzpfomG ;=u?
udk,fcE<mxJ rSm vnfywf pD;qif;aecJh+yD? vkyfyJvkyfwwfw,f? tJ'DvlxkawGudk=unfh+yD;
=uufoD;xrdwm bmqef;vdk@vJ? &efolawG[m
ÐÐÐ vlxkawG um&H 0dkif;ywfxm;wmudk cHae&wJh
tcdkuf b,fvkd cHpm;=u&rvJ?
azazhrSwfwrf;xJ a&mufoGm;aepOf vlxu k tm%m&Sipf pftyk pf &k ŒJ &Jpcef;awG
cdkufrSmyJ azazudk,fwdkif ajymjyaewmudk =um; uif;yke;f awG/ tpd;k &±H;k awGrmS csxm;wJh tapmifah wG
ae&onf ? wcgw&H w G i f ud k , f a &;rS w f w rf ; udk 0ifa&mufpD;eif;vdkuf+yD? wcsdK@ae&mawGrSm
pmtkyf. pmrsufESmay:uae azazu xGufvm vlxku 0ifpD;±Hkwifru armif;xkwfxm;vdkuf+yD?
61
armifpdk;csdef
t}uD;qHk;&Jpcef;eJ@ òrdŒe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;±Hk;[m rD;pGJ
avmifaeqJ? rD;cd;k awG wtltv l iG ahf eqJ jymyHak wG
jzpfoGm;=u+yD? 'Dumv[m tm%m&SifawG&J@
aumifp±D ;kH udk ol@xufigtòydif rD;avmifwu kd of iG ;f
jymcsaewJ h u mv? omauw aumif p D ± H k ; ud k
omauwvlxku jymcsypfvdkuf+yD? 'Dowif;u
aoG;udv k u
_d qf al pcJo
h nf? tm%m&Siaf wG&ŒJ atmuf
ajcpcef;awGudk avmifwdkuf oGif;aewJh vlxk?
=unfph rf;ygt;kH orD;av;oD&&d ,f? pl;pl;
pdkufpdkufeJ@ =unfhvdkufprf;ygat;&,f? aq;±Hk[m
tckawmh wu,fhudkyJ jynfol@aq;±kH}uD; jzpfoGm;
+yDav? aq;&Hkudk trdef@ay;zdk@ óud;pm; tm;xkwf
aewJh ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;awGukd oydww f yfom;
awG/ vlxkawGu vSJusif;armif;xkwf vdkuf+yD;wJh
aemufrSm aq;±Hk[m tckvdk jynfol@ aq;±Hk}uD;
jzpfvmcJhawmhwmygy?J òrŒd awmf&efuek f od@k r[kwf
ajrmufOuUvmy [m yJ&pfueG ¹f reG ;f eJ@ wax&mxJ
oGm;wlawmhwmyJ? b,f v d k ed * k H ; csKyf = urvJ ?
yJ&pfuGef¹rGef;uawmh vlxkawG ypPnf;rJhtvkyf
orm;awGu ESpfvausmf tm%modrf;xm;+yD;
aemuf/ t&if;&Siaf wG&ŒJ ppfwyfawGu vlxkawGudk
acsr_ef;ypfvdkuf+yD; tm%mukd jyef,v l ukd w f ,f
r[kwv f m;? vlxak wG ausmif;om;awG awmif;qdk
ae=uwJh =um;jzwftpdk;& ray: aygufbl;qdk&if/
=um;jzwftpdk;&w&yfukd rzGJ@pnf; Ekdifbl;qdk&if æ
ppftkyfpkwpk[m xyfrHay:xGufvmcJh+yD; tm%m
qufvufodrf;,l=uvdrfhr,f? 'gukd awG;rdwkdif;
&ifxJ xdwfaerdw,f?
aq;±HkrSmaq;ukae±HkeJ@ rvHkavmuf
ao;zl;æ? vlxak wG&ŒJ wdu k yf x
JG u
J qdk if;oGm;/ wdu k yf JG
xJrSm ukd,fwdkif yg0if&vdrfhr,f? touf[m
taygifcHypPnf;awmhr[kwfbl;? 'gayrJh æ vlxk&JŒ
tm%mudk vlxku jyefvnf&,lzdk@ wdkufyGJxJrSm
toufawGukd taygifcHypPnf; j'yf0wWKxnf
ypPnf;tjzpf xm;&Sd=u&vdrfhr,f? rdrdtygt0if?
62
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
'Dae@wdkufyGJuawmh vSovm;rar;eJ@?
b0rSmwcgrS rjrifbl;wJhjrifuGif;? óuHawmifhóuHcJ
vSwJh jrifuGif;? vlxkawGtzdESdyfcH&/ towfcH&/
'Dta&;awmfyx kH rJ mS yJ vlxak wG[m tacsre_ ;f cH&
zefrsm;vmawmh ppfwyfudk vlxv k id_ ;f vH;k v_id ;f vdyf
}uD;awGu 0dkif;ywfavSmifydwfxm;pOf r*Fvm'Hk
avwyfu av,mOfawGay:uae pmawG}ucJ svu kd f
w,f? taxmiftaomif;aom ysv H m$ ; iSuif ,fawG
[m aumif;uifxJrSm 0JvSnfh ysHoef;aeovdkyJ
pm&GufawG[mvJ avxD;pD; ae=uw,f? ppfwyf
udk ydwfqdk@ae&muae aemufqkwfay;=uyg? ydwf
rxm;ygeJ@? wu,fvdk@ qufvufydwfqdk@xm;r,f
qdk&if aemufxyf 24 em&DtwGif;rSm AHk;}uJr,f
qd+k y;D &mZoHpm&Guaf wG[m vlxak wG&ŒJ a'gorD;v#H
ud k w[k e f ; [k e f ; awmuf a vmif a pcJ h w ,f ?
vufeufrhJ tm%mrJah vawmh/ vufeuf&dS tm%m
&SdwJh vlwef;pm;&JΠtEkdifusifhr_udk xyfwvJvJ
cHayOD;awmhaygh?
“ppftm%m&Sifpepf zsufodrf;ypf”
“ppftm%m&Sifpepf zsufodrf;ypf ”
vlxkawG [pfaºuG; awmif;qdkoHawG
[m vd_if;xaew,f? rdk;eJ@ajrukd odrfhodrfhwkef
atmifuydk J ±duk cf wfaew,f? wcJeufnmoH v_id ;f
vdyfawG[m &efol@cHwyfukd wck+yD;wck acsr_ef;ypf
aewJh tajrm‡ ufusnzf ;l awG jzpfaew,f orD;av;a&?
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xdkodk@yif =o*kwfv 10 &ufae@udk
a&;om;cJhonf?
ae@pOf r S w f w rf ; awG x J u xl ; xl ;
jcm;jcm; pGJvrf;rSwfrdaeonfh pmrsufESmrsm;qDodk@
jyefvnfa&muf&Sdaeonf? oD&d. pdwftwGif;wGif
(9)ESpfumvjcm;cJhaom twdwfeH&Hudk azmuf
xGufum ta&;awmfyHkaoG;ae@rsm;ukd azazESifh
 armifpdk;csdef
twl a&muf&Sdaejcif;yifjzpfonf? vrf;ray:rSm
azazES i h f t wl c sD w uf a ewm? azazh v uf u d k
wif;wif;qkyfxm;onf? azazh vufarmif;ukd
acgif;ESihfwqwfqwf±dkufaerdonf? azazu
orD;av;oD&d pdwftrlt&mukd odem;vnf+yD;
jzpfonf? 'Davmuf i,fEkwJh ausmif;ol ausmif;
om;awG[m ta&;awmfyHkxJrSm yg0if&avmuf
atmifukdyJ qdk;0g;wJh tm%m&Sifpepfygvm; æ [k
cHjyif;a'gou oD&u d kd ayguu f aJG pcJo
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yqkyfvdk vlr_uyfqdk;emawG '%f&mawG xlajym
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uav;ay:rSm pdwf'%f&m temw&&aprJh ta&;
awmfyHkta=umif;ukd ajymrjycsifygbl;uG,f æ?
odk@ayrJh 'ga&Smifvdk@r&wJh b0yJ orD;&JŒ? ppf
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rSmyJ vlxku 0kdif;ywfydwfqdk@ xm;vdkuf=uwm
orD;a&? a[m[dka&SŒu vrf;csKd;auG@rSm 0kdif;ywf
xm;vdkuf=uwm [dka&SŒrSm ”[k azaz ajymvdkuf
pOf oD&du ol@vufarmif;ºuu G o f m;awG awmifºh uG
oGm;atmif wif;wif;qkyrf v d #uo f m; jzpfomG ;onf?
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'&GwfwdkufoH qJqdk}udrf;armif;oHwkd@jzifh qlnH
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aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
wpuUef@rSmyJ ol@ajcvSrf;awGukdjyifvdkufonf?
um;a&SŒrSm òydvJae=uonfh om;trdESpfa,muf
xH ulnDaz;r&eftwGuf jzpfonf? rvSrf;rurf;
wGif vSrf;jrifae&onfh jrifuGif;? aps;Aef;wjcm;/
vlwjcm;jzpfaeonf? aps;Aef;xJrSm yvyfpwpf
qeftw d uf vrf;ay:wGif yGix hf u G o f mG ;um qefaph
rsm;jyef@}uJvGifhxGuf? tarjzpfolu aps;a&mif;
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&yfvdkufonf?
“eifhukdeifjyefar;=unfh? wdkufowf&J
ovm; eifu h edk ifjyefar; æ igw@kd om;trdu eifw@dk
ukd&ifqdkifzdk@toifhyJ æ eifwkd@a=umifh igwdk@awG
tckvkd 'ku/Q okuaQ &mufae&wm/ uJ b,fvv kd ”J
vlawGu 0kdif;vm=u+yD/ rsufvHk; pl;&Jrsm;jzifh
0dkif;=unfhvm=uonf? olru um;xJrS ppfAdkvf
rsufvHk;ukd pdkuf=unfh&if; wukd,fvHk; ewf0ifyl;
ovdk wqwfqwfwek af eonf? vl}u;D oH;k a,muf
u olwdk@om;trd ESpfa,mufukd qGJac:vmcJh=u
onf? ppfAv kd uf tcsujf yvdu k rf S um;armif;olrmS
aqmifhum armif;xGufonf? ppfAdkvf.um;u
yvyf p wpf qef t d w f u k d zd e if ; ,uf x k y f o G m ;
avonf?
oD&pd w d w f iG 'f %f&mwck xyfrH &&Sv d u kd f
avonf? oufjyif;csum qufI csDvmcJhonf?
c&D;tqH;k udak &muf&&dS ef odyrf a0;awmh? um;vrf;
ray:rS om;trdESpfa,muf tjzpftysufa=umifh
twdwaf oG;ajray: av#mufae&mrS vuf&ydS pPKy`ef
ukd jyefa&mufvmcJhonf? yvyfpwpfqeftdwf
i,fuav;xJrS vGifhpif xGufusvmaom qefaph
rsm;u oD&pd w d xf wJ iG f ygvmonf? aorxl; aerxl;
b0. rGwfodyf aºuG;a=umfoHrsm;ygvmonf?
oD&pd w d wf iG f vGecf o hJ nfh 9 ESpEf iS fh qufpyfomG ;um
±kef&if;qefcwf jzpfaeavonf?
azaz&,f æ orD;uav tJ'D om;
trdvdk jzpfcsifwm? azazhtem;rSm azazESifhtwl
63
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

tJ'Dvdk&ifqkdifvdkufcsifwm azaz&J@/ tckvnf; rodb;l ? orD;&if[m aumif;uif}u;D vdyk J [if;vif;

azazr&SdayrJh azazhukd &ifxJrSm rD;tdrfwvHk; jyif jzpfusef&pfcJhw,fazaz?
tjzpfeJ@xGef;nd‡xm;w,f? azazhukd vGwfvyfa&; orD ; aeraumif ; vd k @ td y f , mxJ r S m
oajyndK yef;wcuftjzpfeJ@ orD;acgif;xufrSm zsm;wJhtcgwdkif; azazhudkyJ owd&aerdw,f?
yefxm;w,fazaz æ/ +y;D awmh azazu ol&aJ umif; igridb k ;l rid&k bl;qd+k yD; pdwu
f dk xde;f xm;wJ=h um;uyJ
ordkif;rSm awmufycJhol/ vSwJhol? tJ'Dazaz&J@ acgif ; tH k ; ay:ud k rsuf & nf p uf a wG u pD ; us
orD;u ucsmvmrjzpf&atmif æ qefuek af jrav; vmw,f? acgif;tHk;[m rsuf&nfawGeJ@ pdkvdk@
rjzpf&atmif orD;u qufxdef;oGm;&rSmaygh/ &GJawmhwmyJ azaz? azazom orD;tem;rSm
'Dvdkr[kwfvm; azaz&,fæ [kwfw,faemf? &S d a e&if orD ; ezl ; uk d p rf ; =unf h r ,f æ tzsm;
wokeo f ek wf ud k cf wfaeaom rkwo f ek af v wkdif;r,f/ aq;wkdufr,f/ ,k,ðypkr,f? yHkjyifawG
u oD&&d ifudk qD;IwGe;f vdu k o
f nf? tvHwikd f xdyu f ajymr,f? &,fp&mawGajymr,f? orD;ezl;jyif
t0wfpuho J @kd oD&v d ckH snt f uspô u rkwo f ek af v±kid ;f ay:rSm azazhrsufESmvmtyfxm;r,f/ uyfxm;
wGif wvlvv l iG ahf eavonf? bmukrd S oD&u d owd r,faygh?
ròyrdawmh? oleHab;wGif t&dyftjzpf ygvmaom vlowform;awGu azazhudk orD;wdk@
azazhuw k d ;k d wd;k av; ajym=unhrf v d #uo
f m; jzpfaeonf? rd o m;pk x J u rw&m;cG J x k w f vd k u f = u+yD ; wJ h
wcgwav=uawmhvnf;orD; tm; aemufrmS zcif&ŒJ arwWmtcspu f kd r&cJah wmh wmyg
i,frdw,f azaz&,f? ausmif;rSm bmompHk yJazaz&,f? vlowform;awGudk orD; ajymjycsif
yxrqk&vd@k pifjrifah y:wuf+yD; qk,&l wJt h cgwikd ;f vdkufwm? orD;wdk@b0awG b,fvdk usKd;a=uukef
orD;idkrdw,fazaz&,f? }udwfidkrdwJhtcgwdkif; w,f/ ysuf,Gif; ukefw,fqdkwm jyvdkufcsifw,f?
&if[m yGix hf u G of mG ;ovdyk ?J araru orD;ab;rSm vlowform;awG[m vlpifppf jzpfw,fqdk&if
tm;wif; ay;ygw,f? orD;tazu tm;i,fwm awmh wu,fhukd jyocsifw,f? orD;zsm;vdk@
idkaºuG;0rf;enf;wmwdk@ukd róudufbl;/ 'ga=umihf tdyf&mxJvJ+yDqdk&if owd&wrf;wrdwm azazh
orD;u tm;wif;xm;&r,fvdk@ vlawG=um;xJrSm vufyJ? azazhvufudk ukdifxm;csifw,f? orD;
ac|;odrfhayrJh ararukd,fwkdifu idkaewm? tdrfudk &ifcGifxJrSm azazhvufukd odrf;ayG@ xm;csifw,f?
a&mufvmwJhtcgrSmawmh acgif;tHk;ukd rsufESm azazhtm;aq;&nf ESv;kH aoG;[m azazhtonf;ESv;kH
tyf+yD azaza&/ azaz æ orD;ukd vm=unfhvSnfh uwqifh vufudkpD;0if/ +yD;awmh orD;&ifxJpD;0if?
ygt;kH qd+k y;D [pf+y;D idak wmhwmyJ? ararhqu D adk jy;oGm; orD;ukd,fcE<mxJu tzsm;ydk;awG[m azazhESvHk;
ararh&ifciG x f rJ mS ESpx f m;+y;D [pfirkd wd ,f? aoG ; tm;wd k ; aq;a=umif h xG u f a jy;=u&rS m ?
vlowform;awGu azazhudk jyefr azaz&,f tck a wmh tcspf a wG arwW m awG
vmEkdifawmhwJh avmutjyifbufudk ykd@vdkuf v$rf;ywfxm;wJh azazhvufudk orD;r&Ekdifawmh
wmæ azaza&/ azazvdk@ idkwrf;[pfac:ayrJh ygbl;? ypPnf;OpPmawG pm;p&m/ 0wfp&mawG
azazr=um;Ekid af wmhb;l ? 'gayrJh pdwx f rJ mS &Sad ewJh b,favmuf jynfhpHkaeygap azazr&Sad wmh bmrS
tazuawmh orD;idw k m orD;ac:wmudk odygw,f? rjynfpakH wmhygb;l azaz?
id k ± _ d u f o H a wG rsuf & nf a wG x J r S m azazygvm araru orD ; tazud k rwrf ; wzd k @
ovm;? a=urGaewJh tonf;pawG ygvmovm; ajymw,f? orD;tazu jyefvmawmhrSm r[kwf
64
armifpdk;csdef
bl;? orD;'Dtwkdif;yJ cHpm;aer,fqdk&if orD;
pdwfxdcdkufvdrfhr,f? pdwfrSm '%f&ma&m*g &vdrfh
r,f? pdwfukdwif;xm;rSayghwJh? araruawmh
rdcifaumif;rdcifjrwfyg? rdcifwa,muf&ŒJ wefz;kd ukd
b,fawmhrS eif;acsrysuw f hJ taryg? rdcif&@J tcspf
rdcif&JŒarwWmawGukd ararhxHuae orD;&&Sdaeyg
w,f? azazr&SdayrJh ,cktxd araru azazeJ@
tdrfaxmifðyxm;wkef;? orD; azazhukdcspf&if
azazhvdk owWdaumif;&w,fvdk@ ajymygw,f?
orD;tazukd orD;u wrf;widkaºuG;awmh tar
b,fvdkvkyf&rvJorD;&,f qdk+yD; araru ±_dufidk
ygawmhw,f? jzpfEkdif&if tarh&ifudkzGifhjycsifw,f?
tarhtonf;awG aºuGraG ewmukd jyvdu k cf siyf gbd
orD;&,f? orD; rsu&f nfawG wrf;woHawGa=umifh
tarh tonf;ESvHk;awG a=uðyef;ukef+yD orD;&,f
vdk@qdk+yD; orD;ukdzufidkw,f? tJ'Dwnf;u ararh
ukd odyo f em;oGm;+y;D ararha&SŒrSm azazhukd rwrf;w
rdatmif óud;pm;cJhawmhwmyJazaz? azazhZeD;u
ZGJowWdaumif;wJh rdcifaygh? ukr`%DESpfckrSm tcsdef
jynfh tcsdefykdif;tvkyfvkyf+yD; orD;b0ukd azazh
uk,d pf m; ysK;d axmifay;aecJw h ,f? tckawmh rzsm;
&Jawmhygbl;azaz&,f? aeraumif;vdk@zsm;wJhtcg
tazhukd ydkwrf;wwwfvGef;vdk@ rzsm;&Jawmhygbl;
azaz&,f ? wu,f v J ararajymwJ h t wd k i f ;
azazhvkd owWad umif;&r,f? vGwv f yfa&;twGuf
azazcsD w uf w J h v rf ; twd k i f ; orD ; csD & vS r f ; &
vdrhfr,f? azazhvrf;ukdvdkufwJh orD;jzpfzdk@ azazh
ajc&mtwdkif; vSrf;wuf&r,f r[kwfvm;azaz?
tawG;xJrSm azazESihftwl pum;awG
ajym&if;ESifhyif aoG;acsmif;pD;onfhae&modk@ oD&d
a&mufvmcJo h nf? ajcvSr;f awGu av;vHaES;auG;
oGm;+yD?‘azazusqHk;oGm;cJhwJh ae&m[m 'Dae&m
aygh’ qdkonfh tawG;u oD&d&ifukd ±dkufcwfvdkuf
avonf? a=uuGJqdk@eifhr_ oem;=uifemr_ wkd@u
w&dyf&dyfv_dif;xvmonf? ODav;av; ajymonfh
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
twdkif; pum;vHk;awGu wvHk;csif;pDum oD&d
&ifukd wkd;zGifh0ifvmcJhonf? vGefcJhonfh wywfu
zkef;xJrSm OD;av;av;ajymcJhonfh toHawGukd
,ckc%wGif oD&djyef=um;ae&onf?
“tJ'Dae&mrSmyJorD;/ orD;azaz&,f/
OD;av;&,f/ q&m0efawG ausmif;om; vlxkawG
&,f aºuG;a=umf csDwuf vmaewkef; aemufa=um
buf taqmuf t OD ; ay:rS m toif h j yif q if
ae&m,l+yD; ppfwyfu pufaoewfawGeJ@ vSrf;ypf
cJhwm? jrufckwf"g;a&SŒrSm tykdif;ykdif;òydusoGm;wJh
jruf y if a wG v d k y gyJ ? orD ; azaz a'guf w m
oufarmifO;D [m tJ'aD e&mrSmyJ vJusomG ;cJw h m?
usqHk;oGm;cJhwm? OD;av;av;eJ@ ausmif;om;awG
u orD ; tazuk d qG J r o,f v mzd k @ óud ; pm;ayrJ h
rdk;&Gmovdk &GmcsvmaewJh usnfqHawG=um;rSm
ratmifjrifcyhJ gb;l ? qGaJ c:zd@k óu;d pm;aewke;f q&m0ef
awGaum ausmif;om;awGyg xyf+yD;vJòyd usqHk;
ukew f ,f? OD;av;av;&JΠnmbuf vufarmif;[m
orD ; azazuk d csD r aewk e f ; usnf q H x d r S e f + yD ;
opfuidk ;f usK;d vkd avxJrmS wGaJ vmif; jzpfomG ;w,f?
oli,fcsif;ukd xm;cJh&awmhw,f orD;&,f? ae&m
u ql;avbk&m;vrf;eJ@ ukefonfvrf; a'gifhrSmyg?
OD;av;av;[m a&ajrmif;xJ tajy;
ckefcsvdkufw,f? OD;av;av;&JŒaemufausm buf
uaoG;tdik f aoG;pD;acsmif;xJrmS awmh 'Dru kd a&pD ol
&Jaumif;awG[m twH;k t±k;H vJòyu d se&f pfcahJ v&JŒ”
vGefcJhonfhudk;ESpf twdwfu aoG;tdkif
aoG;pD;acsmif;awGukd jyefjrif&onf? 'Drdkua&pD
wkdufyGJtwGif;u aºuG;a=umfoH/ rdk;+cdrf;oHrsm;ukd
jyef=um;&onf? pufaoewfoHrsm;u u|uf
u|uf q l o G m ;onf ? aoewf u snf x d r S e f u m
òydusoGm;aomazaz? xkd@aemuf aoG;tdkifxJwGif
epf0ifomG ;aomazaz? aoG;tdik af oG;pD;acsmif;xJu
vl x k a wG u k d jyef j rif & onf ? aoG ; tk d i f x J r S
xvmaom azazhukd ±kwfw&uf vSrf;awG@vdkuf
65
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

onf? “orD;av; oD&ad & ”qdo k nfah zazhac:oHudk yef;pnf;csonfhtcsdefrSmyJ oD&dtaruvnf;

pdwfESifh =um;vdkuf&ovdk jzpfoGm;onf? opPmyef;wpnf;ukd oD&dyef;pnf;ESifhtwl ,SOfcs
qef;=u,f tHhzG,faumif;vSonfh pdwf vdu
k o f nf? taru oD&u d dk az;rwGaJ c:vmcJoh nf?
tawG;u rjzpfEkdifonfrsm;ukd jzpfvmatmif rid±k ud_ rf ad tmif taru tHwif;xm;&onf?
zefqif;=unfhrdv#ufom; jzpfoGm;onf? azazu om;trdEpS af ,muf cyfa0;a0; cyfvrS ;f
aoG;tdkifxJrS xvmcJh+yD; orD;av;oD&da&[k vSr;f ta&mufwiG f vGr;f ol@yef;acGcsol ESpaf ,muf
[pfac:aeonfukd pdwfjzifh=um;jrifaerdonf? xyfraH &muf&v dS monf? xdak oG;ajray:rSmyJ vGr;f ol@
oD&&d ifonf armufºuGum qd@k vu _d v f mavonf? yef;acGcscJh=uonf? oD&dwkd@om;trd rodvdkuf?
“azaza&/ azaza&/ orD ; a&muf wajz;ajz;ESifh a0;vmcJh=uI rodvdkuf=uawmh?
vmae+yD? orD;ukd xyfac:ygt;kH azaz? apmapmu xdyk ef;acGyef;pnf;rsm;qDo@kd vlo;kH a,muf xyfrH
orD;ukd azazvSrf;ac:vdkufw,f r[kwfvm;? a&muf&Sdvm=uonf? =urf;=urf; wrf;wrf; qJqdk
azazhac:oHukdr=um;&wm (9)ESpf &SdoGm;+yDazaz }udrf;armif;jcif;ESihftwl vGrf;ol@yef;acGESihf vGrfol@
&,f? orD;av;oD&da&vdk@ xyfac:vdkufprf;yg yef;yGifhckdifrsm;ukd ppfzdeyfjzifh txyfxyf eif;acs
azaz&,f? orD; xl;csifvdk@/ &Sif azaza&vdk@ ypfvu kd o f nf? vrf;rrsm;ay:wGif aoG;eH@vr$ ;f aom
jyefE_wfqufcsifvdk@yg azaz&,f” rkwo f aHk vonf wokeo f ek f wku
d cf wf aeavonf?
rsufvHk;tdrfxJwGif v#HxGufvmaom
rsuf&nfrsm;u vdSrfhIpD;usvmavonf? &ifeifh
cHpm;r_rsm;u ±_dufidkoHtjzpf wr[kwfcsif; ajymif;
vJomG ;onf? atmufEw _ cf rf;ukd jywfxu G rf wwf
oD&dukdufvdkufrdonf? xkd@aemuf atmufE_wfcrf; =o*kwf 4 / 2005
udk vGwfvdkufonf? wckckukdajymzdk@ óud;pm; opPmtrSwf (7) Edk0ifbm/ 2005
=unf&h if;u E_wcf rf;v$mrsm;u wke&f ifvmavonf?
“azazhtwGufvGrf;&vGef;vdk@ a=uuGJ
oem;&vGe;f vd@k tvGr;f ajy vGr;f ol@yef;cdik f vmcschJ
ygw,fazaz/ azazhtwGuf æ +yD;awmh ol&J
aumif;awG twGuf æ”
+yD;rS ydwqf @kd wif;xm;aompdwu f dk zGichf s
vduk of nf? v$wI f [pfI azazhuw dk rf;wum idck s
vdkufawmhonf? ajymjycsifwmawG rsm;vGef;I
rajymcsif a wmh ? “azaza&/ azaz”[l I om
txyfxyf ac:iifjrnfwrf;&if; idkcsvdkufonf?
“orD;armae+yD/ idkaewm armvSyg+yD
uG,f/ vmoGm;=updk@”
oD&dycHk;xufodk@ zGzGnifnif usa&muf
vmonfhvufrSm ararhvufjzpfaeonf? oD&du
66
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

roef;\ ppfa&; 'Drkdua&pD

ArmjynfwGif roef;aygif;rsm;pGm&Sdonf? emrnfwlr&Sm;/ vlwlr&Sm;? emrnfwlawG

&SdonfhtwGuf roef;.a&SŒu xl;jcm;onfh 0daooudk vlawGuxnfh+yD; &nfnGef;ac:qdk
wwf=uonf? Oyrm æ ausmif;q&mr roef;/ ta=umfonfroef;/ ukdarmif0if;rdef;r roef;?
ponfjzifh w&GmxJrSmyJ roef;awG emrnfwlawG &Sdaeao;v#if ArmwjynfvHk;wGif roef;aygif;
rsm;pGm&Sdaeonf? ,ck usaemfajymvdkonfh roef;u usaemfwkd@&Gmu aps;onf roef;ta=umif;?
aps;onfawGu trsm;}uD;? apsonfroef; awGuvnf;trsm;}uD;? aps;onfawGxJu b,fvdk
aps;onfrsKd;vJ? ol@ta=umif;ukd ajymjy+yD;aomtcg pmzwfy&dwfowftaejzifh b,fvdk aps;onf
rsKd;jzpfonfukd emr0daooewck xnfhay;zdk@vdkvdrfhrnfvm;rod? roef;awGxJu b,fvdk
xljcm;wJhroef;vJ? aps;onfawGxJu b,fvdk*k%fxl; 0daooeukd ykdifqdkifxm;onhf roef;vJ?
usaemfh&Gmu roef;u aps;onfwa,mufyg? olr. aps;awmif;xJwGif &moDtvdkuf
[if;oD;[if;&Guf/ yef;rsKd;pHk/ tom;ig;awG ygvmwwfonf? aps;0,folawGu txl;rSm=um;v#if/
rSm=um;ovdk pdkufcif;awGxJu pdefjc,f/ opPmyef;/ *E<rmyef;wkd@udk o,fvmwwfonf? wcgw&H
toD;tESH/ [if;oD;[if;&Guf aps;awmif;xJwGif t+rJwrf;xnfhoGif; &Gufydk;um a&mif;csonfh
ukefypPnf;rSm trJom;jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh olrukd trJom;onf roef;[kyif ac:=uonf?
olronf tdrfaxmifrðy? tysKd}uD;b0ESihfyif rdbESihftwlaeum rdbukd aºuG;arG;ðypk
aeol? xdkr#omru wtdrfwnf;aeaom trESihfarmifu arG;xm;onfh om;orD;rsm;ukdyg
ausmif;pm&dwEf iS fh rke@f z;kd wk@d udk axmufyahH eol? w0rf;wcg;twGuf ylyifp&mrvdak omfvnf; rdbESihf
wl/ wlrrsm;ukd ylyif a=umifhusaeayvdrfhrnf? xdk@a=umifh tdrfaxmifrðy/? tysKd}uD;b0ESifhyif
rdom;pktwGuf ±kef;uefaecJhavonf?
olrwGiftm;vyf&ufr&Sd/ oDwif;u|wfvjynfh/ wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhuJhodk@aom xl;jcm;
onfh bmoma&;ae@awGuvGJvdk@ tm;vyf&ufr&Sd? aps;a&mif;onf? 'gawmif tareJ@tazu
orD;&,f ae@}uD;&uf}uD;rSm raumif;ygbl;uG,f? aps; ra&mif;ygeJ@uG,f? em;prf;ygtHk; æ [kajymrS
em;jcif;jzpfonf? ae@}uD;&uf}uD;rSm rpm;bJaewmr[kwf? r0wfbJaewm r[kwfbl; tara&[k
tarukd jyef+yD;w&m;cs/ w&m;jyvdak omfvnf; xl;rSmr[kwo f nft
h wGuf roef; bmrSrajymawmh?
em;yg qdkonfhtwdkif; aps;ra&mif;bJ em;aevdkuf&onf? odk@aomfae@pOfðyvkyfae=u aps;a&mif;
jcif;tr_udk w&ufrS rem;vdk? w&ufra&mif;v#if w&uf0ifaiGr&awmh? vufv_yfrS yg;pyfv_yf&
aomb0wGif w&uftvkyfrvkyf&v#if w&ufxdcdkufonf[k roef;b0u oif=um;xm;onf?

67
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

roef;. ae@pOftvkyfrSm &GmESihfESpfrdkifa0;aom om;owfukef;okd@ oGm;&onf? trJom;

ukd wEdkifo,f,lvmcJhonf? tdrfudkjyefa&mufonfESihf wjcm;a&mif;csp&m ukefypPnf;rsm;ukd
aps;awmif;xJxnfh/ xbDukd wkdwdk0wfum v,fuGif;xJ&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;ukd w&Gm+yD;w&Gm qufukef;
qufusif; aps;vnfa&mif;csjcif;yifjzpfonf? war#mfwac: v,fuGif;}uD;xJukd jzwf&onf?
acsmif ; ES i h f ± d k ; uk d j zwf & onf ? awmwef ; / cif w ef ; uk d wd k ; 0if j zwf a usmf & onf ? 0gqd k 0 gacgif
a&azmifazmifwGif awmifusa&ESihf uGif;a&wdk@ v#Harmufum v,fwcGifvHk; azG;aewwfonf?
xdktcg “rdk;a&wufa& wazG;azG; uGif;us,f ta0;a0; ”qdkonfh pmcsKd;vuFmtwkdif;/ a&azG;
aeaom uGi;f jyifus,u f dk roef;jzwf&avonf? aqmif;a&mufaomtcg tpdr;f a&mif uwWyD gvr$ ;f
v,fuGif;}uD;u roef;ukd 0SufuG,fxm;wwfavonf? aumif;uifay:u wuf=unfhrS roef;
b,fudk a&mufae+yDqo kd nfudk odEidk rf mS jzpfonf? &moDawGom ajymif;oGm;onf? v,fuiG ;f }uD;ESifh
vsKdajrmif acsmif;ajrmif;awGuom tajctaeawG ajymif;oGm;onf? roef;uawmh rajymif;vJ?
olra&SŒwGif qD;wm;[ef@wm;aeaom obm0twm;tqD;rsm;ukd aemufausmbufwGif xm;csef
cJhonhfroef;? ae@pOfae@wkdif; av#muf&onfhc&D;rSm 7 rdkifESifh 10 rdkif=um;wGif&Sdonf? tom;u
ndKvmonf? ajcovHk; ºuGufom;awGu wkwfcdkifvmonf? cg;uvnf; cgcsOfaumifvdk usOfrae
awmhbJ wkwfcJvmonf? wu,fu olrb0ESifh obm0 tcif;tusif;awGu olrukd yHkoGif;
ay;vmcJhjcif;yJ r[kwfavm?
wae@? xdktjzpftysufu roef;. b0tawG;tac:ESifh t&nftcsif;awGukd xkwfaz:
vSpjf yvduk o f vdk jzpfomG ;onf? vl[m tusO;f tusyf ta&;ta=umif;xJa&mufrS vlwa,muf&ŒJ
t&nftcsif;u ay:xGufvmwwfonf r[kwfvm;? vlwa,muf. wefzdk; E_ef;pHawGuvnf;
tcuftcJaygif;rsm;pGmukd &ifqdkif&awmhrS ay:xGufvmwwfonf r[kwfvm;? v,fuGif;}uD;xJ
wa,mufwnf; jzwfoGm;&wkdif; acsmif;ESihf AsKdufawmwdk@ukd jzwfausmf&wdkif; &efolukd owdxm;rd
cJo
h nf? &efou l b,fcsKyH w k x
f u
J bGm;ueJ xGuaf y:vmrvJ? ol@bufu bmukad wmif;qdrk vJ æ ?
ESpfrsm;pGm/ vaygif;rsm;pGm onfv,fuGif;/ onfawmwef; csKHEG,f acsmif;ajrmif;wdk@ukd jzwfcJhI
tom;usvmcJh+yD;umrS ,ck &efolukdbGm;ceJ vmawG@&onf? pyg;awGidkufpòyaeonfh v,fuGif;
xJrSmyJ? uefoif;auG@ wae&mrSm &efolu aiGa&mifajymifvufaeaom "m;ukd qkyfukdifxm;onf?
roef;xHrS aiGawmif;onf? em;wGifyefxm;aom eaÉmif;ukd òzwfcdkif;onf? jyif;xefrmausmaom
trdef@/ cufxefpl;&Saomtrdef@u &efol. "m;tzsm;wGif &Sdaeavonf? aemufqHk;ay;aom
trdef@u trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf touf&SL &yfoGm;Ekdifonfh trdef@jzpfaeavonf? ypPnf;ray;
csif&if vlay;&r,fwJh? ,ckyJ vlwukd,fvHk; ay;vdk@&owJh? +yD;awmh óudufwJhvrf;udk a&G;[lI
a&G;cs,fcdkif;onf?
yxrawmh roef; ajcrukdifrd/ vufrukdifrd? bmvkyfvdk@vkyf&rSef;rod? =uufao
aoaeonf? tdyfrufrsm; rufaewmrsm;vm; æ tdyfrufvnf;r[kwf? &efolu vrf;wvrf;udk
a&G;cdkif;xm;awmhrS tdyfrufr[kwfrSef; odomoGm;vdk@ vrf;pvnf; &oGm;onf? ypPnf;eJ@vl
b,ft&mukday;rvJ? &efola,mufsm;u wckck&v#if +yD;w,f[k qdkvmcJh+yD? odyf+yD; rpOf;pm;
vdkuf&? &efol. apmfum;zdpD;r_ t"rR ðyusifhr_ukdcHrvm;? "m;ukdifxm;aom &efol"m;jyukd &Sdonhf
68
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

tiftm;jzifh wGef;vSefqef@usifrvm;? &efol@xHrS trdef@&onfh oHk;av;rdepft=umwGif roef;

qHk;jzwfcsuf csvdkufonf? oduQmESifh t&SuftwGuf wkH@jyef&vdrhfrnf? touftwGuf ckcH&
vdrfhrnf?
rD&xm;wpD; ckwfarmif;ajy;aeouJhodk@ olr.&ifckefoHonf qlyGuf[def;nHvmonf?
a'gooifhaeaom toHu &efol"m;jyxuf ESpfq jyif;xef yJhwifxyfoGm;onf? “[Jhaumif”
[k tpcsDvdkufonf? ±kwfw&ufrSmyJ tjzpftysufawGu wck+yD;wck trJom;vSD;aom &Sjr"m;ukd
b,fbufvufu ukdifvdkufonf? nmbufvufrSmu tav;csdef csdef&eftwGuf oHxnf
tav;wvHk;/ ESpfq,fhig;usyfom;tav;? useftav;rsm;rSmvnf; aps;awmif;xJwGif toifh
&Sd+yD;om;? ig;q,f usyfom;tav;/ wq,fom;tav;/ yd\mav;? ESpfq,fhig;usyfom; tav;
ukd uspfuspfygatmif qkyfukdifxm;vdkufonf? ighqDu ypPnf;vdkcsifw,fayghav? ypPnf;r&&if
vlay;&r,faygh [kwfvm;? pGJpGJ+rJ+rJom rSwfxm;vdkufayawmh? ypPnf;r&bl;? ighqDu "m;yJ&r,f?
vlawmhr&bl;? a[m'DrSm csdefcGiftwGufoHk;rJh tav;awGyJ&r,f? tifh æ ,layawmh æ [kqdkum
&efolukd ypfcwf wdkufcdkuf avawmhonf? olrESifh ig;aytuGma0;cef@wGif &yfaeaom &efolu
[efysufoGm;u a&Smifwdrf; vdkuf&onf? aemufukd oHk;av;vSrf; qkwfcGmvdkufonf? oHxnf
tav;rsm;ESihf tdk;jcrf;uGJtav;rsm;ukd rdk;&Gmovdkroef;u &Gmcsvmawmh &efolajy;&onf?
tav;oD;awGukefawmh "m;eJ@vdkufonf? [Jh rk'def;aumif b,fajy;rvdk@vJ? vmav[k nmoHay;
um "m;ESihfvdkufavonf? aemufawmh ukd,fw&yfjrifhaom pyg;cif;}uD;xJwGif &efol aysmufuG,f
oGm;onf? ajy;+yD?
tv,fwef; ausmif;om;b0u usaemfhudk ukd,fwdkifajymjycJhonfh a': }uD;roef;.
udk,fawG@tjzpftysuf/ 0wˆKwyk'f? xdktjzpftysufu acgif;xJpJGaecJhonf? ,ck pOf;pm;oHk;oyf
=unfrh o d nf? vlwikd ;f rSm rdrtd ouf rdrb d 0twGuf ckcu H muG,cf iG hf &So
d nf? vufeufjzihtf Ekid u
f sihf
owfjzwfvmygu/ t"rRðyusifh tEdkif,lzdk@ óud;pm;vmygu/ vufeufjzifh ckcHykdifcGifhonf vlwGif
&S+d yD;om;? vlwiG o
f bm0uku d &S+d yD;om;? usaemfu xd'k rD u
kd a&pDudk ppfa&;'Dru
kd a&pD[k trnfwyf
vdkufonf? aps;onfroef;/ q&mra':oef;/ tvkyform;roef; æ roef; æ roef; æ
xdkroef;awGxJu ,ckawG@cJh zwfcJh&onfh aps;onfroef;ukd toifu emr0daooe wckck
olremrnfa&S@wGif xnfhay;csif ovm;rod? pmzwfol&JΠoabmqEN twdkif;yg? wckck
xnfh=unhfygvm;?

Ò Ò Ò

opP m trS w f ( 9) arv/2006

69
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

ta&S Ybufurf;odkU wifykdUjcif;

1
td r f x J r S xG u f v mcJ h = uonh f v l o H k ; a,muf
olwdk@oHk;a,muf. ajcvSrf;awGu at;at;vlvl yHkrSefvrf;av#mufaeonfESifh rwlawmh?
ajcvSrf;awGu olwkd@tdrf&Sdonfh ta&S@bufqDodk@ wvSrf;+yD;wvSrf; wdk;IoGm;ae=uaomfvnf;
aemufausmbufwGif a0;Ia0;I usefcJhonfh aemfcl;azm&Sd&mxHodk@ pdwfu ta&mufjyefoGm;ae=u
onf? ajcvSr;f rsm;u a'gooifh &ifcek o f EH iS fh pnf;0g;rukud af wmh? um;vrf;r. ab;wzuf vlomG ;vrf;
ay:wGif cJvHk;wvHk;ukd atmifrdk;uefxJhvdkufpOf vrf;ab;"gwfwdkifukd xdrSefum cJvHk;u jyefuefxGuf
vmonf?
aemufw}udrf uefxnhfvdkufonfh t&mrSm wjcrf;um;eif;xm;onfh Edk@qDAl;cGH? wc|ifc|if
wa'gifa'gifjrnfum Ekd@qDAl;cGHonf cyfa0;a0;qDodk@ ajy;vGifhxGufoGm;onf? atmifrdk;zdeyfu wzsyfzsyf
wzwfzwf jrnfaeonfukdvnf; oHk;a,mufpvHk; owdrxm;EkdifcJh=u? aemfcl;azm aoonfqdkonfh
owif;qdk;udk rcifwdk;u olwdk@oHk;a,muf&Sd&modk@ apmapmu o,f,lvmcJhonf?
olr wHcg;wGe;f zGihf 0ifvmjcif;ESit hf wl xyfcsyrf uGm 0ifvmcJo
h nfh xdo
k wif;u olw@kd o;kH a,muf
aeaom urBmav;ukd qGJ&rf;acsrGypfvdkufavonf? xkd@aemuf “b,fvdkjzpfoGm;wmvnf; æ”
“b,frSmvJ” “b,frSmwkef;” “b,fol owfoGm;wmvJ”“ol@ukd,fol owfvdkufwmvm;”
xdkar;cGef;awGu aoG;avyHkrSefvnfywfjcif; r&Sdawmhonfh olwdk@cE<mxJu ajy;xGuf±dkufcwfaeonfh
ar;cGef;awG jzpfoGm;onf? ol@yg;pyfxJa&mufaeaom aumfjyef@vdyf wykdif;ukd qufr0g;EkdifawmhbJ
rsKd;aemif &yfxm;vdkufrdv#ufom; jzpfoGm;onf? owd&vmpOf xdkae&mrS ckefx? “a[haumif æ
rif;a&$OD;/ bmvkyfaewmvJ æ bmidkifaewmvJ æ vmoGm;=ur,f æ rjzpfbl; jrefjrefvkyf æ ”
[kqdkum atmf[pfE_d;aqmf&if; abmif;bDa[mif;wxnfukd aumufpGyfvdkufonf?
olwdk@ukdrapmifhEkdifbJ owif;vmykd@ol rcifwdk;u xGufcGmoGm;ESihfonf? rif;a&$OD; aps;u
jyefvmuwnf;u abmif;bDudk rc|wf&ao;? xdk@a=umihfyif tdrftjyifxGuf&ef toifhjzpfaeonf?
ol@vufxJwGif ZGef;awG/ a,mufrawG ygvmonf? bmvkyfvdk@ bmukdif&rSef;rodawmh? tonf;
weifheifh cspfcJh&ol cspfolao+yDqdkaom todu ol@cE<mukd,ftwGif; vnfywfaeaom aoG;wkd@ukd
&yfqikd ;f ypfvu kd o
f nf? owdvufvw G jf zpfomG ;onf? todw&m;ESifh pdwt f rSww f @kd vGix
hf u
G o
f mG ;onf?
rD;zdkacsmifxJwGif tdk;cGuf/ yef;uefaq;aepOf ol@vufxJwGif ZGef;/ a,mufrawG ygvmcJhonf? rsKd;aemif
owday;rS {nfhcef;xJwGif ypfxnfhxm;cJh&onf?
atmifrdk;u jzpf&av rkaemf&,f æ [kqdkum wzGzGwoo wrf;w&if; ajceif;cHkodk@ a&muf
vmum zdeyfw&Hukd uref;uwrf; aumufpGyfvdkufonf? tpDtpOfwusr[kwfbJ ajrjyifay:odk@
tdrftqifhay:rSaeI ckefcsrdv#ufom;jzpfoGm;onf? ta,mifa,mif trSm;rSm; pD;+yD; xGufvmcJhaom
zdeyfrSm &mbmzdeyf b,fbufESpfzufjzpfaeonfukd owdrxm;rd?
ajcvSrf;oHk;av;vSrf; vSrf;xGuf+yD;rS wHk@ceJ@&yfvdkuf&onf? ac|;eH@pl;&S wGef@a=uaeaom
70
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

tuôsukd vJ0wf&ef owd&vdkufonf? nu iSufzsm;wuf tyl}uD;um ac|;wdk@&GJepfcJhonfh tusô?

tdrfxJjyef0ifvmawmh tusôvJ&rSmudk owdr&awmh? arhoGm;+yD? csmceJvSnfhxGufvmcJhum zdeyf
jyefpGyfonf? apmapmuvdkbJ ajrjyifodk@ckefqif;csvdkufonf? b,fESpfbuf &mbmzdeyfonf ol@
ajcaxmufatmufwGif uyfygvmcJhjyefonf? vrf;ajr‡mifvrf;usOf;uav;xJrS xGufvm/ um;vrf;r
wbuf&Sd vloGm;vrf;ay: a&mufvmcdkuf tm;oGefvSrf;vmcJh=uonf? aemfcl;azmukd awG@csif+yD?
bma=umifh b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ odcsifvS+yD? cl;azmudk b,fvdktajctaersKd;eJ@ awG@&rvJ? xdkpdwfaZmESifh
vSrf;cJhonfh tajy;w0uf ajcvSrf;rsm;jzpfaeonf? rdkif0ufeD;yg;c&D;ukd ajrrxdbJ oGm;vdkufavovm;
yifrod? rdk;rkefwdkif;xJu wdrfwdkufawGjzpfoGm;yHk&onf?
aemfcl;azm. tdrfa&SŒodk@a&mufoGm;cJhonfhwkdif olrukdawG@cGifhr&? tdrfxJukd0ifcGifhr&=u?
aq;±Hkum;/ ykvdyfum;awGu olwdk@oHk;a,mufukd qD;óudae=uonf? apmapmuwnf;u a&muf&Sd
vmcJh=uonhf vlpkawGukd &Sif;vif; ESifxkwfxm;yHk&onf? olwdk@oHk;a,muf a&mufvmcJhpOf olwdk@
ESifxkwfcH&onf? xdkif;ykvdyf. “ykdif; æ ydkif; æ” ESifxkwfatmfaigufoHu [def;aeavonf?
owif;vmykd@onfh rcifwdk;u +cHpnf;±dk;wzufwGif uG,fykef;aeonf? rif;a&$OD;u rcifwdk;xH
a&mufvmonf? rsKd;aemifESihfatmifrdk;wdk@vnf; rif;a&$OD;aemufrS a&mufvmcJh=uonf? olwdk@
odcsifaeonfhtcsufu aemfcl;azmukd b,fol owfcJhovJ? 'gyJ? 'gukdyJ odcsifaeonf?
“ig&&Sx d m;wJh owif;awGaum æ raocifwek ;f u rkaemfajymjycsut f &aygh æ [m æ tdr&f iS f
olaX;u cl;azmukd t"rR zsufqD;cJhwmuawmh aocsmw,f æ cl;azmrSm ukd,f0ef&SdaecJhyHk&w,f æ
tdrf&Sifu cl;azmudkowf+yD; óud;qGJcs+yD;aowmygvdk@ ajymvdk@&atmif óud;qGJcswJhyHkpH vkyfxm;wmvm;
æ 'grSr[kwf rif;a&$OD;ukd b,fvdk&ifqkdif&rvJ æ &Sufwm/ pdwfajcmufjcm;wm/ xdwfvef@ a=umuf&GH@
wma=umifhyJ ol@ukd,fol óud;qGJcs owfvdkufovm; æ igawmh ajymrjywwfawmhbl;[m æ”
toHu ajym&if;ESiyfh if wdr0f ifomG ;onf? rcifw;kd u owif;&v#i&f ovdk ajymrnf[k qdo k nf?
twdtuso&d atmif eifw@kd vnf;óud;pm;=u[m æ [kqu kd m xGuo f mG ;ESio
fh nf? ykvyd Ef iS t
fh wl vlav;
a,mufu olwdk@ukd xyfI ESifv$wfaecJhonf? rma=uma=um [def;a[mufoHrsm;ESifhtwl ±dkif;jy
trlt&mrsm;u &efyGJodk@a&S;±_vmonf? +cHpnf;±dk;csKd;um rif;a&GOD;u xdkvlawGukd±dkufr,f wuJuJ
vkyfonf? atmifrdk;uawmh rif;a&$OD;udk apmifh=unfhaeonf? ykvdyfudk±dkuf&ef toifhjzpfaeonf?
w[if;[if; w[J[x J rd ;f xm;&olrmS rsK;d aemif? “rxl;awmhygb;l Asm æ aorxl;aerxl;wJb h 0”[kiokd H
±_dufoHESifh a'goaygufuGJaeonfh rif;a&$OD;ukd rsKd;aemif'&Gwfwdkuf qGJac:vmcJh&onf?
aemfc;l azm aemufq;kH xGuo f ufpeG @f c&hJ m 'Dtrd ef ef;awmf}uD;ukd ausmcdik ;f xGucf mG vmcJ=h upOf
olwdk@tawG;xJwGif cl;azmygvmcJhonf? ajcvSrf;rsm;rSmvnf; ajymif;oGm;awmhonf? aemfcl;azmxH
tajy;oGm;pOfuESihf rwlawmh?
,cktjyefvrf; vrf;ray:wGif olwdk@ajcaxmufawGrSm cJqGJxm;av+yD? ausmufom;jzifh
ðyvkyfxm;onfh ausmufcJawmhr[kwf? a=uuGJr_ESihf qdk@eifhemusnf;r_u acszsufr&Edkifawmhrnfh
tenfus ausmufom;rsm;jzpfoGm;um pdwfwGif av;av;odyfodyf qGJxm;vdkufav+yD? olwdk@
ajcaxmufrsm;wGif xdpk w d cf pH m;r_ ausmufom;ausmufcrJ sm; qGx J m;aeav+yD? atmifr;kd . b,fEpS b f uf
&mbmzdeyfpnf;csufonfvnf; toGm;twdkif;r[kwfawmh? aES;auG;av;odyfvsuf? olav#mufae
71
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

onfh vrf;rwav#muf yvufazmif;ay:rSmwifaeonfh cJvHk;rsm;ukd uefxkwfvdkufwdkif; ol. wif;rm

aeonfh a'go.xGufayguf jzpfaeavawmhonf?

2
rif ; a&$ O D ; . rD ; v#H
rif;a&$OD;rSm pum;rajymEkdifawmh? ajcwvSrf;+yD;wvSrf; av#mufvSrf;aeonfukdyif owd
rxm;rdawmh? tjrif tm±Hrk sm;r&awmh? bmrSrjrifawmh? rsK;d aemif azsmif;zsajymqdw k mukad wmif oJoJ
uGJuGJr=um;&awmh? igwkd@bufu wenf;enf;eJ@ wHk@jyef&rSmayghuGm? tckavmavmq,frSm igwdk@
a'goawGukd vlawGrjrifapcsifbl;[k azsmif;zsonf? ac|;odyfjcif;vnf; jzpfEdkifao;onf? rsKd;aemif
bmawGajymaew,fqw kd mukyd if owdrxm;Ekid af wmh? “cl;azm&,f æ igt h onf;ESv;kH awG uGaJ =uuke+f yD/
a=urGukef+yD ”qdkonfh a0g[m&ukd xyfzefwvJvJajymaerdonf? ±l;oGyfaponfh tjzpftysufqdk;u
±kwfw&uf a&mufvmcJhonf? ar#mfvifhrxm;onhftjzpfqdk;? cl;azmao+yD? cl;azmukd awG@cGifhawmif
r&awmhbl;? cl;azmukd xm0& vrf;cGJvdkuf&+yD? rawG@rjrifEkdifonfh ae&ma'oqDodk@ cl;azm t+yD;
xGufcGmoGm;+yD æ ighukdodyfcspfwJhcl;azm/ tJ'DtcspfawGay;+yD; ighudkxm;oGm;cJh+yD? a=uuGJr_awGu ol@
E_wfcrf;ESpfvGmukd aumfap;rsm;jzpfapum ydwfqD;uyfxm;apaomfvnf; OD;aESmuf tonf;ESvHk;ESihf
aoG;a=um tm±Hak =umr#irf sm;xJwiG f cl;azmonf jyif;jycHpm;r_rsm;jzpfomG ;um ±du k cf wfywhJ if aeavonf?
cl;azmESihfESpfa,mufom; zefwD;vGrf;tkyfcJhonfh tcspfrdk;aumif;uifonf ,ckrl rD;awmuf
rD;v#H rd;k aumif;uif jzpfomG ;um ol@acgi;f ay:od@k wnfw h nfrh wfrwfyJ òydusaecJah vonf? xdk rD;awmuf
rD;v#Hu &ifwckvHk;ukd pGJavmif&mrS b0 wckvHk;ukdyg pGJavmifvmcJhonf?
“tdrf&SifolaX;qdkwJh vl±_yfvlayGu ighcspfolukd txyfxyfrk'def;usifhcJhwm æ 'DaumifyJ
owfwmjzpf&r,f æ”qdkonfh v#yfwjyuf tawG;0ifvmonf? a=uuGJaqG;ajrŒr_rsm;udk wHk@qdkif;oGm;
aponht f awG;? cl;azmraorDu cl;azmtdru f dk ra&mufa&mufatmif }uHzef óud;pm;cJb h ;l onf? ESp}f udrf
a&mufcJhonf? w}udrfwGif olaX;qdkol rk'def;aumifukd awG@cJh&onf? +yD;awmh ol@ZeD;udkyg awG@cJh&onf?
*k%foa&&Sd vl}uD;vlaumif;rsm;tjzpf eef;awmf}uD;ozG,f crf;em;aomtdrf/ taqmifta,mif
tcif;tusi;f [dw[ f efrsm;u axmufual y;xm;avonf? xdk taqmifta,mifrsm;. aemufu, G rf S
t"dy`g,frsm;onf ,ckrl ykdIjynfhpHk tao;pdyfoGm;onf?
ol&ma&. tcdk;taiG@rsm;/ txyfxyfavmifu|rf;cJhojzifh olaX;.rsufESmu eD=uef@=uefŒ?
rsufESmay:wGif zkxpf òAwfxaeaom 0uf+cHoD;rsm;u ae&mtESH@/ ESmacgif;jym;jym; ar;±dk;um;um;?
tvkyform;rsm;ukdf =unfhonhft=unfhrSm r_Hawawt=unfhrsKd;? rJhwJhwJht=unfhrsKd;? olaX;ruvnf;
xdkenf;wlpGm qif;&JrGJawolrsm;ukd rJhwJhwJh =unfhwwfavonf? tpdk;&t&m&Sd}uD;rsm;/ vkyfief;&Sifrsm;
tdrfodk@a&mufv#if c|Jypfypfajymavh&Sdonf? wcgw&HEGJ@vdkufao;onf? [efvkyfxm;onhf tðyHrsm;/
EGJ@oHrSmvnf; csLcsmoH/ rl,moHjzpfaeonf? yvDyvmtoHrsKd;? tvSjyifqdkifwGif r=umc% aygif;wif
xm;onfh rsufESmukd pdwfóuduftvScs,fum a=umharmhaewwfonf? rif;a&$OD;u olrukd ESpf}udrfpvHk;
awG@bl;onf? rif;a&GOD;udk rmrmwif;wif;=unfhojzifh rif;a&$OD;u ai:wl;wl; armh=unfhum vSrf;yuf
cJhbl;onf? xdktcg olr. jzLazG;azG;rsufESmay:wGif rJarSmifoGm;onf?
72
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

rif;a&$OD;pdwftawG;xJwGif t&ufavmifu|rf;xm;onhf eD=uifh=uifhrsufESmESifh rmwif;wif;

rsufESmrsm;ukd jyefawG@ae&avonf? cJwvHk;ypfcscHvdkufonfh uefa&jyifES,f pdwfwGif *,ufx
oGm;um ,dk;',m;olaX;rsufESmu wGef@a=u±_HŒvdyfum ay:vmjyefonf? cl;azm. tjzpftysufudk
ajymjyonfh rcifwdk;. pum;vHk;rsm;onf ,ckwc%wGif ±kyfyHkum;csyfrsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJoGm;onf?
vrf;ay:wGif av;wGJ@wGJ@ av#mufvSrf;aeonfh ajcvSrf;wkdif;wGif xdk±kyfyHkrsm;ukd jrifae&avonf?
rk'def;aumifu t&ufrl;&Da0v#uf t"rRðyusifhaeonfukd jyefvnffqef@usif tHwkaeonfh cl;azm?
t&SufESihfoduQmtwGuf jyefvnf ckcHwdkufcdkufaeonfh ±kef;&if;qefcwf tjzpftysuf ±kyfyHkum;csyfukd
rESpfòrdŒyJ ol@pdwftawG;wGif pdwfroufromjzifh jrifae&onf?
wcgw&H pdwfu qef;us,fpGm awG;jrifaejyefonf? aoG;om;qEN tm[m&jznfh&ef
orifrudk usm;±dkif;u vdkufvH zrf;qD;pm;aomufonfh ±kyfyHkukdjrifawG@ae&jyefonf? tif;tm;}uD;rm;
onhf owW0gu tiftm;csed @J aom om;aumifudk tEkid u f sihf owfjzwfpm;aomufjcif;onf om;±kid ;f wd@k
. obm0Oya'o? obm0 om;±kdif;urBmrS vrf;cGJxGufvmonfh vlonf ,ck wd&p>mef xufyif
±kdif;pdkif;aeavawmhonf? cl;azm. tdrf&SifolaX;u ol@+cH/ ol@tdrfukd vl,Ofaus;wdk@aexkdif&m tdk;tdrf
tjzpf eef;awmfozG,f rGef;rHcs,foxm;avonf? xd&ufudkif&ufp&mr&Sd? +cH0ef;0 oHwHcg;awGukd
uEkwfyef;rsm;jzifh zGJ@pnf;xm;onfu pxm;vdkufonf? tdrft0ift0 ausmufom; avSum;xpfESihf
avSum;. ab;b,fnm eH&Hwav#mufwGif yef;ynm&Sifwkd@. jc,forGrf;rHr_ twwfjzifh tdrfukd
cef@xnfapcJah vonf? tdrt f wGi;f ydik ;f &Sd taqmifaqmif tcef;cef;onfum; ykI d yif Ek&v G yS a=umhviG f
aeavawmhonf? oyfcwfoyf,yfrE_ iS fh trGet f oef@u cef@xnfrx _ ufyudk x
J m;onf? xd&ufp&mr&S?d
acsmnufajymifvufaeaom =urf;jyifu cl;azm. ae@pOftxyfxyf yGwfwdkufoef@pifr_
a=umifh rSef&dyfxaeonf? rSef&dyf=urf;jyifay:wGif jzwfav#mufoGm;olwdkif;/ ol@t&dyfukd jyefjrif&onf?
vloef@/ vlcef@/ vl,Ofaus;wd@k aexdik &f m &dyo f m eef;awmf? qef;=u,fap&ef cs,o f xm;onfh eef;awmf?
tdrf.atmufxyf&Sd cl;azm. tdyfcef;twGif;odk@ olaX;u a&mufvmum t"rRðyusifhonfh
tcsdefwGif onfeef;awmf&dyfomonf awm}uD;jrufrnf;twGif;odk@ wc%rSmyif ajymif;vJ oGm;awmh
onf? trSeu f ,cifuwnf;uyif awm}uD;jrufrnf;? arSm±f akH wm/ rm,mawmwGif cl;azmuJo h @kd aom
om;aumiforifi,frsm;tjzpf t"rR zefwD;ypfvdkufonfhtwGuf onfawm}uD; jrufrnf;xJrSmyif
cvkwfxd ql;+idcJh=u+yD;jzpfonf? tjyifu=unfhv#if cef@xnfqef;=u,feef;awmf}uD;aygh? cl;azmonf
onft±kdif;awm arSmf±HkawmwGif vlpifppfu orifi,frjzpfcJh&avonf? qH+rdwfvnf;ajy/ yef;vnf;
aºuGcJh&+yDaum?
vrf;wav#muf rif;a&$O;D pdwt f awG;xJwiG f usm;±dik ;f u orifurdk &ru vdu k zf rf;aeyH/k aemufq;kH
orifukd ckeftkyfvdkuf+yD; qGJ,rf;um cJxm;onfh±kyfyHkjrifuGif;ukdom awG@ae&avonf? xdkjrifuGif;ukd
xyfawG@&ef onf;rcHEkdifawmh? acgif;ukd ±kwfw&ufcg&rf;um aumif;uifjymukd armh=unhfvdkufonf?
“xGufoGm; æ xGufoGm;prf; æ xGufoGm; ”
rESpòf rdŒp&m cHjyif;ajcmufjcm;zG,&f m ±kyyf jkH rifuiG ;f rsm;ukd armif;xkwv f u kd pf Of pdwv f u kd rf mefyg
yGifhxGufvmjcif;jzpfonf? rif;a&$OD;u xdkuJhod@k atmfaigufESifxkwfvdkufpOf ol@teD;wGif uyfvsuf
ygvmonfh rsKd;aemifu ol@udk zrf;qGJxm;vdkufonf?
73
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

“pdwfukdxdef;xm; rif;a&$OD; æ pdwfvGwfukd,fvGwf jzpfroGm;apeJ@ æ igwdk@vkyf&rSmawG

trsm;}uD;yJ æ ydkrsm;vmw,f æ acgif;at;at;eJ@ pOf;pm;+yD;vkyf&r,f æ ”
rsKd;aemifu azsmif;zsajymqdkaomfvnf; rif;a&$OD; bmwckrS r=um;awmh? r=um;Ekdifawmh?
usm;uko d wf&r,f æ? tJ'u D sm;ipOf;vJukd ESyd u
f yG &f r,f æ igch spo
f u l dk owfcw hJ uhJ sm;ukd aoap&r,f æ
qdok nfah 'gou rif;a&$O;D b0udk pwif avmifu|r;f ae+yDaum? olq;kH jzwfcsucf soo H nf &if. teuf±id_ ;f
qHk;ae&mqDrS v_dif;vdyfrsm;ES,f w&dyf&dyf ajy;wuf ±dkufcwffvmojzifh &ifwckvHk;onf xdkv_dif;oHjzifh
[def;nHaeavawmhonf?
“ukdaemif usaemfhae&mu cHpm;=unfhprf;yg æ cHpm;EkdifrSmyg æ usaemf pGJvrf;jrwfEdk;cJhwJh
cspfol æ usaemf odyfcspfcJh&wJh cspfol æ tckawmh usaemfol@ukd vufv$wfqHk;±_H;vdkuf&+yD æ b,fvdk
qHk;±_H;r_eJ@rS rwlwJh qHk;±_H;r_ æ tck olu tapmfum;cHvdkuf&+yD æ usm;pm;cHvdkuf&+yD æ odyfoem;
p&maumif;w,fAsm æ ukdaemif&,f æ ±kd;toef@pifwJhb0ukd tjrwfvJxkwfao; æ zsufqD; ypfvdkuf
ao; æ aemufqHk;owfypfvdkufw,f æ? tckolao+yD æ cl;azmukd usaemfb,fvdk u,fwif&rvJ æ
ukdaemif æ usaemfol@ukd b,fvdktouf&Sifatmif vkyf&rvJ æ?” &ifxJwGif rif;a&$OD; toHwdwfjzifh
ajymaeojzifh ukdrsKd;aemif =um;EkdifrSmr[kwf? &ifwGifqdk@eifhum ±_dufoHu txyfxyf ±dkufcwfvmae
avonf? wvSrf;+yD;wvSrf; av#mufvSrf;aeonfh ajcaxmufajczrdk;ay:odk@ rsuf&nfpufrsm;
pD;usvmaeonf?
cl;azma& æ rif;b0 toufpaw;cH&wJh tJ'u D sm;awGaewJh taqmuftOD;[m rD;avmify;kH
ESpfyHk;pm r&Sdygbl; æ aemufwvrSm jymyHkjzpfoGm;ap&r,f æ olwdk@ukd igudk,fwkdif rD;avmifwdkuf
oGif;vdkufyghr,fæ cl;azmeJ@ighvdkyJ æ olwdk@vJ tvm;wl rD;avmifwkduf toGif;cHvdkuf&ovdk cHpm;
ap&r,f æ? txyfxyf wif;}uyfwkyfpnf;xm;aom ±_dufoHrsm;u wc%wGif aysmufuG,f oGm;um
rmef w if ; oH r sm;jzpf o G m ;ae+yD ? pd w f t jrif t m±H k x J w G i f rD ; avmif w d k u f u k d awG @ vd k u f & onf ?
usm;ESihfusm;avSmiftdrf taqmuftOD;eef;awmf}uD;udk rD;nGef@rD;EG,f rD;yifv,frsm;u wpxufwp
ukdufjzwf0g;pm;aeyHk/ usm;ipOf;vJonf xdkrD;yifv,fxJwGif rD;pGJavmif ajy;vGm;aeyHkwdk@ukd pdwf
tm±HkxJwGif jrifae&avonf?
udkaemifæ ausmif;om;wyfrawmf wyfOD;udkusaemf0ifzdk@æ wyfOD;udkusaemfoGm;zdk@ ydk+yD;
aocsmoGm;yg+yD æ cdkifrmoGm;yg+yD æ udkaemifajymovdkygyJav æ usaemfwdk@b0awG vGwfajrmufzdk@
awmfvSefa&;yJ &Sdawmhw,f æ awmfvSefa&;wyfOD;qDudk usaemfoGm;rSmyg æ a[m'Dusm;&JawG
aexdkifpHaysmf&mtdrfeJ@ usm;&JawGudk jymcs+yD;rS wyfOD;udkoGm;yg&ap æ udkaemif æ ?
ol@&ifxJrSmyJ xdktoHawGu vd_if;xum yJhwifaeavonf? ±kwfw&uf aysmufysufroGm;bJ
wd;k n‡i;f oGm;vdu k f [de;f nHomG ;vdu
k ?f toH tedr@f tjrifh v_id ;f xaepOfyJ æ cl;azmol@aemufu ajy;vdu k f
vmonfh±kyfyHkudk awG@&jyefonf? udkOD;a&æ udkrif;a&$OD;a&æ vdkufvmcJh+yDavæ b,fudkoGm;oGm; æ
udkOD;eJ@twl vdkufcJhr,f[kqdkum ajy;vdkufvmaeonfh cl;azm? pdwftawG;jzifh ol@em;xJwGif oJhoJh
=um;vdkuf&onf? cyfa0;a0;qDrS ajy;vdkufvm&if; tiftm;jzifh [pfatmfaeonfhtoH? ol@ajcvSrf;udk
wkH@ueJ &yfrdvsufom;jzpfoGm;onf? bmrSrawG@& ? bmrSvJ r=um;&awmh? udkaemifu rif;a&$OD;
ycHk;udk qGJxm;rdvsufom;jzpfoGm;onf? ESpfa,mufom; c%r# wHk@&yfoGm;=ujyD; vrf; qufav#muf
74
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

=uonf? cl;azmaowmr[kwfbJ wu,fvdkufvmcJh&if b,favmufaumif;vdkufrvJ æ [k

jzpfcsifonfudk awmifhwrdvdkufonf? vrf;u ajynDajzmifhpif; aeaomfvnf; ausmufawmifjrifh
}uD;ay:odk@ wvSrf;csif; vSrf;wufae&ovdk armvd_ufum &ifqdk@aeavonf? ,ckvnf; pdwfylyefr_
tawG;rsm;u 0JvSnfhvmaejyef+yDavæ ?

3
atmif r d k ; . yif h o uf t arm
vrf;ray:odk@ xdk;xGufaeonfh opfudkif;/ opfcuf/ opf&Gufwdk@=um;rS jzmqif;usvmaeonfh
aejcnf yef;p=umuGufrsm;udk eif;ausmfjzwfvmcJhonf? atmifrkd;tawG;rsm;uvnf; 0JvSnfhcsmvnf
aeonfh a&GŒvsm;yef;ZmuGufrsm;ES,f wzsyfzsyf ul;ajymif;aeonf? cl;azm? +yD;awmh vrf;ray:vGif
twlwuG vrf;av#mufaeqJ teD;wGifuyfygvmaeqJ rif;a&$OD;? udkrsdK;aemif? +yD;awmh &Gmutrdk;ESifh
zxD;? pdwftawG;xJwGif trdk;ESifhtzGm;udk xyfjyefwvJvJ awG@ae&onf? a&SŒoGm;awG wacsmif;rS
r&Sdawmhojzifh oGm;óud;rJhrJh wGef@vdyf±_HŒwGaeaom E_wfcrf;ESpfv$m=um;rS uGrf;aoG;rsm;u t+rJvdkvdk
pD;usaewwfonf? qHjzLu oef;p? vufjyifa=umawG ukef;p? trdk;udk jrifawG@&avonf?
“zdk;cGm;aemf æ atmifrdk;aemf æ eifhESr cl;azmudk apmifha&Smufaemfæ at; 'gyJajymr,f æ
aumifav; æ eifhESrudk tjrifrawmfwm&Sd&if qHk;raemf æ =um;vm; atmifrdk; æ ”
trdk;}uD;a& æ trdk;a&? usaemfb,fvdk ajym&rvJ trdk;&JŒ? [pfvdk@om atmfvdkufcsifw,f?
b,fvdkvkyf+yD; ajymjy&yghrvJ? &ifxJwGif v#HxGufqdk@wufvmonfh pum;vHk;awGu E_wfzsm;tpGef;xd
wd;k wdu
k f xGuv f maeonf? eifEh rS cl;azmudk ab;roD&efrc&atmif apmifah ±_mufvu kd yf gO;D qd+k yD; woo
wzGzG rSm=um;cJhonfh trdk;wdk@ zxD;wdk@udk b,fvdkajymjy&yghrvJ? ol@pdwfwGifxdcdkuf n‡dK;usvmae
avonf? aemufvqdkv#if trdk;}uD;u aomif&if;jrpf ta&SŒbufjcrf;&Sd Te,fpyf òrdŒuav;odk@
a&mufvmawmhrnf? ol@orD;axG;av; cl;azmudk vmawG@rnf[k vl}uKHESifh owif;yg;cJh+yD;jzpfonf?
trdk;a&;vdkufonfh xdkpmudk &&Sdxm;cJh+yD;jzpfonf? trdk;a&mufvmv#ifvnf; olwdk@oHk;a,mufaeonfh
tdrfrSmyJ wnf;ckdrSmjzpfonf? cl;azmu tdrf&Sif.cGifhjyKcsuf &v#if&ovdk trdk;udkvmawG@rSmjzpfonf?
rdom;pk jyefqHk=ucdkuf a&S;jzpfaemufa=umif;awG ajym=u/ &,farm=u/ wdkifyif=urnf?
trd;k }uD; q,fah v;ig;&ufaexdik pf Of tdycf ef;wGif trd;k wd@k om;trdukd tdyaf prnf? udrk sKd ;aemif/
rif;a&$O;D ESio
hf u
l tdraf &SŒtcef;wGif tdy=f urnf? pm;p&dwu f bmrSjy\emr&S?d oH;k a,mufom; Tok@d
pDpOfxm;+yD;om;? rif;a&$OD;u a,muQravmif;udk awG@&awmhrnf? cl;azmudkvnf; awG@&awmhrnf[k
jrL;aomhaomhajymum aysmfaecJhao;onf r[kwfvm;? udkrsdK;aemifuvGJv#if olwdk@tm;vHk;u we,f
xJom;awG? rcifwdk;ESifhcl;azmu w&GmxJom;awG? bef@ayG;ukef;&Gmom;awG? bef@ayG;ukef;&Gmu rkaemf
tysKd rawG? atmifr;kd u bef@ayG;uke;f &GmESihf uyfvsuo f m; ysO;f ryif&mG rSjzpfonf? rif;a&$O;D u vdi_ ;f bG@J u
jzpfonf? òrdŒe,fcsif;awmhrwlawmh? odk@aomf u&ifjynfe,frS u&iftrsdK;om;awG? udkrsdK;aemifu
ajrvwfom;? awmifwiG ;f }uD;e,fu? rwlnaD om e,fajra'orS a&mufvmcJ=h uum jrpf.ta&SŒbuf
urf;ajcay:&Sd e,fjcm;òrdŒuav;wGif qHkqnf;cJh=uonf? onfòrdŒuav;odk@ a&mufvmvdrfhrnf[k
tdyfrufawmif rrufcJhzl;? b,folurS óudwifedrdwfrzwfcJh?
75
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

udkrsdK;aemifajymaeus pum;udk ,ckc%rSmyJ jyefvnf=um;a,mifaejyefonf? ol@ab;wGif

uyfvsufom; twlwl av#mufaeonfh udkrsdK;aemifudk wcsufuGufceJ vSnfh=unfhrdvsufom;
jzpfoGm;onf?
“zufqpftm%m&Sipf epfe@J zufqpfppftyk pf u k igw@kd ukd ta&SŒbufurf;ay: wify@kd vu kd w
f m
æ e,fpyfa'o toD;oD;ay: wifydk@vkdufwm æ w&m;cH vufonfuawmh olwdk@yJæ igwdk@ aexdkif&m
e,fajra'oawGjcm;em;ygap æ zufqpf awG&JŒvufatmufrSm twlwlyJcHpm;ae=uwmæ '%f&m
'%fcsufawGu twlwlyJæ ajymr,fqdk rif;wdk@u&ifjynfe,fu u&iftrsdK;om; vlxkawG &&SdcJhwJh
'%f&mawGu jynfwGif;u igwdk@&&Sdxm;wJh '%f&mawGxuf jyif;xefw,f æ }uD;rm;w,f æ zufqpf
ppftkyfpkrSm &SdaewJh r[mArmvlrsdK;}uD;0g'eJ@ jynfwGif;ppfudk u&ifjynfe,f[m ESpfaygif; ig;q,fausmf
cg;pnf;cHaecJh&vdk@yJ? '%f&mtxyfxyf wif;=urf;aewJhb0wlawG 'DòrdŒrSm vmqHk cJh=uwmygav æ”
[kapmapmu yJhwifoHtwdkif;xyfI ajymrdonf? olwdk@oHk;a,mufaeaom onftdrfuav;okd@
udkrsdK;aemif a&mufvmcJhonf? udkrsdK;aemifra&mufrDu olwdk@ twlaecJh=uonf? xdkpOfu cl;azmu
tvkyfrvkyf&ao;? onftdrfrSmyJ twlaecJh=uonf? oHk;a,muf pkaygif;aexdkifcJh=upOf cl;azmu
rif;a&$O;D tcspu f kd vufceH m;vnf&if; cspo f w
l @kd b0udk &&Scd jhJ cif;jzpfonf? cl;azmxHrS t=uifemv$r;f onfh
tcspfudk &&SdonfhtcsdefwGif rif;a&$OD; rdk;ESifhajrudkyif rjrifEdkifawmh? b0u cuf=urf;ojzifh tcspfu
aysmhaysmif;nifomr_udk ay;avonf? b0u rESpfòrdŒzG,f cufxa&mfoavmuf tcspfu wG,fruf
jrwfEkd;r_wdk@udk ay;a0avonf? 'ga=umifhyif b0udk ydkIwyfrufum tiftm; jznfhwif;ay;avonf?
olw@kd EpS af ,muf. cspo f b
l 0ukd =unhu
f m =unfE;l cJoh nfu atmifr;kd ? csr;f ajrŒaysm&f iG cf o hJ rl mS atmifr;kd ?
rif;a&$OD;ukd r=umc%ajymrdonf? cl;azma&SŒrSmvnf; ajymrdonf? “a[haumif a,mufzaemf æ
ighESrukd tEdkifrusifheJ@ æ ausmcdkif;rxm;eJ@aemf æ a[haumif” toHukd jr‡ifhum rmwif;wif;ajymavh
aemufavh&Sdonf?
“azmudk igcspfwm tEkdifusifhzdk@/ ausmcdkif;xm;cJhzdk@ oufoufr[kwf&ygbl; a,mufz&,fæ
eifhESrudkigcspfwm eifhvdkyJapmifha&Smufzdk@ æ +yD;awmh xm0& wjrwfwEkd;eJ@cspfoGm;zdk@ æ”
rif;a&$OD;u ol@cspfoludk“azm”[lI tzsm;qGwfac:aomfvnf; tonf;ESvHk;. teuf±_dif;
qHk;ae&mwGif cdkifcsnf av;eufavonf? wu,fu nDrav;wa,mufvdk oem;rd&muae pcJhonfh
tcsp?f aemufawmh rif;a&$O;D . tcspu f kd atmifr;kd wu,f,=kH unfco hJ nf? olw@kd EpS af ,mufu=kd unfu h m
&GmrSmusefcJhonfh cspfol aemfxl;udk vGrf;waewwfaeonf?
aemufawmh onftdrfuav;wGif udkrsdK;aemifa&mufvmcJhonf? &cdkifawmfvSefa&;wyfu
udak usmo f mESihf udrk sKd ;aemifu aqmufvyk af &; vkyif ef;wckxu J vkyaf zmfuikd zf ufawG? vuform;awG?
rif;a&$O;D ESiahf tmifr;dk u xdak qmufvyk af &; vkyif ef;xJrmS bdvyfajrpyfo?l azsmo f ?l avmif;ol? wcgw&H
yef;&H? udkausmfom tvkyfoGif;ay;cJhojzifh olwdk@ESpfa,muf tvkyf&vmcJhonf? aemufawmh
udkausmfomESihf qufEG,fum ukdrsKd;aemifukd od=ucifrifcJh=uonf? udkrsKd;aemifonf tdrfuav;xJ&Sd
olwdk@oHk;a,muf. b0taqmufttHkxJodk@ 0ifvm+yD; wvt=umwGif rif;a&$OD;ESifh atmifrdk;wdk@
tvkyfðywfoGm;cJh=uonf? rw&m;cdkif;onhftvkyf&Sifukd onf;rcHEkdifawmhonfhtqHk; rif;a&$OD;u ckcH
wHk@jyefavh&Sdonf? atmifrdk;uyg rif;a&$OD;ESifhtwlvdkufI ckcHwHk@jyefwwfavonf? wae@wm
76
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

vkyt f m;cukd bwfaiGw&mtpm; ajcmufq,fy&J onf? tvkyv f yk cf sed u f &Spef m&Dqakd omfvnf; uk;d em&D
vkyf&onf? xdkukd;em&DtwGif; vlESpfa,mufvkyf&onfh tvkyfudk vkyfcdkif;jcif;jzpfonf? rif;a&$OD;u
ulvDacgif;ukd r#r#wwvkyfzdk@ cdkif;apzdk@ arwWm&yfcHonf? uefx±dkufwmolaX;ukd tvkyform;
rsm;epfemr_ukd ajymqdkjyonf? rif;a&$OD;ajymonfukd atmfaigufarmif;xkwfum acszsufypfonf/
rif;a&$OD;ESifh atmifrdk;u tvkyfuxGufvmcJhonf? tvkyf&Sif vkyfief;&Sifwkd@tóudufyJ? w&m;r0if
tvkyform;u 'DòrdŒuav;wGif vufndK;xdk;rvGJ? tvkyform;aps;uvnf; aygonf? vkyftm;aps;
aygonf? vlpm;0ifum vkyfief;xJa&mufvmolrSm bwfaiGajcmufq,ftpm; ig;q,fyJ&onf? Todk@
jzifh tvkyf&Sif vkyfief;&Sifuav;rSm u|Ju qifjzpfvmcJhonf? tqrwefaps;E_ef;jzifh vkyftm;ukd
a&mif;pm;ae=u&onfh rif;a&$O;D wk@d vkd Armjynfvx l u
k w&m;cHzufqpfudk rke;f wD;pufqw k af omfvnf;
,dk;',m;vkyfief;&Sif t&if;&Sift}uD;pm; tao;pm;rsm;pGmu Armzufqpfukd cspfcifESpfouf
=uavonf? ArmjynfromtdrfrSm avmifrD;us rD;awmufav/ ,dk;',m; vkyfief;&SifawG zJvdrf±dkufvdk@
aumif;avav/ qlòzd;a0pnfav?
rif;a&$OD;/ cl;azmESifh atmifrdk;wdk@ wvausmfausmf tvkyfvufrJhjzpfae=upOf udkrsKd;aemifu
tm;vH;k . aexdik pf m;aomufr_ p&dwrf eS o f r#ukd wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? '%f&mwl b0wljcif; tepfemcHonhf
twGuf/ arwWmapwemrGef oef@onfhtwGuf ol@tm; tudk}uD;wa,mufuJhokd@ olwkd@ cspfcifav;pm;
cJh=uonf? udkaemifvdk@bJ ac:=uonf? cl;azmuawmh ukdaemifukd OD;aemifwJh/ OD;aemifu aemfcl;azm
trnfukd Armvdkw0ufbmomjyef+yD; “rryef;” [k &$wfaemufaemuf ac:wwfavonf? “rryef;&JŒ
anmifzl; wmvaygh[if;ukdawmh OD;aemifb,faomtcgrS arhEkdifrSm r[kwfa=umif;yg cifAsmæ” [lI
ajymwkdif; cl;azmu waomaom&,farmum “OD;aemifrdef;r,l&if u&ifr&Sm,l æ wmvaygh[if;
t+rJpm;&vdrfhr,f æ” jyefajymavh&Sdonf? cl;azmu toufti,fqHk;? ol@ukd 0dkif;+yD;p=u aemuf=u?
t=uifemESifh nDrav;vdkcspf=u? ol@toH qnf;vnf;oHjzifh omawmifhom,m&SdcJh=uonf? cl;azmu
wu,fvnf; yef;wyGifhe,f vSyvef;qwfaeavonf? rif;a&$OD;u “azm” [kqdkum xdkyef;yGifhukdf
&ifxJwGif yefqifxm;ol?
,ckolwdk@. &dyfòrHuav;onf ykdif;jywfòyduGJoGm;cJhav+yDaum? atmifrdk;&ifxJwGif tylvGef
tawG;rsm;u tyfzsm; wae&mpmrusefatmif zdpD;xm;av+yD? ajcrukdifrd vufrukdifrd? bmvkyfvkd@
vky&f rSe;f rodawmh? trd;k udk b,fvakd jymjy&rvJ? xdak r;cGeu f ol@ut dk xyfxyf ar;cJah vonf? tdru f dk
a&mufa&mufcsif; ukdaemifhukdwdkifyif&vdfrfhr,f?
'DòrdŒrSmzG@J xm;onfh u&iftpnf;t±H;k uaum bmulnED ikd rf mS vnf;? tm;rvkt d m;r&jzpfum
pdwfxJwGif ar;=unhfrdonf? bmvkyfay;EdkifrSmvJ? trSefw&m;ukd azmfxkwf+yD; vlowfaumif rk'def;
aumifudk qGx J w k af y;Edik rf mS vm;? rodusK;d u|eðf y+y;D aeomovdak erSmvm;? wu,fu 'DòrŒd &Sd u&iftrsK;d om;
tpnf;t±Hk;ukd,fwdkifu w&m;r0ifaexdkifoleJ@ zGJ@pnf;xm;wJh w&m;r0iftzGJ@tpnf;? ,dk;',m;ajr
ay:wGif ajz&Si;f ray;Ekid ?f u&iftrsK;d om; tcsi;f csi;f =um;wGif jzpfay:vmcJo h nhf vlra_ &;jy\em tao;
tr$m;uko d m =um;cHzseaf jzay;Ekid ±f u kH vGv
J @kd tjcm;pGr;f aqmifay;Ekid o
f nhf tajctae rsK;d r&S?d ru,fEidk /f rulEidk cf ?hJ
vrf;ray:wGif vrf;av#mufae&if; ol@&ifukd yifhoufarmatmif xdkar;cGef;rsm;u jrm;tjzpf
0ifpl;vmavonf? wcgw&H wdkif;a&;jynfa&; EkdifiHa&;aqG;aEG;=upOftckduf tawG;rsm;/ ar;cGef;rsm;
77
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

xJwGif atmifrdk;epfaewufonf? ukdaemif ajymIr[kwf? b0u oif=um;jyo+yD;om;? pepfqdk;udk

rzsufodrf;ao;or# b0awG[mvnf; tckvdkyJ usKd;ausysufqD; ae&rSmyJ? tckvdkrsufESmi,f&rSmyJ?
vlwvHk; olwvHk; vlpifrDwJhb0 b,fawmhrS &rSmr[kwfbl;? b0u oif=um;+yD;om;? xdk tod
w&m;rsm;ukd xif&Sm;vmap&ef aqG;aEG;onfhtcgwdkif; udkaemifu rSefcsyfaxmifjyay;ol? atmifrdk;
oufjyif;ukd r#i;f r#i;f csrv
d u
kd o
f nf? “ukad emifajymovdyk gyJ æ ajr}uD;vufcwfrvGyJ gb;l æ awmfveS af &;
rvkyfor# bmrSajymif;vJrSm r[kwfbl;? b0awGudk ajymif;vJypfzdk@ awmfvSef=u&r,f æ rvGJraoG
vkyfukdvkyf&awmhr,f æ rkaemftysKdrawG æ cl;azmawG paw;cH+yD;ay;cJhwJh b0zwfpm æ cl;azmu
ol@b0eJ@&if;+yD; ay;cJhwJhzwfpm æ”
xdkokd@yif atmifrdk; wzGzGajym=unfhaeonf? cl;azmaooGm;+yD? bmvkyf&rvJæ? xdkuJhodk@
aom tvm;wlar;cGef;awG a&mufrvmawmh? ESri,fwa,mufvdk cspfcJhonfhcl;azmu tckol
tpaw;cHvdkuf&+yD? cl;azmESifh cl;azmaygif;rsm;pGmtwGuf vGwfajrmufatmif óud;pm;ayawmhæ
jynfwGif;ukdjyef0if+yD; vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf óud;pm;ayawmh[k ajymonfukd oJhoJh=um;aeovdkyJ
cHpm;odjrifvmcJhonf? cl;azmu ol@ukdukdifv_yfaeovdk cHpm;ae&onf? wyfOD;&Sd&mukd igwdk@oGm;=ur,f
æ oGm;=u&r,fvdk@ ajymcJhwmukd cl;azmxyf+yD; owday;aeovdk jzpfaeygvm; æ?
vrf;ray:odk@ xdk;usaeonfh aejcnfyef;p}umuGufrsm;ukd eif;ausmfjzwfvmcJhonf? 0JvSnfh
jcmvnfaeonfh yef;ZmuGufrsm;ES,f tawG;awGu wzsyfzsyful;ajymif;vmaecJhonf?

4
rsKd ; aemif . euf ± _ d i f ; tawG ;
“OD;aemifa& æ trdk;wkd@zxD;wdk@ukdvGrf;vS+yD æ &GmukdjyefcsifvS+yD æ wacgufavmufjyef&&if
tvGrf;ajyyg+yD æ u&ifjynfe,fukd vGrf;w,fOD;aemif&,f æ ajymprf;ygtHk; æ OD;aemifaumrvGrf;bl;
vm; æ ODaemif&JŒ taz/ tarawGuawmh OD;aemifudkvGrf;aerSmygyJ æ”
tenfxdkifaeaom tvGrf;ukd rkaemfu xdkokd@yifv_yfcgay;avh&Sdonf? ,ck rkaemf r&Sdawmh
onfhtcg rkaemf. &,farmajymqdkoHawGu &ifxJwGif udef;atmif;cdkwG,fae&mrS Edk;x vmcJhonf?
olw@kd o;kH a,mufEiS hf onftrd rf mS yJ qHak wG@=u&onf? b0wlpmemcHpm;r_u oHa,mZOf tcspu f kd arG;zGm;
ay;cJhum olwdk@av;a,mufukd pkpnf;aESmifcsnf &pfywfxm;cJhavonf?
rsKd;aemifu bk&m;oHk;qla'owGif zGJ@pnf;xm;onfh ausmif;om;wyfOD;u tzGJ@0if? trsKd;
tpm;aumif;onhf awmfveS af &;wyfwwyfudk wnfaqmufysK;d axmifvo kd nhf awmfveS af &; tiftm;pk
rsm;onf wyf&if;(101)rS cGJxGufvm=uum wyf&if;topfwck xlaxmifvdkuf=uonf? xdkpOfu
rsKd;aemifu twufºuGqHk;yg0ifcJhol? awmfvSefa&;wyf wnfaqmufonhf tcgwGifvnf; a&SŒwef;u
yg0ifco hJ nf&h aJ bmf? wifp;kd aemif/ wifp;kd armifEiS hf r=um;c%vlrmS ;cH&onf? xdn
k t D uku d wyf&if;a[mif;
wGif use&f pfc+hJ y?D olursK;d aemif? a&SŒwef;wGif zufqpfetzwyfudk txyfxyf wku d cf b hJ ;l onf?
wyfaumfrwDu &Jabmfo;kH OD;ukd a&G;cs,pf pD pfum vlx=k um;xJ apv$wcf o hJ nf? awmfveS af &;
wyfom;opf pkaqmif;&ef/ pnf;±Hk;a&;qif;&eftwGuf apv$wfcJhonf? wyfaumfrwDu vlyJcsay;onf?
aumfrwDOuUXESihf twGif;a&;rSL;u pdwfwdkif;us a&G;cs,fcJhjcif;jzpfonf? txl;ojzifh t&uf/ zJ/
78
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

jynfhwefqm. aus;u|efrjzpfzdk@? vlxkxJwGif &Sifoefv_yf&Sm;aernfh &Jabmfukda&G;cs,fcJh&m rsKd;aemifu

vufa&G;pifxJrSm ygvmcJhonf? ol@udk Te,fpyfòrdŒuav;odk@ ykd@v$wfcJhonf? vlxkawG vGwfajrmufzdk@
jzpfwJhtwGuf vlxkawGyg yg0ifvmzdk@vdkonf? vlxkawGyg0ifvmrS atmifyGJukd &,lEkdifrSmjzpfonf?
twGif;a&;rSL;u oabmw&m;oifwef; ay;onf? “a&mufwJht&yfrSm awmfvSefa&;orm;qdkwm
ypfwkdif;axmifvdk axmifae&r,f&Jabmf ” [k txyfxyfrSm=um;onf? vlxkukdrapmfum;zdk@/ vlxk&JŒ
taptyg; EGm;ozG,fjzpfaezdk@/ awmfvSefa&;tawG;tac:ukd qufvufavhvm wnfaqmufzdk@/
EkdifiHa&;ukd tqufrjywfavhvmzdk@ ol@&ifwGif;wGif udef;atmif;rSwfom;rdap&ef acgif;aqmifu
yHkoGif;xkqpfcJhavonf?
TòrdŒuav;od@k ola&mufvmcJo h nf? wyf&if;rS xGuv f mcJph Of vpf[moGm;aom pnf;±H;k a&;
wm0ef,lcJhonfh &JabmfoHk;a,mufae&mwGif wESpftwGif; wyfom;topfrsm; tpm;xdk;vm EkdifcJh
avonf? ppftm%m&Sifpepfu vlxkb0 todef;toef;udk zsufqD;cJh+yD;+yD? zdESdyfppfv_dif;vdyfrsm;u
vlxak wGudk ta&SŒbufurf;ajcrsm;qD wGe;f wifxm;cJah vonf? awmfveS af &;wyfom;opf t&if;tjrpf
rsm;u xdkemusifaeaom vlxkyifjzpfaeavonf? jynfolvlxkawGxJ pdrfh0if&efvdkonf? xdk@a=umihfh
atmifrdk;ukd ola&G;cs,fcJhonf? wESpftwGif;rSm aiGpkaqmif; rdom;pkawGxH jyefydk@+yD;onfESifh awmfvSef
a&;wyfOD; &Sd&modk@ rif;a&$OD;ESifh rkaemfwdk@oGm;=urnf? atmifrdk;u ol@e,fol@a'oodk@ jyefrnf? wyfOD;.
a&aomufjrpftjzpfESifh ol@a'o&Sd vlxkxJwGif pdrfh0ifysHŒESH@aernf? 'gyJ?
,ckrl xdktpDtpOfonf ysufpD;qkwf,kwfoGm;+yDvm;? txl;ojzifh rif;a&GOD; pdwfajymif;
oGm;avrvm;? atmifrdk;uaum pdwfajymif;oGm;tHk;rSmvm;? 'De,fpyfòrdŒeJ@ ol@e,fajra'o/ wyfOD;eJ@
ol@e,fajra'o vGef;xdk;qufoG,fay;tHk;rvm;? rkaemftouf æ rkaemfb0 ausrGysufqD;jcif;eJ@twl
a&SŒvkyfrJh awmfvSefa&;tpDtpOfawG ysufpD;oGm;+yDvm;? wu,fawmh 'gawGukd jzwfoef;&rSmyJ?
"m;aumif;wvufjzpfzkd@ rD;em&vdrfhr,f? ayay:rSm txyfxyf txktaw cH&wmr[kwfvm;? wyfOD;
uxGufrvmrD twGif;a&;rSL;rSmcJhwmukd tckjyefvnf yJhwifxyf=um;a,mifaeqJ? awmfvSefa&;
orm;qdw k m ypfwikd ;f axmif jzpfae&r,f æ? cspo f u l dk qH;k ±H;_ vufvw
$ cf &hJ wJh rif;a&$O;D [m awmfveS af &;
ol&Jaumif;wOD; jzpfvm&vdrfhr,f? cl;azmaygif;rsm;pGmukd olwdk@&JŒcspfolawG/ armifawG/ tukdawGu/
OD;av;awGu qHk;±_H;cJh&+yD;+yDr[kwfvm;? vufonf w&m;cHawGukdyJ ckcHwkH@jyef&awmhr,f?
cspfolukd qHk;±_H;cJh&onfhtwGuf ol&Jaumif;jzpfvmcJhonfh paumhwfvef awmfvSefa&;
acgif;aqmif}uD;u ol@pdwfwGif zswfceJay:vmonf? paumhwfvef awmfvSefa&;orm; acgif;aqmif
0DvsHa0gvufpf±kyfyHkv$monf ±kyf&Sifydwfum;ay:rSmuJhodk@ wuGufjcif; ul;ajymif;oGm;aeavonf?
ol@cspo f ul dk e,fcsŒJ t*Fvyd pf pfwyfu tEdik u f sihf rk'ed ;f usio hf wfjzwfypfc=hJ uonf? cspo f .
l tavmif;ukd
ayG@zuf&mrS ajrjyifay:odk@tavmif;ukd jyefcsum &efol@wyfpcef;&Sd&mokd@ "m;qGJxGufvmcJhonf?
awmfvSefa&; pwifcJhav+yD? olonf aemifwGifxif&Sm;onfh paumhwfvef awmfvSefa&;orm; acgif;
aqmif}uD;jzpfvmcJhonf? &efole,fcsJŒu ol@ukdzrf;rdcJhonf? ol@ukdowf&ef vlxka&SarSmuf&Sd vlowf
uke;f vlowfpifay: qGaJ c:vmcJ=h uonf? &efou l ol@udk awmif;yefcikd ;f onf? usaemfrmS ;ygw,f/ oem;
ygAsm[k awmif;yefcdkif;onf? rawmif;yefygu e,fcsJŒvlowform;. "m;u ol@vnfyif;ay:
usvmawmhrnf? olurawmif;yefcJh? olwkd@paumhvlrsKd;awG tESpfESpftvv awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0if
79
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

awmfvSefcJhonfh vGwfvyfa&;ukdom [pfaºuG;awmif;qdkvdkufonf?“z&D;'ef;”? igwdk@vdkcsifwm

vGwfvyfa&;yJa[h? "m;oGm;onf ol@vnfyif;ay:odk@ t[kefjzihf usa&mufvmcJhonf? óud;pifay:rS
[pfaºuG;vdkufonfh vGwfvyfa&;onf paumhwfvifjynfolrsm;ukdygru vGwfvyfa&;ukd rGwfodyfol/
vGwv f yfrr_ &Syd J aESmifóud;txyfxyf wif;aESmif wkwcf snx
f m;jcif; cH&olrsm;. b0qD/ tonf;ESv;kH qD/
±du
k cf wf yJw
h ifxyfaecJah vonf? ajymifajrmufaom paumhwv f iftmZmenf ol&aJ umif; acgi;f aqmif
}uD; 0DvsaH 0gvufpf &ifacgi;f wGi;f u tm;uke[ f pfaºuG; awmif;qdvk ukd o
f nfh vGwv
f yfa&;onf ol@&ifwiG f
yJhwifxyfusefcJhonf?
toufESihfxyfwl cspfcJh&onhfcspfol? t"rRrk'def;usifh owfjzwfjcif;cHcJh&I awmfvSefa&;
orm;jzpfvmcJhonhf paumhwfvif awmfvSefa&;orm;.ae&mwGif rif;a&$OD;u a&mufvmcJh+yD?
vGwfvyfr_r&Sdjcif;. qdk;usKd;&v'fum; wckwnf;ESifh+yD;roGm;? tqifhqifh txyfxyf qdk;usKd;aygif;
rsm;pGmukd vufcH,laecJh&avonf? jiif;y,fIr&? qif;&J=uyfwnf;iwfrGwf/ vGwfvyfr_r&Sd/ a&r=unf
jrufrEk/ ppf'%foifh/ e,fpyfxGufajy;vm=u&/ ,dk;',m;ajrxJwGif rw&m;r_aygif;rsm;pGmukd cg;pnf;
cHcJh&? tqifhqifhtxyfxyf? b0oacFsrSm a=uuGJIyifrqHk;Ekdifawmh? wu,fusawmh ylaqG;r_
jrpfra&pD;xJrSm yef;aºuGyGifhtvm; pD;arsmaeIr&? 'DrSmyJ &yfwef@ed*Hk;qHk;Irjzpfao;?
ukdrsKd;aemif. pdwftawG;xJwGif rif;a&$OD;eJ@atmifrdk;wdk@vnf; emusnf;cg;oD;vSpGm pepf
ajymif;vJolawG jzpfvmvdrfhrnf[k awG;=unfhaerdjyefonf? rif;a&$OD;aum atmifrdk;yg onf;tljywfr#
a=urGyJhpifonfhcHpm;r_ukd &ifESihfrqHhatmif cHpm;ae=u&vdrfhrnf? aygufuGJI ae=uayvdrfhOD;rnf?
tdrfukdjyefa&mufvdk@ wHcg;zGifhvdkufonfESifhwòydifeuf olwdk@aygufuGJ=ua&mhrnf? ae@ae@nn puUef@
em&Drsm;wGif aqG;ajrŒr_rsm;u epf0ifaeayvdrfhrnf? rsKd;aemifu [dk;ta0; rdk;ukwfpuf0dkif;qD vSrf;ai;
=unfhonfæ? 'DcHpm;r_awGu olwdk@b0awGukd ajymif;vJypfvdrfhr,f æ? xdkpum;vHk;awGu ol@E_wfcrf;
ESpfvGmukd 0ifwdk;aeavonf? [def;xGufvmaom wHcg;zGifhoHu ol@tawG;yHk&dyfrsm;ukd jzwfawmuf
zsufqD;ypfvdkufonf? tdrfwHcg;udk rif;a&$OD;ESifh atmifrdk;wdk@ òydifwlaqmihfum zGifhrdv#ufom;
jzpfoGm;onf? tdrfxJarSmif&dyfpGef;wGif r&SdEkdifrawG@Edkifawmhrnfh cl;azmukd wprf;0g;0g; &Sm=unhf
rdao;onf? rawG@Ekdifawmh? woufvHk; awG@EkdifrSmr[kwfawmh? &if.axmifhwaxmifh wae&mrSmyJ
&SmazGawG@&SdEkdifrSm jzpfonf? rif;a&$OD;onf tdrfxJa&mufonfESihf wm;qD; wkwfqnfxm;cJhaom
idk±_dufoHa&wHcGefudk zGifhtHcsvdkufavonf? udkrsKd;aemifu rif;a&$OD;ukd ol@&ifwGiftyfum ayG@xm;
vdkufonf? “azm æ a& æ ighESvHk;om;awG uGJa=uukef+yD”atmifrdk;u ol@tdyf,may:wGif óud;jywf
oGm;aom ±kyfao;±kyfjzpfoGm;aeavonf? tcdkuftwef@wGifawmh a=uuGJr_ ±kyfao;±kyf/ óud;jyuf
±kyfao;±kyfawG jzpfaeayvdrhfOD;rnf?

Ò Ò Ò

{+yD 13 / 2004
opPmr*~Zif; trSwf (9) arv/ 2006

80
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arSmf vu
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1

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onf;? nmbuf vufig;acsmif;rSmu pdefyGifh usaemfaumfxw k af y;&rvm; æ rrajcpG,af wGu
awG e J @ csnf ; qif x m;wm? b,f b uf v uf ig; temjzpf a e+yD æ tJ ' D a jcpG , f a wG u k d usaemf
acsmif;rSmu ausmufyGifhawGeJ@ wrifjc,foxm; aumfxkwfay;csifw,f”?
wm? ewfyef;csDv@dk ajym&avmufatmif vSywJh nurufcJhwJh tdyfrufukd jyefvnf
vufonf;awG? wòzd;òzd;wzsyfzsyfeJ@ 0if;vuf awG;awm ai;armae&mu roif;rdk; vef@Edk;oGm;
awmufyaewJh vufonf;awG&JŒ tvStyawG onf? wudk,fvHk; ausmufqpf±kyf jzpfae&mrS
a=umifh vufacsmif;awGyg vSoGm;awmhwmyJ? wkH@ceJ v_yfcwfoGm;onf?“tJ æ udkwdk;&,f
a&S;yHkjyifawGxJu yy0wDrif;orD;u ckESpfaqmif vef@vu kd wf m ”[k cyfw;kd wd;k a&&Gwrf jd cif;ESit hf wl
wdu k cf ef; rD;rxGe;f yJ vif;owJ?h ol@&ŒJ acsmif;vuf acgi;f ygcgxu G o f mG ;/ &ifvnf;xdwo f mG ;/ cE<mud, k f
oG,fawG vufonf;awGxuf tck ewfyef;csD wpfcv k ;kH touf0ifvmcJo h nf? od@k aomf tdyrf uf
aq;jc,fxm;wJh 'DvufawGu ydk+yD; vSvdrfhr,f uawmh ajy;xGufoGm;ESifh+yDaum? nurufcJh
xifyg&JŒ? onfh tdyrf ufxaJ &mufaecJo h jzifh armifav;udw k ;kd
ewfyef;csDqdkayrJh b,fewfu vm+yD; ol@tem; a&mufvmcJhonfudkvnf;rod? owd
tvSjc,fyghrvJ? *syefu a&mufvmwJhpufu rxm;rd? ol@a&SŒwGif ajcaxmufawGukd a&Smuf&nf
tvSjc,fay;wm? aemufqHk;ay: acwfrDpufeJ@ vdr;f aeaom nDrjzpfol oif;rsKd ;udv k nf; rodawmh?
tEkynmqefqef vufonf;awGay:rSm 'DZdkif;pHk vSyaomtdyfrufu ol@udk n‡Kd@ac: o,f,loGm;cJh
yHkazmfay;owJh? 'DZdkif;u ig;rsKd;/ tJ'Dig;rsKd;xJu ojzifh ol@ywf0ef;usifESifh tqufjywfoGm;jcif;
tvSqHk;vdk@xif&wJh 'DZdkif;yHkeJ@ vGefcJhwJhnu tvS jzpfonf?
jc,fcJhwm? vljzpfvmuwnf;u 'Dwcgwnf;yJ “aeygOD;[Jhudkwdk;&JŒ ighzmomig vkyf
vSbl;ao;w,f? vluzefwD;xm;wJh pufqdkawmh =unfhygtHk;r,fæ eifajcpG,faumfxkwfwm ig
vl @ &J Œ pd w f u l ; twd k i f ; tyf c srwf c s vl t wd k i f ; cHEkdifrSmr[kwfbl; æ eifu odyf=urf;wrf;wm
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tom;awGnDatmif n‡dwJhtcg wHpOf;wdkufwJh ud k w d k ; rsuf v H k ; td r f u wc%Y jyL;
pufeJ@ n‡day;&w,f? pufeJ@ ta&mifwifw,f? us,foGm;onf? EGm;owform;vdk odyf=urf;
tylay;wJhpufeJ@ ajcmufaoG@oGm;atmif tylay; onf[k truajymojzifh b0ifrusjzpfoGm;
w,f? ukd,fóudufwJh 'DZdkif;rSefjym;ukd pufxJxnfh/ onf? tay:E_wfcrf;u &GJŒoGm;onf?
vufacsmif;awG ukdvnf; pufxJrSm xnfhvdkuf “vGecf w hJ hJ oH;k &ufu rrav;ajcpG,u f kd
w,f? r=umyg bl;awmf ewfyef;csD tvSjc,fwJh usaemf a zmf a y;cJ h & wmygaemf ? a[m æ tck
vufacsmif; uav;awG jzpfoGm;awmhwmyJ? aumif ; oG m ;+yD ? temvnf ; aysmuf o G m ;+yD ?
81
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

'Davmufaq;ukawmfwhJ armifav;wa,mufukd ESpfaygufudk arS;usOf;oGm;onftxd jyefpOf;pm;

rr}uD;u EGm;owform;vdk@ ajym&ufw,faygh rdonf? ud, k u hf ukd ,
kd f jyefar;=unfah eonf? b,fòrŒd
av? rrav; ajymjyvkdufprf;yg[m iwdk;qdkwJh rSe;f vJrod? òrdŒ}uD;wòrdŒudak &mufomG ;wm? vlawG
aumifu trawGtay:rSm b,fvdk=uifemw,f u vrf;ay:rSm qlnH±_yf&Sufcwf? um;vrf;wck
r=urf;wrf;bl;qdkwm ajymjyvdkufprf;yg[m”? ukd jzwful;awmh &ifckefaeonfudk owdjyef&
udkwdk;u rrav;oif;rsKd;udk oufao aejyefonf? taqmuftOD;awGu vrf;r b,f
xlonf? =urf;wrf;&ufpufwwfonfh aumif nmrSm {&mrrSefbD'dk}uD;awG axmifxm; ovdkyJ?
av;r[kwfa=umif; ajymay;aphcsifonf? pw,f/ tJ'òD rdŒ}uD;&JŒ wae&mrSm&Sw d hJ vufonf; tvSjyif
ajymifw,f/ aemufw,fqakd yr,fh =uifemwwfol qdik /f vuftvSjyifqikd u f kd a&mufomG ;cJw h mr[kwf
pmemwwfot l jzpfEiS hf cs;D rGr;f cHcsio
f nf? armifErS vm;? [kwf&J@vm;? =unfhygtHk;? tdyfrufxJ
oH;k a,mufxw J iG f udw
k ;kd uti,fq;kH ? toufu a&mufoGm;cJhwm?
q,fah v;ESp?f x,fx;kd EGm;ausmif;tjzpf v,form; vljzpfvmuwnf;u òrdŒawmf&efukef
pm&if;'dkiftdrfwGif tvkyf0ifvkyfaecJh+yD? pyg;wif; udk at;rwdk@eJ@ wacgufyJa&mufzl;wm? nu
ESpfq,f&+yD? ae@bufwGif v,fxJrSm tvkyfukef; tdyfrufxJa&mufoGm;cJhwJh òrdŒu &efukefyJ jzpf&
±ke;f vky=f u? nwGif armifErS rdom;pk rdrw d @kd trd o
f @kd r,f? &efukefyJjzpfygapawmf? 'gqdk&if &efukefudk
toD;oD; jyefa&mufvm=uonf r[kwfvm;? ESpaf cguaf &mufz;l oGm;+y?D eufjzefreuf aumufpu dk f
qHpk nf;&cdu k f tvkyaf =umif;ajym=u? aemufajymif qif;&if at;rwdk@ cifav;EG,fwdk@udk ºuGm;&r,f?
uspD ,f=u? axhaigah vSmifajymif=uESihf &,fyzJG @JG um vGecf w hJ n
hJ u &efuek u f kd a&mufomG ;+y;D vuftvS
tyef;ajz =u&onfr[kwfvm;? jyifqkdifrSm oref;qDwufaewJh igho&Jvufudk
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odyf+yD; =uifemwwfwJhaumif vl=urf;vl&rf;um; wvufvufeJ@ vSyaea=umif; ajymjy&r,f?
awGeJ@ wjcm;pD[Jh wjcm;pD ”? [kwfyg&JŒ? pyg;&dwfwJhvuf? aumufpdkufwJhvuf
oif;rsdK;u ol @ armif av;rsuf E S mud k u tusn;f wef t±kyq f ;k d oavmuf aumufrpdu k &f
aphaph=unfu h m roif;rd;k =um;atmif cyfqwfqwf pyg;r&dwfbJ xrif;udktv#Hy,fpm;/ taumif;
ajymonf? udkwdk;u roif;rdk; teD;tem;odk@ pm;ae&wJh vlcsr;f omawG&ŒJ vufe@J tdyrf ufxrJ mS
wdk;uyfoGm;umajymonf? wdk;wdk;&SJ&SJ? rr}uD; oG m ;+yD ; wl a eacs ao;awmh ? ud k v S a tmif u d k
r=um;&atmif wrifwdk;wdk;ajymjcif;jzpfonf? ajymjy&if olu &,frSmyJ? tlwufatmif&,frSm?
rdbESpfyg;jzpfonfh OD;azESifha':aus;wkd@u olwdk@ b,f v d k v k y f + yD ; 'D t d y f r uf u d k r uf z d k @
armifErS oH;k a,mufukd arSmif&yd u f ae waphapmif; vrf;p&cJo h vJ? tdyrf ufqw kd mu pdwu f pGxJ if&m
=unfhum òyH;&,fae=uonf? "mwfq/D a&eHqD pGJvrf;&mudk jrifrufwmyJ? atmf æ [kwf+yD?
rD;cGu.f tvif;a&mifatmufwiG f roif;rd;k u pdwf r*~Zif;pmtkyfxJu vufonf;tvSjyifqdkifu
tawG;aemufodk@ vdkufygoGm;vkduf/ ajcpG,fikwf tvSjyifyu kH kd txyfxyf zwfczhJ ;l w,f r[kwv f m;?
onfhae&mqDodk@ jyefa&mufvmvdkuf? roif ; rd k ; u td y f r uf x J a&muf & S d
tdyrf ufxrJ mS b,fukd a&mufomG ;wm ae&mu ±kww f &ufx&yfvu kd +f yD; rJarSmifaeaom
vJ? &efukefudkvm;? oif;rsKd;u rsufvHk;ayguf tdyfcef;uav;xJodk@ vSrf;oGm;um vSnfh0ifvdkuf
82
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w*|wf*|wf jrnfoGm;pOf udkwdk;wdk@armifESr ESpf
a,mufu tr}uD;oif;rdk;udk vSrf;armh=unfh jzpf
onf ? td r f c ef ; xJ u jyef x G u f v monf h t cg
roif;rdk;vufxJwGif pmtkyfwtkyfygvmonf?
tzHk;ESifh pmtkyfaxmifhrsm;wGif zGmvef=uJ pkwfjyJ
aeaom r*~Zif;a[mif;wtkyf? a&eHqDrD;cGuf
a&SŒwGif jyefxdkifonf? r*~Zif;pmtkyfukd zGifhum
vSefavSm&SmvdkufpOf vufonf;tvS vuftvS
jyifay;aomqdkifudk jyefawG@&onf? roif;rdk;u
oufjyif;wcsuf csrdv#ufom;jzpfoGm;um ighES,f
aemf æ [kpw d xf w
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vmv#if r*~Zif;ta[mif; oHk;av;tkyf ygvm
wwfonf? w&GmvH;k u xdpk mtkyaf wGudk vufqifh
urf;zwf=u t±kyf=unfh=uonf? xrif;uvnf;
iwf/ pmuvnf;iwfr[kwv f m;? pmtkyuf dk ,ckrS
roif ; rd k ; taotcsm iH k @ =unf r d o nf ? 2005
Edk0ifbm o&zl txl;xkwfr*~Zif;wJh?
wae@vHk;tvkyfvkyf? aumufpdkuf&m
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aewJhta=umif; r*~Zif;xJrSmygrvm? vlcsif;wlyg
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
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vufcHkawGukd pl;pdkufjzef@=unhfonf? ukd,fhvuf
ukd,foem;rdum yGwfoyfqkyfukdif=unfhonf?
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ol r vuf a wG u usm;v#mwyf x m;onf h E S , f
=urf ; I&S a eonf ? vuf z 0g;u eD n d K a&mif
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ta&mifvufaeonf? aumufpdkufr&JŒvuf? *kef
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axmif; xGufaecJhonf? tjr‡KyfawG blpDaygif;awG
wpDpDxaecJhonf? xdkndKrJ tykyfa&xJwGif *kef
av#myf ifawGu av#maf wGucdk mG ,l a&aq;? txyf
xyfav#mfzGyfa&aq;? 0g;wef; awGay:wifvSrf;&?
*kefav#mfa&u eH@oma&rS r[kwfyJ? vuftvS
ta&mifwifqrD rS [kwb f ?J *keaf v#maf &ykyaf &mifEiS hf
ta&mifwif&onfh vufonf ndKrJjymESrf;oGm;
83
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cHcJh&aomvuf? obm0ab;'%fukd txyfxyf
tESdyfpuf cHcJh&onfhvuf? &if@axmfwif;rmaom
vuf=urf;}uD;u wdrb f ekH ef;u vlawG. vufawG
ESifh b,fvmE_id ;f vd@k &ygrh vJ? olw@kd vufawGu yef;
0wfrH_uJhodk@ Ekzwfnufanmaeonfh za,mif;
om;vufoG,f=um±dk;EG,fawG? olwdk@u tvkyf
rvky&f bJ pm;aeEkid o f nhx f rif;ukd onfvuf=urf;
awGu ezl;uac|;ajcrusatmif pdkufysKd;ay;cJh&
jcif ; omjzpf o nf ? xrif ; toif h a ºuG ; cJ h & onf h
vuf=urf;}uD; odkd@r[kwf v,folr. arSmfvuf/
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rsm;rSm oef;ESifhcsDI &Sdaeonf? pyg;pkdufaom
v,fajr{u wq,fhajcmufoef; &Sdonf[k qdkyg
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onfhv,fajr{urSm renf;awmh? q,fh oHk;ESpf
orD;uwnf;u aumufpdkufcJh&mrS ,ck touf
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84
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ykdifqdkifxm;ol v,fulvDrb0ukdyg jyefawG@ae&
onf? olru bmukdrS pDumywfuHk;rajymwwf?
odk@aomf rr#wol/ rw&m; tEdkifusif@olukd odae
armifpdk;csdef
onf? “pyg;pkdufwJhvufawGu rvS&ifaeygap æ
Adkuf0atmif tvsifrDatmifpm;&zdk@ qefaps;E_ef;
oufoufomomeJ@ b0rSmat;csrf;csifw,f æ
vlwvHk;olwvHk; vlpifrDcsifw,fa[h æ vlvdkyJ
0wf c sif a ecsif w ,f [ J h ” [k a tmf v d k u f r d o nf ?
olr&ifxw J iG f odak vSmifxed ;f csKyfxm;onfh cHpm;r_
qENrsm;u &ifxJrSm aygufuGJoGm;onf?
wc%Y olroli,fcsif;pdk;rif;ukd zswf
ceJ owd&rdvsufom; jzpfoGm;onf?
“igwdk@ wawG raoxrif;/ rao[if;
pm;ae&awmh aorxl;aerxl;wJhb0yJ rdoif;a&
æ wckawmh &Sdw,f æ 'Db0u ukef;±kef;xGuf
rSmvm; æ u|JawG EGm;awGvdkyJ olwdk@&JŒ wHydk;
atmufrSm vnfpif;+yD; igwdk@om;awGorD;awG
twGufyg acgif;iHk@cHaerSmvm; æ a&G;&awmhr,f
æ w&ufrvkyf&if w&ufaemufusrSmyJ rdoif;”
ol@ukd ajy;+yD;owd&jcif;ESifhtwl ol
r=umc%ajymcJhonfh tcsufukd em;xJjyef=um;
a&mifae&onf? &Gmajrmufbuf rusnf;yifwef;
&Sd a&wGif;wGif a&cyfqHkonhftcgwdkif; ajymae=u?
pdk;rif;u w&Gmwnf;ae wa&wnf;aomufcJh
onhf oli,fcsif;? v,fvkyfydkifcGifh&&Sdzdk@ bm
v,fvkyfud&d,mrS rykdifqdkifcJh? ol@zcifOD;zdk;c tdrf
rSm pm&if;iSm; v,fulv?D ol@red ;f r rdaomfu uav;
arG;awmhrnf? ae@aph vaph? rdef;r uav;rD;zGm;zdk@/
pm;zd@k / aomufz@kd / 0wfz@kd uav;twGuf axG;ywfz@kd
tES D ; / apmif / jcif a xmif bmwck r S rjynf h p H k ?
pk a qmif ; od k r S D ; &ef bmwck r S tqif r ajy?
t&yfvufonf a':xm;cifudk vufonfcaiGa=u;
twGuf twdk;jzifh acs;xm; ±HkuvGJI bmwckrS
toifhjzpfraecJh? rdaomfukd uGufceJ ajy;jrifaerd
jyefonf? aq;±Hk q&m0efeJ@ om;zGm;q&mru
rdaomfESifh rdaomfwkd@twGufr[kwf?
rdaomfudkawG@wdkif; tm;ay;&onf?
rdaomfu EGrf;,Jh,JhòyH;&if; “a,mif;r&,f æ 'Dvdk
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
yJaygh[,fæ ukdpdk;rif;u vufeJ@ tvkyfjywfw,f
&,frSr&SdyJæ tvkyfvkyfaewmyJ æ qif;&JwGif;
eufawmh aiGwGif;eufovm; rodygbl;[,f æ
arG;vmwJu h av;ukd oHr%dv@kd trnfay;&rSmyJ”
[k ajymwwfavonf?
awmifbuf&mG ukid ;f uGi;f u udv k aS tmif
udk,lzdk@ tdrfaxmifðyzdk@ wdkufwGef;cJhwm atmif
oG,cf w hJ m pd;k rif;eJ@ rdaomfayg?h cspaf yrJh tdraf xmif
rðyEdkifao;bl;av? ukdvSatmifvnf; wESpf+yD;
wESpaf pmifch whJ m oem;ygw,f? rdoif;ukcd spaf wmh
apmifh&rSmayghwJh? apmifhr,fwJhvm; ukdvSatmif
&,f? tm;vnf;emw,f oem;vnf; oem;w,f?
+yD;cJhonfhaEGu csdef;awG@=uawmh opf&dyófud=um;
va&mifatmufrmS ESpu f ,dk =f um; wzGzaG jymcJw h m
r[kwfvm;? tckwavm ukdvSatmifwdk@&Gmu
owif ; awG x G u f v mw,f ? &G m ura0;awmh
owif;awGu csufcsif;yJ a&mufvmw,f? w&Gm
wnf;ae r=umjzLeJ@ ESpb f ufrb d awGu oabmwl
=uowJh? udkvSatmifrdbawGu urf;vSrf;owJh?
wu,fyJ [kwfae+yDvm;? rjzpfEdkifbl;xifyg&JŒ?
wu,f [kwfcJh&if olu b,faeyghrvJaemf?
ajymrSmaygh/ wckawmh&Sdw,f? b,favmufxd
apmif&h rSmvJ? b,fEpS Ef pS f xdik af pmif&h rSmvJ rdoif;
&,fvdk@ ar;cJhbl;w,f? 'Dwkef;u E_wfqdwf+yD; aecJh
rdw,f? tck rdaomfuav;arG;zGm;&if olvmr,f
vdk@ajymw,f? vGefcJhonhfoHk;&ufu pdk;rif;u
wqifh pmwapmif&cJhw,f? pmxJrSma&;xm;wJh
t"du tcsufu cspfolwa,mufukdrS rSwfrd
ao;&JŒvm;vdk@ awG@=unfhcsifowJh? awG@yg&apwJh?
w&Gmom;ukd &nf;pm;vkyfawmh vGrf;&wwfw,f
qdw k hJ twdik ;f tckvrG ;f ae&+yD? awG@&ifar;p&mawG
&SdowJh &J&J0Hh0Hhajz&r,fwJh? 'Dwrdk;ukef w0gu|wf
&if tdrfaxmifðy=u&atmif? ESpfudk,fwl aewJh
b0urS jynfhpHkrSm? twlaecsif+yDwJh? b,fvdk
tajzay;&rvJ ? aemuf x yf a pmif h y gtH k ; vd k @
85
armifpdk;csdef
ajymoifo h vm;? ajym&rSmvm;? rapmifEh idk af wmhbJ
r=umjzLukd vufxyfoGm;&ifaum? tJ'DtcgrSm
cspo f &l ŒJ aemufausmbufrmS owWrd &Sw d hJ trsK;d orD;
tjzpfeJ@ usef&pfcJhzdk@twGufukdawmh owWd&Sdw,f
ayg?h udv k aS tmifukd b,fvakd jym&rvJ? tawG;v_id ;f
rsm;u txyfxyf ±du k cf wfojzifh ylIarmvmw,f?
“trav; æ emvdkufwm iwkd;&,f æ
[J@ æ ajz;ajz;vkyfyg[Jh æ”
a,mif&rf;atmf[pf&if; armifav;iwk;d
vufudk ðywfwluJhokd@ zrf;qkyfn‡pfrdv#ufom;
jzpfoGm;onf? ab;wbufwcsufwGif iwkd;ESihf
oif;rsKd;wkd@ a&mufvmaeonfudkyif rodvdkuf?
owdrxm;rd? v#ypf pfxufjrefaom tawG;pdwu
c&D;vrf;azmufum twdww f iG f vGiahf jrmaecJo
h nf?
nu rufcJhaom tdyfrufqDodk@ jyefoGm;=unhfcJh
rd&mu tawG;uGef,ufxJwGif epfaecJhonf?
cspw f ohJ l ukv d aS tmifxH a&mufaecJo h nf? iwd;k u
ol@vufxJu "m;OD;c|efjzihf tpfr roif;. ikyfae
aom ajcpG,fukd qGJvSefvdkufpOf jynfykyfawG aoG;
awGu pD;xGufvmonf? tonf;cdkufatmif
emavonf?
“vufukdv$wfygrr}uD;&JŒæ n‡mn‡m
wmwmvkyfae&if b,fawmhrS ajcpG,fikyfwm
aysmufrSmr[kwfbl; æ temudk iHk@=unhfraeeJ@
rsufESmv$Jxm;? emrSmudkvnf; a=umufvdkufwm
æ owWduvJeJ”
iwd;k ucyfqwfqwfajymonf? ajcpG,f
udk &Sjrc|efxufonfh "m;oGm;jzihf vSD;jzwfonf?
nDroif;rsKd;u ajymif;zl;zufukd vdyf,lxm;+yD;
om;? xkdajymif;zl;zufvdyfudk a&eHqDrD;cGufxJwGif
a&eHqDESpf+yD;om;? zufvdyfxJwGif a&eHawGu
pkyf,l ygvm+yD;om;? zufvdyfxdyfudk rD;pGJavmif
atmifrD;±_d@vdkufonf? aoG;jynfrsm; xGufvmae
cJah om ajcpG,if yk af eonft h emxJo@kd a&eHyl a&eHpuf
rsm; wpufcsif; pD;usaponf? rD;pGJaeaom a&eHyl
86
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
a&eH p uf r sm;u temjzpf a eonf h tom;uk d
usufoGm;apavonf? owWdra=umifbl;? owWd
renf;bl;[kq+kd y;D tH}uw d xf m;cJah omfvnf; rr}u;D
yg;jyifay:wGif rsuf&nfawGu vdrfhqif; oG,fus
vmonf? toHww d ef musijf cif;? t&Siv f wfvwf
ig;waumifukd qDyltdk;xJ ypfxnfhvdkufouJhodk@
xGef@xGef@vl; oGm;onf?
aumufpdkuforawG/ v,form;awG/
awG@aeus'u k ?Q vufp, G if yk of nfxuf ajcpG,if yk f
onfu ydkIcH&cufonf? tvkyfvkyf&wm t
aESmifht,Suf ay;aeojzifhrajzmihfawmh? 'kuQ
0efxkyfukd vG,fydk;xm;ae&onf? oref;uGuf
f EGaH wmwGif ajcaxmufudk xd;k ESpx f m;or# v_yaf v
tonf;cdu k af v? xd@k a=umifh ajcpG,u f kd azmfxw k /f
ajcpG,fukdvSD;xkwf/ tom;ukd avmifòrdufap+yD;
usuf o G m ;ap&ef a&eH y l c s&onf ? ppf t wG i f ;
zufqpf*syefawGu vlxu k dk vuf onf;cGcH mG onfEiS fh
oGm;wlaeonf? xdk@aemuf oref;qDwufum
jruf&S/ xdu±kef;ql;&Sum tqdyfoifhaeaom
,m;emrsm;ukd a&Smufa&jzifh vdrf;&jyefonf?
wcsKd@u ausmufcsOfa&jzifh vdrf;um ,m;emudk
uko=uonf? nDroif;rsKd;u ol@tr. ajcpHrk sm;
udk a&Smufa&jzifh vdr;f ay;aeonf?
“rr}uD;aysmufoGm;+yD; reuf aumuf
pdkufqif;wJhtcg igharmifav;iwdk;a=umifh v,f
qif;Ekdifw,fqkd+yD; aus;Zl;wifraeeJ@”?
“tck x J u aus;Zl ; wif y gw,f & S i f ?
trav;awmf/ 'DrSmjzifh cH&wmaoawmhr,f?
b,fvdk touf&SL&rSef;awmif rodawmhbl;”
armifav;iwdk; aq;ukay;ovdk "mwf
=urf;rudik If r&rSe;f odonf? 'Dae@ aumufpu kd &f
wm tqd;k qH;k yJ? oref;uGux f rJ mS ajcaxmufawG
epfðryfxm;&pOf ajcpG,if yk af eonfh nmajcaxmuf
u tpGr;f jyawmhwmyJ? ºuu G ef @J a=umifv/kd rd;k eJ@avu
wae@vHk; eyrf;vHk; ae=u&wm? taemufawmif
 armifpdk;csdef
avu w0kef;0kef; wa0ga0geJ@ vlukdajy;±dkuf vlu
vJòydrwwf ,drf;xdk;oGm; ajcaxmufu v_yfav
emav udu k cf aJ v/ ajcaxmufukd acgi;f ay:wifxm;
vd@k &&if wifxm;csiw f ,f? aumufpu dk u f jyefvm
awmh oif;rsKd;ukd wGJ+yD;jyefcJh&w,f? atmf æ
qif;&J yifyef;}uD;pGmeJ@ tvkyfvkyfwmawmif 0rf;
r0 cg;rvSygvm;?
“atmf orD;a&/ pdk;rif;eJ@awG@vdk@ rSm
vd k u f w ,f ? ol @ rd e f ; rrd a omf Ad k u f e mae+yD w J h ?
rdoif;ukd ajymjyvdkufygwJh? [kwfyg&JΠtJ'gajym
rvkd@arhaevdkufwm æ orD;wdk@aumufpdkuf rjyef
cif tar &Gmajrmufyikd ;f oGm;awmh pd;k rif;eJ@ vrf;rSm
qHkw,fav æ tarhrsufvHk;u rjrifrprf;eJ@ æ
n}uD;rif;}uD; oGm;vd@k vmvd@k raumif;awmh orD;
oGm;rSjzpfr,f”
tarjzpfol a':aus;u 0g;ydk;0g;tdrf
vufcHwkdifudkrSDI ajymif;zl;zuf aq;vdyfudk zGmae
&if; pdk;rif;ukd owd&vmjcif;jzpfonf? OD;azu
uGr;f òrHv#uf uGr;f aoG;ukd tdrt f jyifo@dk axG;xkwf
pOf tdru f av;u odrchf gomG ;onf? taemufawmif
rdk;oufavu cyf= urf;=urf ; zd w d k u f v d k u f p Of
wJtdrfuav; v_yf,drf;oGm;jcif; jzpfonf? iwkd;
u æ "m;a[h æ "m; æ "m;[k xI atmfvdkuf
onf? iwkd;u “bmrSef;vJ rodbl;aemf æ atmf
omatmfvdkuf&w,f ”[k &,farmvdkufonf?
rkefwdkif;vmv#if rkefwdkif;vm&mbufodk@ rsufESm
rlum tdru f "m;r}u;D awGudk vufxu J ikd af jrmuf+y;D
"m;a[h æ "m; æ "m; æ qdk+yD; rkefwdkif;ukd +cdrf;
ajcmuf wm;qD;avh&Sdonf? &Gm"avh &yf"avh?
iwdk;tysif;ajy "m; æ "m;[k atmfumrS tdrfu
av;rSm ykdIyif odrfhodrfhcgaeonf?
“rdaomfvG,fvG,fulul cav;rD;zGm;
Ekdifatmif tE W&m,fuif;*gxm &Gwfay;aew,f
vdk@ rdaomfeJ@pdk;rif;udk ajymay;prf;yg orD;&,f æ
tb a&ref;ref;+yD; ay;vdkufr,fæ tJ'Da&ref;
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
wcGuyf g ,lomG ;acs æ ,H, k =kH unf=unfe@J aomuf
vdk@ajymvdkuf? cav;arG;&wm vG,fvdrfh r,fvdk@
æ”
“&xm;vuf r S w f a &pd r f aomuf & if
vnf; cav;arG;&wm vG,fw,fvdk@ajymw,f”
a':aus;uOD;azpum;rqH;k rD =um;jzwf
0ifajymvduk of nf? iwd;k ESihf oif;rsK;d u &,favonf?
a&S;acwfu vlawGu bmawGrSef;vJrodbl;aemf
[k iwdk;uajymawmh xyfI&,favonf? olwdk@
twGufawmh txl;tqef;aygh?
“tar&,fæ &xm;xufjrefwJh *suf
av,mOfawGay:ae+yD æ &xm;awmif usnfqef
vdkjrefwJh usnfqef&xm;wJh æ 'Dwdkif;jynfu
&xm;vufrSwfudk a&pdrfaomufwmxufpm&if
usnfqef&xm;vufrSwfudk a&pdrfaomufwmrS
cav;arG;&wm jrefvdrfhtHk;r,f”
oif ; rsKd ; u ol o d x m;onh f t wk d i f ;
xyfajymjyefonf?
iwd;k wd@k armifErS uawmh oabm usum
avSmif&,fae=uonf? iwdk;uwJ. 0g;=urf;cif;
udk vufz0g;jzifh ±du k yf w
k af tmf[pf &,fvu kd o f nf?
a':aus;uawmh olajymrnfph um;udk rajymawmhbJ
odkodyfxm;vdkuf&onf? rdoif;rdk;wdk@arG;pOfu
a&S ; a[mif ; t,l t qtwd k i f ; "avh t wd k i f ; /
&xm;vufru S uf kd a&pdraf omuf/ a&ref;aomuf+y;D
,Hk=unfcsufESifh rD;zGm;cJh&onf r[kwfvm;? 'gudk
xyfo&d if iwd;k wd@k armifErS u &,f=uvdrt hf ;kH rnf?
oif;rd;k uawmh bmudrk rS ajymvdak wmh?
pdk;rif;u *gxmwdk@ a&ref;wdk@udk ,HkrSmr[kwf? r,Hk
a&;csr,Hk? tbajymwmudk od&&if iwdk;vdkawmh
&,frSmr[kwf?“tb,Hk=unfwmtb vkyfygap
[m” vdk@yJajymrSm? ol@ta=umif; aumif;aumif;
od+yD;om;? i,fi,fxJu ESpfudk,fhwpdwf aygif;cJh
wm? ewfwifwm/ &Gmcswm/ acgpm ypfwmawGudk
olu r,Hk=unfcJhayr,fh olrsm;,Hk=unfvdk@ ypf
87
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

xm;wJh acgpmcGufudk eif;acsrypfcJh? ol@ta=umif; oif;rdk;xdwfceJ &ifckefoGm;avonf?

od+yD;om;? cspfolukd awG@&awmhrnf[k pOf;pm;vdkufrdpOf
oif;rdk;u ol@oli,fcsif; pdk;rif;udk awG; wc%Y &ifvd_ufzdkum ESvHk;aoG;ckefoHu jrefqef
=unfhaerdjyefonf? qif;&Jom;tESdrfcH txkcH vmonf? atmf æ udv k aS tmif&,f æ [k E_wu f
b0awGudk olodjrifavhvmxm;or# pdk;rif;u zG z G u av; a&&G w f r d v suf o m; jzpf o G m ;av
&Sif;jywwfol? 'Db0u vGwfajrmufatmif ±kef; ovm;rod?
xGuf=u&rnf? v,form;awG/ v,fulvDawG/ “zm;±dkufwJhrD;tkyfu b,frSmxm;=u
aus;&GmvlxkawGu vGwfajrmufa&;xJwGif rnf ovJ æ temoufomatmif c%em;ae+yD;&if
od@k yg0ifoifah =umif; oif;rd;k udk ajymcJzh ;l onf? wcg usroGm;vdkufyghr,f æ rdaomfvnf; ar#mfaea&m
w&H óuHóudufI ajymjcif;r[kwfbJ tvkyfwck aygh æ”xd@k aemuf ajymajymqdq k kd ±_u
d I
f v_u
d u f m
uJhodk@oabmxm;um awG@qHkajymjywwfonf oufjyif;cdk;csvdkufonfukd b,folrS rodvdkuf?
vnf; &Sdonf? oif;rdk; wxdwfxdwf&ifckefoHu &ifxJwGif yJhwif
pd k ; rif ; td r f o d k @ rsuf E S m pd r f ; {nf h o nf aeavvsuf &ifzdkI armvmavonf?
wa,mufp ESpfa,mufp wcgw&H a&mufvm
wwfonf? b,fuvmovJ/ b,foal wGvJ qdw k m
rod? wc%vm wc%aysmufomG ;? ntdy{f nfh 2
onf r[kwfojzihf {nfhpm&if;wdkifp&m rvdkawmh?
pdk;rif;uvnf; tdrfuxGufoGm;um oHk;av;&uf “rdoif; æ rdoif;a& ”
aysmuf u G , f a ewwf o nf ? b,f u k d o G m ;rS e f ; tdrf. wHpuf+rdwfatmufwGif &yfum
rdaomfvnf;rod? ntarSmifxkxJwGif av;nd‡K@ pd;k rif;u toHðyvdu k o
f nf? toHut kd yk I
f ac:vduk f
óud;rS ypfv$wfcHvdkuf&onfhjrm;ES,f uG,faysmuf jcif;jzpfonf? tdyfaysmfaeolrsm;ukd taESmuf
oGm;ol? “rdoif;a& eifah ,mufr rdaomfwa,muf t,Suf rjzpfzdk@twGuf? oif;rdk;u zm;rD;tkyfukd
wnf;&,f *±kpdkufvdkuftHk;aemf”[kqdkum wae qGu J m tdrt f ay:qifu h qif;vmcJo h nf? pd;k rif;ukd
&mod@k xGucf mG oGm;wwfonf? oif;rd;k u em;vnf rsufESmcsif;qdkifum &yfvdkufonf? tckyJ igvnf;
cHpm;&ovdk pd;k rif;ukd aumufcsucf sonf? a[m'D xGufvmcJhawmhrvdk@[ æ [kajymonf?
refusn;f wef;&Gmu pd;k rif;[m v#Kd @0u S o f yl ek [
f Il ? “'DrSmrdoif; rdaomfrSm rD;zGm;zdk@ t0wf
oif;rdk;u ol@ukd,fol olykef&JŒoli,fcsif;qdkawmh tpm;rjynfhpHkbl;[m t0wfwpHkavmuf vdkcsif
olykefr jzpfvmae+yD æ [lI pOf;pm;vdkufrdpOf w,f? eifhrSm&SdwJhtxJu wpHkavmufiSg;[m?
pdruhf eJ@ ausmcsr;f oGm;avonf? ukv d aS tmifvnf; pyg;ay:csdefrSm igjyef0,fay;r,f ”
bmxl;vdk@vJ aygif;pyfpkpnf;rd&mu pdk;rif;ESifh oif;rd;k u pum;yifrqH;k ao;? tdrf tay:
wl w l v monf [ k oif ; rd k ; ujrif x m;rd o nf ? qifo h dk@ ajcwacsmif;ua&mufaeonf? opfom;
wc%rSmyif ukdvSatmifukd zswfceJ owd&vdkuf aowWm ta[mif;uav;ukzd iG u hf m t0wftpm;
onf? pdwt f awG;rsuv f ;kH tdrwf iG f ukv d aS tmifudk ESpfpHkxJu wpHkukd qGJ,lcJhum tdrfcef;uav;xJrS
awG@vu kd &f onf? pd;k rif;tdrrf mS 'Dae@bJ ukv d aS tmif jyefxu G vf mcJoh nf? cspo f nhf oli,fcsi;f jzpfaomf
a&mufESifhae+yDjzpf&r,f? vnf; ajym&JrSmr[kwf? b,fajymcsifyghrvJ? rjzpf
88
 armifpdk;csdef
vGef;vdk@ ajym&jcif;jzpfonf[k rdoif;pdwfxJu
emusifpGmjzihf em;vnfvdkufonf? wu,fvnf;
pdwfxdcdkufrdavonf? ulnDapmifha&SmufcGifh&jcif;
ukdyif aus;Zl;wifrqHk; jzpfaeonf?
pdk;rif;&,f ighrSmESpfpHkyJ&Sdygw,f[,f?
tysKd j zpf v muwnf ; u aEG a wG / aqmif ; awG /
pyg;ay:csed af wGudk jzwfvmcJw h m odwt hJ wdik ;f ygy?J
t0wftxnf r0,fEkdifcJhygbl;? ESpfpHkuvnf;
'g0wfbikd q f o kd vdk xyfwvJv0J wfcw hJ hJ ta[mif;
ESppf ykH g[m? bmyJjzpfjzpf ESppf x kH uJ wpHu k dk rdaomf
twGuf zJhay;cGifh&vdk@ igu0rf;omaewm[?
jyef0,fay;zd@k vH;k 0rpOf;pm;eJ@awmh? tif;av wck+y;D
wckay:vmwJh t0wftxnf topftqef;awG
[m igw@kd vkd qif;&Jom; ausmrGaJ wGtwGuf r[kwf
bl;qdkwm eifu ydkodygw,f[m pdk;rif;&,f”
pd k ; rif ; &if x J w G i f eif h I aeavonf ?
emusnf;jcif;/ emusifjcif;ESifh =unfarmjcif;u
a&maESm&pfywfum ol@&ifukd ±dkufcwfavonf?
bmrSjyefrajymwwfawmh? em;usn;f jcif; acsm&f nf
ylrsm;ukd odr;f qnf;rsKo d yd cf &hJ ojzifh &ifonfvnf;
jynfah rmufvmum ayguu f v JG k rD;awmifjzpfaecJ+h y?D
,ckvnf; xyfI rsKdodyf xmayOD;aygh? oif;rdk;u
pdk;rif;vufarmif;udk qkyfudkifxm;&mrS qGJac:
vdkufonf? oif;rdk; vSrf;ay;aom t0wfwpHkudk
pdk;rif;u *sKdif;=um;wGif zdn‡yfxm;&if; ajcvSrf;p
vdkufonf?
rdi_ ;f ndK@aom rd;k wdrv f yd rf sm;u aumif;uif
tjynfh [D;av;cdkvGifhajrmvsuf? ydkufuGefjzef@
vsu?f &Gmv,f vrf;rwav#muf opfyifopfuidk ;f
rsm;u ,drf;xdk;um taemufawmif av±dkif;rsm;
xJwGif [pfatmfae=uonf? a&eHqDrD;cGuf rD;
r+idrf;ap&ef rD;tkyfudk pdk;rif;u wapmif;ukdifxm;
&onf? em;xJwGif w&$D;&$D; avwdk;oHukdom =um;
ae&onf? a&tdkifxJu zm;vufwufatmfoH
zm;cHknif;atmfoHESihf jruf&Snfyifrsm;xJrS yk&pf
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
atmforH sm;u rd;k nudak w;zG@J usL;&ifah eavonf?
&Gmv,fausmif; Z&yftdk. trdk;oGyfjym;rsm;
wcsyfESifhwcsyf ±dkufoHu n.aw;csif;ukd pnf;0g;
vkdufay;aeonf? avukdqef+yD; vSrf;avav
avuaqmifhI &ifbwfudkwGef;ojzifh ajcvSrf;u
wk H @ oG m ;avav? c&D ; rwG i f a wmh ? r=umrD
&G m v,f y d k i f ; apwD u k e f ; od k @ a&muf v monf ?
tdrq f ufjywf oGm;onhf uGuv f yfae&m? pd;k rif;u
oif;rdk; vufudkvSrf;qGJ&if; c%pum;ajym=u
&atmif[k qdkum &yfvdkufonf?
“rdoif; igwkd@wdkufyGJpzdk@eD;vm+yD æ
odyfta&;}uD;vm+yD æ tm;vHk;tHkºuG+yDqdkwmeJ@
wòydifeuf æ tck&GmrSm&SdaewJh igwdk@ukdtkyfcsKyf
aewJh aus;&GmtzGJ@tpnf;awGudk csufcsif;yJ zsuf
odr;f +yD; æ aus;&Gmvlxt k yk cf sKyfa&;tzG@J xlaxmif
=u&vdrfhr,f æ aus;&GmtrsKd;orD;xkukd apmifh
a&Smufun l zD @kd æ olw@kd awGe@J twl vlxk aumfrwD
xJrSm rdoif;yg0if&vdrfhr,f æ w&GmeJ@ w&Gm
qufpyf wnfrSDaew,f æ wòydifwnf; vkyEf idk zf @kd
igw@dk óu;d pm;aew,f æ jyifqifae=uw,f”
oif;rdk;u‘a[mhawmh’[k a,mif,rf;
jrnfaºuG;vdu k o f nf? ar#mv f ifrh xm;yJ ±kww f &uf
=um;vdkuf&ojzifh oif;rdk; tHh=ooGm;onf? pdk;rif;
u“eifhukd óudwiftoday;xm;csifvdk@yg? tao;
pdyuf adk wmh aemufraS jymr,f”[kqu kd m oif;rd;k ukd
qGJac:vmcJhonf? at;at;vlvl &yf+yD; aqG;aEG;
vdk@rjzpf? ESpfa,mufpvHk; odxm;+yD;om;? rdaomf
uav;arG;zGm;zdk@u ta&;}uD;ae+yD r[kwfvm;?
avjyif ; av[k e f x J xd k ; cG J q ef w uf
av#muf v S r f ; vmcJ h p Of oif ; rd k ; u vG e f c J h o nf h
q,f h & S p f E S p f u k d c%jyef a &muf o G m ;onf ? 88
ta&;awmfyHk}uD; ay:xGufvmpOfu oif;rdk;u 6
ESpf orD;t&G,f? ,ckuJhodk@tHh=o&rSef;yifrod?
rcHpm;wwfao;? aus;&Gm v,form;xkawG
òrd@udkwuf+yD; tm%m&Sifukd jzKwfcsbdk@ qENjy
89
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

tHkºuG=uawmh tazyg0ifcJhyHkukd rSwfrdaeao; ausmf xkqpfco hJ nfh vlaygupf av;onf vG,vf ,

G f
onf? tazòrdŒujyefvmawmh “&Siw f @kd v,form; ululjzihf vl@avmuxJodk@ qif;vmcsifyHkr&?
awGaum ausmif;om;awGyg ae0if;ppfwyfu emusif ukdufcJr_a0'emukd rdcifu rcsdrqef@ cHpm;
aoewfeJ@ypf owfjzwfw,fqdk?”[k taru +yD;rS arG;zGm;jcif;ukd pavonf? rdaomf óuw
d ifa[m
xdwx f wd yf smysmar;cJhyHk taridkcJhyHkawGukd awG@jrif ude;f xkwfonhftwdkif; om;uav; “oHr%d”ukd
cJhbl;onf? ,ckawmh oif;rdk;udk,fwkdif tazh rdaomf arG;ay;vdkufavonf?
udk,fpm; yg0if&awmhrnf? txyfxyff tEkdifusifh
jc,fvS,faoG;pkyfonfh aESmifóud;rsm;ukd ukd,fpD
jzwf&awmhrnf? 3
ol w d k @ ES p f a ,muf wJ t d r f t qif h o d k @
a&mufonfESihf rdaomf atmf[pfnnf;nLonhf pd;k rif;tdr+f cHaxmifw h iG f wJwvH;k &So
d nf?
toHawGukd =um;&awmhonf? zefrD;tdrf eDvJhvJh rdk;wGif;umv rD;qkdufzdk@ opfom;cGJjcrf;rsm; xif;
atmufwiG f xdik af wG;aeonfh ukv d aS tmifudk E_wf acsmif;rsm;xm;onfh wJuav;? o&ufyif}uD;
rquftm;yJ tdrcf ef;av;xJ wef;0if oGm;=uonf? atmuf&Sd xdkwJuav;ukd o&ufyif&Gufudkif;
“rif;wk@d udk tdrt f jyifxu G +f y;D apmifah eao;w,f?” qHr#ifwGJv#m;rsm;u wJacgifrdk;odk@ jzef@vSrf;xm;
[k ukv d aS tmifajymonfudk E_ww f ek @f rjyefEidk af wmh? onf? =u,fyGifhrsm;ukd opf&Guft=um;rS awG@&
rdaomfu tdrfeH&Hukd arS;rSDxkdifae&mu wwfonf? xdkwJuav;xJu uGyfyspfwGif pdk;rif;
pd;k rif;ESio hf if;rd;k wk@d udk qGzJ ufxm;avonf? t&yf ESirhf ad omfw@kd aEGbufwiG x f ikd af eus? xdk wJuav;
vufonf a':xm;cifvnf; toifha&muf &SdaecJh &S&d mod@k tarSmifxx k w J iG f prf;w0g;0g; ESpaf ,muf
+yD? pd;k rif;tzGm; a':pdeyf iG Ehf iS hf 0dik ;f ul tm;xkwaf y; om; prf;av#mufvmcJh=uonf? ukdvSatmifu
rnfh w&Gmwnf;ae a':aºuG/ a':at;cdkifwkd@vnf; oif ; rd k ; vuf u k d q G J u m jruf a wmxJ az;ul
a&mufae=u+y?D at;rd;k u “tazay;vdu k w
f hJ a&ref; wGJav#mufvmcJhonf?
udk aomufvdkufygvm;? rdaomfcav;rD;zGm;&wm =u,fyGifhrsm;u aysmufuG,fae&mrS
vG,f&rwJh? a&ref;qdkwm ,Hk=unfr_udk tm;ay; xGufay:vmum wdrfwkdufxJwGif w&dyf&dyf ajy;
wmayg?h tdrrf mS tazu rdaomftwGuf *gxmawG aeavonf? apmapmu ,drf;xdk; v_yfcgaeaom
&Gwaf y;aeav&JŒ”[kqu k d m a&ref;wku d af vonf? opfyifrsm;rSm +idrfoufp/ tdyfarmusp? wEGJ@EGJ@
“uJæ pd;k rif;/ xGu/f tdrt f jyifrmS xGuf wdu k cf wfqrJ ;kd avu olw@kd EpS Of ;D ukd at;pdrhf vmap
apmifhaeayawmh? rif;rdef;r rD;zGm;bdk@eD;ae+yD”? cJo
h nf?ukv d aS tmifuoif;rd;k vufuzd k zG q G yk x
f m;onf?
a':xm;cifu pdk;rif;ukdtdrftjyifodk@ “'DnrSmyJ &Gmjyefr,f/ rdoif;vdkufEdkif
v$wfvdkufonf? pdk;rif;u “bmrSra=umufeJ@ t rvm; cdk;&mvdkufcJh”
jyifrmS ud, k &f adS er,f[w k v f m;? tm;wif;+yD; arG;cs oif;rd;k u rvdu k bf ;l [kajzawmh bmjzpf
vdu k pf rf;ygred ;f r&,f”[kqu kd m xGuv f mcJo h nf? vd@k v[ J k xyfar;onf? r=umjzLu udv k aS tmifudk
em&D0ufcef@t=umwGif tdrcf ef;uav; &efawG@rSmaygh[k ajzrdpOf oif;rdk;ukd odrf;ayG@xm;
onf vlpnfum;&m òrd@av;wòrd@ES,f ±_yfaxG; vdkufonf?
qlnHvmavonf? rdcif 0rf;=umwdkufwGif udk;v
90
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

“=umjzLu ajym+yD;om; udk,fhudk tudk “oGm;=updk@aemf odyfnOfheufvm+yD?

wa,mufvkd cifwmxufrydb k ;l wJ?h oif;rd;k &ifuJG reuf aumufpdkufqif;&tHk;rSm udk@udk owd&
atmif rvkyfbl;wJh? +yD;awmh ol@rSm&nf;pm;eJ@/ aerSmyg? udk@vdkyJ vGrf;aerSmyg? ”
acolr[kwfyg qdkwJhtxJuyJ” pd;k rif; vmcJrh ,fv@kd ajymw,f? zm;rD;tkyf
“rdoif;ukd rapmifhEkdif&ifawmh tjcm; ,lvmcJhvdrfhr,f? rdoif;ukd vdkufydk@=urSmyg[k
wa,mufeJ@ tdrfaxmifòyygav? 'g[mjzpfoifh ukvd aS tmifuajym&if; E_wq f uferf;um oif;rd;k ukd
ygw,f ? tck a vmavmq,f tcspf a &;xuf od r f ; ayG @ xm;vd k u f j yef o nf ? uG y f y spf a y:wG i f
acwfta&;u ydck ufw,f? ykt d a&;}u;D w,f r[kwf ESpfa,mufom; xdkifusoGm;avonf?
vm;? 'Dvdkacwftajymif;tvJxJrSm wudk,fa&
cHpm;zdk@ wudk,faumif;vkyfzdk@ukd ab;z,fxm;ygrS
vkyfp&m&SdwmawGukd xdxdrdrd vkyfEkdifrSm”
xyf+yD;qif;&JrSmpdk;vdk@ tdrfaxmifrðy
wmxuf qif;&Jb0 vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf Ò Ò Ò
±kef;uefzdk@ tdrfaxmifrðyao;wmukd oif;rdk;u
ajymjcif;jzpfonf? ,cifuxuf pdwu f ajymif;vJ
jyif;xefvmcJhonf? oif;rdk;u ukdvSatmifukd 9 / 9 / 2006
jyefI em;csonf? ukdvSatmifu oabmaygufcJh opPmtrSwf (11) Ekd0ifbmv/ 2006
+yD;om;? oif;rd;k txifvaJG erSmpd;k Iom tdraf xmif
ðyzd k @ oif ; rd k ; uk d awmif ; qd k a ejcif ; jzpf o nf ?
ukdvSatmifu pdk;rif;ESifhrdaomfwkd@ukd tm;uscJh
bl;onf? b0udx k o kd @dk yif cspw
f ohJ o l if;rd;k ESifh twl
wG±J ek ;f uefcsio
f nf? ,ckawmh apmif&h ayOD;awmhrnf?
ukdvSatmifu oif;rdk;ukd wckyJ awmif;qdkonf?
“a0;ae=utH k ; r,f q d k a yrJ h / ra0;&
atmif eD;yg&aprdoif;&,f [kwv f m;? csed ;f awG@ciG hf
ay;ygaemf? pdk;rif;qDvmae&rSmyg? rdoif; ajymo
vdkyJ ta&;}uD;vm+yDav? jyifqifp&m &SdwmawG
ukd jyifqifxm;=u&vdrfhr,f? 'Da&mufvm&if
rdoif;eJ@awG@&rSmyJ r[kwfvm; ”
rdoif;u ukv d aS tmif&ifciG x f J ausmckid ;f
arS;rSDxm;&mu &ifcsif;tyfum rsufESm csif;qdkif
vdu k o f nf? oif;rd;k rsuEf mS yg;jyifay:od@k =um±d;k EG,f
rsm;ozG,f ol@vufacsmif;rsm;jzifh tomt,m
prf;zdxm;vdkufonf? ol@terf;yGifhrsm;u rdoif;
yg;jyifxufwGif txyfxyf yGifhcJhavonf?
91
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

yGiahf <uawmu yef;av;yGihf

“rdef;ra& æ vGrf;w,fa[h æ ”
ròrdodyfEkdifawmhbJ v$wfceJ@a&&Gwfvdkufrdonf? &ifxJwGif tHkusif;zGJ@ cdkatmif;vmaeonfh
tvGrf;u a&wrH usKd;aygufonfhES,f t[kefjzifh ckefxGufvmonf? wu,ftvGrf;u wvGrf;xJ
r[kwf? ESpfvGrf;? om;uav;udkyg vGrf;onf? rdef;rudka&m om;udkyg touf±SLwdkif; vGrf;rdonf?
bwfaiGwaxmifudk rdoD b,fodk@&atmifacs;rnfenf;? uav;wzufESifh zwfzwfarmatmif aiG&Sm&
vdrfhrnf? oli,fcsif;rdwfaqGxH ajcz0g;rD;cdk;xGufatmif tajy;a&mufum acs;iSm; &SmazGaevdrfhrnf?
ESpf&uf=umcJh+yD? onftcef;wGif ESpfntdyfcJh&+yD? wwd,nudkyif acsmacsmarmarm a&mufvmonf?
aiGESifhtwl rdoDuawmh a&mufrvm? tcsKyfcef;xJa&mufcJhonfh &ufpGJudkawmh rSwfxm;vdkufonf?
1992 ZEM0g&D 20 &uf?
tvkyf&SifolaX;u 'DaiGwaxmifudk ulnDEkdif&if b,favmuf aumif;vdkufavrvJ?
xdktawG;a=umifh pdwfxJwGif tvGrf;armjzifhr_ef r_dif;ae&mrS vif;vufoGm;onf? [kwfw,f? olaX;u
ulnD&if b,favmufaumif;vdkufrvJ/ wpfESpftwGif;rSm ,dk;',m; vkyfief;&Sifuav;rS vkyfief;&Sif
olaX;}uD; jzpfvmapzdk@ olwdk@vkyftm;awGu t&if;tESD; ðyay;cJh&onf? vGefcJhonfhESpfu vkyfief;
uefx±kdufwmuav;? ,ck vkyfief;&Sif}uD; olaX;}uD;? vkyfief;&Sif}uD; jzpfvmap&ef Armtvkyform;
awGtm;vHk;u vkyftm;c tESdrfcH&avonf? xdkodk@ tjrwfxkwf aoG;pkyfcH&av vkyfief;&SifawGrSm
}uD;yGm;csrf;omavav? w&m;r0if aexdkifoltjzpf ykvdyfuzrf;qD;+yD; tcsKyfcef;xJydk@cJh+yD;+yD? olaX;u
u,fwifygrh vm;? vkyt f m;c tESrd cf +H yD; ac|;eJ@tvkyv
f yk cf o hJ nfukd axmuf±i_ n hJ m‡ +yD; u,fwifygrh vm;?
vlr_a&;odyghrvm;? u,fwifw,fqdkwm b0wljcif;rSu,fwifrSm? tjrwftpGef;&a&;twGuf
vljzpfaewJhvlawGu u,fwifvdkwJh vlr_a&;pdwf"mwf&Sdyghrvm;vdk@ ar;&wmudku rSm;oGm;+yD? tawmf
udk vGeu f |o
H mG ;+yD? igoh il ,fcsi;f ausmaf t;wd@k / oHv;kH wd@k / zd;k axmifw@dk u igjh y\emudk ausmckid ;f ae=urSm
r[kwfbl;? 'DaumifawGu ta&;}uD;+yD aoG;eD;=ur,fhaumifawG? ig,Hkw,f? rdoDawmh 'DaumifawGeJ@
oGm;awG@ae+yD?aiG&zdk@}uH=uzef=u vkyfae=u+yD;aygh?
rdow D @kd om;trdukd owd&vGr;f wonfh tvGr;f oDóud;wGif tawG;yGihf woD}uD;ygvmcJo h nf?
b0wlawGu aoG;eD;=urSmyg[k awG;vdkufpOfrSm tcsKyfcef;eH&Hudk jzef;ceJ ausmfa0 ±dkufrdvsufom;
jzpfoGm;onf? apmapmu armarmESifh EGrf;usaeaompdwfu a&xd=umyef;ES,f vef;ºuGvmcJhonf?
axmifusawmhvnf; wvcGJESpfvaygh? axmifxJaevdkuf±HkyJ? jr0wDwzufurf;txd trd_ufoGefwJh
txJ ygoGm;awmhvnf; vdkufoGm;&ao;wmaygh?
,d;k ',m;bufu tm%mydik af wGu xdu k ohJ @dk r=umc% trdu _ o f eG wf wfonf? jynfwiG ;f ppf
'%f/ pD;yGm;a&;'%f/ zdESdyfr_'%f/ '%f&mtxyfxyfESifh a&mufvmcJh=uonfh w&m;r0ifaexkdifol
Armwdkif;&if;om;awGukd zrf;qD;/ aiGn‡pf/ '%f±dkuf/ axmifcs+yD;awmhrS trd_ufoGefonf[kqdkum
92
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

Armwkdif;&if;om;rsm;ukd taemufzufurf; jr0wDajray:ta&muf oGefavh&Sdonf r[kwfvm;?

w&m;r0ifaexdkifol ppfajy;'kuQonfrsm;ukd trd_ufawGwJh/ vlpifppfu trd_ufawGjzpfoGm;+yD? ausmfa0
u tqHk;pGefxd awG;ypfvdkufonf? taumif;qHk;xuf tqdk;qHk;ukd &ifqdkif=unfhaerdonf?
tcsKyfcef;twGif;odk@ wif;=urf;0ifa&mufvmonfh ajcoHrsm;/ oHóud; xdyGef;±dkufcwfoHrsm;/
[def;xaeaom qJqdkqlnHoHrsm;u ausmfa0. tawG;prsm;udk jzwfvdkufavonf? tcsKyfcef;
wHcg;zGifhoH/ oHóud;±dkufcwfoHrsm;u tcsKyfcef;xJodk@ v#Husvmonf? wnaecif; vl&Sif;ae&mrS ,ckrl
jyefvnfpnfum;vmjyef+yD? ausmfa0ESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkif tcsKyfcef;axmifhwGif idkufarS;aeaom
,dk;',m;ESpfa,mufvnf; tvef@w=um; Edk;xvmcJhonf? olwdk@u rJaqmufaps;xJrS qdkifawGudk
nbufwiG f azmufxiG ;f cd;k ,lonfh azmufxiG ;f olc;kd awG? aemufEpS af ,mufu pm;aomufqikd yf ikd &f iS u f kd
±dkufr_/ qdkifudkzsufqD;r_ESifh tcsKyfcef;xJudk a&mufvmaecJholawG? olwdk@uvnf; t&ufemusae&mrS
Edk;vm=uonf? rsufaxmifheDawGESifh vSrf;=unfhum xdkif&mrS &yfvdkuf=uonf? ,dkifeJ@eJ@jzpfaeonf?
wa,mufu nmbuf rsufESmwjcrf;vHk; a&mifudkif;aeonf? qHyif&Snf&Snf tom;ndKndK/ Av
awmifhawmifh? ol@udk qH&Snfiay[k ausmfa0u trSwfoauFw ðyxm;onf? wa,mufu rsufcHk;ESifh
ezl;wGif '%f&mESi?hf zm;ckn H if;a=umuke;f jzpfaeonf? qHyifww kd /kd *kww
f w
kd /kd ol@ukd zm;cHn
k if;[k rSwaf w;
xm;vdkufonf?
ykvdyfESpfa,mufu tcsKyfcef;oHwHcg;udk qGJzGifhonf? rmefrJ [def;a[muf qJqdkvkyfaeonf?
wc%wGif tcsKyfcef;xJodk@ vlav;a,muf0ifvmonf? ,dk;',m;wa,mufrSryg? Armjynfom;awG
jzpfae=uonf?
tcsKyfcef;xJo@kd a&SŒqH;k rS0ifvmolukd qH&n
S if ayu bmrajymnmrajymESihf qD;I vufo;D ESihf
xkd;onf? txdk;cH&olu a&Smifwdrf;ypfvdkufonf? xyfxdk;jyefonf? txdk;cH&ol xkdArmtrsKd;om;u
wud, k v
f ;kH v$IJ a&Smifvu dk pf Of qH&nS if ay. vufo;D onf tcsKyfcef; oHbm*smwHcg;udk xd;k rdvsuo f m;
jzpfoGm;onf? zm;cHknif;u qH&Snfiayukd &yfcdkif;vdkufonf? qH&Snfiay. nmvufoD;wGif ta&jym;
qkwfvefoGm;um aoG;rsm;pdk@vmavonf? qufrxdk;awmh vufoD;ukd qkyfn‡pfxm;um a'go
axmif;axmif;xum awG+yD;&yf=unfhaeonf? wa,mufcsif;udk r_efawawt=unfhjzifh vdkuf=unfh
onf? trSefu Adkvfvkjcif;jzpfonf? okd@aomf b,folrS jyefvnfpdefac: jcif; rvkyf=u? t&uf&Sdefu
ajyyHkr&? ,drf;xdk;aeao;onf?
“'DtcsKyfcef;[m ightdrfyJ æ b,folpdefac:csifovJ/ xGufvmcJhprf; tcsKyfcef;xJrSmvnf;
pdeaf c:vd@k &w,f æ axmiftjyifbufrmS vnf; pdeaf c:vd@k &w,f/ b,fopl ed af c:rvJ æ xGuv f mcJph rf;”
,dk;',m;u ol.bmompum;jzifh ajymum pdefac:vdkufjcif;jzpfonf? E_wfcrf;ar$;awG
ukyf0ifaeaomyg;pyfu &GJŒapmif; wGef@vdrfoGm;onf? rsufvHk;rsm;udk twif;+zJum jyL;xm;&ojzifh
ZD;uGufrsufvHk;rsm;ES,f jyL;us,feD&Jaeonf? ol@pdefac:oHu v#mvdyfum 0g;aeao;onf? e*dkrlv
twdkif;yJ rsufvHk;rsm;u arS;pif;um idkufusoGm;jyefonf?“vlrdkuftwk}uD;vm;rS rodwm”[lI
ausmfa0u qH&Snfiayudk=unfhum aumufcsufcsvdkufonf? zm;cHknif;u qH&SnfiayuJhodk@ tda+EN
rysufvS? tcsKyfcef;a'gifhudk ai;pdkuf=unfhaewwfonf? wckck awG;aeyHkvnf;&onf? ,dk;',m;olcdk;
ESpfa,mufuvnf; bmrS rwHk@jyef=u? tcsKyfcef;xJ 0if&mufvmcJh=uonfh vlopfav;a,mufrSm
93
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

pdefac:zdk@a0;pG? bmvkyf&rSef;yif rod? tcsKyfcef;xJ 0ifvmvmjcif; tcef;0rSqD;I xdk;}udwf }udrf;armif;

onfudk cH=u&ojzifh tcef;0rSmyJ rv_yfr,Suf ausmufqpf±kyfrsm; jzpfae=uonf?
“ 'DrmS aemif}uD;æ usKyfw@kd 't D cef;xJ a&mufvmwm &efjzpfz@kd r[kwb f ;l æ pdeaf c:zd@k vmwm
vnf;r[kwb f ;l æ rdu
k zf @kd awzd@k vmcJw
h m r[kwb f ;l ? aemif}uD;udk wk,OS +f yD;rdu
k rf mS r[kwb f ;l qdw k m,Hyk g
æ usKyfrSmowdW&Sdw,f/ 'gayrJh rrdkufbl;As? 'DtcsKyfcef;[m aemif}uD;&JŒtdrfjzpfw,fqdk&if usaemfwkd@
c%vmaewmyJAsm aemif}uD;tdrrf mS c%vmaeyg&apAsm [kwv f m; æ usKyfw@kd wawG[m tcsKyfom;
nDtpfudkawGyJ/ oli,fcsif;awGy/J cifcifrifrifaeyg&apAsm [kwfvm; ”
ausmfa0u òyH;IcsKdI ajymonf? qH&Snfiayu r_efawawpdkuf=unfhum ausmfa0&Sd&modk@
wa&GŒa&GŒ av#mufvmonf? wae&mwGif ,dik x f uG o f mG ;ao;onf? ausmaf 0ha&SŒwGif pH&k yfum ausmaf 0
udk r_efI=unfhaeonf? ausmfa0utòyH;rysuf? qH&Snfiay. vufESpfzufonf ajrmufwufvmum
ausmfa0udk odkif;zufxm;vdkufonf? tiftm;ESifh zdzufvdkufojzifh ausmfa0yg ,drf;v_yfoGm;onf?
ausmfa0uyg ol@ausmudk zufxm;vdkufonf?
“ightdrfrSm rif;wdk@vmaewm æ 'gqdk&if igauseyfw,fuGm æ ”
tcsKyfom;awGtm;vHk; zm;cHknif;uvGJvdk@ òyH;vkduf=uonf? ausmufqpf±kyfaorsm;rSm
v_yfcwf a&GŒvsm;oGm;um tcef;eH&Hrsm;qDodk@ toD;oD; a&mufvmcJh=uonf? touf±_ acsmifcsd
oGm;=uonf? wzufowfwdkufyGJrSm av#m@usajy+idrf;oGm;+yD? qH&Snfiayu “'gighq&myJuG”[kqdkum
zm;cHknif;bufukd vSnf@=unfh rdwfquf&if; olwdk@ta=umif;udk [dkwp 'Dwpajym=uonf?
olwkd@u 'DòrdŒu a'ocHawGr[kwf? tjcm;c±dkif tjcm;a'oujzpfonf? olwdk@udk bwfaiG
wodef; vdrfoGm;cJhonfh vlrdkufESpfa,mufudk vdkuf&Sm&mu 'DòrdŒudk a&mufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? vGefcJh
onfhnu pm;aomufqdkifxJwGif &efjzpfcJh=u&m tjyeftvSef±dkuf=u ESuf=u t"du±kef;jzpfcJh=uonf?
olwdk@±dkufcJhonfh vlESpfa,mufrSm aq;±HkwGif twGif;vlemtjzpf wifxm;&onf? aorSef;&SifrSef;
rod&ao;? '%f&mu}uD;onf? pkd;&drfp&m&Sdaeonf? qH&Snfiayajymor# [dkwp'Dwpudk quf=unfh
rdor# tenf;i,f ±kyfvHk;ay:vmonf?

Ð Ð Ð

“olrsm;ypPnf;udk ckd;,lwJhaumifqdk&if iguodyfrkef;wm? odyfvnf;&,fcsifw,f æ tawmf

owWda=umifwJholawG? tJ'D owWda=umifwJhaumifawGudkrS 'DtcsKyfcef;xJrSm vmawG@&w,fuGm?
'DaumifawGukd rkef;&rSmvm;/ oem;&rSmvm;/ ighudk,fukdigawmif rodawmhbl;[m æ ”
qH&Snfiayu oufjyif;wcsufcs&if; av;av;yifyifajymonf? ol@q&mzm;cHknif;u
“rif;[m awmfawmf pum;ajymEkid w f ahJ umify/J aeraumif;wJ=h um;u zsm;aewJ=h um;u pum;ajymEkid w
f hJ
aumify”J [kqu
kd m pum;rajymzd@k wm;onf? q&mzm;cHn k if;u rJajymifa&mifuikd ;f aeaom ol@ezl;xufrS
'%f&mrsm;udk ypfxm;um ol@rdwfaqGqH&Snfiay. rsufESmrS '%f&mrsm;udk zm;creHi,fydkif;jzifh
94
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

=uyfxkyfxkd;ay;aeonf? ausmfa0ESifhtwl Armjynfom; ESpfa,mufrSm qH&SnfiayxH a&mufvm cJh=u

onf? ausmfa0u vufjzifh [dkprf;'Dprf; prf;onf? aoGckefE_ef;udk prf;=unfhonf? “aemifawmf}uD;a&
cifAsm;awmh zsm;ae+yDAsKŒd æ”[kqu kd m usaemfw@kd wwfor#rw S o f r# aq;uk=uwmaygAh sm[k ajymonf?
ArmESpaf ,mufrmS ausmo f ef;ESihf apmatmifw@kd jzpf=uonf? ausmo f ef;u t&yfyyk /k rsuEf mS av;axmif/h
E_wfcrf;ar$;usifpG,fESifh? apmatmifu t&yf&Snf&Snf/ rsufESm0dkif;0dkif;/ ar;±dk;um;um;? olwdk@ESpfOD;u
q&mzm;cHknif;vufxJrS eHi,fydkif;ukd,lum vufoD;vHk; t&G,ftpm; t0wfxkyfwxkyf ðyvkyf+yD;
tmaiG@ay;onf? w[l;[l;tmaiG@ay;? tmaiG@jzifhylaEG;vmonfh =uyfxkyfudk '%f&mjzifh a&mifudkif;
aeaom rsufESmay:odk@ cyfzGzGzdzd =uyfxkyfxdk;ay;onf? ausmfoef; tmanmif;aomtcg apmatmif
uwvSnfh =uyfxkyfxdk;ay;onf? ausmfa0u q&mzm;cHknif;ezl;ay:rS/ zm;cHknif; ausmukef; '%f&m
'%fcsuu f kd =uyfxyk x f ;kd ay;onf? yxrawmh ausmaf 0u Armwdik ;f &if;om;awG[m tnHch w H wfw,f?
vlaysmhvlnHhawG jzpfw,fqdkonfh txiftjrifrsKd; jzpfvmrSmpdk;I bmrSrðypkvkd? aemufawmh ±_yfaxG;
onfh ol@pdwful;udk &Sif;&Sif;oef@oef@jzpfoGm;atmif ajymif;vJypfvkdufonf? tusOf;om;b0wlcsif;
ulnD±dkif;yif;wm jzpf&r,f[k ajymif;vJypfvdkufonf? vdyfjymoef@oGm;onf? pdwf"mwf pdwful;rSm
oef@oGm;onf?
“cifAsm;wdk@ acgif;cGHawG t±dk;tqufawGu tawmfrmwmyJAs/ acgif;vnf;ruGJ t±dk;vnf;
wacsmif;rusKd; tawmfrmwJhvlawGAs ”
w[l;[l; tmaiG@ay;=uyfxkyfxdk;&if; [movkyfonf? w&if;wESD; jzpfvmcJh+yDjzpfonfh
twGuf tysif;vnf;ajy/ [movnf;vkyfum &if;ESD;r_,ljcif;jzpfonf? qH&SnfiayESifh q&mzm;cHknif;
wdk@onf tcsKyfcef;=urf;cif;ay:wGif tenf;i,fjcm;um ausmcif;vJavsmif;ae=uonf? qH&Snfiayu
wusdusd tH}udwfum rsufvHk;arS;xm;onf? q&mzm;cHknif;u tcsKyfcef; rsufESmusufay:wGif
ol@t=unhfukd ausmufcsxm;avonf? pum;enf;ol/ tawG;}uD;ol tawG;orm;vnf; jzpfEkdifonf?
“rif;uawmh rif;tdrf&Sifray:rSm rlwnfwmaygh? 'Dae@aiGvmay;&if 'Dae@vGwfrSmyJuG? pdk;&drf
p&m r&Sdygbl;uGm? 'DESpfa,mufu olwkd@vkyfief;&Sif&JΠqeftdwfwtdwfudk cdk;rdvdk@wJhvm;? at;uG
bGefcsKdif;ajymovdkyJ oem;p&mawmh taumif;om;? [kdArmvli,fESpfa,mufu jr0wD Armppfwyf
bufuv$wv f u
kd w
f hJ axmufvrS ;f a&; pykid af wGwv hJ m;? 'DEpS af ,mufuawmh odyrf vG,b f ;l xifw,f”?
q&mzm;cHn k if;u pum;pajymav+yD? ausmaf 0udw k ikd w
f nf+yD; ajymjcif;jzpfonf? tusO;f om;
b0wljcif; bma=umifh tcsKyfcef; xJa&mufvm=uyHk pyfrpd yf&m ajymrd=u&if;u wa,mufta=umif;udk
wa,mufu od&x dS m;+yD;om;? 'guykd J q&mzm;cHn k if;u twnfðyum jyefar;jcif;jzpfonf? ausmo f ef;
ESifhapmatmifu q&mzm;cHknif;ajymonfudk em;pGifh&if; pdkuf=unfhae=uonf?
“usaemfwdk@ qefwtdwfcdk;rdwJhtwGuf qefESpftdwfzdk; av#mfa=u; ay;csifw,fAsm? cdk;r_qdkawmh
b,fvdk jzpfvmEkdifrvJ q&m}uD;? usaemfwdk@rSm bmtawG@tóuHrS r&Sdbl;As? usaemfwkd@olaX;u
usaemfwdk@udk w&m;pGJEdkifrvm;”
ausmfoef; ar;onfudk csufcsif;rajzao;bJ awG+yD;pOf;pm;=unfhaeonf?
“,dk;',m;tcsif;csif; jzpfw,fqdk&if 'Davmuf jy\em}uD;rSm r[kwfbl;? 'Dvdke,fpyf
a'orSm vlrsKd;rwlwm&,f Armjynfbufuae cdk;a=umifcdk;0Suf vmae&wm&,fqdkawmh ajz&Sif;&
95
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

cufvdrfhr,f? olaX;ay:rSm trsm;}uD;rlwnfw,f? e,fpyfawGrSmu w&m;Oya' r&Sdbl;av? vm+yD;

ykef;atmif;aeae&wJh ArmawGtwGuf Oya'r&Sdbl;”?
pum;rajymjzpfbJ +idrfoufoGm;=uonf? axmufvSrf;a&; pydkifqdk+yD; tpGyfpGJcHxm;&ol
tcef;axmifh&Sd vli,fESpfa,mufrSm ESpfa,mufom; wD;wdk;ajymvkduf &,foGrf;vdkuf? ,dk;',m;
ESpfa,mufrSmvnf; ol@tawG;ESifhol tcef;axmifhrSm ai;armv#uf?
ArmawGtwGuf Oya'r&Sb d ;l wJv
h m;? ausmo
f ef;/ apmatmifEiS fh ausmaf 0wd@k em;xJ/ &ifxw
J iG f
v_yfcg yJhwifxyfaeaomtoH? w&m;r0ifvdk@ Oya'r&Sdbl;qdkonfudk od&Sd+yD;om;yJ? tcsKyfcef;xJ
ra&mufvmrDu pd;k &drpf &mtjzpfom cHpm;&aom w&m;r0ifaexdik o f nfjh y\emonf tcsKyfcef;xJwiG f
xdwfvef@ acsmufcsm;aponf? ausmfoef;ESifh apmatmifwdk@ wa,mufrsufESm wa,muf =unfhvdkuf
=uonf? igwdk@ bmvkyf=u&rvJqdkonfh t=unfhrsKd;?

Ð Ð Ð

tcsKyfcef; wwd,ajrmufnwGif ausmfoef;ESifhapmatmifwdk@. rdwfaqG bat;u axmif

0ifpmvmawG@onf? tpm;tpmESifh aq;vdyfvmydk@&if; tjyifudkrSm=um;csifwm rSm=um;Ekdifa=umif;
axmif0ifpmvmawG@ol bat;u ajymonf? ausmfoef;uausmfa0udk bmrSmcsifovJ? ausmfa0hZeD;
rdoDudk bmajymay;&rvJ[k ar;onf? ausmfa0url aiGudktjrefqHk; &SmazG+yD;vmawG@ygvdk@ ZeD;onf
rdoDudkrSmonf? xdk@tjyifvnf; rSmp&mr&Sd? ausmfoef;u olwdk@ESpfa,mufudk acsmufcscJhonfh azmf
aumifvyk cf o hJ l ,d;k ',m;vkyif ef;&Sit
f rd w
f iG f twlvyk af zmfuikd zf uf ryef;a&$ukd rSmvdu
k o
f nf? “tcsKyfcef;
xJu xGufvm&ifawmh awG@=uao;wmaygh? tawG@rcHbl; xGufajy;r,fqdk&ifvnf; vdkufowfrSmyJ
vGwfatmifom ajy;ayawmh” [k ajymcdkif;vdkufonf?
ausmfoef;ESifhapmatmifwdk@u awmifilta&SŒbufjcrf;u t&yfom;awG? pmoifausmif;
qdkonfrSm jzLovm; rJovm; ar;,l&vdrfhrnf? Armpmay rwwfajrmufovdk u&ifpmayvnf;
bmrSroif=um;cJh&? awmif,muGuf/ awmawmif v#dKajrmifESifh aoewfoHrsm;=um;wGif }uD;jyif;
cJh=u&olawG? ESpfaygif;w&mausmfu twdkif;yif awmif,mpdkuf/ r#pfcsKd;/ zufcl;/ zufaumuf/ =uufiSuf
arG;=u? vGefcJhonfhESpfaygif; 40 ausmf 50 avmufupI ppfajy;&/ &Gmajymif;a&$Œ&/ aoewfoHukd
em;axmif+yD; usD;vef@pm pm;aexkdifcJh=u&onf? xdkb0uolwdk@udk oif=um;ydk@csay;cJhonfrSm ±kd;tjcif;
yifjzpfonf? aemufwcku xHkxkdif;jcif;jzpfonf? b0&Sifoefxufjrufa&;/ b0ajymif;vJa&;qdkonfh
acwfrDonfh vlwef;pm;wdk@. tawG;tjrifrsKd; vHk;0r&SdcJhjcif;ESifh vmbfrjrif jcif;wdk@u olwdk@b0wGif
ae&m,lxm;=uonf? xdk@a=umifhvnf; &ifxJrSm&Sdaeonfh a'gotwdkif; rodk0SufbJ a&SŒaemuf
rpOf;pm;awmhbJ ryef;a&$udk &mZoHay;vdkufjcif;jzpfonf?
aemufw&ufwGif ausmfoef;ESifh apmatmifwdk@. &mZoHudk wHk@jyefonfh wHk@jyefcsufrsm;udk
olw@kd EpS af ,mufpvH;k yif jyefvnf cHpm; =u&avawmhonf? tcsKyfcef;od@k a&mufvmonfh axmif0ifpm
96
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

awG@ol olwdk@.rdwfaqG bat;u ryef;a&$ESifh ,dk;',m;vkyfief;&Sifwdk@. wHk@jyefr_rsm;udk ,laqmif

vmcJhonf?
“ryef;a&$uawmh olaX;a&SŒrSmyJ òyH;òyH;&$if&$ifeJ@ ajymvdkufwmuawmh igudkowfzdk@ eifwdk@rSm
tcsdefr&Sdawmhbl;vdk@ ajymvdkufprf;ygwJh ausmfoef;a&? ryef;a&$uawmh tawG@cHzkd@toifhygyJwJh?
xGurf ajy;ygb;l wJ?h ,d;k ',m;vkyif ef;&Si&f ŒJ r,m;i,f jzpfomG ;+yDqw kd m ajymvdu k yf gw?hJ rif;wd@k ,d;k ',m;
vkyfief;&Sif ajymvdkufwmuawmh rif;wdk@ESpfa,muf b,fawmhrS jyefvmvdk@r&wJh ae&mudk ydk@ay;
vdkufyghr,fwJh”
axmif0ifpmvmawG@ol bat;u apmatmifEiS ahf usmo f ef;wd@k ay;vdu k o f nfh &mZoH twkid ;f
yif ryef;a&$udk ajymjyonf? enf;enf;uav;rSyif xdrfcsefrxm;cJh? ryef;a&$u rsuf&nfcHxdk;um
“usrudk u,fygOD; tudk}uD;&,f”[k olaX;udk toem;cHonf?“bmrSryleJ@ igwm0ef,lw,f” [k
qdkum ryef;a&$udk odrf;ydkufvdkufonf? tay;t,l t&mif;t0,f òyvkyf+yD;onfhaemuf ausmfoef;
ESifhapmatmifwdk@ ESpfa,muftwGuf &mZoHwHk@jyefcsufrsm;udk axmif0ifpmvmawG@onfh bat;rS
wqifh ay;ydk@vkdufjcif;jzpfonf?
“a[haumifbat; igwdk@udkvm+yD; aemufraeeJ@/ nmraeeJ@/ owif;trSefudkajymprf;yg?
owif;trSefudk odcsifw,f? igwdk@udk w&m;pGJrvm;/ rpGJbl;vm; odcsifw,f? ”
apmatmifu rsufESm udk±H_@rJ@&if; ar;onf? bat;ajymonfudk vHk;0r,Hk? aemufajymif
aejcif;jzpfonf[k xifae=uonf? ausmfoef;u ta&;xJ vmaemufraeprf;ygeJ@uGm[k ajymonf?
bat;u 'Dwcgawmh cyfqwfqwfajymonf? tcsKyfcef;xJu vGwfatmifxGufajy;Ekdif&ifawmh
ajy;ayawmh? rajy;Ekdif&ifawmh rif;wdk@ESpfa,mufudk owfvdrfhr,f[k ,wdjywfajymcsvdkufonf?
“rif;wdk@qD ra&mufrD ryef;a&$udk igxyfawG@ygao;w,f? Armtcsif;csif; rvkyfoifhbl;/
r&ufpufoifhbl;vkd@ igajymjyygw,f? rif;wdk@u ol@udk &ufpufwmjzpfw,fvkd@ ajymw,f? ausmfoef;eJ@
apmatmifukd igwm0ef,w l ,f? bmrS rjzpfap&ygb;l qd+k yD; em;csayr,fh vufveG u f ek +f yDv@kd bJ ajymawmh
w,f? olvnf;r,m;i,fjzpfae+yD rxl;awmhbl;wJh? axmifu vGufvm&ifvnf; 'DaumifawG ighudk
owfrSmwJh? igvnf;rif;wdk@twGuf odyfpdwfylw,f bmvkyf&rSef;vnf; rodawmhbl; ”
rD;avmifòrdufcH&aom yef;yGifhES,f oHk;a,mufpvHk; EGrf;vstdkusoGm;onf? bat;rSmrl
axmif0ifpm awG@onft h csed f ukeq
f ;kH onfEiS hf jyefomG ;&onf? ol@rw d af qGawGEiS hf xyfawG@ xyfwikd yf if+yD;
vGwfatmif óud;pm;yghr,fqdk+yD; tm;ay;onfhwdkif cdk;r_ESifh &mZoHay;+cdrf;ajcmufr_a=umifh u,fwif&ef
tvSrf;a0;onfxuf a0;vmcJh=uonf?
apmatmifESifhausmfoef;rSm aerxd xdkifrxd? olwdk@acgif;udk rD;pGJavmifae+yD? todynm
qif;&Jonfhtcg ajymrSod xdrSemwwfonf? ynmrJhonfhtcg aowGif;a&mufvmrS ynm&wwf
avonf? wu,fawmh b0u pum;ajymonf? vl@todw&m; todynm ºuG,f0cGifhr&&Smonfh
b0awGuyif aowGif;udk ydk@aqmifcJhjcif;r[kwfygvm;? aorif;ESifh ,ckawG@&+yD? xdwfxdwfysmysm
cHpm;vm&+yD? bmvkyf&rvJ? tp&Smr&awmh? xdknu ausmfa0udkzGifh+yD; wdkifyif=uonf? ausmfoef;rSm
wkefv_yfajcmufjcm;aeum pum;ajympOf wcgwcg idkoHygaeavonf? om;orD; ZeD;r,m;ESifh t+yD;
tydkif cGJ&awmhrSmygvm;qdkonfh tawG;awGu ESpfa,mufpvHk;.&ifudk qdk@eifhapavonf?
97
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

ausmfa0uvnf; axmif0ifpmvmawG@onfh bat;ajymcJhovkdyJ” &mZ0wfab; ajy;EkdifrS

vGwrf ,f? 'ga=umifh ajy;Ekid &f if vGww f ,fa[h” [k nmoHjzifah jymonf? ausmaf 0u &cdik v f wG af jrmufa&;
awmfvSefa&;wyfu &Jabmf? awmfvSefa&;wyfrS acwWE_wfxGufum tvkyfvkyfaejcif; jzpfonf? cGifhaph
onfhaemufwESpfrSm awmfvSefa&;wyfudk jyefoGm;rSmjzpfonf? ausmfa0u olwdk@ESpfa,muf. q&m
}uD; jzpfvmaeonf? owd&Sdzdk@/ owWd&Sdzdk@ Om%f&Sdzdk@ajymjyonf? armifayguf}udKif;yHkjyifudk ajymjyum
vGwaf jrmufatmif }uHqaezd@k owd0&d , d &Szd @kd / ar;jref;oif,zl @kd vdt
k yfa=umif; oifcef;pm xkwjf yonf?
+yD;awmhrS avS0rf;xJrS vGwfajrmufatmif }udK;pm;cJh=uonfh ig;oHk;aumif. yHkjyifudk ajymjyonf?
xdk@aemufwGifawmh olwdk@ESifh &if;ESD;cifrifae=u+yDjzpfonfh bGefcsKdif;ESifh c|rfvDwdk@xH oHk;a,mufom;
csO;f uyf=uonf? tcsKyfcef; tdycf sed af &mufae+yDjzpfojzifh avoHjzifh pum;ajym=u&onf? ausmo f ef;ESihf
ausmfa0u tjzpftysufawGudk ajymjyonf? tjyifrSm jzpfay:aeonfhowif; udkajymjyonf? Oya'
r&Sbd ;l ? towfc&H awmhrnfh tajctaeudk ajymjyonf? b,fvkd xGuaf jy;&rvJ? aemufq;kH ar;cGe;f udk
ar;&onf? bGecf sKid ;f aum c|rv f yD g apmatmifEiS fh ausmo f ef;wd@k . =uyfxyk x f ;kd ðypkay;r_a=umifh jyif;xef
onfh '%f&mrsm;rS av#mhusvmcJhonf? bGef;csKdif;rSm tzsm;r&Sdawmh? bGefcsKdif;u b,fvdkxGufajy;&
rvJqo kd nfh ar;cGe;f a=umifh yl&edS ;f oGm;um jyef+yD; zsm;csio f mG ;onf? bGecf sKid ;f aum c|rv f yD g pum;rajymyJ
+idrof ufomG ;=uonf? ausmo f ef;wd@k ESpaf ,mufuawmh bmjzpfvmrvJ? bGecf sKid ;f wd@k u b,fvkd vrf;p
ay;rvJqdkonfh tawG;jzifh &ifarmaeavonf? aemufem&D0ufcef@ t=umwGif c|rfvDu ausmfoef;udk
ar;onf?“rif;wdk@ owWd&Sdovm; rif;wdk@ ajcaxmufawG tajy;oef&JŒvm; reufus&ifighudk ajzyg?
tckrajzeJ@ pOf;pm;+yD;rS ajz”[kya[Vdykp>mqefqef ar;avonf? avoHwdk;wdk;jzifh ar;avonf?
ausmfa0u “rif;wdk@vGwfatmif ajy;=uprf;yg? bmjzpfvdk@ towfcH&rvJ? igwdk@vGwfatmif
ajy;Ekdifw,fqdkwJh ,Hk=unfr_&Sd&r,f? qefwtdwfcdk;rdwmeJ@ Oya'rJh towfcH&w,fvdk@uGm? qeftdwf
wtdwftjynfh pdefawG ywWjrm;awGcdk;cJhvdk@qdk em;=um;vdk@ aumif;ygao;w,f? tckawmh æ 'DrSm
a[haaumifawG vGwfatmifajy;? tjyifa&muf&if rif;wdk@ awmfvSefa&;xJ0if=u? rif;wdk@&JΠrjzpf
pavmufwjhJ ypfra_ v;[m awmfveS af &;xJ0if+yD qdw k meJ@ yaysmufomG ;wJt h jyif rif;wd@k b0awG todawG
ajymif;vJoGm;vdrfhr,f? rif;wdk@b0awG rdom;pkawGb0[m ao;ao;uav; r[kwfawmhbl;?
}uD;us,foGm;vdrfhr,f ”
ausmfoef;wdk@ tdyfraysmfEkdifawmh? ausmfa0ajymor# acgif;ndwfum tif;vdkufaeavonf?
ausmfa0ay;aomvrf;udk ta&mufvSrf;&ef pdwfxJrSm vif;vufoGm;=uonf?

Ð Ð Ð

nv,foef;acgifwGif ,dk;',m; ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;ESifh ykvdyfu ac:xkwfoGm;cJhaom Arm

ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;qdkol ESpfOD;rSm arSmifparSmifeawG &Sdaeao;onfh t±k%fusif;pwGif tcsKyfcef;odk@
jyefa&mufvmonf? '%f&mawG wif;=urf;ESihf a&mufvmcJo h nf? ausmaf usmu
f sL;usL; ,d;k ',m;e,fxJ
98
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

vma&muf axmufvSrf;&aumif;vm;qdkwm ajcaxmufawGudk jzwf±kdufcsKd;onf? odk@aomfajcrusKd;yJ

vrf;rav#mufEkdif avmufatmif emusifcsdeJ@oGm;=uonf? rsufESmuvGJI wudk,fvHk;udk xk±dkuf
uefausmufxm;ojzifh emusifudkufcJaeonf? udk,fcE<m ta&jym;ay:wGif ,ifaumifem;onfudkyif
rcHEikd af vmufatmif emusiaf eonf? cE<mud, k u
f kd a&$Œvku
d f v_yv
f ukd o f nfEiS hf wtif;tif; wtm;tm;
nnf;nLaeonf?
ausmfa0 qufrtdyfEkdifawmh? xdkvlESpfa,mufxH a&mufvmcJhonf/? tu,fIom Arm
ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;om jzpfcJhv#if olESifhppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rSm &efbufawGjzpfonf? ppfaxmuf
vSrf;a&;u 'DòrdŒuav;wGif r_dvdkaygufaeayvdrfhrnf? aomif&if;jrpf taemufbufurf;ay:rSm Arm
ppfwyfonf xdkaxmufvSrf;a&;rsm; owif;ay;rsm;a=umifh ta&SŒbufurf;ay:rS owif;rSefor#udk
&&Sad e=ujcif;jzpfonf? e,fpyf jrpfu;l wHwm;ukjd zwfum taemufbufurf;ay:&Sd ArmjynfòrdŒuav;.
t0if*dwfaygufudk 0ifoGm;onfESifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;ESifh ykvdyfu b,folb,f0gqdkwm odonf?
b,frSmaew,f? bmvkyf aeonfudk od=u.? acsmarESifhpdefatmifwdk@ ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; vifr,m;
rSm onfòrdŒuav;wGif vaygif;ESpfq,fausmf aexkdifoGmcJhonf? tvkyform;tjzpf/ ppfajy; 'kuQonf
tjzpfESifh vlawmxJwGifjr‡Kyfxm;onf? txl;ojzifh awmfvSefa&; tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh xkdif; tajctae
t&yf&yfudk vma&muf axmufvSrf;jcif;jzpfonf? axmufvSrf;a&;rSef; b,folrSr odvdkuf=u?
“rif;wdk@ukd b,fac:oGm;wmvJ? bmawGar;ovJ? igvnf;rif;wdk@udk =unfh+yD; pdwfraumif;
bl;? rif;wdk@awGu b,folb,f0gqdkwm igrodbl;? 'DtcsKyfcef;xJrSmawmh b0wlawGjzpfw,f? Arm
tusOf;om;tcsif;csif; ±dkif;yif;&r,fqdkwm igodw,f? ”
wa,mufu at;Edkif/ toufu 18 ESpf? tom;jzLjzL? aemufwa,mufu touf 15
ESpyf &J adS o;w,f? tom;rJr?J ydev f aDS o;auG;? ol@emrnfu jrarmif? jrarmifu bmrS pOf;pm;awG;awm
EkdifrSmr[kwf? b,fvdkvkyf+yD; ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; jzpfoGm;cJhovJ?
“usaemfwdk@ESpfa,mufudk rsufESmudk t0wfeJ@tkyf+yD; ac:oGm;wmqdkawmh b,fac:vdk@
ac:oGm;rSef; rodygbl; tudk}uD;&,f? usaemfwdk@ a&mufoGm;wJhae&mu tdrfvm;? ±kH;vm; taqmuf
tOD;vm;qdw k mvnf; rodb;l ? tcef;xJ a&mufomG ;rS rsuEf mS ukt d yk x f m;wJh t0wfudk z,fvu kd w
f ,f?
vlESpfa,mufawG@&w,f? ppf0wfpHk0wfxm;wJhvleJ@ ppf0wfpHk 0wfrxm;wJhvlu usaemfwkd@ukd
ppfpHkaxmufawG r[kwfvm;qdk+yD; txyfxyfar;/ txyfxyf ±dkufESufawmhwmygyJAsm”
at;Edkifu ausmfa0ukd tm;ukd;w}uD;eJ@ ol@tcuftcJukd ajymjyonf? bma=umifh 'DòrdŒ
uav;ukd a&mufvmcJha=umif; ajymjyonf? at;Ekdifu yJcl;e,fujzpfonf? ol@nDukd e,fpyfw±dk;wGif
vkduf&SmcJhonf? ppfwyfu ay:wmqGJoGm;ojzifh tdrfukd jyefa&mufrvmawmh? ao+yDvm; &Sifae
ao;vm;rod? ay:wmtqGJcHcJh&+yD; ig;vt=umwGif ol@nDjzpfol pdk;Ekdifu 'DòrdŒwGif a&mufaea=umif;
owif;&cJhojzifh pGef@pGef@pm;pm; vm&SmazGcJh&jcif;jzpfonf? taru xHk;pHtwkdif; om;i,ftwGuf
pdwyf yl efaecJ&h ? ae@pOfEiS t
fh r# idak ºuG;aecJ&h ? ,cktartdu k dk xm;&pfcu hJ m nDudk vm&SmcJ&h jcif;jzpfonf?
om;i,fukd &SmrawG@cJhv#if tarhusef;rma&;rSm vHk;yg;yg;oGm;Edkifonf? ynmrwwfonfh v,fulvD
rdom;pkb0uav;onf t+yD;wkdif òyduGJa=urG oGm;&awmhrnfvm;? om;ESpfa,mufESihftwl
&Sifoefaeaom rkqdk;r rdciftdkb0onf om;ESpfa,muf r&Sdawmhbl;qdkv#if rnfodk@jzpfrnfenf;?
99
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

Te,fpyfòrdŒxJ ae&mtESH@/ òrdŒjyifae&mtESH@ ajcqef@um nDjzpfol pdk;Edkifukd &SmcJhonf?

a&mufoifh ra&mufoifh/ oGm;oifh roGm;oifh/ rpOf;pm;EdkifcJh? txl;ojzifh teD;tem;ukdyif rcsOf;uyf
oifhaom ppfa'oe,fajrrsm;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m a'oe,fajrrsm;ukd a&mufcJhonf? q,f&uftwGif;
ae&ma'otESH@ a&mufvmcJhojzifh ol@ajcaxmufukd xkdif;ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;ESifh ykvdyfu rsufpd
pyg;ar$;pl;cJyh &kH onf? wu,fu ausmo f ef;wd@k vkd ±d;k tonfh aus;vufv,fuv l aD wG? xd±k ;kd om;r_uyif
arSmf±HkawmwGif om;aumifjzpfvmcJh&onf?
a&ajrqHk;apawmh nDav;ukd&SmazG&if; vrf;ray:wGif jrarmifukd odu|rf;cJh&onf? jrarmifu
óuH&mpm;/ óuH&mtdyf/ vrf;ay:a&mufaeonfh vli,fuav;wa,muf? pdwfuvnf; yHkrSef[kwfcsifrS
[kwfrnf? rdbawGudkar;=unhfawmh twdtus rajymEkdifawmh? vGefcJhonfhESpfESpfu rdbrsm;xH
pdwfvnf+yD; a&mufoGm;ao;onf? okd@aomf rdbawGu òrdŒjyif&yfuGufwckukd ajymif;a&$ŒoGm;=u+yD?
rsufajcjywfoGm;+yD; rvdkufEdkifawmh? xdk@a=umifh rif;b,fuvJ[kar;v#if usaemf&efukefuyg[kyJ
ajymEdkifonf? twdtusrajymEkdifawmh? xdkuJ@odk@aom vrf;ay:a&mufaeonfh vli,fuav;
wa,muf. todynmuif;rJhr_/ vrf;ay:rSm uavuacs jzpfaeonhfb0ukd tzwfq,fum
wdk;wufatmif rjr‡ifhwifonhftjyif ArmppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u owif;,l owif;ydk@&ef "m;pmcHtjzpf
zefwD;arG;jrLcJhavonf? vli,fwa,muf odk@r[kwf vlom;wa,muf. tm;enf;csufudk eif;um
rdrdwdk@ &Sifoefa&;twGuf ckwHk;vkyfwwfonhf vl,Ofaus;rsm;trnfcH t±dkif;tpdkif;rsm;onf TurBm
ajrjyifxufwGif b,fESpf&m/ b,fESpfaxmif &Sdae=urnfenf;? armfvòrdif òrdŒv,facgifwGif u,folrJh
jrarmifukd ArmppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u ru,fwifonhftjyif aorif;yg;pyfaygufxJ wGef;ydk@ cJhavonf?
armfvòrdifrS ac:,lvmcJhaom jrarmifonf e,fjcm;jrpfukd ausmfI ta&SŒbufurf;ay:rS òrdŒuav;odk@
xyfykd@um apvdk&map owif;,lcdkif;avonf? ,ck ,dk;',m;ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u ppfaq;onfhtcg
ArmppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u apcdkif;xm;onfh owif;ay;r[kwfa=umif; jiif;cJhonhf twGuf awmfay
ao;onf? tu,fI trSeftwdkif;ajymygu at;Ekdifyg aorif;yg;pyfaygufrS vGwfajrmufzdk@twGuf
odyfrvG,fawmh? at;Ekdifu vrf;ray:rSm jrarmifukdawG@um ESpf&uftwGif; wGJoGm;wGJvm
vkyfcJhzl;onfr[kwfvm;?
ArmppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;u jrarmifudk xrif;0atmif au|;arG;yHrk ay:cJ?h wcgw&H xrif;zd;k ay;
onf? t+rJay;jcif;r[kwfojzifh xrif;qmonfhtcg/ iwfjywfvmonfhtcg/ tpm;taomufukd
pm;aomufqdkifrS awmif;pm;onf? aemufawmh cdk;pm;onf? cdk;wwfvmonf? aemufawmh tvpf
okwfwwfvmonf? olwdk@twGuf axmufvSrf;a&;jzpfvmum/ olwdk@twGuf 0rf;rD;qmavmif
rGwfodyfcJh+yD; olwdk@twGuf olcdk;jzpfvmcJhonf? rkqdk;em;eD;awmhrkqdk;? wu,fvnf; ppfaxmufvSrf;
a&; arG;jrLcJhonfh wynfhuav;onf olawmfaumif;jzpfrvmEkdfif? olcdk;uav; qdk;ayjzpfvmcJhonf?
t±dkif;tpdkif;u ol. "m;pmcHudk t±dkif;tpdkfif;om jzpfvmaponf? vl,Ofaus;tjzpf rarG;jrLEkdifcJh?
tcsKyfcef;=urf;jyifay:wGif rv_yEf ifdk af tmif emusix
f u
kH u
kd af eaom '%f&m'%fcsurf sm;pGmESihf
tdyfaysmfaeaom jrarmifukd ausmfa0ai;=unfhaerd&if; pdwfxdcdkufvmavonf? ausmfa0onf
wufwcsufacgufum pdwfxJrSm qJqdka&&Gwf aeavonf? 'Duav;[m cifnGef@wdk@ zsufqD;ypfvdk@
tzsuftqD;cHvdkuf&wJh "m;pmcHav;ygvm;? acG;rom;awG ukd,fhom;orD;usawmh a&$vifAef;eJ@
100
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

tcsi;f aq;=u? a&$ay: jrwifxm;=u? a&$vrf;aiGvrf;/ ywWjrm;vrf;cif;+yD; av#mufcikd ;f =u? jrarmifw@kd vkd
uav;vli,fawG=uawmh a&epfou l dk xyf+yD;a&ESp=f u? olw@kd av#mufwv hJ rf;rSm vrf;cif; avSum;xpf
tjzpf zefwD;vdkuf=u? om;orD;csif; udk,fcsif;rpmemEkdifwJh aumifawG? ukd,fhom;orD;omqdk&if
jrarmifvkd taocH "m;pmcH axmufvrS ;f a&;vkycf idk ;f zd@k tdyrf ufawmifrrufb;l ? acG;rom;awG/ "m;pmcH
jrarmifb0ukd ausmfa0weHwvsm; pOf;pm; awG;awmaerdonf? jrarmifta=umif; pOf;pm;&if;
at;EkdifqDokd@ a&mufvmcJhonf? nDukd&Sm&if; jrarmifukdawG@um ,ck tcsKyfcef;xJ a&mufvmcJhonf?
“'DrSm ighnDat;Ekdif pdwf"mwfruseJ@uG? vlqdkwm tusOf;tusyfxJ a&mufae+yD; aorvm;
&Sifrvm; aoa&;&Sifa&; jzpfvm&if touf&SifvGwfajrmufzdk@twGuf tm;xkwf&awmhwmyJ? tiftm;
&Sdor# óud;pm;±kef;uef&awmhwmyJ? tJ'DrSm &Sdor#t&nftcsif;awG cGeftm;owWdawGukd vufeuf
ozG,x f w k +f yD; oH;k &awmhwmyJuG nD&? tcktcsed u f p+yD; tcsKyfcef;&JΠtajctaeawG/ taetxm;awG
ukd avhvmrSwo f m; tvGwu f sux f m;? a[m'DtcsKyfcef;xJuae vGwaf jrmufatmif óud;pm;ayawmh?
a[m[kdu ,dk;',m;ESpfa,muf&,f ausmfoef;wkd@ ESpfa,muf&,fukd rsufajcrjywf =unfhae? olwdk@
awGe@J twl ±ke;f xGuEf idk af tmif óud;pm;ayawmh? rif;[m wku d yf x
JG aJ &mufaewJo h ?l ol&aJ umif;jzpfatmif
txyfxyfóud;pm;ayawmh? [kwfvm; æ tm;arG;xm;/ owWdarG;xm;/ tarhukdjyefawG@zdk@/ nDav;ukd
jyefawGzdk@/ tm;arG;xm;/ cGeftm;awGukd n‡pfxkwfuGm/ [kwfvm; 'g[m wdkufyGJyJ ”
ausmfoef;wdk@ rSmvdkufonfh usm;y±kyfqDbl;ukd axmif0ifpmvmawG@onhf bat;u
o,fvmcJo h nf? bGecf sKid ;f wd@k twGuw f bl;? aemufwbl; useaf eao;onf? ausmaf 0u ausmo f ef;xHrS
y±kyfqDbl;ukdawmif;,lonf? tdyf&mrS Edk;xvmonfh ausmfoef;onf ausmfa0&Sd&modk@ y±kyfqDbl;udk
,lum a&mufvmcJo h nf? at;Edik . f '%f&mxyfaeaom ajcaxmufrsm;ukd y±kyq f tD xyfxyf yGwu f m
qkyfe,fay;=uonf? t±dk;rusKd;ao;bl;uG ajcaxmuft±dk;awG rusKd;a=uor# ajy;vdk@&w,fuG[k
wwGwfwGwf&Gwfonf? at;Ekdif=um;Ekdifzdk@ &Gwfonf? at;Ekdifu tH}udwfwif;xm;onf?
pum;ajym&yfomG ;pOf wdwq f wd +f idro
f ufru _ kd vufeuf}uD; ayguu f o JG uH òzdcv
JG u
kd af vonf?
odyfr=umvdkuf vufeuf}uD;aygufuGJoH rdk;csKef;rnf[D;oHrsm;onf axmif. acgifrdk;oGyfcsyfrsm;udk
wcsrf;csrf;&dkufcwfaeavonf? tcsKyfcef;xJodk@ usnfqHzl;rsm; usvmum aygufuGJrnf[kyif xif&
onf? vufeuf}u;D wcsuf xkvu kd w f ikd ;f tcsKycf ef; eH&tH xyfxyfwiG f yJw h ifoH txyfxyf jzpfomG ;onf?
vufeuf}uD; aygufuGJoH=um;onfESifh ausmfa0odvdkuf+yD? 'g æ 0rf;cwdkufyGJ? awmfvSefa&;
&Jabmfwdk@a& wdkufxm;=ua[h? tckyJ ajy;vmcsifw,f[kajym&if; tm;rvkdtm;r& jzpfaerdonf?
“ausmfoef;eJ@ at;Edkif igar;r,f ajz=unhf=uprf;uGm? tcsKyfcef;xJrSm/ axmifxJrSm/
vlrdkufawG vl&rf;um;awG owfvdk@ aorvm;? igwdk@wkdif;jynf vGwfajrmufatmif tJ'DwkdufyGJawG
&Sd&moGm;+yD; wdkufrvm; ajzuGm”?
ausmfoef;u pdwfcsprf;yg aumif}uD;&m[k wkH@jyefonf? at;Ekdifuawmh tJ'DwdkufyGJawG
&Sd&mukd usaemfta&muf oGm;r,f? tarhudkygac:oGm;r,f? tarhudk aemufwef;rSmxm;cJh+yD; usaemf
a&S@wef;rSm oGm;wdkufr,f? b,fES,fhvJ tukd}uD;[k ajymonf?
rdoDaiG,lvm+yD; ausmfa0udk tcsKyfcef;xJrS a&G;xkwfoGm;rnfhtcsdefu eD;uyfvmaeonf?
ausmfa0u ausmfoef;wdk@ ESpfa,mufESifh at;Ekdifwkd@ESpfa,muftwGuf ylyefa=umifhusr_onf
101
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

'Da&v_dif;e,f wodrfhodrfhwdk;vmcJhonf? xdk@a=umifh ausmfoef;ukd at;Edkifwdk@ vli,fESpfa,mufukdyg

vufwGJaz;r+yD; tcsKyfcef;xJrS vGwfajrmufatmif óud;pm;=uzdk@ajymonf? ausmfoef;. vufwGif
at;Ekdifukd tyfESHcJhonf? at;EkdifrSm =urf;jyifwGif ausmcif;vJavsmif;ae&mrS xxdkifvdkufonf?
ausmfoef;vufukd wif;wif;qkyfxm;vdkufonf? at;Ekdifu usaemfwkd@ukd rxm;cJhygeJ@ tudk&m? tukd
wdk@eJ@twl usaemf óud;pm;yghr,f? usaemfbmwm0ef ,l&rvJajymyg? vkyfyghr,f? usaemf tarhqD
jyefa&mufcsiv
f @kd yg? tdy,f mxJvaJ ewJh tarhqD usaemfjyefra&mufc&hJ if æ? at;Ekid f qufrajymEkid af wmh?
ausmfoef;u b0wlawGyJuGm? aotwl &SiftwlyJa[h[k tm;ay;onf?
ausmfa0u olaewJhvdyfpmukd ajymonf? txyfxyfajymonf? rSwfrdap&eftwGuf
tcsKyfcef; tjyifbufa&mufv#if axmif0ifpmvmawG@rnf[k uwday;onf? vdt k yfwmukd jznfq h nf;
ay;rnf[k tm;ay;pum;qdkonf? at;Ekdif. vdyfpmESifh rdciftrnfukdar;onf? rSwfom;xm;onf?
xdkae@nrSmyJ ausmfa0tcsKyfcef;rS vGwfajrmufvmcJhavonf? tcsKyfcef; tusOf;axmif
wGif;rSm b0wlawG ol@vdkrS vGwfajrmufEdkifyghrvm;? óud;pm;r_awGu atmifyghrvm;? xdktawG;
xdtk ylonf ol@&ifEiS ahf cgi;f xJwiG f av;odyv
f pS mG uyf+idygvmcJah vonf? +yD;awmh bGecf sKid ;f wd@k EpS af ,muf
rSmvdkufonfh ypPnf;rsm;ukd tcsKyfcef;twGif; tjrefqHk; ay;ydk@&rnfhudpP?

Ð Ð Ð

aemuf 3 &uft=umwGif axmifrS ±kef;xGuf=urnf[k jyifqifcJhonfh tpDtpOfonf

oJxJa&oGef jzpfoGm;cJhav+yD? wdkufyGJrprDwnrSm Armjynfom; olwkd@ 4 a,mufukd n 10 em&DwGif
ykvdyfu ac:xkwfoGm;onf?“rif;wdk@ukd tjcm;wae&mukd ajymif;a&GŒ ykd@xm;zdk@twGuf”[k qdkum
ykvdyfav;a,mufu olwdk@ukdqGJxkwfonf? tusOf;axmifwckukd ajymif;a&$Œvdkv#if ae@bufwGifom
ajymif;a&$Œavh&Sdonf? ajymif;a&$Œ&ef ta=umif;vnf;r&Sd? axmifwGif;owfjzwfr_/ qdk;oGrf;&ufpufr_
bmwckrS rvkyf=ubJeJ@ ajymif;a&$Œ&ef ta=umif;r&Sd? tykyfcsdefwGif wae&mydk@rnf qdkuwnf;u 4
a,mufpvHk; xdwfvef@wkefv_yfoGm;=uonf? =urRmiifawmhrnfqdkonfukd odvdkuf=u+yD? rvdkufvdk
a=umif; ta=umuftuef jiif;=uonf? oHwdkifwHcg;awGukd rvGwfwrf; zrf;qGJrd&ufom; jzpfoGm;
=uonf? ykvdyfu uefa=umufqGJac:onf? txyfxyf jzwf±dkuf xdk;ESufojzifh toufukd umuG,f
qkyfzrf;xm;onfh vufacsmif;rsm;rSm jyif;xefaom ±kdufcsufrsm;atmufwGif ajyusoGm;cJh&avonf?
i,foHygatmif atmf[pfcJhaom at;EkdifESifhjrarmifwdk@onf t±_dufukdxdoGm;=uojzifh aemufxyf
ratmfEkdifawmh?
“rif;wdk@ukd ae&majymif;wm æ bmjzpfvdk@jiif;&wmvJ? [dka&muf&if tvkyfaumif;aumif;
vkyf&r,f æ aumif;aumif; ae&r,f æ”
ykvdyfu atmf[pf[def;a[mufonf? wu,fvnf; ae&majymif;a&$Œvdkufjcif; jzpfonf?
olwdk@av;a,mufukd ykvdyfu rsufESmpdrf; vlav;a,muf vufxJodk@ ac:aqmifoGm;=uayawmh[k
102
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

qdkum v$Jajymif;tyfESHvdkufonf? tvGeft=uL; t&ufaomufxm;=uojzifh ,drf;,dkif aywl;ae=u

olawG? olwdk@ 4 a,mufukd um;uwifaqmifv#uf awmawmifxlxyf&m e,fjcm;a'oqDodk@
o,faqmifvmcJhonf?
at;Ekdifu }udwfI±_dufonf? taruar#mfaerSm/ nDtukdESpfa,mufukd ar#mfaerSm/ pdwf
ajzmifhrSmr[kwfbl;? tdyf,mxJu ar#mfaerSm? tarhqDukdjyefa&mufyg&ap æ tara& æ om;jyefvm
+yDaemf æ tdrfjyefc&D;jzpfygapvdk@ qkawmif;ay;yg tar&,f æ? xdwfvef@wkefv_yfr_ a=uuGJr_wdk@u
ol@&ifukd idk±_dufqdk@eifhapavonf?
jyefIr&Ekdifawmhrnfh ae&mwckqDodk@ rl;ayaoG;ºuGaeaom xdkvlwpku ac:aqmif oGm;ae
jcif;jzpfonf? armfawmf um;wm&mbD;awGeJ@ rD;±_dŒ+yD; owfjzwfjymcsrSmvm;? owfjzwf+yD; jrpfxJ
arsmrSmvm;? ajrwGif;xJ ðryfrSmawmhr[kwf? e,fpyfa'owGif rxm;vdkonfh Armjynfom;ukd vlqdk;
pm&if;oGif;+yD; wae&mwGif tpazsmufcJhonhf vlpm&if;wGif olwdk@ 4 OD;onf b,fESpf}udrfajrmuf
jzpfrnfenf;? 'Dvt kd ajctaersK;d awG aorif;ac:&maemuf aumufaumufygatmif ajcw&Gwq f JG vdu
k cf &hJ
onhf tjzpfrsK;d awG &Syd guvm;qdo k nfudk tcsKycf ef;xJa&mufrS at;Ekid u f odvmcJ&h jcif; jzpfonf?
aowWmwvHk;e,f tvHkydwfum;xJwGif bmrSrjrif&? um;pufoH/ oHxnfud&d,mawG
wckESihfwck yGwfwdkuf vSD;jzwfoH/ um;avwdk;oH/ um;bD;yGwf}udwfoHawGukdyJ =um;&onf? wu,fu
at;Ekdifpdwf tawG;xJwGif tarhac:oHukdyJ =um;ae&onf? om;}uD;a& armifat;Ekdifa& æ om;i,f
armifpdk;Ekdifa& om;wkd@ukd tarar#mfaew,fuGJ@ om;wkd@&Jξ? tarhac:oHukdom pdwfESihf txyfxyf
=um;ae&avonf?
ausmo f ef;ESifh apmatmifu um;ay:ukad &mufvmuwnf;u um;wHcg;rydwrf D tvif;a&mif
xJwGif odrf;iSufrsufvHk;rsm;ES,f tajctaetm;vHk;ukd pl;prf;avhvmcJh+yD; jzpfonf? trSwftom;
rsm;ukd pdwt f rSwpf ufxw J iG f tvGw&f atmifaw;xm;onf? ausmo f ef;u uk,
d u hf ,
dk uf ,
dk f aovlv@kd yJ
owfrSwfxm;+yD;om;? axmifxJwGif rvkyfEkdifcJhonfhwkdufyGJukd um;ay:ukd a&$Œajymif;,lcJh&wmyJ[k
oabmxm;vdkufonf? aov#ifajr}uD; &Sifv#ifa&$xD;/ &Sifv#iftjrwf aooGm;&if t&if;[mt&if;yJ?
owWdawG/ pdwf"mwfawGay;cJhonfh ausmfa0ukd ausmfoef;ESifh apmatmifwdk@wòydifwnf; owd& ae=u
onf? olu pdwf"mwfawG jr‡ifhwifay;cJhor# wdkufyGJwGif owd&aecJh=ujcif;jzpfonf? vnfpif;cH+yD;
t±_H;ay;rnfhtpm; vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf ±kef;uef&if;aoprf;yg? tJ'gjrwfaomaojcif;yJa[h [k
qdkaom ausmfa0pum;vHk;rsm;onf vnfywfaoG;pufrsm;ukd csif;csif;&Jum qlyGufapavonf?
ausmfoef;&ifckefoHonf =urf;I jrefqefvmavonf? wck+yD;wck bmvkyf&rnfukd pdwfxJwGif
tpDtpOfrsm; a&;qGJxm;onf?
ausmfoef;u apmatmif. tem;odk@zduyfoGm;um vufcsif;qufoG,f t&dyftjcnf
jyonf? at;Ekid . f ajcaxmufudk cyfqwfqwf±u kd v
f u
kd o
f nf? ±du
_ if akd eaomat;Ekid f aqG;ajrŒr_xu J ae
vef@Edk;oGm;onf? tcsufay;vdkufojzifh axmifwGif; wkdufyGJtpDtpOfukd zswfceJ owd&vmonf?
at;Ekdifu ol@ab;u jrarmifukd qufvuf v_H@aqmfvdkufonf? Edk;=um;vmae aomESvHk;ckefoHrsm;rSm
um;pufoHuJhodk@ w&pyf rnf[D;jrefqefvmcJh=uonf?
um;acgif;cef;ESihf aemufqufwGJ abmf'Dtdrfonf woD;wjcm;pD? ypPnf;o,f,l vlo,f,l
103
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

onhu f m;? um;aemuf+rD;ykid ;f wGif wHcg;&So d nf? xdwk cH g;0wGif t&uform;ESpaf ,mufu tapmift h jzpf
vdu k yf gvmonf? ESpaf ,mufteuf wa,mufwiG f aoewfygvmonf? aoewfuadk wG@&cdS +hJ yD;jzpfonf?
aemufwa,mufwGif aoewf yg rygrod? 'gukdpl;prf;Ir&? um;acgif;cef;xJwGif um;armif;olESihf
aemufwa,muf?
wem&Dausmf=umonhftcg um;onf uwW&mvrf;ray:rS zJhqif;um vrf;=urf;awmwef;
wckxJodk@ 0ifvmonf? um;u v_yfcg,drf;xdk; ckefaygufvmonf? olwkd@twGuf tqifoifhjzpf&ef
uk,
d [ f eftaetxm;ukd jyifqif&ef xyfrt H cGit
hf a&; &&Svd u
kd jf cif;jzpfonf? rdepfEpS q
f ,fcef@t=umwGif
wduk yf pJG avawmhonf? ausmo f ef;ESiahf pmatmifu aorif;ESpaf ,mufudk cket f yk v
f u kd o
f nf? xd@k aemuf
av;a,mufESifhESpfa,muf vHk;axG;xdk;owfyGJ jzpfoGm;onf? wmplr&atmif t&ufrl;aeojzifh
xkdESpfa,mufonf tvpftidkuf cHvdkuf&onf?
aoewfoHwcsuf xGufvmonf? aoewfxdrSefoHESifhtwl wa,muf xdkifusoGm;onf?
aemufxyfqufwkduf aoewfoHrsm; xGufvmonf? um;u awmifwef;qifajcav#m wae&mwGif
wkH@ceJ@ &yfoGm;um um;acgif;xJrS vlESpfOD; [pfatmfqJqdk&if; xGufvmcJh=uonfukd =um;vdkuf&onf?
um;acgif;xJrS aoewfoHwcsuf xyf=um;&onf? um;xJu &efyGJ owfjzwfyGJukd owday; +cdrf;ajcmuf
vdkufonfhaoewfoH? um;t&SdefaoprSmyJ um;wHcg;u 0kef;ceJ yGifhxGufoGm;jcif;ESihftwl oHk;a,muf
om; ckefqif; xGufajy;vmcJJh=uonf? rJarSmifaeaom awmtkyf}uD;xJwGif ausmfoef;/ apmatmifESihf
at;Ekid w f @dk wr[kwjf cif; aysmufu,G o f mG ;cJo
h nf? jrarmif aoonf &Sio f nfrodawmh? aoG;tdik x f wJ iG f
vloHk;a,muf vJòydepfusefcJhavonf?

Ò Ò Ò

1992 u ta&SŒbufurf;ay:&Sd òrdŒuav;wòrdŒrS ausmfoef;/ apmatmif/ jrarmif

ESifh armif a t;Ek d i f w k d @ . wu,f h b 0uk d tajccH + yD ; 0wˆ K tjzpf zG J @ EG J @ cJ h j cif ; jzpf o nf ?

pufwifbm 30/ 2006

opPmtrSwf (11)Edk0ifbm/ 2006

104
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

wdrfwkdufawGxJu rD;vSHs
1
wdrfwdkufawGu wrdk;vHk;ukd r_dif;n‡dK@ydwfqdk@xm;vdk@æ? w&dyf&dyf a&G@vsm;ajy;oGm;aewJh
wdrw f u kd af wG[m b,ftcsed u f srS +yD;qH;k oGm;rSmvnf;? ±ky&f iS jf ypuff rD;qvdu k x
f ;kd wJh jywif;ayguaf y:rSm
"mwfyu kH u G af wGu tqufrjywf jzwfoef; ay:xGuv f movdyk /J wdrwf u
dk af wGu tqufrjywf a&GŒvsm;
oGm;ae? yHkyef;o¿mefawG trsKd;rsKd; vSnfhajymif; ul;pufoGm;? wdrfESif;qDyGifhawGuae jrif;tkyfawG
jzpfoGm;? ArmjynfajryHkuae qHr#ifawG zm;vsm;csxm;wJh trsKd;orD;awG jzpfoGm;? eef;awmf jy\'f
awG[m rD;v#HrD;nGef@uae &ifom;rdk@armuf AD;eyf±kyfxkjzpfoGm;? tJ'DwdrfwdkufawGu ajymvdkufwJh
toHvm;/ wdrfwdkufawGxJu xGufusay:xGufvmwJh toHawGvm;/ pdwfem;xJrSm tJ'DtoHawGu
jrnfaewm? “tJ'Dvdk tEkdifusifhcH=u&wm”? ruef;uGuf wdrf&GufuGefawGu xdkjrnfaºuG;aewJh toH
awGukdrsm; o,f,lvmcJhavovm;? wdrfr#if wdrfvdyfawGu tjriftm±Hk rsufvHk;tdrfxJ 0ifa&muf
vm+yD; &ifwGif;ukd 0ifa&mufpD;qif;/ &ifxJrSm w'D;'D;0ifaewJh wdrfawGu [pfaºuG;aewmrsm;vm;?
“tJ'Dvdk tEkdifusifhae=uw,f” æ wJhvm;?
jywif;ayguf jrifuGif;xJu|HxGufvmwJh t±dk;òydif;òydif;opfudkif;awG=um;u aumif;uif
wcGifvHk;ukd armh=unhf? ausmufqpf±kyfjzpfaewJh cE<mukd,fxJu pdwftm±HkxJukd todawGu pD;qif;
vmcJw h m?
“usaemfwdk@u zsmyHkòrdŒe,fcGJ urmaus;&Gmuyg? usaemfwkd@ wHigavSpufavSawGukd t"rR
aiGawmif;aiGn‡pf tEkdifusifhwmukd cHae&w,fAsm? wpif;ukd aiGig;axmifay;&r,fwJh? usaemfwdk@rSm
cufcufcJcJ±kef;uef qif;&Jusyfwnf;aewJ@=um;u 'DaiGig;axmifay;zdk@ odyfcufcJygw,f? ”
xdktoHawGu oHvdkuf"mwf ygcJhavovm;rod? pdwfxJrSm pGJaeonf? ajymjyaeol. ±kyfyHk
oGifjyifukd pdwftawG;eJ@ rSef;q=unfhrdv#ufom; jzpfoGm;onf? owif;rsm; tydwfcHxm;cJh&onfh
twGuf jyifya&'D,dkXmeu ar;jref;vmor#/ zGifh[ ajymqdkvdkufpOfrSmyJ ol@rsufvHk;tpHku odrf;iSuf
rsufvHk;uJhodk@ eDjref;0if;vufaeayvdrfhrnf? vnfacsmif;a=umawGu tòydif;òydif; xaevdrfhrnf?
ajymqdkzGifh[zdk@ tcGifh&cdkuf t&JpGef@vdkufyHkvnf; &w,f?
tdy,f mab;rSm&Sw
d hJ 2006 r*~Zif;xJu zl;ul;,m;rm;&JΠ*vdb k ,fvu kd af Z;&Si;f aqmif;yg;ukd
,SO+f yD; apmapmuyJ zwfz@kd óud;pm;=unfch w hJ ,f? zl;ul;,m;rm;ukd xm;&pfc?hJ tm±Hu k wc%rSm &yfqikd ;f
aysmufuG,foGm;? pdwfu v#yfppftvif;vdkyJ? urmaus;&Gmu wHigonf vli,fwOD;&JΠcHpm;r_qD
ul;pufa&muf&SdoGm;+yD? zl;ul;,m;rm; pmrsufESmukd cGmrd&ufom; jzpfaecJhonf? jywif;aygufukd jzwf
oef;=unhfrdv#ufom; jzpfaecJh? tdrfeJ@uyfv#ufom; opfyifxufu t0ga&mifaq;om; jc,fo
opf&Gufrsm;u jywif;aygufukd wzsyfzsyf±dkufcwfwdk@xd?
a':atmifqef;pk=unfu tEkid u f sichf aH e&wJh jynfovl x
l ak wGudk pdwyf al ewmvnf; 'ga=umifh
yJ? aiGn‡pfowJh? tEkdifusifhowJh? aoG;pkyfvSD;jzwf,lowJh? *rfbm&Du xdkif;owif;pm &Sif;vif;yGJrSm
ajymcJhwmyJ r[kwfvm;? jynfolvlxkawGukd a':atmifqef;pk=unfu pdwfyla=umif; ajymcJhwm?
105
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

Oya'qdkwmr&Sd? jynfolvlxkawGu rvHkòcHbl;? urmaus;&Gmu jynfolawGu tckawmh ajymvm=u

cJh+yDyJ? ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wck[m tJ'D tEkdifusifhcH&wJh vlxkawGeJ@ wnfaqmufvdkufwJh rkefwdkif;yJ?
vlxkawG[m rkefwdkif;vkyfzdk@ rkefwdkif;awGqD vSrf;ºuGae=uwm?
opf&Guf0ga&$awGu aºuGusaejyefygyaum? wokefokefwdkufcwfaewJh avjyif;awGxJrSm
0ga&$a&$opf&GufawGu wðzwfðzwf aºuGus0JvSnfhygoGm;? rSefjywif;odk@vmI wdkufcwfxdrSefum od*ô
&Guf0gtkdawG aºuGqif;oGm;onfukd wu,fyJawG@vdkuf&? ouf0if;atmif aºuGaytHk;awmhaygh? rif;u
&GuEf ak wG xGe;f opf&atmif ajrqDajrESpjf zpfz@kd ajrv$may: aºuGusay;vdu k wf m r[kwv f m;? wdik ;f jynf&ŒJ
=u,fyGifhawG/ =u,fyGifhawG aºuGvdkuf=uwm? tck&Guf0gawG wazG@azG@aºuGovdk aºuGusaecJh=uwm?
oef;a&$u pdwfylrSmr[kwf? vlxkacgif;aqmifuyJ pdwfylwm? oef;a&$uawmh vlxkawG wufºuG
awmfvSefrSmukdyJ pdfwfylwm?
“usaemfw@kd [dyk ifòrŒd e,frmS aus;&Gmtkypf k 12 tkypf &k w dS ,f? wyf&if; 40 u wyfxikd x
f m;w,f?
tJ'Dwyfu &Gm;om;awG ckwfxm;wJh 0g;awG/ qGwfcl;xm;wJh z±HkoD;eJ@ oD;ESHawGukd t"rR odrf;ydkuf
aew,fAsm? v,fawGuv kd nf; odr;f yku d af e=uw,f? opfawGuv dk nf; odr;f w,f? olw@dk ud,
k u
f sK;d twGuf
opfawG a&mif;pm;ae=uwm? wdkif;jynftwGufr[kwfbl;? tJ'Dvdk tEkdifusifhae=uwm? vrf;azguf
&r,fwJh? tcktrdef@ay;aejyef+yD? t"rRvkyftm;ay;&r,fwJh? vkyftm;ray;&if aiGwaomif; ay;&r,f
wJh? odyftEkdifusifh vGef;w,fAsm? ”
tJ'DvdktEkdifusifhaewmqdkwJh pum;vHk;ukd zGifh[ajym=uonf? 2006 atmufwdkbm
ausmif;om;xk v_yf&Sm;r_ v_dif;awG/ 'Da&v_dif;opfawGaemufrSm uyfvsufygvmwJh zGifh[xkd;ESufoH
awGayg?h Ed0k ifbm 13 ae@u jyifya&'D,kd Xmeukd ajymjyaecJw h hJ [dyk ifòrdŒom;awG&ŒJ xkwjf yefcsu&f ifziG ohf ?H
vlxk[pfwdkif jzpfoGm;+yDaum? awmihfºuG&J&ifhae? b0ukdyJhwifxyfaewJh &J&ifhoH? &Jwif;oH?

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tJ'Dxuf&J&ifh tJ'Dxufv_yf&Sm;±kef;uefcJholu rpkpkaEG;? t"rRvkyftm;/ t"rRtvkyfukd

zDqefcw hJ m ppftyk pf &k ŒJ ppfc±kH ;kH rSm rsuEf mS wif;armh+yD; &ifqidk cf w
hJ m? vSyawmufvufaom ordik ;f wqpf
csK;d auG@? t"rRtEkid u f sichf &H r_twGuf vlxu k ,kd pf m; zDqefcw hJ m? vSvu kd w
f m? ol@&mG / ol@e,f jyefa&muf
awmh vlxku*k%fðyowJh? odyfaumif;? wu,fhukdyJa[h? igvnf; 'Duae eifhukd *k%fðyygw,f[m?
a[m æ rae@u a&'D,dkxJrSm rpkpkaEG;owif; xyfygvmawmh xyf+yD; tm;vHk;tHh=o 0rf;om;oGm;=u
ayg?h a';'&Judk pkpak EG;oGm;w,f? 'DcsKyftzG@J 0ifawG vlxak wGu olrukd óudqv kd u
d_ v
f ?JS pm;aomufqikd rf mS
tusOf;±Hk; *k%fðy=uowJh? pkpkaEG;eJ@ vl 50 eD;yg; tjzLa&mif0wfqif+yD; bk&m;wuf 0wfðyqkawmif;=u
owJh? [m; æ [ ? tJ'DvlxkawG&JŒ udk,fpDudk,fiS &ifckefoHu rdkifaxmifaygif;rsm;pGmuae ul;pufvm?
wdrfwdkufawGu tJ'DatmifyGJ&ifckefoHawGukd o,faqmifcJhwm? &ifckefoH awGu wa,mufxJr[kwf?
rkefwdkif;tjzpf a&mufvmwJh vlxk&ifckefoHawG?
106
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

Armjynf tusOf;axmif}uD;&JΠywfcsmvnfrSm um&Hxm;wJh oHr%doHwdkifawGukd wajzmif;

ajzmif; usKd;xGufoGm;wJh toHawGyg =um;vdkuf&w,f? [aumif ppftkyfpk? vloef; 50 ausmfukd
rif;wdk@owf&Jovm;? owfEkdifrvm;? ppftm%m&Sif pepfckdif+rJzdk@/ tm%m+rJzdk@/ vlxk oef; 50 ausmfukd
eifwkd@owfEkdif&vdrfhr,f? a&S;bk&ifacwfu bk&ifukdtefwkrJh rif;avmif; ray:&atmif EGm;ausmif;om;
t&G,rf eS o f r#udk paw;owfjzwfco hJ vdak yg?h owfvu kd pf rf;a[h? wckawmh&w dS ,f zufqpf? wòydiw f nf;
owfaemf a¹cGowfvdk@uawmh eifwkd@ pm;vdk@ tdyfvdk@ ajzmifhrSmr[kwfbl;? reufwkdif;/ tdyf,mxwdkif;
udk,fhacgif;udk,f jyefprf;ae&rSm?
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u ±kwfw&uf jzmusvmcJhwmukd awG@vdkuf&? avjyif;av±dkif;xJrSmawmh &Guf0gvdyfjymwdk@ [D;av;cdk
ysH0J? tdrfeH&Hacgifrdk;awG/ opfukdif; rJndKndKxufrSm a&$tdka&mifaejcnfu qquav; em;aeacs
ao;awmh? jywif;aygufrSefom;xufrS wqifh aejcnfr#if a&$a&mifawGu toJESvHk;xufodk@ pDqif;
0ifvmcJ?h wu,fu *sirf aD c: ausmrf if;,kw@kd jrat;wk@d &ŒJ jzLvGtvif;a&mifawG pGe;f ayaewJh toHvid_ ;f
awGu pD;qif;0ifa&mufvmcJhwm r[kwfvm;? wufºuGtoHv_dif;awG? xGef;ytoHv_dif;awGav?
“rdrdtm%m wnfwH@cdkif+rJa&; rvkyfygeJ@? 'g[modyf+yD; tpGef;a&mufvGef;ygw,f? 'Dvdk
tpGef;a&mufaevdk@ wdkif;jynf trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfrSm r[kwfbl;? wdkif;jynfwdk;wuf at;csrf;
atmif trsK;d om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfrS jzpfrmS ? trsK;d om; jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;twGuf rdrd tm%m+rJa&;
wnfwHhcdkif+rJa&;ukdav#mh+yD; b,ftajctaeu p+yD;vkyf=urvJ? vkyf=uyg? oHk;buf aqG;aEG;=uyg?”
td@k td?k oef;a&$/ iat; ppftyk pf t k +rD;ukd qGv J eS cf sK;d vdu
k wf m? csw,fa[h? “'g[m wbufpeG ;f
a&mufvGef;w,f”wJh? rSwfua&m? pum;vHk;awGxJrSm tufppf tjyif;pm;awGygw,f? ppftkyfpk&J@
rsuEf mS ukd tJ'pD um;vH;k tufppfawGe@J yufvu dk wf m? aovdu k pf rf;/ ppftyk pf ak cgi;f &JΠnmbuf csKad pmif;
rSm OD;aESmufw0ufxed ufwhJ temhyqky}f u;D ayguaf ewm vlwikd ;f tod? tm%m+raJ &;qdw k hJ temhyqkw?f
jynf y k y f a wG e J @ &$ J a ewmr[k w f v m;? tm;vH k ; od + yD ; om;ygav? tJ ' D t emaqG ; ud k 88 rsKd ; quf
ausmif;om;awGu 'Drdkua&pD vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJawGeJ@ ±dkufcsvdkufwm? au|;xnfh vdkufwm? a&$eef;
ykv†ifxufrSm vSdrfhvSdrfh+yD; atmfaeayawmh?
tzdESdyfcH tEdkifusifhcHae&wJh oef;aygif;rsm;pGmaom jynfolvlxkawG[m tJ'D 88 rsKd;quf
ausmifom;awG&JΠtif;tm; 0d^mOfawGyJ? tJ'D pdwf"mwf0d^mOfawGukd rif;ukdEkdif/ ausmfrif;,k(*sifrD)
ukud }dk uD;/ aX;ºuG,/f jrat;/ rif;aZ,smpwJh rsK;d qufawGu odr;f yku d Ef idk cf =hJ uwm? tckyJ jywif;ayguu f dk
jzwf+yD; armh=unhaf wmh awG@ae&wJh aumif;uif}uD;uJo h @kd aom vlxak umif;uif}uD;&JΠpdw"f mwfawGudk
odrf;ykdufEkdifcJhvdk@ vlxkpGrf;tm;&Sif&JΠpGrf;tm;&SifawG jzpfae=uwm? todef;toef; vlxktiftm;ukd
ausmif;om;awG&JΠtjzLa&mifv_yf&Sm;r_ wkdufyGJawGeJ@ t&,lcJh=uwmr[kwfvm;?
“usaemfwdk@[m trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;/ &if=um;apha&;ukd rvkyfvdk@rjzpfbl;? vkyfukd
vkyf&rSmyJ? vlxku 'gukdyJ awmif;qdkae=uwm? vlxkukd,fpm; usaemfwdk@u vlxkeJ@twl vufrSwf
a&;xk;d yGJ v_y&f mS ;r_w@dk qkawmif;yGw J @kd tjzLa&mifvy_ &f mS ;r_w@kd vky&f wm? 'ga=umifv h xl ak wG[m usaemf
wdk@eJ@ òrdŒe,fuwqifh aus;vuftxd yg0ifcJh=uw,f? tckqdk&if 5 odef;ausmfvlxk[m vufrSwf
a&;xdk;cJh=u+yD? aemufvJyJ vkyfae&rSmyJ? vlxkawG&JΠoabmxm;/ qENawG[m ypfy,fjcif; cHxm;
107
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

ae&or# acsr_ef;jcif; cHae&or#umvywfvHk;/ vlxkqENudk wenf;enf;eJ@ azmfjyae&rSmyJ? rjzpfjzpfwJh

enf;eJ@ qufvyk o f mG ;r,fAsm? tJ't D wGuf enf;enf;av;rS aemufqw k of mG ;rSm r[kwb f ;l ? bma=umifh
vJqkd usaemfw@kd wikd ;f jynfrmS trsK;d om; jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;ukd rjzpfraevky&f rJ@ tajctaea=umihyf g?”
tJ'tD oHawGu pdw&f ŒJ eH&eH @J O;D aESmufuvmyfpnf;awGxrJ mS yJw h ifvid_ ;f xaewm? tm±Hak =um
awGu b,fvdkrsm; aphaqmfvdkufovJrod? =uufoD;ar$;n‡if;xoGm;? pdwftaqmufttHkxJrSm
rif;ukdEkdifa&mufvm+yD; ajymaewm? ausmfrif;,keJ@ jrat;wdk@a&mufvm+yD; [pfaºuG;aewm? urBm
avmu[m ±kef;&if;qefcwf jzpfoGm;ovm;rod? wdrfwdkufawG zsyfceJòyduGJoGm;? aevHk;[m wdrfv$m
apmifòcHxlxlxJuae w&J&Jay:xGufvmcJh? tarSmifeJ@ tvif;wkdufyGJ? wavmuvHk; vif;vuf
awmufyoGm;? ta=umufw&m;awG&JŒatmufu wcsKd@aom tbwdk@/ OD;av;wkd@/ ta':eJ@nDrwdk@
owWdtvif;awG &&SdoGm;=uaygh? “vlxkawG&JŒ oabmxm;qENawG ypfy,fjcif;cHxm;ae&or#/ acsr_ef;
jcif; cHxm;ae&or# umvywfv;kH vlxq k ENawGudk wenf;enf;eJ@ az: jyaerSmyJ? tJ't D wGuf enf;enf;av;rS
aemufqkwfoGm;rSmr[kwfbl; ”wJh? vlawG&JŒ tonf;ESvHk;awGukd txyfxyf t}udrf}udrf ajymif;vJ
apcJh? b0ukdyg ajymif;vJapcJh wJh[pfaºuG;oHawG? wu,fu wdkufyGJac:oH? b0xJrSm tjrpfpGJaewJh
ta=umufw&m; tarSmifx&k ŒJ teuf±id_ ;f qH;k ae&mrSm tJ'w D u
dk yf aJG c:oH pum;pkawGudk xGe;f n‡d vdu k =f u
+yD; jzpfygvdrfhr,f? cE<mudk,fxJrSm vuf,Sufxdk; jzmxGufaewJh aoG;a=umawGukd v#yfppf"mwfóud;
awGtjzpf zefwD;+yD; pdwf"mwf v#yfppfrD;oD; xGef;n‡d vdkuf=u+yD;jzpfygvdrfhr,f? [kwfw,fav?
tJ'DwdkufyGJac:oHawG[m za,mif;wkdifwaxmiftm; v#yfppf rD;oD;awGtjzpf vif;vufae&rSm?
xGef;n‡dxm;&rSm?

Ú Ú Ú

“eJeJav;rS aemufqkwfoGm;rSm r[kwfbl;”

axmifeJ@ ppfa=uma&;rSm ESpfrsm;pGmaecJh=u? tckvnf; vufxdyfeJ@ajcusif;eJ@ axmiftykyfeH@
awGukd *±krpdkufyJ v_yf&Sm;±kef;uefae=u? eJeJav;rS aemufqkwfoGm;rSm r[kwfbl;qdkwJh toHv_dif;vdyf
}uD;awGu wwd,t}udrf ajy;vm±dkufcwfpOf cE<mukd,f[m ajrmufwufoGm;w,f xifvdkuf&w,f?
±kwfw&uf rwfwyf&yfrdvsufom;jzpfoGm;? aumif;uif [if;vif;jyifukd vSrf;jrifae&wJh rSefjywif;
ayguf&Sd&mukd ajcwvSrf; wdk;vdkufrdvsufom; jzpfoGm;w,f? Armjynfukd jyefoGm;csifvdkufwm?
aus;vufu vlxkawGxJtxd ta&mufoGm;csifw,f? pdwfajcaxmufeJ@r[kwfbl;? cE<mukd,f ±kyf
ajcaxmufeJ@ oGm;csifwm? vufydkuf+yD;armh=unfh? aumif;uifxJu a&G@vsm;oGm;vmae=uwJh wdrfr#if
awGukd tm;us+yD;ajymrdaewmav?
“ausmif;om;awG qlylr_vkyfvm&if/ vlxkqlylr_jzpfvm&if/ ausmif;om;awGukd axmifxJ
xnfhxm;r,f? a&SŒu umqD;ae&if acsr_ef;oGm;&rSmjzpfw,f? tm%mukd jzwfvrf;u &,lvdkolawG
&Sdvmw,f/ acsr_ef;oGm;&rSmyJ?”
108
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

em;xJrSm w*sif*sifrnfoGm;? pdwftaqmufttHkxJrSm te,ftrd_uf a'goawG[m

tHkusif;zGJ@&mu qlyGufxvmcJh? wr[kwfcsif;rSmaygh? awmfawmfrdkuf±dkif;wJhaumif? ol&Jabma=umif
oavmuf aumufuspfwJhajracG;yJ? b,fol&SdrvJ? jyef=um;a&; wm0ef,lxm;wJh ausmfqef;qdkwJh
aumif? ajracG;tkyx f uJ ajracG;waumif? vlxq k ENoabmxm;ukd azmfxw k wf hJ ausmif;om;ukd qlqyl yl l
vkyfwJholwJh? acsr_ef;ypfr,f? axmifcsypfr,fwJh? tif;av æ vlxkwdkufyGJ rD;awmifawGeJ@ tm%m
jy\'f tm%meef;awmfukd rD;avmifwdkufroGif;Edkifao;or#/ jymrcsEkdifao;or#/ acsr_ef;r_awGeJ@
óuHawG@ae&rSmyJ? awmfvSefa&; jzpfpOfawGtwkdif;ayyJaygh? ayjzpfwkef;cHaygh? vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; wlb0
a&mufatmif ul;ajymif;oGm;ae&wJh umvr[kwfvm;?
a[m æ awG;&if;awm&if; vSrf;jrifvdkufwm opfudkif;ajcmuf r[kwfvm;? aqG;ajrŒrJeuf
opfudkif;ajcmuf? ajray:ukd ckefqif;ðywfusvmcJhwm? jywif;aygufu iHk@=unfhvdkufawmh yJhusvmwJh
opfudkif;ajcmufukd vSrf;jrifae&w,f? ausmfqef; rwdkifrDu b,faumifvJ? 'Dopfukdif;ajcmuf taqG;
tajrŒvnf; b,fawmh yJhusrvJ/ ðywfusrvJ? wu,fu 'Dvkd opfudkif;ajcmuf tpkwftEkwfrajymeJ@
opfukdif;&JŒ yifpnfyifrwckvHk; òydusysufokOf;oGm;&rSm? 88 rkefwdkif;vdk òzdvJSypfygvdrfhr,f? 'ga=umifh
'Duae@ rjzpfraevkyf=u&rSmu rkefwdkif;arG;jrLa&;yJ?

Ú Ú Ú

a[mAs? rkefwdkif;arG;jrLa&;u òrdŒ}uD;awGuwqifh òrdŒvwf/ òrdŒi,f aus;&Gmtkyfpktxd weH

wvsm; a&mufomG ;ygyaum? igrh w S pf pk mtkyx
f rJ mS yJ pkaqmif;a&;xm;cJw h m? ðypkcw
hJ m òrdŒaygi;f oH;k q,f
ausmf tjzLa&mifv_yf&Sm;r_/ vufrSwf a&;xkd;yGJv_yf&Sm;r_/ qkawmif;yGJv_yf&Sm;r_awG[m tJ'D òrdŒjy
aus;vufa'oawGqD a&mufomG ;cJw h m? 'Dvy_ &f mS ;r_wu dk yf }JG uD;[m 88 ta&;awmfy}kH uD;t+yD;rSm }uD;rm;
us,fjyef@wJh vlxkwdkufyGJyJa[h? uwW&mvrf;ay:uwqifh vSnf;vrf;txd? wuUodkvfausmif;uae
EGm;wif;ukyftxd? tarrmwkd@ om;trdeJ@ ausmif;om;awGu p+yD;vufrSwfa&;xdk;yGJ v_yf&Sm;r_[m
jynfya&muf&SdvmcJh? vufrSwfawG taxmiftaomif; rsm;pGmjzpfoGm;/ *sifrD(ausmfrif;,k) vufxJu
ae ukdzDtmeeftxd vufrSwfawG? pm&GufawGuwqifh uGefjyLwmtxd? +yD;awmh EkdifiHwum
vl@tzGJ@tpnf;awGtxd jzef@um;xGufoGm;? vufrSwfawG?
2006 atmufwdkbmxJrSm a&$wd*Hk&ifjyifay:u 0wfðyqkawmif;yGJ[m 1920 ausmif;om;
v_y&f mS ;r_xuf ta&twGuf rsm;jym;vGe;f vSaew,faemf? ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif OD;bOD;wk@d azgucf w hJ hJ
&mZ0ifxJuvrf;aygh? [kwfw,f &mZ0ifxJu vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_vrf;r}uD;? olwdk@u yxr vGwfajrmuf
a&;vrf;? a&$wd*Hk&ifjyifuae e,fwum &yfwumu apwD&ifjyifawGay:txd jyef@ESH@ ul;puf
oGm;vdkufwJh 0wfðyqkawmif;jcif; v_yf&Sm;r_vrf;r}uD;awG?
aqmif;&JŒtat;"mwfu wavmuvHk;ukd odrf;ydkufxm;yHk&w,f? tdrfxJrSm at;puf
odycf aJ e+yD; tdycf ef;jywif;ayguaf b;rSm b,fEpS ef m&Dtxd ausmufqpf±yk f jzpfomG ;ovJrod? tckav;yJ
109
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

owd&awmh ajcacsmif;vufacsmif;awG[m a&cJacsmif;awG jzpfomG ;ae+yD? {nf;cef;xJu rD;vif;zd&k &dS mudk

ajy;vmcJh? rD;vif;zdkab;rSm "mwfaiG@rD;jcpf/ xif;acsmif;/ xif;wHk;awGu toifh&Sd+yD;om;? tarSmifxk
vdkygyJ? tat;xkuvnf; +idrfoufat;pufatmif n‡dK@iifwkyfaESmifxm; wwfwmyJ? rD;v#HawGu
tat;xkukd òzdvSJzsufodrf;ypfvdrfhr,f? 'gjzifh rD;v#HawGukd b,fvdk&atmif vkyf,l&rvJ? rD;ar$;,l/
ysKd;,l&vdrfhr,f? xif;p xif;acsmif; ao;ao;i,fi,fawGukd awhqdkifxm;? wacsmif;ay:wacsmif;
uef@vef@jzwfpkpnf;xm;? waygifausmf wifxm;? zGzG&G&G? wae&mrSm xdef;n‡dxm;&? xif;p ao;ao;
r#ifr#ifxdyfrSm rD;pGJatmif rD;jcpfu rD;v#Hao;ao;eJ@rD;n‡d? +yD;awmhrS xif;acsmif; tpktpnf;xJ tom
t,m xnfhvdkufw,fqdk&ifyJ pwifrD;pGJavmif? *sufvef'efa&;wJh To build a fire ukd oGm;owd&
ao;awmh? rD;v#HawGudk zefwD;wnfaxmifjcif;wJh? 62 eJ@ 87 t=um;u rD;v#HawGeJ@ 88 eJ@ 2006
=um;xJu rD;v#HawGudk Ed_if;,SOf=unfh? Ed_if;&w&m;t& b,frD;v#Hu pGrf;tif}uD;cJhygvdrfh? vlawGu
b,fvdkyg0ifcJhovJ? pdef=umanmifv$ oef;a&$eef;yv†ifukd rD;pGJpðyaeyg+yD? vl@aoG; vl@toufeJ@ ap;cJ
aewJh tm%mvuf=urf; vufrJ}uD;ukd rDv#HawGxJrSm jymcs ypf=uayawmh?
a&cJacsmif;vdk at;pufawmifhcJaewJh vufESpfzufukd rDv#HxJ xdk;xnfhvdkufw,f? tm;yg;yg;
jzpfoGm;? OD;aESmufqJvfawGu csufcsif;wkef@jyefvdkufw,f? [ æ ylw,f? vufESpfzufjyefqGJ,l? ukd,fh
vufudk,hf jyefqGJ,lvdkuf&? at;cJodyfonf;r_ukd aEG;axG;atmif vkyf,l&wm awmfvSefa&;yJ? vlowf
wJh tm%mvuf=urf;axmfudk vlxrk ;D v#x H x
J nfh jymcswm[m awmfveS af &;yJ? obm0 awmfveS af &;eJ@
pepfawmfvSefa&;/ vlwef;pm;awmfvSefa&;?
vlxkwkdufyGJrD;v#HawG? ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk rkef;wD;pufqkwfwJh pdwf"mwf[m avmifpm
awGy?J txyfxyf tEkid u f sichf &H vGe;f vd@k tH}udww f if;rmaewJh vGwaf jrmufa&;pdw"f mwf[m avmifpm
awGy?J tm%meef;awmfawGudk jymcscw hJ hJ avmifpmrD;usncf aJ wG? a&mr u|eaf wmfveS af &; acgi;f aqmif
pygwmuyfu awmfvSefa&;p+yDqdkwm bk&ifhtapmihfwyfom; aygol;pfuwqifh bk&ifukd ajymckdif;vdkuf
onf? rif;wk@d tm%m&Sib f &k ifudk oGm;ajymvdu k ?f igw@kd [m tcktcsed u
f p+y;D taptyg; aus;u|eaf wG
r[kwfawmhbl;? igwkd@vGwfajrmufoGm;+yD? igwkd@vGwfvyfoGm;+yD? tJ'D vGwfvyfa&;twGuf bk&ifukd
&ifqikd f wduk cf ukd zf @kd toifjh zpfae+yDqw kd m oGm;ajymacsawmh? pygwmuyf[m "m;vGwu f 0dk if+h yD; bk&ifudk
pdefac:tHwkvdkufw,f? vSvdkufwJh&mZ0ifcef;?
ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifu toHvi$ Xhf meuwqifh ajymckid ;f vdu k wf ,f? wav#mufv;kH xlxk
qENawG acsr_ef;cHxm;or# umvywfvHk; vlxkqENawGukd az: jyaerSmyJ? tJ'DtwGuf eJeJav;rS
aemufqkwfoGm;rSm r[kwfbl; æ wJh? ppftm%m&Sif pepfukd pdefac:+yD; owfuGif;xJ qGJac:vdkufw,f?
vSvdkufwJh ordkif;cef;?
w,fvDzkef;jrnfoH pl;&Su tawG;tvsifukd jzwfvdkufjyefyg+yDaum? w,fvDzkef;oHu tdrf
eH&HrSm yJhwifxyfoGm;?
“q&mOD;oufatmifæ q&ma& usaemfjrwfopfyg? zifvefu zkef;qufaewmyg? 'gyJ
q&ma& aemufrS jyefqufr,f æ”
w,fvDzkef;qDodk@ vlra&mufrD toHzrf;pufu yGifhoGm;awmh toHu tJ'D toHzrf;pufxJ
ukpd ;D 0ifae+yD? jrwfopfudk rrDvu kd af wmh? ausmckid ;f +yD;jyefxu
G v
f m? ajcESpvf rS ;f ta&muf w,fvzD ek ;f u
110
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

xyf+yD;jrnfvmcJh? “[Jvdk ajymygqdkawmh tdrfu ZeD;jzpfaew,f ”

“uku d adk & *syeftiftm;pkawGudk vSr;f csw
d af wmh? ckvmr,fh we*FaEGrmS 15 }urd af jrmuf vlxk
v_yf&Sm;r_ukd 6 EkdifiH wòydifwnf;vkyf=urSm r[kwfvm;? vSrf;csdwfzdk@ arhaerSmpdk;vdk@ tvkyfxJu vSrf;+yD;
owday;vdkufwm? tjynfjynfqdkif&m vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_ tiftm;pm&if; xkwfjyefxm;wmukdvJ olwdk@
awG@=urSmyJ? aoe*FAsL[mjzpfwJh ppftm%m&Sifpepf zsufodrf;ypf/ EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; csufcsif;
v$wfqdkwmukd t"duaºuG;a=umf&rSmukdvnf; rarh=uzdk@? n‡dvdkufygaemf? jynfwGif;vlxk wkdufyGJeJ@
wòydifwnf;rSmyJ jynfyrSmvJv_yf&Sm;zdk@qdkwm tm;vHk;vJtodyJ? 'gyJaemf zkef;quf+yD; csdwfxm;ayawmh
ukdukd tdrfrSmbmvkyfaevJæ”
“Armjynfukd oGm;aewm a':cGef;Zifa&Œ ”
zkef;csvdkufawmh trsKd;orD;awG&JŒ idk±_dufoHawGukd ajy;owd&rdv#ufom; jzpfoGm;w,fav?
v#yfppf"mwfvdkufovdkyJ? usifceJ eifhusJoGm;? [dkykef;aus;&Gmu yavmiftrsKd;orD;oHk;OD; rk'def; tusifh
cHcJh&? cr& 9 rk'def;wyfu rk'def;usifhwm? "m;eJ@vJxdk;owf? b,hfES,f 'Dwcgawmh aoewfeJ@ ypfrowf
ygvm;? 1 a,mufao/ 2 a,mufaq;±Hka&muf? 2006 atmufwkdbm wwd,ywfxJrSm jzpf=uwm?
&yfwum e,fwum vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_awGxJ aygif;qHkpD;0ifvmwJh idkaºuG;oHawGaygh? rk'def;usifh=u/
"m;eJ@vdkufxdk;=u/ toufvk+yD; xGufajy;cJh=u/ a=uuGJayawmh rdcifr[majr}uD;a&? EkdifiHa&;orm;awG
bk&m;ay:rwuf&/ 0wfròy&/ qkrawmif;&/ ydwfqdk@tEkdifusifhcH&wJh aemftkef;vSeJ@ vlxkig;q,fausmfwdk@
a&$wd*Hk&ifjyifay: ra&mufawmh? tv,fyOP,H um;vrf;ab;rSmyJ 0wfðy qkawmif;vdkuf=u&?
rSefjywif;aygufuae rdk;0ukdvSrf;ar#mf=unfhawmh vlxkwdkufyGJwdrfwdkufawG[m wtkyf+yD;
wtky/f wokw+f yD;wokw/f [d;k ta0;qD csw D ufae=u? b,fou l wm;qD;vd@k &rSmvJ? [if;vif; yGiahf ewJh
&if0xJrSm/ &if0xJukd wdrfwdkufawGu w'D;'D; pD;qif;aewm? wdrfwdkufawG[m csDwufae=u?
aumif;uifxJu tm%meef;ykv†ifjy\'fukd rD;wdkufjymcszdk@? tJ'DwdrfwdkufawGu &if0xJukd w'D;'D;
pD;qif;aeav&JŒ?

Ò Ò Ò

(2006 atmuf w d k b m vl x k v _ y f & S m ;r_ wd k u f y G J r sm;uk d T0wˆ K uAsmzG J @ pnf ; r_ j zif h *k % f ð yvd k u f
ygonf ? )

Edk0ifbm 29 / 2006
opPm trSwf(12) azazmf0g&Dv/ 2007

111
armifpdk;csdef
tarSmifn . rD;yGir
hf sm;
aorif;. wHcg;0xHo@kd qdu k af &muf vmcJh
ouJhodk@ pdwfv_yf&Sm;cHpm;=u&onf? pdwf rouf
omr_/ a'gocHjyif;r_w@kd u vlwikd ;f .&ifukd avmifòru
apcJhavonf? aorif; wHcg;aygufjzpfaeonfh
+cHpnf;±kd;t0if0odk@ a&mufvmonfESifh tcsKd@
v,form;wdk@rSm wufacgufvkduf=uonf?
“igwdk@ay: oabmxm;u'gyJvm;uG”
wufacguf tH}uw d vf u
kd =f uonf? igw@kd
[m w&m;cHawG r[kwfbl;? w&m;cHudk azmfxkwf
&r,f æ [lI wcsKd@v,form;awGu [pfaºuG;
pdefac:vdkuf=uonf? wHcg;0tapmifh ykvdyfawG
a&S@rmS yJ bmudrk *S ±krpdu k af wmhbJ pdeaf c:vdu k =f u
onf? rsuv f ;kH awGjymoGm;+y?D a'goawGu qlyu
v#x H vmcJhonf?
oHql;óud;awG um&HydwfqD;xm;onfh
abmvHk;uGif;udk acwWppfaq;a&;pcef;tjzpf
owf r S w f x m;=ujcif ; jzpf o nf ? T *sKd ; jzL&G m
abmvHk;uGif;u ta0;ajy; um;vrf;rab;wGif
&Sad eonft h wGuf vljrifuiG ;f jzpfaeonf? c&D;onf
wif bwfpfum;rsm;ay:rS c&D;onfrsm; wzGJzGJ
qif;vmcJu h m xdak bmvH;k uGi;f t0ift0od@k qdu k f
a&mufvmcJ=h uonf? olw@kd . ZeD;rsm;/ orD;rsm;rSm
xdk*dwft0ifaygufwGif idk,kd=uonf?
tburl yHrk eS f vrf;av#muf0ifvm ouJh
od@k aorif;wHcg;0od@k 0ifvmcJo h nf? at;av? 'Dvykd J
jzpf&awmhrSmaygh[k pdwfwGif a&&Gwfonf? ol@rSm
óudwifrSef;qxm;r_awG &SdcJh+yD;om;? ta&;awmfykH
rSm igw@kd awG usq;kH oGm;wJt h wGuf 'Dvykd J jzpf&awmh
rSmyJ[k óudwifrSef;q xm;cJh+yD;om;? xdk@a=umifh
&ifu h supf mG òy;H &if; usm;yg;pyfayguf aorif;wHcg;0od@k
112
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
0ifvmEkdifcJhjcif; jzpfonf?
tb.ajr;ruav; oif;jrrSm [pfidk
d f vd k u f p Of wnf + id r f a om tbajcvS r f ; rsm;rS m
wcsuf wkH@qdkif;oGm;onf?
“ajr;rav;a& oif;jra& tbtwGuf ridyk ge@J u, G f
æ 'Dtcsed u f mvrSmyJ tckvkd jzpfvm&rSmyJ uG@J ”
[lI pdwfjzifhwD;wdk;ajymrdonf? ajr;r
av;u b,fvm=um;Ekdifyghrnfenf;?
“tba& æ tb/ orD;wdk@ &Gmrjyef
ao;bl; æ tjyifbufrmS orD;wd@k ajr;tzGm; apmifh
aer,faemf æ orD;wd@k 'DrmS &Sad er,faemf tb ”
oif;jrtoHu qdk@eifhaeonf? tb
G f &ifwiG f eifhoGm;onf? v,form;wOD;csif; tppf
aq;cHae&aom ae&modk@ tbu OD;wnfoGm;
onf? ol@tvSnfh a&mufvmrnfhtcsdefudk apmifh
aerSmjzpfojzifh ajray:wGix f ikd cf svu
kd o
f nf? jruf±ikd ;f
tnGef@xGufpajruGuf? e,kefrdk;ajy; jrufom;arG;
cJh+yD? jrufcif;pdrf;Ekp ajruGufay:wGif xdkifcsvdkuf
onfEiS hf tb.rdwaf qG v,form;wcsKŒd tbqDo@kd
tv#Kdv#Kda&mufvm=uonf?
“tb&,f æ jzpfrjS zpf&avæ tbvJ
'Dab;'kuQu rvGwfao;ygvm;Asm ”
“æ æ æ ”
“tbukad wG@&awmh usaemfw@dk tm;&Sd
w,fAsm? pkpkpnf;pnf;eJ@ bmawGajym=ur,f æ
awmif;qd=k ur,fqw kd m tbeJ@wikd yf ifv@kd &wmayg”h
wcsKd@u tm;wuf? wcsKd@u tbxH
rsuEf mS i,fi,fEiS fh a&mufvmcJ=h uonf? bmvkyf
vd@k bmudik &f rSe;f rod? vrf;aysmufaeonf? wu,f
u rdef;ra&$em;uyf&Sdygu a&$em;uyfukd c|wfaygif/
 armifpdk;csdef
tdr&f o dS ul tdraf &mif;+y;D wm0efauspyg;ukd qyf=u
&onf? bmrSa&mif;csp&mr&S/d vufrt hJ &if;rJah om
tcg zrf;csiv f nf;zrf;=ua[h [kqu kd m v,form;
rsm; Tae&modk@ a&mufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? tb
xHyg;od@k a&mufvmaom OD;zd;k apmu olcpH m;&onfh
twdik ;f &ifziG ahf omtcg qef;ppfra_ wG ygvmonf?
“ylylaEG;aEG;yJ&Sdygao;w,f æ tm%m
odrf;+yD;cJhwm &SpfvyJ&Sdygao;w,f æ igwdk@ rif;wdk@
awmif;qdkcJhwJhtxJrSm v,fcGefawGukd aiGeJ@yJ
ay;r,f/ pyg;wwif;E_ef;ukd y,fzsufay;zdk@ igwdk@
awmif;cJ=h uwmyJæ aiGe@J ay;&wke;f u v,fw{u
udk pyg;wwif;ay;&w,f? pyg;wwif; uk;d usyEf e_ ;f eJ@
yJxm; ukd;usyfay;&w,f æ 'D v,fcGefay;&wm
awmif tenf;qHk;tqifhrSm jyifray;Ekdifawmhbl;
qdk&if txGufwdk;pyg;/ wm0ef auspyg;ay;&rSmukd
b,fvmy,fzsuf ay;ygrh vJumG æ tcktm%m
odr;f wJah umifawGu olw@kd q&m}uD;ae0if; vkycf hJ
wJhtwdkif; v,form;awG&J@ pyg;ukd aoewfeJ@
"m;jywdu k ,f rl mS yJ?ta&;awmfy}kH u;D xJrmS v,form;
awG yg0ifawmfveS cf w hJ t hJ wGuf v,form;awGudk
yd+k yD;zd&r,f æ ESyd &f r,f æ cs&r,fq+kd yD; æ igw@kd udk
tn‡Kd;eJ@ csaewmvdk@ igawmhodae+yDuG æ”
tbtodrw d af qGO;D zd;k apmu w&GmxJ
om;awmhr[kwf? Arm'dkuftif;&Gmu jzpfonf?
u&if'dkuftif;&Gmom; apmzdk;eDu OD;zdk;apm ajym
onfukd oabmusoGm;+yD; u&ifoH0J0Jjzifh
“[kww f ,fAsmrSev f u
dk af v”[k axmuf
cHonf? tbOD;pdeu f kd aphaph=unhu f m òyH;&if; xdo k @dk
axmufcH wufºuGaejcif;jzpfonf? tbOD;pdefu
olwdk@e,fwGif vlodrsm;onf? *syef awmfvSefa&;
wGif uGejf rLepfygwD ajratmuf v_y&f mS ;r_wiG f yg0if
cJhol? v,form; ajymufusm;ppfacgif;aqmif?
aemifaomtcg jynfo@l &aJ bmf jzpfvmonf? u&if
trsKd;om;}uD; apmzdk;eDu tbOD;pdefESihftwl
uGejf rLepf ajratmufvy_ &f mS ;r_wiG f yg0ifco hJ ?l *syef
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
zufqpfudk twlwuG awmfveS f armif;xkwcf o hJ ?l
“ajymAsm ukpd ed f æ cifAsm;oabmxm;
awG b,fvdk&SdvJ em;axmifcsifw,f? touf}uD;
umrS axmifus&ifvJ usaygh? 'gayrJh igwkd@ wckck
vkyf&vdrfhr,f? ”
tEkdifusifhcHxm;&onfh rGJawrJarSmif
aom vl@b0ukd olw@kd rvkcd siaf wmh? xkb d 0rS olwdk@
±kef;xGufvGwfajrmuf vdk=u+yD?
“bef@ayG;uke;f &Gmu OD;pdeaf &muf+yDvm;
'DrSm&Sdvm; æ OD;pdef&Sdvm; OD;pdeftvSnfha&mufae
+yD æ ±Hk;cef;xJ0ifyg”
òrŒd e,fppfaq;a&;tzG@J . tapmifh ykvyd f
u tbukdvSrf;ac:onf? ±Hk;cef;odk@ tb 0ifcJh&
avonf? ajymvufppum;ukdjzwfum tb
xGufvmcJhpOf tbab;wGif v,form;vli,f
ESpfa,mufu ygvmcJhonf? tbudk wGJac: vmcJh
=ujcif;jzpfonf? +cHpnf;±dk;tjyifbuf&Sd ajr;r
uav;oif;jr. &Jwif;tm;ay;toHu tbxH
a&mufvmonf? orD;wd@k tm;vH;k &Sad ew,f? bmrS
tm;ri,feJ@tba& æ qdkaom tm;wif;oHu
yJhwifxyfoGm;onf?
±Hk;cef;a&mufvmpOf +idrfydtzGJ@u tb
ukdpdkuf=unfhonf? tbdk;tdkukd w&m;cHtjzpf
owfrw S x
f m;cJ+h yD; jzpfonft h wGuf w&m;cHtjzpf
ppfaq;onf? v,form;qdkwm trdef@emcHwwf
ol? a=umufwwfo?l a=umufwwf&if 0efuif;ol
qd+k yD; cH,x l m;wwfoal wG? v,form; qdw k mu
b,ftkyfcsKyfoludkrqdk bk&iftjzpf wifajr‡muf
xm;wwfoal wG? tkypf ;kd ol a&ajrŒ&Siu f trde@f ay;&if
OD;aqG;qHajrΠwm0efxrf;&GufolawG? u|efawG?
Tod@k v,form;rsm;ukd vl@evyde;f wk;H rsm;tjzpf
t+rJwrf; oabmxm; cJh=uonf? ppftkyfcsKyfa&;
òrdŒe,f+idryf t d zG@J u tbOD;pdeu f dk xdu
k oJ @kd oabm
xm;a=umif; olwdk@t=unh/f olw@kd tajymrsm;wGif
awG@&adS ecJah vonf?
113
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

“bma=umihf wm0efauspyg; rqyfwm pyg; rqyfEidk w f mvnf;qdw k m usaemfw@kd v,form;

vnf; æ EkdifiHawmftpdk;&ukd tuJprf;wmvm; æ awGrSm ta=umif;awG&Sd+yD;om;yJ? pyg;qdkvdk@
pdeaf c:wmvm; æ vrf;rawGay:rSm xGu+f yD; rif;rJh tdrrf mS Ek@d qbD ;l wbl;awmifr&Sb d ;l æ? cspw f ;D acwf
p±dkufawGeJ@ ykefuef=uwmratmifjrifvdk@ tpdk;& e,fcsJ@acwfukd jyefroGm;aphcsifbl; æ usaemfwdk@
csrSwfxm;wJhtrdef@ukd quf+yD; qef@usifwmvm; v,form;awG[macwftqufqufu ajr&Sipf epf
æ [kwfvm;OD;pdef ” ukd qef@usicf w hJ m æ rvdv k m;cJw
h m æ v,form;
“qef@usiw f m rqef@usiw f mu wydik ;f awGtodq;kH yJ ”
jzpfvdrfhr,f æ wu,fajym&rJhtydkif;u cifAsm; “cifAsm;wa,mufwnf; udpu P dk ajymwJh
wk@d yikd q f ikd x
f m;wJh v,f,majray:rSm 'Duae@acwf tcg v,form;awGtm;vHk;ukd qGJrxnfhygeJ@ æ
v,fvyk af e=uwJh oD;pm;v,form;awG[m e,fcsŒJ cifAsm;udpPudkyJ cifAsm;ajym ”
t*Fvdyfacwfu ajrydkif&Sif cspfwD;ukvm;awG xdt k ajctaewGif wif;rmvmavonf?
vufxufu oD;pm;v,form;awG aºuG;xlvdk@ òrŒd e,f ppftyk cf sKyaf &;tzG@J xu J wm0ef&o dS u l ol@a&S@
aºuG;rqyfEkdifwJh jy\emrsKd;/ tJ'Djy\emudk upm;yGJckHukd vufoD;jzihfxkum tbOD;pdefudk ykef
'DacwfrSm xyfawG@ae&w,f? 'Dawmh wm0efaus uefjcm;em;oljzpfatmif acsmufxJ wGef;csonf?
pyg;/ txGufwdk;pyg;/ bmpyg;/ nmpyg; wm0ef trSefw&m;ukd vufrcHEkdifonhftcg trSefw&m;
raus&if b,fy'k rf t& b,ftjypfudk usL;vGew f m ajymolu&dk efo/l ykeu f efot l jzpf owfrw S yf pfvu dk f
jzpfw,fqdkwJh trdef@&Sd&if cifAsm;wdk@Oya'twkdif; onf? ppftyk cf sKyfa&;tzG@J acgi;f aqmifu tbukd
usaemfwdk@ v,form;awG cHbdk@toifhyJ æ” +cdrf;ajcmufavonf? rD;[kef;[kef;awmufaom
tbonf ol. ukef;aeaomcg;ukd usm;rsuv f ;kH jzifph ukd =f unfo h nf? wnf+idr&f ifu h suf
±kww f &uf qef@vu dk of nf? acgi;f ukad rmh ar;ukjd r‡ihf aom tòy;H rsuEf mS jzifh tbuòy;H v#uf wk@H jyefonf?
xm;vdkufonf? &ifukd aumhxm;vdkufonf? ol@ “zufqpf*syefacwfxJu v,form;
ajymvufppum;ukd toufjyefoiG ;f vdu k af vonf? awG&JΠpyg;ykwfxJupyg;ukd zufqpfu t"rR
“usaemfwdk@v,form;awG rSwfom; ,loGm;=uw,f? aoewfvufeufatmufrSm
xm;wmu cifAsm;wd@k tm%modr;f ppfaumifpu D tJ'Dvdk "m;jywkduf,loGm;ayrJh qefr&Sd pyg;r&SdwJh
a&G;aumufyGJ vkyfay;r,fqdk+yD; aoewfudkif/ ppf v,form;awG/ v,fuv l aD wGudk axmifxJ xnfh
abmif;bD0wf/ a,mufsm;yDyD uwday;cJhwmyJ? rxm;cJw h mawmhtrSeyf J æ ppf'%foifah ewJh =um;
a&G;aumufyrJG mS ay:vmrJv h xl t k pd;k &u vlxq k EN/ u pyg;pdkufwJh v,form;awGukd zufqpf*syef
vlxb k 0eJ@tnD tajccHOya'awG a&;qGrJ ,f? tJ'D u aus;Zl;awmif wifr,fxifyg&JŒ ”
aemufrmS vlxt k pd;k &u wdik ;f jynf pDrcH ef@coJG mG ;r,f? “cifAsm;oGm;awmh/ xGuo f mG ; æ wm0ef
zdEydS rf a_ tmufu usaemfw@kd b0awG[m oufom auspyg;ay;rvm; ray;bl;vm; 'gyo J cd siwf ,f? 'Dn
acsmifcsd vGwv f yfomG ;+yD 'gyjJ zpf&r,f? tck[mu òrŒd e,ftcsKycf ef;udk yd@k rmS jzpfw,f? oGm;awmh ”
vlxt k pd;k &vnf; r&Sad o;bl;? jynfo@l tm%mvnf; tbonf =uufar$;av;wacsmif;vdk
r&Sad o;bl; r[kwv f m;? 'Dawmh v,f&iS ef @J v,fo aygyh g;pGm x&yfvu kd o f nf? b0wlv,form; awG&ŒJ
rm;awG=um;rSm n‡dEdkif;&ifykdaumif;ygvdrfhr,f æ? ukd,fpm;ajymcJh&onfukd aus;Zl;wifygw,f [k
bma=umifh aºuG;rqyfEkdifwmvnf;/ wm0efaus qdkum òyH;I&,farm&if; tbxGufvmcJhonf?
114
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

±Hk;cef;rS xGufvmaom v,form; pm;csdef a&mufonfESihf ar#mf=u&onf? axmif0if

tbdk;tdkukd v,form;rsm;ESihf+cHpnf;±dk;tjyifrS pmxrif;xkyf/ xrif;[if;rSmvJ tdrfuxrif;[if;
vlxu k apmifóh uad i;armae=uonf? bmawGajymcJh jzpfonf? ykdI xl;jcm;aumif;rGefonf r[kwfay?
ovJ? aoewf u d k i f tk y f c sKyf a &;"m;jytzG J @ u tifzuf(odk@r[kwf) iSufaysmzuf xrif;xkyfukd
bmawG ar;jref; csnfwkyfcJhavrvJ? ajzvdkufonfhtcgwGif xrif;ESihf ig;ydaxmif;/
“tba& ±Hk;cef;xJu bmajymvdkuf xrif;ESifhig;ydcsuf? taumif;qHk; tpm;tpm
ovJ æ tdrfjyef&awmhrvm; tdrfudk jyefv$wf tjzpf bJOa=umfukd awG@&wufonf?
vdkuf+yDvm; æ bmajymvdkufovJwJh tbGm;u awmxJodk@ 0g;ckwf/ xif;ckwfoGm;onhf
odyfodcsifaew,fæ” tcg ajr}uD;ay:wGif pm;&/ tdyf&onf? v,fxGef
oif;jru [pfIajymonf? tbu ajr; x,fxdk;awmhvnf; v,fuGufuefoif;ay:wGif
tzGm;ukd ai;=unh+f y;D aemuf olw@dkxH vSr;f oGm;onf? tqmcHpm;&/ a&aEG;=urf; 0dkif;zGJ@aomuf&/ ajrESifh
+cpH nf;±d;k tjyifbuf&dS ajr;tzGm;xHw;kd uyfomG ;onf? ruif;awmh? ajray:rSmarG;/ ajrESihfwom;wnf;/
tbu &,farmaxhaigu h m [movkyv f u
kd of nf? wv$mwnf;? ajray:rSm ajrocifESihf zufayG@&
“wm0efauspyg;ray;EkdifwJh qif;&JwJh onfrSm aysmfarG@p&m? ajray:rSmpm;/ ajray:rSm
oD;pm;v,form;awGtwGuf òrŒd e,ftcsKycf ef; xJ tdyf? bmrSrqef;jym;cJh? odk@aomf æ oD;pm;c
rSm nDvmcHwck usif;yay;r,fwJha[h æ tJ'D nD ray;Ekdifonhf oD;pm;v,form;wdk@ tusOf;wdkuf
vmcHu b,fEpS &f uf/ b,fEpS v f =umr,f rodb;l wJh æ” xJodk@ usa&mufcJhpOf ajray:rSmtdyf/ ajray:rSmpm;
tzG m ;òcH E S i f h ajr;ruav;oif ; jrrS m &aomtcg ajr.om;rsm;ESihftwl ajrocifonf
bmajym&rSef;yifrodawmh? E_wfzsm;rSm “[,f” emusif&avonf?
[lI E_wfqdwf +idrfoufoGm;=uonf? aemufxyfb,fESpfn b,fESpf&ufr#
onftcsKyfcef;ESihf ajray:wGif v,form; tusO;f
2 om;wkd@ ae=u&OD;rnfenf;?
“tb&JŒ 'g[m b0wuUodkvf wckyJ
òrdŒe,fpkaygif;±Hk;pdkuf&m tcsKyfcef;wGif AsK@d æ 'DwuUov kd rf mS usKywf @dk aeor# tawG@tóuH
tusOf;cHv,form;awG jzpfvmcJh=uonf? awG trsm;}uD; &vdkufrSmyJ ”
eHeuf 10 em&Dcq JG &kd if xrif;csKid ehf @J xrif; v,form;vli,fwOD;jzpfonfh o&uf
xkyrf sm; a&mufvmcJ=h uonf? tcsKycf ef;xJ a&muf awm&Gmom; zdk;atmifu tbOD;pdefukd vSrf;+yD;
aecJ=h uonfh v,form;awGudk tdrrf S xrif;xkyf tm;n‡dvdkufonf? zdk;atmifudk tb wkef@jyefyrkH mS
vmyd@k =ujcif;jzpfonf? vSn;f óuHEiS hf wrsK;d / ajcv#if v,form;awGudk t&GŒJ wdu k of yH gaeonf?
woG,f/ um;ESifh &xm;ESihfwzHk vmykd@=u&onf? “qif;&Jom;v,form;awG pk±Hk;=uyg?
tcsKycf ef;rqH@ojzihf v,form; tusO;f &ifziG n hf vD mcHvyk =f uygæ a&SŒa&;twGuf bmvkyf
om;rsm;onf tcsKyfcef;tjyifbuf&Sd ukuUdKyif =urvJqdkwm wdkifyif=uygqdk&if pkpnf;jzpfcsifrS
pdrf;nKd@ndK@atmuf ajrjyifay:wGif jzpfovdk ae=u pkpnf;jzpfr,f æ acgif;xdvdk@ toJrcHEkdifawmhrS
&onf? xrif;xkyfukdajz+yD; ajrjyifay:rSmyJpm;&/ igwk d @ v,f o rm; tawmf r sm;rsm;[m pk p nf ;
tdyf=u&onf? xrif;xkyfydk@rnfholukd eHeufpm jzpf=uw,f æ tckuGm òrdŒe,f&JŒ taemufbuf
115
armifpdk;csdef
jcrf;wckvHk;u v,form;awG ukd,fpm;vS,f
ig;q,fausmfvm+yD; pkpnf;rd=uw,f æ 'g[m
tjrwfyJuG zdk;atmif&JŒ æ tm%m&Sifukdawmif
t&GJŒwdkuf+yD; aus;Zl;wif&awmhrvkdyJuG æ”
u&if'dkuftif;ESihf Arm'dkuftif;&Gmu
v,form;wcsKd@u tbajymonfudk òyH;rd=u
aomfvnf; b0ifrcsdcJh? wcsKd@v,form;awGu
wm0efauspyg;rqyfEidk I f aeyltvSe;f cH=u&onf?
b,fvrkd S n‡px f w k , f vl @kd r&awmhrS v,form;ukd
tcsKyfcef;xJ axmiftusOf;wkdufxJ ydk@vdkufjcif;
jzpfonf? òrŒd e,fppftyk cf sKyaf &;tzG@J u tpnf;ta0;
wufz@kd toHcsŒJ pufEiS hf atmf[pf ta=umif;=um;
aomfvnf; tjcm;aus;&GmrS v,form;awGrSm
r=um;vdu k =f u? ysuu f uG f cJ=h uonfh v,form;rsm;
ukd ppfwyfESifh ppftkyfcsKyfa&;u *sDo&D;ajymif;0ukd
iHkcdkif;onf? wcsKd@ v,form;rsm;rSm ppfzdeyfjzifh
aqmifhtuefcH&onf? v,form;u aºuG;I
v,form;0,fay;aom aoewf'ife@J v,form;
rsm; txkc&H avonf? wcsK@d v,form;rsm; rsuEf mS
udk vufoD;jzifh txdk;cH&ojzifh tmvl;uJhodk@ zl;
a,mif ndKrJukefonf? wcsKd@v,form;rsm;ukd
tpnf;ta0;ysufuGufonf[kqdkum aiG'%f
aqmifcdkif;onf? ppfwyfonfbk&ifyJ? aoewfESifh
ppfwyfonf w&m;±Hk;yJ? pdwfwdkif;us w&m;rJh
tEkdifusifhcGifh &xm;avonf?
tdrfu rdom;pkvmydk@onf@ xrif;xkyf
ukd qmavmifrw G o f yd f ar#maf pmih&f if; ajrjyiftcif;
ay:wGif 0dkif;zGJ@ nDvmcH=ujcif;jzpfonf? twGif;
tcsKyfcef;xJrSmvnf; tjcm;&mZ0wf tusOf;
om;rsm;ESihftwl v,form;tusOf;om;awG
tjynfhtodyf? tcsKyfcef;xJrS v,form;awG
tm;vH;k rSm onfnv D mcHo@kd wufa&mufciG rhf &=u?
“tm%modrf;+yD; &Spfvmt=umrSm
v,form;awGukd yGJOD;xGuf OD;csKd;emrfESdrfwmyJ
OD;zd;k apm&JŒæ yJc;l ta&SŒjcrf;wd@k {&m0wDwikd ;f wd@k u
116
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
v,form;awGvnf; usKyfwdk@vdkygyJAsmæ tJ'Du
v,form;awG trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfeJ@
vl@abmifopfygwDukd tultnD oGm;awmif;=u
owJ?h tckvzdk Ed ydS &f rf;um;r_awGudk umuG,af y;zd@k
v,form;awGudk,fwkdif owif;ydk@=u? wdkif=u
awm=uowJh æ tJ'DygwDawGuvnf; ppfacgif;
aqmif apmarmifw@kd udk xkwjf yefcsuaf wGe@J wm;qD;
w,fAs æ xkwfjyefcsufawG xkwfjyefvdk@qdk+yD;
òrdŒe,fppftkyfcsKyfa&;±Hk;awGu vl@abmifopfygwD
0iftcsK@d udk axmifxx J xhJ m;onft h xd ppfaumifpD
tm%m&Siaf wGuvufoaH jymifae=u+yu D ,kd v
hf w
l @dk ”
tbpdeu f ol@rw d af qGcsp&f aJ bmf u&if
trsK;d om;}u;D apmzd;k eDuòdk y;H =unf&h if; today;av
onf? apmzd;k eDrmS tH=h ooGm;[efjzihf wHawG;wcsuf
axG;xkwfvdkufonf? aq;&Guf}uD;ukd tHoGm;jzifh
wcsufzdudkuf&if; acgif;ukd wGifwGifcgvdkufonf?
tbwd@k òrŒd e,fajrmufyikd ;f u v,form;
rsm;omru tjcm;òrdŒe,fta&SŒjcrf; taemuf
jcrf;u v,form;rsm;yg tcsKycf ef;xJrmS vma&muf
qHq k nf;=uonf? eHeufcif; ukuKdU yif&yd f v,form;
nDvmcHu t&Sdef&p? v,form;awGukd zrf;qD;
axmifxJ xnfhxm;onhf owif;u awmrD;yrm
ysHŒESH@cJh+yDjzpfojzifh pmemcHpm;onfhvlxkrsm;rSm
wzGzJ JG a&mufvmcJ=h uonf? bmuln&D rvJ? a&wk@d /
&dumQ wd@k vHak vmuf&ŒJ vm;? ponfyh yl efrj_ zifh axmuf
yhu
H n l v D o kd nfh vlxak wGvnf; wjznf;jznf; rsm;jym;
vm? oHql;óud;pnf;±dk;odk@ csOf;uyfvmcJh=uonf?
òrŒd e,faxmiftcsKycf ef;eJ@ vlae&yfuu G f
u woD;wjcm;pDr[kwf? axmifeH&HESifh oHql;óud;
ywfywfvnfrSmu vlae&yfuGufESifh vlxkawG?
òrd@uav;ESifh ul;vl;qufoG,fxm;onfh ajrzdk@
vrf;rESihf tcsKyfcef;uvnf; uyfv#ufom;?
“tba& æ tb æ orD;wdk@ a&muf
vm=u+yD? tzGm;vJygw,f æ tbudkajymay;yg
æ tbOD;pdefudkajymay;=uyg æ orD;ajymwmukd
armifpdk;csdef
tbr=um;&if ab;em;u OD;}uD;wkd@uwqifh
ajymjyay;yg&Sifh æ”
ajr;rav;oif ; jru toH u k e f [pf
atmfajymonf? tbu rwfwyf&yfum aemuf
a=umbufu toHvm&modk@ vSrf;=unfhonf?
vufjyE_wfqufonf? xdk@aemuf +cHpnf;±dk;wGif
&yfaeaom ajr;tzGm;&S&d mod@k wvSr;f csi;f vSr;f oGm;
onf? vrf;w0ufwiG f tusO;f axmif apmihyf v k yd u
f “tJ'Dtb wckckjzpfoGm;w,f qdk&if
tbudkvSrf;+yD; trdef@ay; wm;jrpfonf?
“wm;vdk@r&&if ypf&vdrfhr,f æ a&SŒ
rwdk;ygeJ@ ”
ykvdyf. trdef@udk =um;&onfhaemuf
wGif v,form;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf tbpdef
.aemufrS wvSr;f csi;f vSr;f um vdu
k v f mcJ=h uonf?
tbu ajr;tzGm;xH qufav#muf&if; a&mufvm
cJh=uonf? ajcwvSrf;rqkwfcJh?
“tzdk;}uD; usKyfa[m'D +cHpnf;±dk;rSm
tpmiwfcH qENjy+yD;aeoGm;r,f æ tzdk;}uD;
rvGwfrcsif; v,form;awGukd rv$wfrcsif; usKyf
a[m'DrSm aeoGm;r,f æ tdrfrjyefbl; æ ao&if
aoayhap æ”
tzGm;u a'gotufujJG zihf ol@tzd;k }u;D
OD;pdefudk vSrf;ajymonf? tzGm; vufarmif;ukd
zufuidk x f m;onfh oif;jrvuf acsmif;awGrmS vnf;
v_yfcgvmavonf? v,form; rdom;pkrsm;ESihf
vlxky&dwfowfrSm tcsKyftaESmifcH oHql;óud;
teD;odk@ 0Hh&Jwdk;uyfvmcJh=uonf? wckckjzpfvm
avrvm;? wckckjzpfvmawmhrnfh t&dyfa&mif
twdwfedrdwfrsm;avvm;? ajr;tzGm;udk wajz;
ajz;0dkif;tHkxm;=u/ ar;=u/ jref;=u/ tm;ay;=u/
tzGm;ajymwmukd *±kwpdkuf em;axmif=u/ tb
bmrsm;ajymrvJ qdkif;iHh em;pGifh aecJh=uonf?
“tar}uD ; &,f &G m ud k j yef y guG m æ
usef;rma&;ukd*±kpdkufapcsifw,fæ igwkd@ touf
&Sifae&tHk;rSm æ aovdk@ rjzpfao;bl; æ 'DrSmu
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
vkyfp&mawG &Sdao;w,f æ ajr;awG/ om;awG/
orD;awGudk ðypkapmifah &Smuf &tH;k r,f r[kwv f m;
æ tdrfrSm tar}uD;r&Sdvdk@rjzpfbl; æ rvpf[m
aphcsifbl; æ tdrfukdyJjyefyg æ”
pum;qH;k atmifyif rajymvdu k &f ? ajym
cGirhf &vdu k af wmh? ykvyd af wGu tbudk qGaJ c:vm
awmhonf?
awmh rif;wdk@ykvdyfaum ykvdyf±Hk;cef;yg jymus
oGm;+yDom rSwfayawmh? v,form;ausmay:
ppfzdeyfeJ@ wcsufuefwdkif; rif;wkd@tm%m&SifawG
romwGi;f xJ ajcwvSr;f u|0H ifomG ;+yo D m rSwaf y
awmh”
“[kwfw,f æ [kwfw,f ”
“tzdk;}uD æ usKyf'Duae wz0g;rS
rcGmbl; æ tzdk;}uD;eJ@twl usKyf&Sdaer,f æ
v,form;awGe@J twl&adS er,f æ a[m'D +cHpnf;
±dk;rSm &Sdaer,f æ ”
tzGm;u usw d If ±_u
d u
f mido
k nf? tb
u toufajcmufq,fhig;ESpf? ykvdyfawG vufxJ
rSm tbu weJ@e@J ygomG ;onfudk tzGm;u =unfh
um oem;a=uuGJpGm idkcsjcif;jzpfonf? usKyftzdk;
}uD;rSm bmrS tjypfr&Sdygbl;awmf? a&$r&Sd/ aiGr&Sd
qif;&JraJG wvd@k wm0efauspyg; ray;oGi;f Ekid v f @kd yg
awmf? touf}uD;umrS 'kwd,t}udrf axmifxJ
xyfa&muf&w,fawmfh? tzdk;}uD&,f oem;vdkuf
ygayhu, G ?f ae0if;ppfacG; zufqpf vufxrJ mS vnf;
cH&? axmifxJa&mufcJh? usKyftzdk;}uD;ukd csufcsif;
v$wfay;yg? v,form;awGukd v$wfay;ygqdk+yD;
tzGm;u wvHk;csif; a&&Gwf ajymcJhonf?
“tbudk csufcsif;v$wfyg? v$wfay;
&r,f æ tbrSm aoG;wdk;a&m*g&Sdw,f æ ESvHk;
a&m*gvJ&Sdw,f æ tbaooGm;&if usrwdk@b0
awG xyf+yD;ysufpD;oGm;awmhr,f æ tbudk
v$wfay;=uyg ”
117
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

tysKdaygufr oif;jru tzGm;ukd zuf wm[k w&m;jyonf? vl@aoG;xJrmS "m;jyjzpfapwJh

ayG@xm;v#uu f idak ºuG;atmf[pfonf? awmif;qdk aoG; wpufrS rygvmcJhbl;? arG;&myg "m;jyaoG;
onf? oif;jrrsuEf mS ay:wGif aoG;a&mifawG csucf si;f qdw
k m vl@avmurSm r&Sb
d ;l uG@J [k tbuajymonf?
v$rf;oGm;onf? ajr;tzGm;. idkaºuG;±_dufidkoH xdkyxrnu tbudk omcif xkdifI OD;nGwf
awGu y&dwfowfvlxk&ifudk qdk@eifhapcJhonf? uefawmh cJah vonf?
v_yfEdk;avonf? yifv,fv_dif;uJodk@ ºuGwuf Ñ Ñ Ñ
jrifharmuf vmapcJhonf?
“v,f o rm;awG u d k v$ w f a y;yg æ tbrSm tcsKyfcef;xJodk@ ,ck xyfrH
v,form;tcGit hf a&; csucf si;f ay; æ ppftm%m 0ifa&mufvmcJhpOf avSmifydwfrGef;=uyf/ touf&SL
&Sifpepf zsufodrf;ypf? ” r0jzpfvmojzifh tbudk az;rðypkonf? c%
wa,mufu nmoHay;um pvdkuf =umonht f cg tusO;f axmifow H ikd =f um;rS uke;f I
onft h cg vlxu k nmoHjzifh [pfaºu;G vdu k o
f nf? [pfavawmhonf?
±kwfw&wf aygufuGJ oGm;=ujcif;jzpfonf? wcsdef “ig "m;jyAdkvfyJæ ighrSm axmiftjyif
xJwGif tbOD;pdefukd ykvdyfu qGJvGJac:vm+yD; wef;r&Sdbl;a[h? aus;Zl;&Sifv,form;awGeJ@ igh
tcsKyfcef;xJjyefxnfhonf? nuuJhodk@ tbukd tbudk apmfum;wJhaumifawG igeJ@awG@r,f æ
tcsKyfcef;xJ jyefxnfhjcif;jzpfonf? rif;wd@k yv k yd af wGaum/ tm%mvk,x l m;wJh aumif
vG e f c J h o nh f n u tcsKyf o m;awG u k d awGaum owdomxm;ayawmh æ”
tbu EkdifiHa&;w&m;a[monf? ppftm%m&Sif a'gorD;awmufjzifh used ;f 0g;aepOf tcsKyf
pepfatmufu tzdESdyfcH vlxkb0ukd rD;armif; cef;. tjyifbufwiG f aoewfow H csuf xGuaf y:
xd;k jyonf/? +yD;awmh igw@kd wwdik ;f jynfv;kH pnf;vH;k vmonf? tcsKyaf xmifudk yJw h ifxyf oGm;aponhf
nDnGwfr_udk wnfaqmuf+yD; 1300 jynhfESifh 88 ykvyd . f aoewfo?H twGv J u
kd pf yd If xGuv f monf?
uJhodk@ ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wck vkyf&rnf? 'Dwcg “v,form;awGukd csufcsif;v$wfay;?
vlxt k pd;k &ukd rjzpfrae xlaxmif&rnf[k qdo k nf? tm%modr;f "m;jyawG usq;kH ygap æ usq;kH ygap”
tcsKyfom;rsm;rSm =uyfn‡yf touf&SLr0onhf awmif;qd[k pfaºuG;oHu aoewfou H kd
tusO;f om;b0ukd arhxm;ypf=u? Ed;k =um;wufºuG qufvuf vGrf;rdk;aecJhonf? wcsKd@vlxkrSm ±kwf
aecJ=h uonf? aoewfppfwyfe@J tm%modr;f awmh ±kwo f o J J jzpfomG ;=uonf? wd;k wku d rf o d jzihf ,dr;f
tpdk;&awmh jzpfvmrSmr[kwfbl;? "m;jyyJjzpfr,f ,dik òf yvd rJ wwf jzpfomG ;onf? ajr;ruav; oif;jr
[k tbu ajymaomtcg “[kwfw,f æ tb u id&k if; [pfaºuG;&if; tarmqd@k aeaom tzGm;ukd
ajymwm [kwfw,f” [k [pfaºuG;vdkuf=uonf? zufayG@xm;onf? tzGm;uvnf; vJòyrd usap&ef/
abmv,f u |ef ; buf r S "m;jyacgif ; rwfrwf&yfEkdif&ef óud;pm;&if; v,form;awGukd
aqmifomcifu tbudk av;pm;=unfndKum csufcsif;v$wfay;qdkwm [pfaºuG;aevsuf? ?
tbudk ykqdk;jzihf,yfcyfay;onf? wnvHk; tb
ukdðypkonf? tbu "m;jyacgif;aqmifukd vlr_ ÒÒÒ
pepfqdk;a=umihf rif;wdk@[m om;aumif jzpf&wm? ZGef / 14 / 2007
rif;u a[m'Dpepfu wGef;ydk@vdk@ "m;jy jzpfvmcJh& opPmtrSwf(15)/ Edkf0ifbmv/ 2007
118
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

ol&aJ umif;\ n
1
ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wck +yD;qHk;oGm;wdkif; ol&Jaumif; aoG;uGufrsm;um; ajrjyifwGif pGef;xif;
usefcJhonf? ordkif; rSwfwrf;wGifvnf; ol&Jaumif;pm&if;rsm; wdk;yGm;vmcJhonf? 2007 =o*kwf -
pufwifbm awmfveS rf o _ nf xdak oG;uGuEf iS hf ol&aJ umif;wd@k emrnfrsm; a&;xk;d rSww f rf;wif&m ta&;
awmfyHk}uD; jzpfvmcJhonf?
zufqpfppftkyfpk. &efòyzdESdyfr_atmufwGif qHk;±_H;aeaom pD;yGm;a&;/ EdkifiHa&;/ 'Drdkua&pD
tcGifhta&;rsm;udk awmif;qdkaeaomvlxktm; acsr_ef; owfjzwfypfaecJhonf? vlxkuvnf; xdkodk@
zdESdyftEdkifusifhvmojzifh xyfI wdkufyGJ0ifvm&onf? zdESdyfr_jyif;xefav wdkufyGJ0if&av? wdkufyGJ0if
&avav/ zdESdyfaomppftkyfpku acsr_ef;ypfcwfavav? zufqpf ppftkyfpk vufudkifwkwf ppfwyfwGif
vlxkudk ypfowfcGifhay;xm;onf? vufudkifwkwf }uHzGwfwdk@wGifvnf; vlxkudk ±dkufowfcGifh &xm;=u
onf? vlowfcGifhvdkifpif &xm;=uonf? ppftkyfpku xkdodk@ vlowfvdkifpifrsm; ay;xm;cJhonf?
vufeufrJhvlxku &efolvGwfuif;&modk@ xGufajy;=uonf? 0dkif;ywf acsr_ef;jcif; cH&aom
vlxrk mS ajy;IrvGwaf wmh? wcsK@d rmS acgi;f ay:vufajr‡muf+yD; xdik cf sum t±du k cf v
H ukd =f uonf? wcsK@d rmS
acgif;ay:vuf,Sufrdk;+yD; vrf;ray:wGifxdkifcsum ppfzdeyfjzifh tuefcHvdkuf=uonf? wcsKd@rSm eHygwf
wkwjf zifh txyfxyf±u kd of nfukd ausmaumhIcH=u&onf? vlxw k u
dk yf x
JG wJ iG f usn'f %f&mjzifh yufyuf
pufpuf usq;kH oGm;? axmifxrJ mS vnf; '%f&mtxyfxyfjzifh usq;kH cJ?h wcsK@d &&mwkw/f &&m tkwcf u J sK;d /
&&mcJv;kH jzifh jyefvnfcck aH wmfveS =f uonf? arwWmokwx f uf tkwcf u J sK;d u (vlxw k u dk yf x
JG rJ S ppfajrjyif
wGif) ydkI tusKd;&Sdxdcdkufa=umif; wdkufyGJ0ifoydwfwyfom; OD;yO…if;rsm;ESifh ausmif;om;vli,fwdk@u
od&SdcJh=uonf? wu,fhvufawG@wGif Todk@tm;jzifh awmfvSefonfhpdwf"mwfudk uGif;uGif;uGufuGuf
azmfjyEkdifcJhonf? zdESdyfacsr_ef;a&; &efol@ajcvSrf;udk tkwfcJusKd;u wkH@qdkif;apcJhonf? &yfwef@apcJhonf?
yckuULwGif vrf;av#muf arwWmydk@=uukefaom oHCmawmft&Sifjrwfwdk@udk óud;uGif;pGyf
zrf;qD;/ "mwfwdkifwGif csnfwkyfyg;±dkuf/ aoewf'ifESifhxkESuf/ ppfzdeyfESifhaqmifhuefcJhonf? xdkodk@
ppfwyfykvdyfvufeuf tiftm;ESifh acsr_ef;cH&+yD;onfhaemuf e,fajr}uHŒzGwfESifh ppftkyfpk acgif;aqmif
wdk@. um;av;pif;udk oHCmwdk@u rD;±d_@jymcsvdkuf=uonf? ckcHa&;vufeuf t&if;tjrpfjzpfonfh
rD;udk arwWmokwfae&mwGif tpm;xdk;um toHk;òyvdkuf=uonf? awmfvSefr_wGif rD;onf vufeuf
ud&d,m jzpfvmcJhonf? awmfvSefa&;pdwf"mwfudk jyo&m jy,k*fjzpfvmcJhonf?
acG;uwuf(acG;ckefwuf) opPmazmufavmufaumif wifarmifoef;(oifhb0r*~Zif; t,f'D
wma[mif;)u tm&ftufzfat a&'D,dkawG@qHkcef;rSaeI‘a[mif’avonf? yckuUL oHCmawmfwdk@.
&efol@ um;av;pD;udk rD;±_d@jymcsr_udk rSm;,Gif;a=umif;/ t=urf;zufwmrSm;a=umif; acgif;iHk@rcHwm
rSm;a=umif;/ &efoludk &efol[lI oabmxm;jcif;onf rSm;a=umif; xdk;a[mifavonf? tEkdifusifh
119
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

zdESdyfr_rSefor#udk vlwdkif;wGif ckcHcGifh&Sdojzifh ckcHwkH@jyefr_wdkif;onf w&m;r#wonf æ qdkaom opPm

w&m;udk xdkuJhokd@ ajAmiftusqHk; zHk;uG,fvdkufjcif;jzpfonf?
yckuLU oHCmawmf t&Sijf rwfw@kd u xyfraH zmfxw k jf yocJo
h nfh ckcaH wmfveS rf _ rD;±l;wefaqmif
onf pufwifbm vlowfuGif;wGif tvif;a&mifjzpfcJhonf? &efol. owfjzwfacsr_ef;vmr_udk &&m
tkwfcJusKd;/ vrf;ab;cJvHk;/ *sifuvdwdk@jzifh ckcHwdkufcdkufcJh=uonf? zufqpftkyfpku aoewfjzifh ypfcwf
ypfowfacsr_ef;r_jzifhE_dif;v#if jrifhrdk&fawmifESifh ZD;aphjzpfaecJhonf? wu,fu atmfwkd±dkifz,fESifh owf
jzwfonfudk vlxku atmfwdkaoewfjzifh jyefvnfckcHacsr_ef;rSom wef&musayonf? r#vnf; r#wrSm
jzpfonf? ,ckvufeufcsif;rr#ojzifh rwefr&mjzpfoGm;onf? ±lyaA'oabmt& zdESdyftm;ESifh wGef;
uefckcHtm;onf rr#wayawmh?
odk@aomf rr#rw/ rwefr&mvufeufjzifh jyefvnfckcHwkef@jyefr_onfum; ydkIrGefjrwf/ ydkI
r#wayonf? vufeufcsif;wlrS ckcHawmfvSefrnfavm? vufeufcsif;rwlI taocHawmhrnfavm?
xdktajctaexd apmifhqdkif;raeyJ &&mvufeufjzifh rdrdtouf/ rdrdvlxk/ rdrdtzdESdyfcH vlwef;pm;udk
umuG,fojzifh vufeuftiftm;wlrS ckcHonfhpdwf"mwfxufyif ydkI awmufyòyd;jyufum vSyaeav
awmhonf?
2007 pufwifbm vlowfuiG ;f rsm;wGif &&mvufeufjzifh ckcaH wmfveS cf =hJ uonfh tmZmenf
ol&Jaumif;wdk@. ZGJ/ pdwf"mwf/ owWdudk awG@&Sdzrf;qkyfrdaomtcg “oufwifrsKd;” udk ajy;I owd&
avonf? vGefcJhonfhq,fhudk;ESpf/ 1988 ta&;awmfyHk}uD;wGif toufay;ckcHcJhonfh oufwifrsdK;.
pdwf"mwfudk vG,fydk;cJhor# ,cktcg pdwftm±kHwGif wzsyfzsyf jyefawG@jrifae& avonf?
xkdta&;awmf}uD;wGif òrdŒe,f zdESdyftkyfcsKyfa&; aumifpD±kH;wcsKd@udk vlxku rD;±d_@ypfvdkuf
=uonf? "mwfaiG@rD;jcpfESifh opfom;rD;jcpfuav;onf o,faqmif&mwGif ayghyg;oavmuf/ zdESdyfr_
tkyfcsKyfa&;,E W&m;±Hk;rsm;/ ,E W&m; taqmuftOD;rsm;udk rD;wif±d_@&mwGif xda&mufvGef;vSonf?
pepfa[mif;udk xdkodk@yif rD;wdkufjymcsypfvdkufavonf? 'guw&m;w,f? Oya'yJ? &&mvufeufjzifh
wkef@jyefckcHor# rSefuefa=umif; EkdifiHa&;Oya'rsm;uyif jyXmef;cJh+yD; jzpfonfr[kwfvm;?
vlxt k oD;oD;u tvDvt D vmvm rvSry taocH acgi;f iH@k ccH &hJ +yD;onfah emuf oufwifrsK;d
ESifh olwdk@ vli,fwpkonf ae0if;zufqpfppftkyfpk. zdESdyfowfjzwfr_udk rnfodk@ckcH&rnfudk enf;vrf;
&SmazGcJh=uonf? oufwifrsKd;wdk@onf “rD;”udk&SmazGcJh=uavonf? urBmOD;vlom;wdk@. ,Ofaus;r_udk
wdk;wufzGH@òzd;apcJhonf@ rD;udk oufwifrsKd;wkd@vli,fwodkuf awG@&SdcJh=uonf? zdESdyfr_ taqmuftOD;
aumifpD±kH;udk jymcscJhpOfu olwdk@vufxJurD;onf tpGrf;xufa=umif; awG@&SdcJh+yD;jzpfonf? xdkuJhodk@
aom ol&Jaumif;vli,fawGu oufwifrsKd;udk xm0&trSwf&aecJhavonf?
,ckwc%Y ol&Jaumif;oufwifrsKd;ukd usaemfhpdwftawG;wGif jyefvnfjrifa,mifum
OD;n$wfaerdavonf?

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120
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

oufwifrsKd;&Sdonhfae&mukd usaemfu uwdkufu±dkuf xGufvmcJhonhftcsdefwGif tarSmif

xku odrf;ykdufp òyaecJhavonf?
vrf;r}uD;ab;wGi&f adS om rif;rif;tdraf &S@rmS yif wdu k yf jJG zpfymG ;cJo
h nf? xdwk u
kd yf w
JG iG f oufwif
rsKd;. aemufausmcg;pyfudk aoewfusnf xdrSefcJhjcif;jzpfonf? xdk@aemuf ppfaxmufvSrf;a&; u
teH@cH vdkufvmrSmpdk;ojzifh v#Kd@0Suf ajc&mazsmufxm;Ekdifrnfh tdrfwtdrfodk@ oufwifrsKd;ukd ajymif;a&G@
o,f,lvmcJh=uonf[k usaemfhukdvmac:onfh rif;rif;(jrrif;)uajymonf? vlxku tm;aumif;ae
onf? tay:pD;&aeojzihf &efolu ±_H;rJ rJaeonfhumv? vlxktiftm;u }uD;rm;aeonf? vlxk
wkdufyGJrsm;/ oydwfwkdufyGJrsm;ukd acsr_ef;owfjzwfr_rsm;rSm qufvuf&SdaeqJ? xdka=umihf t&m&mukd
pdwfcs,Hk=unfIr&?
tarSmifxk uef@vef@umu ajyuspðyaeojzifh nDtudkrodwodtcsdef/ rdwfaqGvm; &efol
vm; roJuGJawmh? aemufausmbufwGif uyfygvmEkdifrnfht&dyfukd tuJcwf&if; vdkufvmcJhonf?
&ifxJwGif rGef;=uyfpðyvmonf? nrxGuf& ppfrdef@xkwfxm;+yD;om;? vrf;ray:wGif wcgw&H ppfum;
rsm;ukd awG@Ekdifonf? ppfum;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkifawG@Ekdifaom vrf;rsm;ukda&Smifwdrf;um &yfuGufxJrS vrf;
oG,/f vrf;usO;f rsm;twdik ;f tajy; av#mufvrS ;f vmcJ=h uonf? usaemh&f ifonf pufcvkyEf ydS x f m;aom
puf±kyfuJhodk@ w'def;'def; ckefjrnfaeavonf? rif;rif;vnf; usaemfhuJhodk@yif &ifckefaernfvm;rod?
touf&Sifoefap&ef oufwifrsKd;ukd rnfodk@ aq;0g;ukoay;v#if aumif;rnfenf;? vrf;
wav#mufvHk; xdktcsufukdyJ xyfzefwvJvJ pOf;pm;vmcJhonf? aq;±Hkukdac:oGm;I rjzpfEkdif? wkdufyGJ
umvwGif aq;±Hkonf usm;ygpyfjzpfaeonf? aq;±Hka&mufonfESihf ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;u aoewf
'%f&m&xm;ol oufwifrsK;d ukd vufxw d cf wfrmS jzpfonf? ajcusi;f cwfrmS jzpfonf? +yD;v#if q&m0ef/
q&mrawGukd aq;0g;ruko&ef wm;jrpfrSmjzpfonf? TuJhodk@ oufwifrsKd;onf tusOf;axmifESifh
rjcm;aom aq;±HkrSmyif touf0d^mOfaºuG&rSmjzpfonf? ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;. oabmxm;ukd od&Sd
xm;cJh=u+yD;jzpfojzifh aq;±Hkodk@ydk@&ef rvdkawmh?
'gjzifhjyifyaq;cef;wGif q&m0efESifh ukocGihf&Ekdifrnfvm;? em;vnfr_,l+yD; q&m0efESifh
uko&vdrfhrnf? q&m0efukd tjrefqHk;&SmazG&rSm?
&efcek of rH sm; jrefqefveG ;f ouJo
h @kd tawG;uvnf; pdwu f ;l rsm;ESit
hf wl v#ijf refpmG ul;ajymif;
oGm;aecJhavonf? rif;rif;eHab;odk@ wdk;uyfoGm;+yD; toHtkyfI ar;rdaeavonf?
“rif;rif;wkd@ b,fvdk pDpOfxm;=uovJæ oufwifrsKd;ukd aq;cef;ac:oGm;+yD; q&m0efeJ@ ukrS
jzpfrSmuG”
“&yfuGufxJu oydwfaumfrwD vl}uD;awGa&mufvm=u+yD; pDpOfae=u+yDq&m æ oufwif
rsKd;u q&mhukdoGm;ac:ay;yg æ q&meJ@awG@yg&apqdk+yD; wzGzGajymaevdk@ vmac:wm? ol@tarvJ
a&mufae+yD æ usrom;ukd u,fygt;kH qd+k y;D awG@wv hJ u
l dk awmif;yef aeawmhwmaygq h &m&,f ”
“rif;uawmh vGwfoGm;w,faygh[kwfvm; æ usefwJh rif;wdk@oli,fcsif;awGaum tzrf;
cH=u&ao;vm;”
121
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

“usaemfaum oli,fcsi;f awGyg vGwo f mG ;=uw,fæ olu a&SŒqH;k uae OD;aqmif+yD; wku d w f hJ
vlqdkawmh ol@ukdrJ+yD; ypfcwf=uw,f æ olwa,mufwnf; usnfqHxdrSefcJhwm”
rif;rif;u usaemhftdrfukd tajy;tv$m; a&mufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? tdrftjyef aemufus
aecJoh jzifh usaemfEiS fh vGo
J mG ;cJo h nf? 'kw,
d t}udrf vmac:pOf rif;rif;eJ@ awG@&jcif;jzpfonf? usaemfu h kd
awG@pOf rif;rif;uajymjyxm;cJhojzihf olwdk@wdkufyGJukd usaemf ajc&maumufrdoGm;onf?
88 ta&;awmfyHk}uD; ppjcif; oydwfwdkufyGJxJwGif oufwifrsKd;ESihf rif;rif;wdk@ vli,fwpk
yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJhonf? 8 &ufae@nuyJ òrdŒawmfcef;ra&SŒwGif zufqpfwyfuacsr_ef;ojzifh olwdk@.
cspfoli,fcsif;armifarmifESifh rat;eENmwdk@rSm usqHk;onhfvli,fawGxJ ygoGm;=uonf? 'kwd,ae@
csDwufwdkufyGJxJwGif tcspfqHk;oli,fcsif; rdk;vGifusqHk;cJhjyefonf? aemufawmh zufqpfwyfu ypfcwf
owfjzwfr_udk b,fvdkwkH@jyef=urvJ? olwdk@ tpnf;ta0;xkdif=uonf? vufeufjzifhom wkH@jyef
&rnf[k oabmxm;usvmcJhonf? olwdk@toufawGu 14 - 15 ? Eke,fwufºuGaom vli,fawG?
rcHcsifawmh? rcHEkdifvGef;ojzifh aemufqHk;awmh ykvif;wvHk;xJ cJxnfh/ oJxnfh/ a&eHqD "gwfqDxnhf/
peufwHrD;pmwwf/ rD;n‡d/ rD;ul;um ppfum;ay: ypfwifonhftqifhodk@ a&mufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
ckcHa&;twGuf vufeuf wDxGifvmcJh=uaomfvnf; ,rf;bDvl;ukd toHk;cswwfzdk@a0;I jrifawmif
rjrifbl;cJh?
taocH+yD; vufvkyfa&eHAHk;ukd azmufcGJrnfh ol&Jaumif;ukd;OD;u &Sd+yD;om;? oufwifrsKd;ESihf
rif;rif;wkd@u yGJOD;xGuf pGef@pm;wkdufckduf&ef wm0ef usa&mufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? vGefcJhonfh em&D
tenf;i,ftwGi;f u vlxt k ºkH uGqef@usirf u
_ kd vma&mufzEd ydS w
f u
dk cf u
kd o
f nfh ppfum;ay:od@k a&eHyvk if;
AHk; ypfwifcJhpOf zufqpfwyfom;rsm;u jyefvnfypfcwfcJhjcif;jzpfonf? rif;rif;u opfyif. tum
tuG,fjzihf vGwfoGm;onf? oufwifrsKd;rSm auG@0kdufa&Smifwdrf;ajy;/ +cHpnf;±dk; yef;yifòcHykwfuav;
rsm;ukd a&Smifwdrf;ajy;/ +cHpnf;±dk; yef;yif+cHKykwfuav;rsm;ukd ckefausmfajy;aomfvnf; rvGwfawmh?
ausmESihfwifyg;t=um; cg;wGif aoewfusnfqH xdrSefcJhjcif;jzpfonf?

ÑÑÑ

oufwifrsK;d rSm usaemfimS ;&rf;aexkid o

f nft
h rd Ef iS fh uyfvsuo f m;tdrw
f iG f aexdik o
f nf? olw@dk
u om;trdoHk;a,muf? ratjzpfol a':vSa&$u rkqdk;r? q,fhESpfESpft&G,f orD;av;u rlvwef;
ausmif;ol? oufwifrsKd;u touf 15 ESpf? òrdŒxJ&Sd yef;qdk;wef;ukefwkdufwGif ratESihftwl wef;pD+yD;
ukefypPnf;0,f/ jyefa&mif;+yD; &&SdonfhaiGjzifh ae@pOf toufarG;cJh=ujcif;jzpfonf? ukefwdkufydwfcsdefwGif
ratutdrfjyefonf? oufwifrsKd;u tdrfrjyefEkdifao;yJ nbufvlpnfum;&m AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
vrf; yvufazmif;ay:wGif pmtkyt f a[mif;a&mif;onf? 0wˆKa[mif;/ umwGe;f pmtkyaf [mif;/ Ekid if aH &;
pmtkyf/ pmay,Ofaus;r_qdkif&m pmtkyftrsKd;rsKd;? jrLeDpyg,f *VKHtzGJ@u zrf;rdoGm;onhftcgwGif
qHk;±H_;r_rsm;rSm }uD;rm;onf? xkdtcgykdI evHrxlEkdifatmif jzpfoGm;&jyefonf? w&m;±Hk;u csonfh
aiG'%f/ *VKHawGu odr;f óuH;aumuf,o l mG ;onhf pmtkyf wefb;kd / qH;k ±_;H r_'%fu oufwifrsK;d .OD;acgi;f udk
xdrSefavonf?
122
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

vGefcJhonfhESpfu &Spfwef;ausmif;om;b0wGif oufwifrsKd;ESifh &if;ESD;u|rf;0ifcGifh&cJhonf?

ol. ausmif;pmtcuftcJrsm;ukd usaemfu &Sif;jyay;onf? oabmw&m;rsm;ukd xkwfE_wf jyoay;
&onf? t*Fvdyfpm/ ocFsmbmom&yfomruawmh jrefrmpmESihf orkdif;bmom&yfudkyg aqG;aEG;ay;&
onf? olausmif;qufrwufEkdifawmhyJ ausmif;xGufcJh&aomtcg tm;ri,fzdk@/ ausmif;ynmukd
wu,f wwfcsifonfqdkv#if ausmif;rwufyJ qufavhvmoGm;vdk@&a=umif; tm;ay;cJhonfrSmvJ
usaemfyJ jzpfonf? bGJ@vufrSwfu b0ukdtmrcHcsufray;bl;? bGJ@vufrSwfqdkwm rSefabmifxJ xnfh
xm;zdk@avmufyJ toHk;usonf[k usaemfuajymjyonf? bGJ@&zdk@xuf pm;0wfaea&;twGuf ukd,fh
ajcaxmufay: udk,f&yfwnfEkdifatmifóud;pm;zdk@/ pmzwfzdk@/ ynmqdkwm ausmif;rSmrSr[kwf/ tdrfrSm/
vrf;ay:rSm/ pm=unfhwdkufrSm/ b0xJrSm/ vl@avmu yvufazmif;ay:rSm avhvmqnf;yl; &,lEkdif
a=umif; usaemfu tm;ay;onf? txl;ojzifh ,ae@qdkufa&mufaeaom EdkifiHa&;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;b0ESihf
rdom;pkb0awGukd qufpyfay;cJhonf?
aemufawmh usaemfaexdkif&m tdrfcef;onf ol.pm=unhfwdkuf? ol.aysmfarG@&m &dyfom
wckjzpfvmcJhonf? pm;tdrf/ aomuftdrf jzpfvmonf? usaemfh ukd,fykdifpm=unfhwdkufwGif ol@xHrS
0,f,ltm;ay;aom pmtkyfawGu rsm;vmonf? nDrav; ausmif;pm;&dwfr&Sdvdk@/ qefzdk;r&Sdvdk@/ tdrf
vcay;zdk@ aiGvdkaevdk@ æ ponfjzifh usaemfxH ol@pmtkyfawG o,fvmcJhonf? q&mvkyfygtHk;/ q&m
0,fygtHk;/ tm;ay;ygtHk;[lI usaemfhxH tultnDawmif;cHvmcJhonf? usaemfu wwfpGrf;or#
tvDvD tvmvm 0,f,lay;cJh&onf? wcgw&H pmayta=umif;/ EkdifiHa&;ta=umif; oleJ@usaemf
aqG;aEG;aomtcg ol@xHrS 0,f,lcJhaom pmtkyfrsm;xJrS ta=umif;t&mrsm;ukd aumufukdifjyum
aqG;aEG;onfhtcg ol@rSm òyH;&Gif=unhfvJhaeavonf? ol@xHrS 0,f,lcJhonhfpmtkyfu wefzdk;&Sdyguvm;
[laom cHpm;csujf zihf awmufyaewwfonf? aemufawmh yvufazmif;ay:wGif pmtkyt f a&mif;orm;
oufwifrsKd;onf pmzwf&rSmygvm;qdkwm odvmum zwf±_cJhonf? yxrwkef;u pmtkyfukd qefzdk;/
qDzdk;twGuf a&mif;ukefypPnf;tjzpfom oabmayguf em;vnfxm;onf r[kwfvm;?
ole@J usaemf cifrif&if;csmcJah vonf? olw@kd ro
d m;pk oH;k a,mufEiS fh aqGrsK;d ozG,jf zpfomG ;onf?
tdrfx&H eH&HESihf +cHpnf;±dk; um&Hjcm;xm;aomfvnf;/ rkefwdkif;xefaom b0c&D;rsm;xJwGif vufwGJazmf
vufwGJzufrsm;/ opPm&Sdaom rdwfaqGrsm; jzpfvmcJhonf?

ÑÑÑ

ta&;awmfyHkumvwGif oleJ@usaemf tcsdwftqufrrdbJ uGif;qufjywfoGm;cJh=uonf?

oufwifrsKd;onf wcsKd@nrsm;Y tdrfukdjyefa&mufcJhyHkr&? usaemfvnf; wcsKd@nrsm;wGif rdwfaqG&Jabmf
rsm;tdrfwGif tdrfrjyefEkdifyJ ydwfrdaewwfonf? q&mor*~/ ausmif;om;or*~ vkyfief;rsm;xJwGif
epfaeojzifh oufwifrsK;d ESifh rawG@Eikd af wmh? usaemfuh dk oljrifvkd awG@vo
kd nft
h csed w
f iG f olu ol&aJ umif;
wOD; jzpfaecJhav+yD? aoewfusnfqH'%f&mjzihf usaemfhukd apmihfar#mfaecJhjcif;jzpfonf?
“oufwif oufwif æ rif;awG@csiw f hJ q&mOD;atmifwifh a&mufvm+yD? c%pum;ajym+yD;&if
[dkbuf&yfuGufu aq;cef;ukd oGm;uk=urSmjzpfw,f æ igajymwm =um;w,fr[kwfvm;oufwif”
123
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

rif;rif;u ol@&JabmfoufwifrsKd; rsufESmay:odk@iHk@um toHudktkyfIajymonf? oufwifrsKd;

u tm;,l+yD; rsufvHk;zGifh=unfhonf? xdk@aemuf emusifaomtòyH;u E_wfcrf;axmifhwGif v_yfcwf
oGm;onf? usaemfu ol@vufukd cyfwif;wif; qkyfxm;vdkufonf?
“igwdk@tm;vHk; rif;ab;rSm&Sdae=u+yD/ c%=umvdk@ tqifoihfjzpf&if aq;cef;oGm;=urSm
jzpfw,f æ q&m0efe@J awG@&awmhrmS jzpfw,f æ rif;'%f&m[m tjrefq;kH aysmufuif;oGm&r,fumG æ
vlxkwdkufyGJawGxJrSm rif;jyef+yD; yg0ifvm&r,f æ 'gyJuGm ”
usaemfu pdwfukdxdef;xm;um ajym&onf? &ifqdk@ae+yD? pdwfu ylxlxdyfjymoGm;onf?
ol@ukd=unfhvdkuf jrifvdkufonfESifh tajctaeraumif;rSef; usaemfodvdkuf+yD? ol@cE<mukd,fxJrS aoG;
awGu tb,fr# oGefxGuf pD;qif;aecJhonfukd cef@rSef;I&onf? a&m*gydk;u '%f&mrSwqifh udk,fcE<m
wGi;f od@k 0ifaecJah v+yD? usaemfu ol@rsuEf mS ay:iH@k uyfcg tm;wif;ay;onf? rif;uol&aJ umif;yJ/ pdwu f dk
av#mhrypfvdkufeJ@ quf+yD;tm;wif;xm;uGm æ [k xyfIajymonf?
“q&m æ usaemfph w d uf rm+yD;om;yJq&m? tqd;k qH;k ukd óudwifwu G xf m;+yD;om;yg? wGu+f yD;rS
toufay;&wJhtvkyfudk vkyfwmyg q&m”
ol@toHrSm wdk;oJhaeav+yD? ol@pdwfu rma=umoefrmaomfvnf; tm;wif;oefpGrf;aom
pdwfudk toHu vkdufI rrSDawmhygvm;?
“'%f&mu pum;ajym&if ykd+yD;emaevdrfhr,f æ pum;rajymygeJ@uGm”
“'%f&mu emwmr[kwb f ;l q&m? pdwx f u
J emoGm;wm æ &efou l dk usaemfw@kd ckcw
H u dk cf ukd f
wm raorjcm jzpfoGm;awmh æ usqHk;oGm;&wJh usaemfholi,fcsif;awGtwGuf/ ausmif;om;awG/
vlxkawGtwGuf æ towfcHcJh&wJh vlxkawGtwGuf usaemfbmrS xdxda&mufa&muf jyefrwdkuf
EkdifcJhbl;? tJ'gukdyJ pdwfxJrSmemoGm;wm æ emusnf;aewm”
aoG;±l;aoG;wef;jzpfum ta,mifa,miftrSm;rSm;jzifh ajymaewmr[kwrf eS ;f usaemf odvu kd f
+yD? usaemfeh m;ukyd if r,HEk idk af vmufatmif tH=h ooGm;onf? arS;pif;aeaom rsuv f ;kH awGu ol@cpH m;r_ukd
rjyoEkdifawmh? pum;vHk;awGuom jyoaeonf? wdwfqdwfr_u tyfusoHukdyif =um;Ekdifonf?
olbmxyfajymrvJ 0kdif;tHk em;axmifae=uonf?
“olaoao uk, d af oaowku d =f uwmyJ q&m? 'gwu kd yf yJG ?J tckawmh æ olurao? vlowf
orm;urao/ ckcHoluao? ukd,fao&r,fqdkwm jzpfoGm;w,f? 'DtwGuf pdwfraumif;jzpfrdw,f?
aoewfusnfrSefawmh usaemfemw,fxifovm;q&m æ jrufceJ cHpm;vdkufcJh&w,f? 'DavmufygyJ?
&if0ukdxdrSefvJ emjzpfrSmr[kwfbl;? usnfqefukd ra=umufbl;q&m? vlawGukd owfjzwfaewJh
vlowfaumifawGudk jyef+yD;ckcw H ukd cf u
kd &f r,fv@kd pdwuf dk ykid ;f jzwf+yD;uwnf;u usaemfrh mS a=umufpw d f
r&Sad wmhwmæ usnq f uH v dk nf; ra=umufb;l qdw k m tJ'ga=umifyh ?J xdxad &mufa&muf jyefcck zH @kd usaemfh
oli,fcsif; rif;rif;wkd@ukd ajymcJhcsifw,f æ”
ol odyfarmoGm;yHk&onf? pum;ukd&yfvdkufonf? arS;pif;rsufvHk;tpHkudk ydwf+yD; ol@cE<m
ukd,fukd wcsufvGef@vl;vdkufonf? a=umufpdwf r&Sdawmhonfhtcg usnfqHukd ra=umufbl;qdkonfh
pum;vHk;rSm &ifwGif;odk@a&mufoGm;? pum;vHk;rsm;rSm toHrsm;jzpfoGm;um yJhwifxyfvsuf &ifxJwGif
jrnfaºuG;avonf?
124
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

“'DtjzpftysufawGukd oifcef;pm,l+yD; wpfuae jyefpcsifw,f? tarhukdajymjyay;yg? om;

twGuf ridyk ge@J ? ridyk J *k%,
f v
l u
kd pf rf;ygv@kd ajymjyay;yg? nDrav;a& æ tuk@d udk em;vnfay;ygaemf æ”
aemufq;kH pum;vH;k rsm;rSm oHawG oHcaJ wGrsm; uyfw, G f ygvmcJah vovm;rod? pum;vH;k
rsm;rSm tvGeftrif; a00g;av;vHoGm;av+yD? tarmqdkufvmcJhonf? rsufvHk;rsufcGHudk jyefzGifhzdk@yif
tm;r&Sdawmh? pum;rajymeJ@awmhuGm[k usaemfajymaeqJwGif ol@vufacsmif; at;pufpufrsm;ukd
qkyfxm;qJyif jzpfonf?
wa,mufu b,fvdkvkyf=urvJ/ aq;ukzdk@ pDpOfxm;=uovm;[k toHukdESdrfhI tkyfI
ar;onf? ar;ol.toHrmS wke, f ifaeavonf? wa,mufu uokwu f &ufjzifh wk@H jyef ajymqdo
k nf?
“usaemfwdk@vnf; q&m0efvdkuf&Sm/ um;vdkuf&SmeJ@ =umoGm;w,fAs? 'D=um;xJrSm tarSmif
xJrmS rS v_y&f mS ;vd@k aumif;rSmqdak wmh jrefjrefarSmifygap qkawmif;aewm? ckawmh tm;vH;k tqifajy+yD?
usaemfwdk@ um;pDpOfxm;wm vrf;xdyfrSm um;a&mufae+yD toifhyJ æ aq;cef;u acsmifusawmh
ykdaumif;w,f? q&m0efuvnf; vHkòcHa&; wm0ef,lxm;ay;yg? olaq;ukay;r,fwJh? oufwifu
ol@q&mukd pum;ajymaevdk@ usaemfwdk@ c%apmifhaewm ”
olwkd@u oydwfwyfom;awGjzpfonf? &yfuGuf oydwfaumfrwD0ifawGvnf; jzpfonf?
wcsKd@u &yfuGufukdtvSnfhus umuG,fapmihf=unhfae=uonfh umuG,fa&;wyfom;awG? ta&;
awmfyHkumvwGif &yfuGufrD;±_d@r_/ owfjzwfvk,ufr_/ ppftkyfpku axmifawGukd zGihfay;vkdufojzihf
&mZ0wf tusOf;om;wcsKd@. vk,uf&rf;um;r_wdk@ukd &yfuGufwdkif; pkaygif;umuG,f=uonf? udk,fykdif
vlxktm%mjzifh ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyf=u&onf? xdkumuG,fa&; wyfom;rsm;onf oufwifrsKd;twGuf
v#Kd@0Sufpcef; csxm;onhftdrfodk@ apmapmuwnf;u a&mufvmcJh=ujcif;jzpfonf?
oufwifrsKd;ukd o,f,loGm;&ef vli,fESpfOD;u ayG@csDvdkufpOf æ [if oufwifrsKd;qHk;+yD?
ol@rmS toufr&Sad wmhb;l [k vSr;f ajymvdu k of nf? usaemf awG;xifxm;onht f wkid ;f olusq;kH cJah v+yD?
vlwcsKd@rSm usaemfhuJhodk@yif wkefv_yfoGm;onf? t±kyfóud;jywf jzpfoGm;onf? wufacguf=u? oufjyif;
cs=u? a':vSa&$u usrridkbl;/ ridkawmhygbl;? om;u tarrikd&bl;vdk@ ajymcJhw,fr[kwfvm;? om;
auseyfatmif usrridkbl;[kajym&if; olr&iftHkukd olrukd,fwdkif vufjzifhzdum ±_dufidkaeavonf?
om;a& æ om;}uD;a& tar&ifusKd;yg+yDom;&,f æ tar&ifusKd;&+yDuG,fh om;&JŒ?
“q&m usaemfwdk@ ol&Jaumif;&Jabmfukd b,fvdko+*õK[f=urvJ/ b,fvdkpDpOf=u&if aumif;
rvJ æ ajymygq&m”
usaemfESifh odu|rf;cifrifolvnf;ygonf? oufwifrsKd;ukd toufvkzdk@óud;pm;=u&if; oydwf
wyfom;opfawG tcsif;csif; cifrifoGm;=uonf? tjyeftvSef tm;ukd;,Hk=unfpdwfjzihf av;euf
oGm;=uonf? usaemfpdwful;xm;onfh usaemfh pdwful;ukdajymjyonf? tajctaeESihf tcsdeftcgt&
xdkokd@ pDpOf&a=umif; &Sif;jy&onf? òrdŒe,faumifpD±Hk;teD;&Sd yef;+cHysuf opfawmtkyf uav;xJwGif
ol@ukd jr‡KyfESH&rnf[k usaemfu&Sif;jyonf?

ÑÑÑ

125
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

wacwfvHk; u|JEGm;pm;usufjzpfaecJhonfh jynfol@yef;+cHtrnfcH jruf±dkif;awmxaeaom

yef;+cHysuf? ykysyfysyf ysOf;ryifrsm;ESifh &Snfarsmarsm ,luvpfyifrsm;u usKd;wdk;usJwJ opfawmtkyf
jzpfaeonf? aumifpD±Hk;ajruGufeJ@ uyfvsufom;? cyfvSrf;vSrf;wGif ykvdyf±Hk;&Sdonf? òrdŒe,f aumifpD
±Hk;ukd vlxku rD;±_d@jymcscJhojzifh jymyHkyJusefcJhonf? rD;u|rf;tkwfcHkjrifhom usefcJhonf? xdk@a=umihf
Ta'oukd &efol@wyfu vma&muf vufpm;acsr_ef;aecJhjcif; jzpfonf?
psmyeaumfrwDukd csufcsif;zGJ@pnf;vdkuf=uonf? tzGJ@av;zGJ@? wzGJ@u ajrusif;eufeuf
wl;&ef? wzGJ@u ajrusif;wl;onhf ae&mwGif vHkòcHr_&,l&ef vHkòcHa&;tzGJ@? wzGJ@utavmif;ukd o,fxrf;
vmcJh&ef? (b,fvrf;ukd0if/ b,fvrf;udkausmf/ b,fvrf;ukd azgufxGuf&rnf[k pDpOfxm;onhftwdkif;
ol&aJ umif;tavmif;ukd o,fxrf;vmcJ&h ef)? wzG@J u qufo, G af &; wm0efu, dk &l onf? ESpef m&DtwGi;f
+yD;pD;atmif v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Guf=urnf? n 10 em&DwGif +yD;pD;rnf[k pkaygif; tpDtpOf csvdkuf=uonf?
xdk@jyif opPmuwdðy=ujyefonf? ol&Jaumif;ukd o+*õK[fjr‡KyfESHaepOf &efolua&muf&Sdvm+yD;
[ef@wm;aESmuf,u S f wdu k cf u
kd v
f mygu wke@f jyefwu kd cf u
kd &f if; ol&aJ umif;psm;yeukd +yD;pD;atmif usi;f y
oGm;rnf[k uwdðyvdkuf=uonf?
usaemfu ajrusi;f wl;onft h zG@J EiS hf vHòk cHa&;tzG@J udk wm0efcx H m;&+yD; usaemfu, kd w f ikd f ul+yD;
ajrusif;wl;aecJhonf? Tae&m ajruGufawmtkyfonf ocsõKif;r[kwf? odk@aomf bmrSrwwfEkdif?
ol&Jaumif;wOD;. trSwfw& ordkif;rSwfwdkiftjzpf ajymif;vJypfvdk=uonf? ajrusif;wl;&if; òrdŒpGef
wae&mrS aoewfoHrsm;ukd =um;ae&onf? nwdkufyGJjzpfae+yD? xdkaoewfoHrsm;atmufwGif
ol&aJ umif;awG b,fEpS af ,muf toufpeG @f omG ;=urvJ? ol&aJ umif;wd@k .nonf tarSmifxk aoewf
oHatmufwGif tusnf;wefvGef;aeum awmufy&ifaumh aeavawmhonf?
xdw
k u dk yf oJG o
H nf tvSr;f a0;uGmvSonfr[kw?f xdw k ukd yf o
JG nf usaemfw@kd xo H @kd a&mufvm
cJhavrvm;? ppfum;awG a&mufvmEkdifonf? tcsdefra&G; wdkufyGJjzpfEkdifonf? vHkòcHa&;tzGJ@rS vlESpf
a,mufu usaemfwdk@ ajrusif;wl;onfhtzGJ@odk@ tajy;a&mufvmcJhum usaemfwdk@&Sd&modk@ ppfum;awG
OD;wnf armif;vmaeyHk&onf[k owif;vmykd@onf?
“wu,fvdk@ ppfum;awGa&mufvm+yD; usaemfwdk@ukd &SmawG@oGm;+yDqdk&ifawmh tavmif;
vk&rSmyJ æ usaemfwdk@bufu usaemfwdk@ol&Jaumif;ukd usaemfwdk@ukd,fwdkif o+*õK[fE_wfqufr,f
æ &efo@l vufxJ ygroGm;ap&bl;? &efo@l ppfum; a&mufvm&if yxrqH;k usaemfw@kd vyk &f rSu tavmif;
eJ@twl òcHykwfawGxJrSm 0ifa&muf cdkatmif;ae=u&r,f? um;vrf;reJ@ odyfreD;odyfra0;wJh arSmif&dyf
xJrSm usaemfwdk@ a&mufae=uwJhtwGuf aq;vdyfraomufygeJ@ æ rD;jcpf rjcpfygeJ@“
owif;vmydk@aom oydwfwyfom;ESpfOD;ukd owif;yg;vdkufonf? usaemf &ifckefvd_ufarm
ouJo h @dk tm;vH;k oydww f yfom;awGvnf; v_u d af rmylyefc=hJ uonf? &efo@l um;oHrsm;rSm wjznf;jznf;
eD;uyfvmcJhonf? raumif;qdk;0g;awG atmf[pf ajy;vmcJhonhf toHrsm;tjzpf pufqkwf&if; &ifckef
ae=uonf?
ÑÑÑ
126
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

nudk;em&DcGJvkeD;eD;wGif oufwifrsKd;. tavmif;ukd xrf;o,fvmcJh=uonf? ,luvpfESifh

ysOf;ryif awmtkyfuav;. arSmif&dyfukd tumtuG,f ,lxm;=u+yD;jzpfonf? bkef;}uD;oHk;yg;ukd
yifhvmcJhojzifh usaemfhrSm tHh=ocsD;r$rf;aerdonf? ajru &$HŒAGufrsm;jzifh at;pufpdkpGwfaeonf? yef;+cHxJ
u acsmifusus ukef;jrifhjrifhwae&mukd a&G;cs,f+yD; ajrusif;wl;xm;+yD; jzpfonf? &$HŒAGufEGHawmawGukd
jzwfum tavmif;ukd olwdk@o,fvmcJh=ujcif; jzpfonf? acgif;wvm; vkyfaecsdef/ 0,f,lcsdefr&awmh?
tavmif;ukd zsmjzifhvdyfywfum xrf;vmcJh=ujcif;jzpfonf?
bkef;}uD;oHk;yg;u o&%*Hkwif+yD;onfESihf ol&Jaumif; oufwifrsKd;ukd ajrusif;wGif csvdkuf
=uonf? tm;vHk;u oabmwlawmif;qdkcJhojzihf usaemf pum;ajymcGifh&onf? tav;ðy&ef pDpOfcGifh
&cJhonf? oydwfwyfom;rsm;ukd,fpm;/ vlxk&JŒukd,fpm; o0%fv$mzwfonhfoabm/ ur`nf;xdk;
rSwfwrf;wifonfh oabmyifjzpfonf?
“'Drdkua&pDwdkufyGJtwGif;rSm usqHk;oGm;aomjynfolrsm;/ toufay;oGm;=uaom
ol&Jaumif;rsm;ESihfwuG ol&Jaumif; oufwifrsKd;ukd tav;ðy”
usaemfhtoHrSm v_dufqdk@aeonf[k xifonf? acgif;rS qHyifzsm;rSm "gwfvdkufcH&ouJhodk@
axmifxaeonf[k cHpm;&onf? 0rf;enf;a=uuGJjcif; oufoufr[kwfawmh? cHjyif;wufºuGpdwfu
usaemfhwudk,fvkH;ukd awmifhºuGrma=um vmapcJhonf?
“avoHeJ@ &ifxJuvdkufqdkaygh æ oifh&JŒwdkufyGJ æ igwdk@&JŒ r+yD;qHk;ao;wJhwdkufyGJudk igwdk@
qufvufqifE$Jyghr,f æ 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk rkcsatmifyGJcH&rSmjzpfw,f æigwdk@ qufwkduf
oGm;yghr,f”
twGv J u
kd f ypfvu
kd af om aoewfou H tarSmifxu k x
dk ;kd cGu
J m yJw
h if[ed ;f oGm;? odyrf a0;vS?
oHk;av;zmvHkr#yif a0;rnfrxif? &efol. um;oHu eD;vm+yD? vl&dyf rnf;rnf;jrif&mukd vSrf;ypf
aeyHk&onf? 'D&ufxJwGif tpmiwfcH qENjyyGJrsm;ukd acgif;raxmifEkdifatmif acsr_ef;xm;cJh+yD;jzpfonf
r[kwfvm;? ol&Jaumif;psmyeukd tav;teuf oò*õ[fae=uaom oydwfwyfom;rsm;u aoewf
oH=um;onfEiS fh tvdt k av#muf ajrjyifay:wGif xdik cf svu kd +f yD;om; jzpfaecJo h nf? ol&aJ umif; oufwif
rsKd;ukd usaemfu qufvuf rSwfwrf;wif usL;&ifhajym=um;aomtcg vlwdkif;rwfwyf&yfum +idrfouf
tav;ðy=ujyefonf?
“tm%m&SifpepfeJ@ zufqpfppftkyfpkukd vlxkeJ@twl oufwifrsKd;[m awmfvSefcJhwJh
xufjrufwJh vli,fwOD;jzpfw,f æ toif[m ukd,fusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf vkyf&if;udkif&if; aooGm;cJhwm
r[kwb f ;l æ tckvt kd oufay;+yD; awmfveS cf w
hJ ohJ ifu
h kd igw@kd *k%, f al erSmjzpfw,f æ aoewfra=umuf
æ usnfqHra=umufwJh acwf&JŒwm0efukd ausyGefpGmxrf;aqmifcJhwJh oifh&JŒpdwf"gwf[m b,fawmhrS
raoqHk;EdkifwJh tmZmenf ol&Jaumif;pdwf"gwfjzpfw,fæ a[m'D wnf+idrf&ifhusufwJh r[myHokukd
igwdk@ oufaoðyvdkufygw,f? oifh&JŒpdwf"gwfukd igwdk@&ifxJ ESvHk;aoG;a=umawGxJrSm xnfhxm;yghr,f
æ OD;n$wfpdkufxl xm;vdkufyghr,f æ”
*k%fðyajym=um;t+yD; rif;rif;u oli,fcsif; cspf&Jabmfukd E_wfquf*k%fðyonf?
127
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

“oufwifa& æ igyJa[h æ rif;twGuf*k%f,lw,f? aorif;usnfqHu ighrrSefcJhwm[m

&efolaorif;ukd igqufvuf wdkufyGJ0ifzdk@ xm;cJhwmjzpfw,f æ rif;twGuf æ jynfolawGtwGuf
toufay;+yD qufvuf wdkufyGJ0ifoGm;rSmyg æ rif;[m igh&JŒvrf;jyol&Jaumif;qdkwmudk igh&ifxJrSm
odrf;xm;yghr,f æ rif;usqHk;oGm;awmh igh&ifawG uGJausoGm;w,fuGm æ 'DaumifawGukd wouf
rausbl; urBmrausbl;uG”
rif;rif;ukd usaemf qGJayG@xm;vdkuf&onf? ol@*k%fðyajym=um;oHonf qdk@I v_dufvSJum
aygufuGJvmcJhonf? rkefwdkif; twkdufcH&onfh opfyifjrifhjrifhwyifES,f ol@&ifonf oGufoGufcgatmif
,drf;xkd; v_yfcyfae+yDjzpfa=umif; usaemfowdðyvdkufrdonf? ol@ykcHk;xufodk@ usaemfhvufu usa&muf
oGm;um wif;wif;&pf&pf zufxm;vdkufrdonf?
“om;}uD;a& rEkd;aomtdyfcsif;eJ@ tdyfayawmhuG,f æ om;u tarhukd ol&Jaumif;&JŒ tar
jzpfatmif vkycf whJ maygah emf æ vl,w
k rf m&JΠtarr[kww
f thJ wGuf tarhb0rSm rsuEf mS yef; vSaerSmyg
æ rsufESmyef;rvS&ifvJ aeygap æ tarhom;ukdyJ tarjyef&csifw,f æ 'Daorif;awG raumif;qdk;0g;
aumifawGu vlawGukd ypfcwfowfjzwf 'kuQay;aevdk@ igwdk@om;trdawG vrf;cGJ&+yDuGJ@æ om;}uD;&JŒ
æ ESajrmvdkufygbdom;&,f”
oydwfwyfom;rsm;u rcsdwifuJ usdwfidkaeaom a':vSa&$wkd@ om;trdukd wGJac:vmcJh=u
onf? arSmif&dyfcdkum wokwf+yD;wokwf uokwfu&uf xGufcGmvmcJh=uonf? usaemfeJ@ aemufqHk;
usefcJhwJhvlxkonf vrf;r}uD;ukd jzwful;=uonf? aoewfoHrsm;u ta0;rS/ teD;qHk;ae&mrS ay:xGuf
vmaeqJ? ol&Jaumif; =u,fyGifhawGrSm onfvdknrsKd;wGif aºuGwwfonf? aºuGEkdifonf? ol&Jaumif;
oufwifrsKd;ukd tarSmifnu rSwfwrf;wifcJhav+yD? nudk,fwkdif idkaºuG;vdkufum rsuf&nfpuftjzpf
=u,fwyGifhukd r[myHokajrv$may:odk@ a¹cGcsvdkufavonf?
ppfum;wpD;onf armif;vmcJh&mrS oufwifrsKd;ukdjr‡KyfESHcJh&m tmZmenf ol&Jaumif; Adrmef
ajruGufwnfhwnfh ae&ma&mufonfESifh um;ukd t&Sdefav#mhcsvdkufonf? aoewfoHrsm; ay:xGuf
vmonf? “apmapmu 'DrSmvl&dyfawG@w,f æ ypf æ ypfprf;”[k trdef@ay;vdkufonfhaemuf
aoewfoHrsm; w&pyf ay:xGufvmcJhonf?

Ò Ò Ò

'DZifbm - 9 / 2007
opPmtrSwf (16)/ azazmf0g&D/ 2008

128
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

wapä tdyfruf
1
usaemfonf ESif;xkxJwGif ajy;aecJh&onf? ajrom;/ ajrv$mwckvHk;ukd ESif;xku zHk;v$rf;
odrf;ykdufxm;onf? wnvHk; r_dyGifh ESif;v$mawG tqufrjywf usqif;vmcJhojzifh ajray:wifaeaom
ESif;xkrSm q,fvufrcef@ &Sdaeayvdrfhrnf? xdkESif;xkxJwGif usaemf ajy;vdkufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? orD;
av;ukd awG@rS awG@&ygawmhrvm;? vGo J mG ;+yDvm;? ol@oil ,fcsi;f awGe@J rS awG@ygrh vm;? xkyd al vmifaom
aomua=umifh pdwfaZmt[kefonf }uD;rm;vmcJhum t&mcyfodrf;wkd@onf usaemhf aemufausm
bufwGif usef&pfcJhonf? tdrf+cHwckESihf um;vrf;ukdausmfvmcJhonf? orD;ukdrawG@&ao;? ykdI vd_ufzdk
armyef;vmonf? ylavmifoGm;onf? okn'D*&Datmuf a&muf&Sdaeaom a&cJtrSwf tat;"mwfu
usaemfhukd odrf;ydkufaeaomfvnf; odrf;ykdufrdzdk@aeaeomom xdka&cJtrSwfonf usaemhftyla=umifh
wHv#yftcdk;taiG@rsm; jzpfukef=uonf [kxifonf? tdrfuxGufvmcgeD; óuH&mtaEG;xnfwxnf
aumufumiifum0wfum ±SL;bdeyfw&Hukd aumufpGyfvmcJhojzifh acgif;pGyfOD;xkyfygrvmcJh? vuftdyf
rsm;pGyfrvmcJh&? a&cJESif;jyif}uD;ukd jzwfav#muf&if; orD;ukd&SmcJhonf?
yef;+cHtpyf&Sd opfyif}uD; oHk;av;yifukd ausmfvGefvkdufonfESifh jrifuGif;onf &Sif;ueJ
jzpfoGm;onf? [JvfrD(u,f=uygtHk;)qdkaomtoHu usaemfhcE<mukd,fwckvHk;ukd odrfhodrfhcgatmif
wkev f y_ f ypfvu dk o
f nf? usicf eJ cHpm;vdu k jf cif;ESit hf wl usaemhf ajcaxmuftpHo k nf a&SŒod@k vSr;f rxGuf
EkdifyJ wkH@&yfoGm;onf?
“ orD;av; æ azazvm+yD æ azazvm+yD ”
“azaz orD;wdk@ukdu,fygtHk; æ orD;wdk@ukdu,fyg”
“ a[@aumifawG æ cav;ESpfa,mufukd v$wfvdkufyg æ v$wfyg ”
ESif;xk}uD;xJuae usaemfckefxGufvkdufonf? ajrjyifay: av#mufvSrf;&ouJhodk@ r[kwf?
a&xJ ajy;&ouJhodk@ wkH@qdkif;aeonf? ESif;r_HxJwGif cyf0g;0g; awG@ae&aom orD;av;xHodk@ usaemf@
ajcvSrf;rsm;ukd qef@xkwf ±kef;qGJaerdonf? vlqdk;u ESpfa,muf? orD;ESihf orD;oli,fcsif;ukd odrf;ayG@
zrf;csKyfxm;onf? orD;oli,fcsif;awGxJu b,foljzpfrvJ? tjriftm±HkxJwGif r&Sif;vif;ao;? orD;
uav;rSm toufq,fhESpfESpfom &Sdao;onf? tysKdaygufb0ukdyif r&&Sdao;? t&yfu &Snfarsmarsm
jzpfaeonfuvGJI tysKdaygufp vuQ%m&yfrsm; orD;av;wGifr&Sd? bmrSr&Sd? cav;wa,muf
cav;t&G,fom jzpfonf?
“ a&SŒrwd;k cJeh @J æ &yfae æ igu h snq f efu rif;&JŒ cE<muk, d x
f J azmuf0ifz@dk toifjh zpfae+yD;om;
æ rif;a&SŒwvSr;f wd;k vku d w f meJ@ rif;&ifbwfxu J dk usnq f u
H a&mufomG ;r,fqw kd m igvh al &,Hak yawmh ”
touftE W&m,f usa&mufawmhrnfqdkonfh todw&m;u usaemfhajcvSrf;awGukd &yfwef@
apcJhonf? vlqdk;ESpfa,mufu t&yfjrifhjrifh/ Av aumif;aumif;? wa,mufu tjzL? wa,mufu
trJ? toufu oHk;q,f0ef;usifyJ &Sdvdrfhrnf? olwdk@um;qDodk@ orD;wdk@ukd t"rRayG@csKyf+yD; ac:oGm;
129
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

aepOf usaemfhukd rsufESmcsif;qkdif olwdk@ESifhusaemf ayw&mcef@ a0;ayrnf? orD;wdk@yg;pyfukd olwdk@

vuf0g;rsm;jzifh ydwfum v_yfr&atmif zrf;csKyfxm;onf? usaemf odyf+yD;tH=ooGm;&jcif;rSm orD;av;
eJ@twl t"rRac:aqmifjcif;/ tEdkiftxufðyusifhjcif; cHae&onfh rdef;uav;rSm ppfp,fvD,m jzpfae
aoma=umifhyifwnf;?
'Duav;ruav;onf ao&mrS xvmcJhavovm;? vGefcJhonfh q,fhig;&ufu t"rRðy
usifhcH&+yD; towfcHcJh&onf? òrdŒESifha0;uGmaom awmtkyfwckwGif ol@tavmif;ukd &Ju oGm;awG@
cJhjcif;jzpfonf? rufpDukdrdom;pkrS aygufzGm;vmcJhaom orD;uav;? ausmif;utjyefwGif jzm;a,mif;
aoG;aqmifjcif;cH&+yD; vlowform;vufwGif t"rRðyusifhjcif; cHcJh&onfh rdef;uav;? owif;pmwGif
ol@owif; ukdzwf±_ŒcJh&jcif;jzpfonf? ,QKtdrfu orD;uav; {y&,fpdk;ESifhtwl "m;pmcHjzpfaeonfh
ppfp,fvD,mukd &efol@vufwGif awG@&aomtcg tvGeftrif; tHh=ooGm;rdawmhonf?
ayw&mcef@ta0;rS usaemfhtm; aoewfjzifh csdefxm;+yDqdkonfukd odvdkuf&ojzifh taEG;
xnftdwfxJrS ypPwdkaoewfudk usaemfqGJxkwfum armif;wifvdkufonf? usaemfhukd,f usaemfvnf;
usaemftm;ukd;ESpfoufonfh armif;jyef atmfwdk±dkifz,fukd ,lrvm&aumif;vm;qdk+yD; usdefqJ wuf
acgufaerdonf? jyef,l&&if aumif;rvm;? tawG;u vufceJ jzpfoGm;onf? jyef,lvdk@rjzpf? tdrfukd
jyefvSnfhonfESihf orD;uav;ESifh vGJoGm;rSmjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh usnftjynfh xnfhxm;onfh ypPwdk
ukdyJ tm;ukd;&awmhonf? aoewfarmif;ukdqGJ&ef vufn‡dK;jzifh toifhjyifxm;um b,fvuf0g;
vufqyk x f w J iG f nmvufux dk nfu h m csed xf m;vdu k o f nf? wrdepftwGi;f toifjh zpfomG ;onf? v_y&f mS ;
r_rSm wdy oGufvufvGef;vSonf? ezl;ESifhacgif;wGif ac|;jzifh pkdpGwfoGm;onf? v_dif;x arm[dkufaeaom
&ifukd xdef;csKyfxm;&onf?
“[kwf+yD æ rif;ajymwJhtwdkif; iga&SŒrwdk;bl; [kwf+yD æ a&SŒukd rwdk;apcsifbl;qdk&if tJ'D
tjypfrw hJ hJ uav;ESpaf ,mufudk v$wv f u kd yf g æ igh orD;av;eJ@ orD;&JŒoli,fcsi;f ukd v$waf y;yg æt"rR
tEkdifusifhr_ukd &yfwef;u&yfvdkufyg æ r&yfbl;qdk&if ighusnfqefawGu rif;wkd@acgif;awGxJ 0ifoGm;
vdrfhr,f æ 'Dawmh tjypfrJhwJh tjypfuif;wJh uav;ESpfa,mufukd v$wfvdkufyg?”
ppfp,fvD,mukd odrf;ayG@zrf;csKyfxm;aom trJaumifvlqdk;u usaemhfukd ausmcdkif;um
um;qDodk@ a&GŒvsm;aeonf? orD;av;ukd csKyfudkifxm;aom tjzLaumifu aemufzufodk@ wvSrf;jcif;
qkwfoGm;aeonf? orD;av;onf '&Gwfwdkuf ygoGm;aeav+yD? yef;+cHaxmifhteD; um;vrf;ay:wGif
toif&h yfxm;aom tndK&ifah &mif um;&S&d mok@d orD;av; ESpaf ,mufudk qGaJ c:oGm;ae=ujcif; jzpfonf?
usaemfhtwGuf taumif;qHk; tcGifhta&;ukd &vdkufav+yD? trJaumif. aemufausmukd taotcsm
csdef+yD; ypfvkdufonf? yxrwcsufu vGJacsmfoGm;aomfvnf; 'kwd, ypfv$wfvdkufaom usnfqHu
trJaumif. ausmodk@ xdrSefoGm;onf? ESif;v$mjzLv$ay:odk@ }uJcsvkdufonfh aoG;pufrsm;ukd w&J&J
awG@vdkuf&onf? irJaumifonf ESif;jyifay:odk@ um;ueJ vJusoGm;onfukdvnf; jrifvdkuf&onf?
oefrmxGm;usKdif;aom tysKdaygufr ppfp,fvD,monf tmz&duef tar&duef vl&rf;um;
vufrS vGwo f mG ;oGm;jcif; tjzLaumifxH w[kex f ;kd ajy;um tjzLaumif. acgi;f aemufyikd ;f ukd v$I
J v$I
J
±dkufavawmhonf? tar&duef tjzLaumifu orD;ukd zrf;csKyf '&Gwfwkduf qGJac:&if;u ppfp,fvD,m
ukv d nf; vSr;f uefc/hJ used ;f armif;cJo
h nf? trJaumif vufxrJ S vGwv f muwnf;u &yfuu G f ywf0ef;usif
130
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

=um;odap&ef ppfp,fvD,monf wpmpm atmf[pf tultnD awmif;qJ?

“a&SŒrwdk;eJ‹ ypfvkdufr,f æ rif;orD;ukdoem;&if a&SŒrwdk;eJ@ rif;orD;&JŒ touf[m ighvuf
xJrSm &Sdaewkef;yJ ”
yef;+cHEiS hf yef;+cHteD; &yfuu G of nf eHeufapmapm uav;rsm; ausmif;oGm;csed f jzpfaomfvnf;
+idrfoufqJ? tjzLaumif. [def;a[muf +cdrf;ajcmufoHu yef;+cHukd v$rf;oGm;onf? &yfuGufxJ yJhwif
oGm;onf? odk@aomf +idrfoufqJ? wavmuvHk; aoukef=u+yD;vm;rod? tjzLaumifonf orD;av;ukd
em;xifodk@ aoewfjzifh awhxm;ae+yDaum? 0±kef;okef;um; ajy;vmaeaom usaemfh ajcvSrf;awGukd
&yfvu kd &f onf? orD;xHrS ido k rH sm; xGuv f maeonf? orD;av;ukd b,fvu kd ,fwif &ygrh vJ? pdwx f w J iG f
rD;zdkay:u a&aEG;tdk;uJhodk@ ylavmifv_dufqlcJh+yD? ESvHk;ckefoHrSm pufuJhodk@ qlnHaeawmhonf?
ppfp,fv, D monf tjzLaumifxrH S xGucf mG oGm;onf? b,fa&mufomG ;ovJ? b,faysmuf
oGm;+yv D ?J pdwx f u
J vSr;f atmf=unfo h nf? opfyifwyif. yifpnfaemufu, G wf iG f a&mufomG ;yH&k onf?
uokwfu&uf ajy;xGufvmpOf uav;r. vufxJwGif opfukdif;ajcmuf wkwfwacsmif; ygvmonf?
tjzLaumif. OD;acgif; aemufaphukd xdkwkwfjzifh wtm; vGJ±dkufvdkufpOf aoewfoH =um;vdkuf&onf?
ESi;f xkxo J @kd usaemf±w k w f &uf ypfvcJS svu kd rf o
d nf? usaemfudk vSr;f ypfvu
dk o f nf txifEiS hf a&Smifvu kd f
yHk&onf? acgif;ukd t±kdufcH&pOf tjzLaumifu ta,mifa,miftrSm;rSm;jzifh orD;av;emxifudk
awhypfvu dk jf cif;vm;? usaemf uke;f ±ke;f xvm+yD; tjzLaumif vl&rf;um;aemufo@kd tajy;vdu k cf o hJ nf?
uav;ESpfa,mufu usaemhfxH atmf[pfajy;vmcJh=uonf? vl,kwfrm tar&duefonf ol.um;qD
a&mufoGm;+yD; um;ukd tumtuG,f,lum usaemhf&if0qDodk@ wnfhwnfhcsdefum ypfxnfhvdkufonf?
usaemfypfcwfI vJusaoqHk;aeaom trJaumif. tavmif;ESifh rvSrf;rurf;wGif usaemf vJus
oGm;onf? usaemf&ifbwfqDrS aygufxGuf jzmusvmonfh aoG;pufwdk@onf ESif;vGmay:wGif eDjref;
oGm;onfukd usaemfukd,fwdkif awG@vkduf&onf? orD;av;u usaemfhcE<mukd,fay:odk@ ydusvmonf?
ajy;vmcJhonfh t&Sdeft[kefukd rxdef;EkdifawmhyJ xyfusydusvmcJhjcif; jzpfonf?
“ az az ”
“ orD;av; ”
ÑÑÑ

“ orD;av;a& æ orD;av; ”
orD;av;ukd atmf[pf ac:iifaeaom ta=umif;a=umifhyif usaemftdyf&mu ±kwfw&uf
Edk;xcJhyHk&onf? usaemf owd&aomtcsdefwGif tdyf&mab;wGif usaemf rwfwwf&yfrdvsufom; jzpfae
cJhonf? ouf tvkyfoGm;onfukdyif rodvdkuf? eHeufapmapm ig;em&Dig;q,fwGif tdrfuxGufaeus?
wu,fvdk@ oltvkyfroGm;rD tdyfaysmfaeqJY usaemfua,mifuwrf;jzifh ,QKuJhodk@ [pfatmf ac:iif
aernfqdkv#if “ukdukd æ bmawG tdyfrufrufaewmvJ ” [kqdkum usaemfhukd ykwfEdk;ayvdrhfrnf?
usaemfhukd ar;cGef;awGwoD}uD; ar;ayvdrfhOD;rnf? tckawmh oufu tvkyfukda&mufae+yD?
131
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

usaemfonf wckckukd owd&vmum tarSmifcef;xJrS prf;w0g;0g;jzifh xGufvmcJhonf?

tdycf ef;wHcg;ukd wGe;f xGuv f m+yD; orD;tcef;ukd tomt,m prf;zGio hf nf? rD;cvkwu f dk n‡pI
f zGiohf nf?
apmifyHkxJwGif wapmif;vSnfhum tdyfaysmfaeaom orD;av;ukd rD;a&mifatmufwGif txif;om; awG@
vdkuf&onf?
orD;u ausmif;roGm;rD usaemfwdk@E_d;p&mrvdk? ol@0d&d,ESihfol tdyf&mu Ekd;aeus? orD;ukd
rE_d;awmhyJ usaemf tdyfcef;xJ jyef0ifvmcJhonf? uef@vef@umukdz,f+yD; tjyifukd vSrf;=unfhygonf?
ESi;f yGihf ESi;f v$mrsm;rSm woJoJ wa0ha0h usaeqJ? wavmuvH;k jzLazG; nHn h ufaeavonf? tylcsed u f
a&cJtrSwfatmuf a&mufae+yD? tdyf,may: xkdifcsvdkufpOf usaemhfukd,fusaemf owdjyKrdonf?
tdyfrufxJwGif &efolESifh wkdufcdkufcJh&ojzifh arm[dkufcJh&onfh tarmonf &ifxJwGif vufusef &Sdae
ao;onf? &ifonf w'dwf'dwf ckefjrnfaeqJ? twGif;cHpGyfus,fonf ac|;w0uf pGwfpdkaeonf?
tdrfruf[m w&m;cHvm;? tdrfrufxJua'gorSm te,frxdkifao;yJ waiG@aiG@ avmifaeqJ?
rodpdwfrSm odkavSmif pkpnf;xm;cJhonfh cHpm;r_rsm; tcsuftvufrsm;ESihf odjrif ±_jrifcsuf
tpGt J vef;rsm;ukd azmfjycsuf tpDtpOfonf tdyrf ufyJ r[kwv f m;? ±kybf 0u todtjrifuadk y;onf?
tdyfrufu xdktodtjrifukd jyefvnf azmfjyjcif;jzpfonf? ul;,l+yD; wqifhazmfjyjcif;yif jzpfonf?
ppfp,fvD,mESifh tjzLaumif/ trJaumifwkd@rSm rdk;usa&$ukd,frsm;r[kwf? ajr}uD;xJrS bGm;ueJ xGuf
ay:vmolawG r[kwf? vl@tzGJ@tpnf;0ifawG? owif;pmxJwGif txifu& azmfjyjcif;cHcJh&olawG?
owif;pm zwfcJh+yD;onfhaemuf usaemhfpdwftrSwfxJwGif pGJrSwfxm;cJhbl;olawG? rSwfaw;xm;jcif;
cH&olawG? tjzLESit hf rJEpS af ,mufrmS b%fwckudk 0ifa&mufp;D eif;cJo h nfh b%f"m;jyawG? ppfp,fv, D monf
tjypfrJhwJh ausmif;oluav;? t"rRðyusifhjcif;cHcJh&+yD; towfcHcJh&onfh uav;rav;? rk'def;aumif
vlowform;u ol@tr_ukd azmfxkwfEkdifzG,f&m&Sdonfh oufaoESpfOD;jzpfonfh om;trdESpfOD;ukdyg
tjywfpm&if;&Si;f onft h aejzifh owfypfvu dk of nf? xko d m;trd ESpOf ;D rSmvnf; tjcm; wpdr;f w&HpmawG
r[kwf? vlowform;. ZeD;r,m;ESihf orD;yifjzpfonf? tdk@ tdk æ jzpfrS jzpf&av[k owif;pmzwf&if;
woo jzpfcJhzl;onf?
wu,fu ,QKxuf xdwfvef@wkefv_yfp&m/ ajcmufjcm;p&m/ pdwfysufp&m owif;rsm;/
owfjzwf tEkid u f sirhf _ tjzpftysurf sm;rSm yHx k yfaecJ+h yD;jzpfonf? 'Dvo l wfr/_ rk'ed ;f r_/ "m;jrr_avmufu
tHh=ozG,f&m/ xdwfvef@zG,f&m r[kwfawmh? 'Dr#ru trsm;}uD;?
pufr_twwfynm/ enf;ynm,Ofaus;r_ xGef;um; wkd;wufvGef;vSygonfqdkaom
wdkif;jynfwGif wrdepfukd &mZ0wfr_ wr_E_ef;jzifh wHcGefxlvsuf&Sdonf? xl;c|ef ajymifajrmufv#uf
&Sdonf? av;q,fhESpfa,mufajrmuf orRw uvifwef vufxufwGif &mZ0wfr_ ESdrfeif;a&;/ av#mhcs
a&;twGuf ykvyd w f yfz@JG udk t}uD;tus,w f ;kd csŒJ wk;d jr‡iv
hf u kd o
f nf? ol@vufxufY ESprf ed pfwiG f &mZ0wf
r_ wckyJ&SdcJhwmyg[k xkwfazmfcJhonfhorRw? ,QKrl puUef@oHk;q,fwGif &mZ0wfr_wck &Sdae+yDvm;rod?
e*dkrlvuwnf;u xdkvlr_ pD;yGm;a&;pepfu &mZ0wfr_rsm;ukd wkd;yGm;apcJh+yD;jzpf&m xdkpepfa=umifhyif
pD;yGm;a&; uyfqdkufvmaomtcg ajymzG,f&mr&Sdawmh? pD;yGm;a&;uyfqdkufr_ 'Dv_dif;vdyf}uD;rsm;u
&mZ0wfr_ tr_u d of ±du k rf sm;ukd wxyf+yD;wxyf tifEiS t hf m;ESihf xyf+yD; o,f,v l mcJo h jzifh e*drk v
l xuf
ykq
d ;kd 0g;vmcJo h nf? Tod@k jzifh urBmv h @l tzG@J tpnf; toD;oD;rS &mZ0wfr_ pHcsed rf sm;vnf; Twdik ;f jynf.
132
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

aemufausmzufwGif usefae&pfcJhavonf?
“usaemf cyfa0;a0;uae rSe;f q+y;D vSr;f =unfch w hJ m æ taumif;jrifrsuv f ;kH eJ@ =unfch rhJ w
d mvJ
jzpfygvdrhfr,f æ rsufESmay:u ausmufaygufrm trJpufawGukd rawG@&yJ vSygvm;vdk@ xifchJwmAs”
usaemfa&SŒrSm rdwaf qGEpS Of ;D pum;tcstD cs/ tajctwif ajymaeonfudk usaemfonf xH;k pH
twdkif; tòyH;jrjrESifh+yKH;vJhum emaxmif=unfhaecJhygonf?
“rif;u tawmfa&SmfwJhaumif æ avhvma&;rsufvHk; rSefbDvl;eJ@=unfh&w,f æ taumif;
jrifeJ@vJ r=unfheJ æ tqdk;jrifeJ@vJr=unfheJ@uG æ tcspf=unfh æ trkef;=unfhukda&Smifawmh yuwd
twdkif; awG@&SdwmayghuGm æ [kwfvm; æ rif;u tckrS ausmufaygufrm trJpufawGudk awG@w,f
ayghav æ ”
ajymremqdkrem Armjynfom; 'kuQonfrdwfaqGESpfOD;rSm waomaom &,foGrf; vdkuf=u
onf? t±kyq f ;kd tusn;f wefonfh ausmufaygurf mwkid ;f jynfo@kd tajctaet& a&Smifwrd ;f &ef usaemf
a&mufvmcJjh cif; jzpfonf? 'Da&mufvmcgrS &S±d ;kd &Spd Of'u k Q 0efxyk 0f efy;dk ay:od@k aemufxyf wif&v dS maom
'kurQ sm;ukd rcsrd qef@/ rcsw d ifuJ ±ke;f qGJ o,f,v
l mcJ&h jcif;yif jzpfonf? aygah pvkv d @dk a=umif±yk x f ;kd umrS
aq;a=umifyh if ykI d av;cJah vonf? usef 'kuQ okuaQ wGudk c%xm;vd@k &onfyJ xm;OD;awmh b0vHòk cHa&;/
toufvHkòcHa&;udpPukd rdepfESifhtr# &ifqdkifae&avonf? ab;z,fxm;vdk@ r&awmh? vHk;0r&Ekdifawmh?
vlowfr_/ vk,ufr_ /"m;jrwdkufr_/ ypfcwfr_/ cdk;r_/ azmufxGif;r_/ rxDav;pm; tEkdifusifhr_
rsm;u ae@a&mnyg vlwdk@ukd +cdrf;ajcmufaecJhonf? pdefac:aecJhavonf? ae@cif;a=umifawmif &yfuGuf
xJ vrf;av#mufvmonfh rGeftrsKd;orD;wOD;ukd tar&duef"m;jyu "m;jzifh&if0axmufum vufukdif
tdyfxJrSaiGukd xkwf,loGm;cJhavonf? wnY Armjynfom;wOD;ukd trJwtkyfu 0kdif;±dkuf vk,ufcJh
onf? wae@wGif vlrJ"m;jyu b%fxJ0ifvm+yD; b%fpma&;rukd aoewfjzifh a':vmwpfaomif;
awmif;qdkcJh&m b%fpma&;ru aiGwaomif; ay;vkduf&onf? xdk@aemuf b%fpma&;rrSm =urf;jyifay:
vJusoGm;um aoqHk;oGm;cJhonf?
ponfh xdkausmufaygufrm t&dyfrJ/ t&dyfqdk;rsm;onf usaemfESifh usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;.
aemufodk@ 0g;òrd&ef vdkufvmcJh=uonf? nzuf vrf;oG,f/ vrf;usOf;/ vrf;ray:odk@ a&mufvmonhf
vly*k Kd~ vf wOD;.aemufrS xdrk aumif;qd;k 0g; &mZ0wfr_ t&dyrf rJ sm;onf ajcoHr=um;&atmif xuf=uyf
ruGm vkdufvmcJhonf? vk,uf cH&jyefonf? wkdufcdkufr_ cH&jyefonf?
pmwkdufrsm;wGif a=umfjimoifykef;Y tom;ay; azmfjyxm;onfrSm aysmufqHk;oGm;aom
uav;rsm;. "mwfyHkESifh qufoG,f&ef vdyfpmrsm;jzpfonf? tjzLuav;rsm;/ trJuav;rsm;/ rufpDukd
uav;rsm;. oufEki,f±kyfyHkrsm;? xdka=umfjim oifykef;ukd vSrf;=unfhrdonfhtcg i,fxdyfukd rdk;óud;ypf
ovkd cHpm;&avonf? usaemfhom;uav; jzpfaecJhv#if usaemfhorD;av;/ usaemfhwlrav;rsm; jzpfaecJh
rSjzifh quf+yD;rpOf;pm;&J? 'Duav;rsm;rSm vlavmuxJwGif ouf&Sdxif&Sm;rS &Sd=uygOD;rvm;? a&mif;pm;
cHcJh=u&+yD;vm;? t"rR0g'Drsm; vufcsufjzifh toufawG qHk;±_H;cJh=u&+yDvm;? a&mif;pm;cHcJh=u&onfh
uav;rsm;rSm b,fwdkif;jynf/ b,fa'oodk@ a&mufae=u+yDvJ? urBmvHk;qdkif&m vlta&mif;t0,f
*dk%f;}uD;. *dk%f;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh *dk%f;csKyf}uD;onf Tausmufaygufrmwdkif;jynfrS yk*~dKvfrsm;
jzpfaecJh=uonf?
133
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

xdk@jyif pmwkdufrsm;. a=umfjimoifykef;wGif vlqdk;"m;jyrsm;. pm&if;rsm;/ "mwfyHkrsm;ukdyg

yl;wGaJ zmfjyxm;onf? ykvyd t f zG@J EiS fh tufzb
f tD ikd u
f aemufa,mifcH ajc&mcH zrf;qD;aeqJ? zrf;Irrdao;?
0&rf;ajy;rsm;u ajy;aeqJ? awG@wJht&yfrSm ykvdyftzGJ@ukd owif;ykd@=u&ef vlxkukdyef=um; arwWm&yfcH
xm;onfukd awG@&rSm jzpfonf? rl;,pfaq;0g; ta&mif;t0,f/ tjrwftpGef;aiGa=u;/ vlowfr_wkd@rSm
axG;a&m,Sufwif jzpfaewwfavonf?
w&m;±H;k wGif a'0gvcD o H rl sm;/ tvkyv f ufrrhJ sm;/ ([kr;f rfvufp)f td;k rJt
h rd rf rhJ sm;ESihf txufwef;
ausmif;om;tcsif;csif;/ wuUodkvf ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; ypfcwfowfjzwfr_rsm; wdk;yGm; }uD;xGm;
vmcJo h nf? &mZ0wfrr_ sm;rSm acwfwacwfxw J iG f tòydi;f t±kid ;f }uD;jyif;vm=uonfh nDtpfudk aemif&if;
rsm; jzpf=uonf? odk@r[kwf aqGrsKd;&if;csmrsm;/ trd0rf;xJuae acgif;eif;qif;rsm;jzpf=uonf?
w&dyf&dyfwufvmonfh "mwfqDaps;E_ef;/ ukefaps;E_ef;rSm &mZ0wfr_ESifh t+yKdiftqdkif tEkdif}uJaecJhav
onf? b,folu t&yftarmif; tjrifhqHk;vJ? usaemfonf abm*aA'ynm&Sif/ uGefwdk*&yf ynm&Sif
r[kwfojzifh o±kyfazmfI rjyEkdifawmhyg? ukefaps;E_ef;ESihf &mZ0wfr_wdk@ w&dyf&dyf jrifhwufvmyHkrSm
wl=uonfqo dk nfh tcsuu f rdk l twdtus azmfjyEkid o f nf? ukeaf ps;E_e;f jrifw
h ufvmouJo h @kd oufEik ,f
q,fausmo f uf rde;f uav;rsm;tm; t"rRðyusirhf _ E_e;f xm;onfvnf; jrifrh m;vmcJo h nf? yef;+cHwcko@kd
(odk@r[kwf) wae&modk@ rdef;uav;ukd aoG;aqmifzsm;a,mif; ac:aqmifoGm;rnf? owfrSwfxm;aom
ae&modk@a&mufonfESihf xdkrdef;uav;tm; 0dkif;0ef;t"rR jyKusifh=ujcif;jzpfonf? pdef@*sKd;aq;±HkwckxJ
rSmyJ tzsut f pD;cH&onfh rde;f uav;OD;a&rSm ajcmufvtwGi;f wpf&mhig;q,fausmf a&mufvmcJo h nf?
rde;f uav;rsm;rSm '%f&mtemw&rsm; &&dv S mcJ+h yD; rcsrd qef@ cHpm;&ojzifh rdbrsm;u aq;±Ho k @kd uswd yf @dk
cJ&h onft h qifo h @kd a&mufc=hJ uonf? ae@pOfowif;pmwGif azmfjycJo h nhf aemufxyf owif;wyk'rf mS vnf;
yifhouf±_dufp&m jzpfaecJhjyefonf? tmz&duef tar&duef q,fausmfouf trsKd;orD;i,f ig;q,f
&mcdkifE_ef;onf t&G,fra&mufrDuwnf;u tzsuftqD;cH=u&onfwJh? t"rRjyKusifhjcif; cH=u&onf
wJh? pdwfxdcdkuf ±l;oGyfavmufonfh ,Ofaus;r_yguvm;?

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xdkt&dyfqdk; t&dyfrJrsm;onf usaemhfxH ajy;vdkufvmcJh+yD; usaemfcE<mukd,fxJodk@ wdk;}udwf
0ifa&mufvmcJhonf? xdkausmufaygufrm ,Ofaus;r_ t&dyfrJrsm;onf "mwfajymif;tultnDjzifh
rD;v#Hrsm;jzpfvmcJhonf? xdkaomurD;v#Honf orD;av;twGuf edpP"l0 &ifxJwGif avmifu|rf;aecJh
avonf? b0ukd vkHòcHr_r&Sdonfh b0tjzpf cHpm;vm&avonf? orD;av;uJhodk@ rdef;uav;wdk@ b0rSm
rl ajymzG,f&mr&Sdawmh? vHk+cKHr_twGuf tmrcHcsufr&Sdawmh?
orD;av;twGuf ylavmifco hJ nfrh ;D v#o
H nf onfreuft±k%Of ;D wGif wap>tyd rf ufudk rufap
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h nfh t&dyrf rJ sm;onf wap>tyd rf ufudk arG;zGm; ay;cJjh cif;jzpfonf?
rdbESpfyg;jzpfonfh usaemfESifhouf. ylyefr_ukd orD;av;tm; &Sif;jyxm;cJh+yD;jzpfonf?
b,fvdk }uKdwifumuG,f&rnfukdvnf; ajymjyxm;onf?
134
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

“ orD;av; ”
“ &Sif æ arar ”
“yef;+cHukd jzwf+yDqdkwmeJŒta&SŒ/ taemuf/ awmif/ ajrmufukd vSnfh=unfh æ vlawG&Sdr&dS
avhvmaemf æ orD;av;aemufu vlvkdufvmovm; æ 'grSr[kwf orD;av;a&SŒuae vlwa,muf
a,muf vmaeovm; æ vmaew,fqdk&ifawmh owdxm; æ tem;tuyfrcHeJ@ æ orD;udk aESmuf
,Sufzdk@ t&dyfta&mifawG@wmeJ@ vGwfatmifajy; æ &yfuGufxJukd ta&mufajy; æ tultnD
awmif;aemf orD; ”
orD;av;ukd ol@tar a':rroufu txyfxyfrSmaeus pum;awG? usaemfu orD;av;
ukd owd&Sdzdk@/ owWd&Sdzkd@/ owWdaoG;ukd &JapcJhonf? uav;t&G,fESifhtavsmuf pGrf;tifcGeftm;awG
&Sda=umif; yHkjyifawG ±kyf&SifZmwfum;awGESifh yHkaqmifI &Sif;jyonf? uav;ol&Jaumif;rsm;. awmufy
aom pdwf"mwfrsm;ukd xkwfjy&onf? pdwf"mwfukd ysKd;axmifvmcJh&m ajcmufESpforD;t&G,fwGif
tarSmifEiS w hf ap>udk a=umufwwfonfh orD;av;rSm tarSmifukd ra=umufonfu h av;/ r&So d nfh wap>
ukd ra=umufonfh/ ra=umufwwfonfh q,fhwpfESpf orD;av;jzpfvmcJhonf?
“orD;}uD;&if bmvkyfrvJ”
“awmfvSefa&;orm; yef;csDq&mr vkyfr,f ”
“'gyJuG æ [kwf+yD ”
orD;av;jzpfvdkonfh b0twGufaum jzwfoef;aeqJ ausmif;olav;b0rSmyg pdwf"mwf
cdkifrmzdk@/ raysmhnHhzdk@/ ZGJ owWd&Sdzdk@/ vdktyfa=umif; orD;av; pwifodvmcJhay+yD? ol. pdwftaqmuf
ttHx k w J iG f tajccH tkwjf rpfrsm;cscahJ v+yD? vlb0onf wku d yf EJG iS phf wifum wku
d yf x
JG rJ mS yif aemufq;kH
xGufoufukd vGwfcJh=u&onf r[kwfvm;? avmavmq,f q,ftxyfxyf0dkif;&H/ 0kdif;ywfxm;onfh
t&dyfrJrsm;tm; ckcHa&;wkdufyGJESifh orD;av; &ifqdkifae&av+yD??

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f may:wGif ausmufcsxidk u f m apmapmu usaemfrufco hJ nfh wap>tyd rf ufudk jyefvnf
pOf;pm;&if; war#mfwac: awG;awmaerdonf? orD;av;u tdyfcef;wHcg;ukdwGef;zGifh+yD;“azaz æ orD;
ausmif;oGm;awmhr,f ” qdkrS tawG;rSvef@Edk;um xvmcJh&onf? orD;av;a& æ c%apmifhuGm[k
qdu k m taEG;xnfu0dk wf&onf? uokwu f &ufjzifh orD;av;ESit
hf wl tdrrf S xGuv
f mcJo h nf? tdyrf uf
xJutwdik ;f yif ESi;f v$mESi;f rHa_ wmxJ jzwfav#muf&avonf? orD;u ESi;f zH;k a&cJjyifxJ av#muf&onf
ukd aysmfaeavonf? orD;ukd yef;+cH[dkzufxdyftxd ydk@ay;r,fvdk@ usaemfu ajymvdkufojzifh orD;u
ykdI aysmfoGm;onf?
usaemfuawmh tdyfrufxJwGif aoewf'%f&m aoG;tvdrf;vdrf;ESifh usaemf vJusaoqHk;
cJhonfh ae&mtxd oGm;=unfh&efjzpfonf? xdkae&modk@ a&mufaomtcg a&cJjyifESif;v$mukdyif t&Sd
135
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

twdkif; awG@&onf? wcsufòyH;rdonf? t&dyfrJtdyfruf/ wap>tdyfrufxJrSm igaocJhwJhae&maygh[k

pdwfwGifa&&Gwf&if; òyH;&,fvdkufrdonf?
xdak e&mod@k a&mufonfEiS hf orD;av;u ayoH;k av;q,foma0;Edik rf nfh ol@oil ,fcsi;f tdro
f Œkd
qufoGm;onf? om;tzESpfa,muf vrf;cGJvdkuf=uonf? orD;av;ukd erf;±_dufar$;=uL E_wfqufum
tdrfodk@ uokwfu&ufjzifh usaemfjyefvmcJhonf? tdrfjyefa&mufonfESihf tvkyfoGm;&ef xrif;bl;
twGuf jyifqif&/ tvkyform; t0wftxnfukd tajy;tv$m; 0wfqif&onf? tvkyfvkyfonhf
puf±Hkodk@ um;armif;xGufvmcJhpOf yef;+cHa&cJjyifay:rS orD;av;ukd vSrf;awG@vdkuf&onf? um;ukd
armif;txGuf tdrfESpfvHk;t=um; jrifuGif;qDrS vSrf;awG@vdkuf&jcif; jzpfonf? ol@oli,fcsif;awGeJ@
vGJoGm;vdk@rsm; tdrfjyefvm+yD; orD;ukdausmif;vkdufykd@zkd@ vmajymwmrsm;vm;? um;ukd wkH@ueJ xdk;&yf
um ajy;xGuf=unfhrdonf? orD;uav;r[kwfbJ tjcm;uav; wa,mufjzpfaeonf? um;ay:
jyefwuf+yD; armif;xGufcJh&avonf? wap>tdyfrufESihf t&dyfrJrsm;onf usaemfh aemufausmzuf&Sd
um;xdkifcHkwGifxdkifvsuf vdkufygvmcJh=uonf?

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ar 22 / 2008
oPmtrSwf (18) =o*kwf 2008

136
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

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&Gmwydik ;f vH;k udk xkt d oHu yJw h if ±duk cf wf pOf;pm;&if/ awG;awmae&if/ 0ufom;0,fpm;jzpfrmS
vduk o f nf? &Gmt h a&SŒbuf acsmif;usK;d &GmrS udw k ifjr r[kwfawmhbl; æ [? aorxl;aerxl;wJb h 0?
u 0ufay:+y;D a&mif;aeus? 0ufom;onf udw k ifjr 0ufom;0,frpm;vJ qif;&J+rJ qif;&Jpw k cf smaerSmyJ
. ‘AsK@d ’[pfonhf toHu=kd um;onfEiS hf OD;xGe;f &Sed f 'gu aocsm+y;D om; ”
ESifh a':aq;wkd@rSm wa,mufrsufESm wa,muf a':aq;u uav;udEk @kd wu kd &f mu uk, d f
vSr;f =unhv f u kd =f uonf? b,fvv kd aJ [h? 0ufom; ukw d csufvGef@um &SifhoabmyJ &Sifaumuf&dwf
wJG wwGJqGJvdkuf=u&if aumif;rvm;? [if;iwf Ekid &f if taºu;G 0,fpm;&wm vG,yf gw,f[k wH@k jyef
wmvnf ; =umcJ h + yD ? 0uf o m;rpm;&wmvnf ; onf? tom;rSm0ufqdkonfhtwdkif; 0ufom;ukd
ajcmufvxJ a&mufae+yrD [kwv f m;æ qdo k nhf tuJ b,fvdkyJóudufóuduf ol@a,mufsm; ukdxGef;&Sdef
prf;onfah r;cGe;f rsm; yg&o dS nfh t=unhrf sm;jzpfonf? aumuf&w d af y; óudwif,&l rnfh ta&;udk &ifav;
“b,fvdkvJAsKd@ OD;xGef;&Sdefwdk@ a':aq; aerdonf?
wdk@ tckyJvwfvwfqwfqwf 0ufay:cJhwmAsKd@? 0ufom;onf ukdwifjrukd vSrf;atmf
[if;iwfajyatmif 0,fxm;vdkuf=uavAsm” ac:vdkufonfh ol@a,mufsm;toHu ol@&ifxJwGif
OD;xGef;&Sdefu trdk;ukyfukyf wJtdrf rd;k óu;d ypfouJo h @dk pl;&Susipf ufomG ;onf? wu,fu
uav;xJuae vrf;rqDodk@ rsufESma=um±_HŒum aumuf&dwfay; aºuG;wifjyef+yD[Jh æ qdkonhf
vSrf;=unfhonf? yg;pyfuvJ ol.ra[oDa'0Dukd toHu usipf ufomG ;apcJjh cif;jzpfonf? aºuG;wif
wwGww f wG af wmif;qdo k nf? [kww f ,f[? waEG &Sib f &k ifqyfw?hJ &Dp&maumif;vdu k w f m? aºu;G wif&if
vHk; [if;csKdeJ@iyda&yJ avG;cJh&wm? uav;awGukd xGef;&SdefeJ@rdaq;yJ qyf&wm?
vnf; oem;w,fuGm? 0,fcsufygrdaq; qdk+yD; td r f E S i h f & G m vnf v rf ; u tvS r f ; a0;
a'0Docifudk v_@H aqmfonf? vSonfr[kwfojzifh OD;xGef;&Sdef vSrf;ac:vdkuf
“aumuf&w d af y; óudwif,x l m;wJh &Sihf onfEiS fh 0g;=urf;cif; tdru f yk u
f av;xJo@kd ukw d ifjr
taºu;G awGu rsm;ae+yu D x dk eG ;f &Sed ?f usKyf 'D uav;ukd a&mufvmonf? ESD;óud;jzifh csnfaESmifxm;aom
ypfxm;cJ+h yD; 'Dr;kd wGi;f rSmaumufpu kd vf @kd r&ao;bl; 0ufom;wGJrsm;ukd ig;ayausmf - ajcmufayeD;yg;
æ uav;u i,fao;w,f ” 0g;vHk;wGif oDcsdwf+yD; xrf;vmcJhjcif; jzpfonf?
“vmrJah umuf&w d cf sed rf mS eifvJ uav; ukw d ifjru ol@0ufom; b,fvv kd wf qwfa=umif;/
wzufeJ@ aumuf&dwfEkdifrSmyg[m udpPr&Sdygbl;? 0ufemusv@kd ay:wmr[kwaf =umif;/ tjrwfqv kd @kd
eifaumufr&dwfEkdifvnf; igyJ &dwf&rSmaygh[m? tdrfrSmpm;zdk@ 0ufacgif;eJ@t+rD;yJ usefcJha=umif;?
woufv;kH aumuf&w d cf &hJ wmyJ? raocif tvkyf tav;csdefcGifjynfha=umif;/ 0ufom;wyd\m ESpf
vkyzf @kd twGuf tvkyv f yk Ef idk af tmif wcgwavvJ axmifcsif;wltHk;awmh òrdŒrSm0,f&if a&xk;d xm;wJh
[if ; 0,f p m;&wmaygh ? 0uf o m;0,f p m;&wm 0ufom;yJ pm;&rSmjzpfa=umif; n$e;f onf?
wu,fhpGef@pm;cef;ygyJ? av#mufrpOf;pm;eJ@awmh? a':aq;u aps;av#mhcdkif;ao;onf?
137
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

axmif&h pS &f m&rvm;? ukw d ifjru ESpaf xmifu wjym; roGm;cJ?h a':aq;em;xJwiG f ±du k cf wf usecf ahJ vonf?
rSrav#mh? ckESpf&ufyJ taºuG;qdkif;onf? ckESpf&uf used pf mqefveG ;f onfh xdEk ;d_ aqmfou H olaX;uk, d f
ausm&f if ESpaf xmifih g;&may;&rnf[k cwfjywfjywf pm;vS,f OD;pdefatmiftdrfodk@ vSrf;csDºuGjref;&ef
ajymonf? ,lEidk rf , S al emf[o k wday;vdu k af o;onf? OD;xGef;&Sdefukd aphaqmfvdkufonf? toifhtwifh
a':aq;u 0ufom;wGrJ sm;ukd vSeaf vSm ºuG,f0csrf;om;aom v,form; OD;pdefatmifxH
=unho f nf? oH;k xyfom;xJu tqDrsm;rsm; oH;k xyf odk@ aumuf&dwfay; oGm;,l&ayOD;awmhrnfukd;?
om;ukd a&G;,l&ef [efjyifvdkufonf? “'Duav; ÑÑÑ
uvJ[,fæ Edk@yJpdk@aewmyJ”[k aigufirf;um
uav;ukd Ek@d jzwfvu kd o f nf? Ek@d uwef;vef;? a':aq; 2
. aemufa=umbufrS uav;u av;bufaxmuf
um tarhE@kd jyif;usudk vSr;f qG, J l aomufp@kd aejcif; rdom;pkxrif;0dkif;wGif tqD&$rf;aom
jzpfonf? &ifbwfay:wGif wGJvsm;usaeaom 0uf o m;[if ; wyG J u d k pm;&rnf h t a&;awG ; +yD ;
Edk@jyif;&Snfukd vdyf±kyfay:aeaom npfax;ax; aysmyf g;&$i=f unf&rSm jzpfaomfvnf; vufawG@wiG f
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oHk;a,mufu 0ufom;pm;&awmhrnf[kqdkum bJrsm;uJodk@ raysmfyg;Edkif? uav;awGu rdk;OD;us
txyfxyf aw;oDu;Hk &if; [pfaºu;G &if; 0g;=urf;cif; bJawGuJhodk@ aysmfEkdifonf? remvdkp&m aumif;
ay:wGif ckeaf yguf aysmjf rL;ae=uonf? =urf;uGyrf sm; avmufatmif aysmfyg;EkdifcJh=uonf? bma=umifh
vGwfxGufum acsmif&GJ@aeaom 0g;=urf;cif;rsm; raysmfykdufEdkif&ef pOf;pm;awG;awmae&oenf;?
uvnf; jrnfcsiw f ikd ;f jrnfaeavonf? uav;wd@k OD;pdefatmifxH aumuf&dwfay; óudwifaiGacs;zdk@
xckefoavmuf jrnfaeavonf? Ekd@pdk@ uav; rsufESmrGJ rsufESmjymjzifh oGm;a&mufacs;iSm;&rnfh
uawmh =uL=uLnHatmif id, k qkd yl uG v f #u?f ta&;u olwkd@pdwfukd v$rf;xm;cJhavovm;?
a':aq;u tqDrsm;rsm; 0ufom;wGJ zvHjzLw0ufa&m ðiyfo;D awmifh vuf
wwGJukd 0g;wHydk;xJrS qGJc|wf,lvdkufonf? +yD; usef&Sdor#udk ðiyfoD;xnfhxm;onhf aumfAl;xJrS
aemuf rD;zdak csmifuav;xJo@kd iH@k 0ifum rD;zdak y:u qGJxkwfonf? oHk;av;awmifh xGufvmonf?
usyfcdk;pif0g;wef;tpGef;wGif csdwfxm;vdkufonf? yvyfpwpf =uufoeG t f w d x
f &J dS wjcrf;ykyf =uufoeG f
OD;xGef;&SdefuJhodk@ iwfwD;rGwfodyfvGef;aom Adkvf ao;ao;ESpfvHk;u a':aq;. rsufvHk;rsm;ukd
pkwf[lonfh tdrfuacG;‘av;vHk;’rSm 0ufom;wGJ wtHw h =o rjzpfapcJ?h 0ufom;tpdwo f m;avmuf
udk armh=unhfv#uf yg;pyfE_wfcrf;udk ol.v#mjzihf yJ [if;csufr,f? 'Dnpm;r,f? usefwJh0ufom;ukd
txyfxyf vdrf;Iaeavonf? ðyyfxm;r,f? cyfEl;El; ðyyfxm;r,f? aemufae@
vmrnfv h qef; q,fw h pf&ufrmS quf awGrSm wckckeJ@ a&maESmcsufr,f? xkdr#om pdwf
qufvmcJrh ,f? 0ufom;zd;k twGuf toifjh yifxm; a&mufonf? uyfqu kd u f m &Sm;yg;vGe;f vSonfh qD/
ay;yg[q k u kd m aºuG;pm&if;pmtkyw f iG f ukw
d ifjru qm;/ ðiyfo;D wd@k xrH S pdwu f cGcJ mG vmcJu
h m OD;pdeaf tmif
aw;rS w f v d k u f o nf ? wJ u k y f u k y f uav;xJ r S xH a&mufoGm;onf? aumuf&dwfay;aºuG;,lzdk@?
ukdwifjr iHk@xGufoGm;onfhwdkif ol. óudwifaºuG; ra[oD. tdrfOD;ewfurl oHacs;wuf
awmif;oHu iH@k xu G rf oGm;ay? ol@aemufo@kd uyfyg a&ZvHx k w J iG f 0ufom;wH;k ukd ESpI f ESpIf aq;a=um?
138
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

a&xnfo h ;kH aeonfh E_wcf rf;uGJ pOft h ;kd wGif "m;r. csmvnf/ oHo&mvnfco hJ nfy?J cg;vnfu t±du k f
toG m ;uk d b,f j yef n mjyef usif ; vd k u f o nf ? cHxm;&onfha¹rGuJhodk@ aºuG;xlajymr_ '%f&m
0ufom;vSD;&mwGif &Sxufap&ef "m;oGm;ukd zdI '%fcsujf zifh a&SŒrwd;k Ekid af wmh vl;Iom vGe@f c&hJ onfh
cwfaoG; aoG;vdu k &f onf? pOfw h w D ;kH ay:wGif 0uf toufr#if;r#if; r±SLomonfhb0?
om;wHk;uav;rsm;ukd vSD;jzwfvdkufonf? tpdwf a':aq;u [if;csuf&efjyifonf? Ekd@pdk@
om;avmufyJ [if;csufr,f? usefwJh ckESpfq,fh om; zd;k omatmifu rdcifa':aq;. ausmbufrS
ig;usyfom;ukd El;atmif jyKyfxm;&r,f? tm;vl; xkid u f m Ek@d jyif;rsm;ukd qG, J pl @kd onf? a':aq;pdwu f
eJ @ jzpf j zpf / [if ; &G u f e J @ yJ j zpf j zpf / aemuf a e@rS m OD;pdefatmifxHodk@ xyfa=umhum a&muf&Sd aeav
a=umfr,f/ csufr,f? xdkr#om pdwfa&mufonf? onf? xrif;tkd;a&aq;aeaom OD;xGef;&Sdefonf
rdom;pkESihf aysmfydkufzG,f&m 0ufom;[if; csnf ol.a'0Duo hJ @dk yif OD;pdeaf tmifxH a&muf&adS eav
wdik rf S vGwx f u
G vf mcJu h m aumuf&w d af y; aºu;G ,l onf? wu,fawmh OD;pdefatmifuvnf; òrdŒe,f
&rnfh ae&mXmeodk@ pdwfua&mufoGm;cJhonf? ±H;k pdu
k &f mwGif aexdik af om w±kwu f sipf xdG rH wS qifh
wcsed xf w J iG f olw@kd EpS Of ;D onfwòyid w f nf; aiGwdk;jzifh aiGacs;,lvm+yD; wqifh aiGwdk;cspm;jcif;
tawG;wlae=uonf? pdwfESpfpdwfrSm tawG;wl jzpfonfukdawmh OD;xGef;&Sdef &dyfpm;cJhyHk&onf?
aw;wyk'fjzifh òydifwl ,drf;uae=uonf? pdwf ÑÑÑ
ESppf w d u f OD;pdeaf tmifEiS phf um;ajymae=u&onf?
ESpu f ,kd whf pdwq f w kd m 'gyjJ zpfrnf? aumuf&w d cf sed f 3
wGif w{uukd pyg;&dwfc usyfaiG av;axmifih g;&m
&&SdrSmjzpfaomfvnf; aumuf&dwfa y;c w{u npmpm;t+yD;wGif &Gmta&S@ydkif;odk@
twGuf ESpaf xmify&J rnf? ESpaf xmifih g;&m uGmjcm; OD;xGef;&Sdef xGufvmcJhonf? aeavmifxm;ojzihf
rSmjzpfonf? qHk;±_H;rSmjzpfonfukd rodvdk@rS r[kwf aejzifu h suaf eaomtom;a&mifurJajymifaeonf?
bJ? vkyftm;cenf;enf; pm;p&dwfursm;rsm;? ausmrGJwdk@&GmwGif wqifxJ wyHkpHxJ ausmrGJrsm;
xkdr#ru aiGykdaiGv#Hqdkvdk@ qefwjynfpmr#yif pkpnf;aexdik &f m &yf0ef;a'o? Owko;kH yg;pvH;k t0wf
vufxJ rSmrusecf ?hJ userf aecJ?h wefc;kd tm%mr&S?d xnfuif;rJhaeaom ausmajymifajymiftwkdif;yif
aiGt&if;r&S?d vkyt f m;yJ&o dS ?l vkyt f m; a&mif;pm;& ypfxm;cJo h nfrmS vnf; =umcJ+h yD? wokeo f ek f wdu
k f
olrSm xkdodk@aiGtydkr&Sd? tvkyfvkyf&if;u aºuG; cwfaeaom avt[kejf zifh vuf=um;xJ&dS ajymif;
txyfxyf xlajymvmcJo h nfh ESpu f mvrSm ESpo f ;kH zl;zufaq;vdyfwdku rD;cdk;awG tlxGufvmonf?
q,fausmfcJh+yDyJ? ol@oil ,fcsi;f OD;wd;k tdro f @kd 0ifonf? OD;wd;k rdom;pk
aumuf & d w f a y;/ aumuf p d k u f a y;/ vnf; 'D0ufom;[if;ESihf npmavG;aeqJ? xd@k a=umihf
v,fxGefay;/ wvif;e,fay;/ jruf&dwfay;wdk@ukd OD;wd;k xrif;0dik ;f wGif acwWyx J ikd o f nf? OD;pdeaf tmifxH
óudwif,lpm;cJhonfrSmvJ ESpfaygif; oHk;q,fodk@ aumuf&dwfay;aºuG;,lr,f? rif;aum vdkuftHk;
a&mufvmcJhonf? aºuG;&SifrSmvnf; OD;pdefatmif rvm;[lI tazmfvmn‡djcif;jzpfonf? OD;wdk;u
omruawmh? OD;td/k OD;pHctxd ajymif;oGm;onf? aumuf&dwf ay;r,lawmh? v,f+yD;rdk;aESmif;rSm
aºuG;&Sifrsm;pm&if;wGif aºuG;pm&if;jzwfvdkuf jruf&dwfay;ESifh aiGóud,lrnf/ acs;rnf[kqdkonf?
aemufxyfaºuG;pm&if; xyfwdk;vdkuf? vHk;vnf olwdk@v,fulvDrsm;rSm rkd;ra&mufrD
139
 armifpdk;csdef
aEGuwnf;u v,fxGefay;,lum qef0,fpm;/
ðiyfo;D / =uufoeG /f qD/ qm;/ 0,fpm;&ojzifh pm&if;
iSm;c ukeEf iS +fh yD? ar#mv f ifph &mr&Sad wmh? ukecf +hJ yD?
xd@k a=umihf aumuf&w d af y;/ aumufpu kd af y; ,l&jcif;
jzpfonf?
OD w d k ; td r f r S jyef v mcJ h a omtcg
rdk;aumif;uif [if;vif;jyifonf cJom;a&mif jzpf
aecJ+h yD? taemuf rd;k aumif;uifpeG ;f wGif jzLazG;azG;
vavmif;avSonf wdryf ifv,fwiG f &Guv f iG afh e
+yD? e,kefrdk;onf oHk;av;}udrf rdk;jyif;rkefwdkif;rsm;
&Gmcsc&hJ m jcifEiS rhf uS rf sm; ,if&rJ sm;ukd arG;zGm;vdu k f
onf? xdak emuf &GmwGi;f od@k ac:vmonf? &Gmv,f
vrf;ay:wGif tHkusif;zGJaeaom jcif±dkif;tkyfrsm;ukd
0ifwkd;um ol jzwfcJh&onf?
tdraf &mufawmh uav;awGu “rd;k &Gm&if
rdk;a&csKd;r,f”oDcsif;ukd [pfqdk&if; ckefaygufae
onf u k d a wG @ &onf ? ra[oD a '0D u 0g;yd k ; 0g;
acgif;tHk;wGifarS;um uav;ukd Ekd@wdkufaeonf?
olvnf; 0g;ydk;0g;acgif;tHk;ukd,lum =urf;ay:wGif
ausmcif; vSJcsvdkufonf? taumif;qHk; uwWDyg
òcHapmifozG,fjzpfonfh *kefeDapmifukd ajc&if;wGif
toifhyHkxm;vdkufonf? *kefeDtdwfrsm;ukdjzwf+yD;
pyf[yfcsKyfxm;onfh *kefeDapmif? aemufwem&D
wGif wdwfqdwfntarSmifxJwGif wJukyf tdrf
uav;rsm;onf tdypf ufomG ;=uonf?
tdyfraysmfEkdifatmif vm;aygif;rsm;pGm
tawG;aygi;f rsm;pGmu ol@tm; ESyd pf ufcahJ vonf?
tdrfuvJ rrdk;&ao;ygvm;? oufu,fu rjynfhpHk
ao;ygvm;? rd;k OD; apmapmusrmS vm;? rD;zdt k wGuf
xif;xyf&Sm&tHk;rSmygvm; æ qdkonhfvm;rsm;ukd
pdwfjzifh &Gwfqdkaerdjyefonf? aemufawmh pdwf
yg;pyfjzihf &Gwq f rkd r_ sm;onf aysmufu, G of mG ;/ tdyf
pufjcif;wGif epf0ifoGm;avawmhonf? aoG;iwf
jciftkyf}uD;u jcifaxmifuif;rhJ/ tumtuG,frJh
cE<mudk,frsm;ukd pdwfwdkif;us aoG;pkyf=uonf?
140
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
jcifwdk@.aoG;pkyfoH/ w0D0D atmf[pfoHrsm;onf
wa,m*DwoHpOf aw;oGm;rsm; jzpfcJhav+yDvm;
yifrod? xdo k @kd yif npOf aoG;vSLaeus? tzsm;tem
ESihf tzktydef@rsm; ,m;emrsm; xaponftxd?
rdcif &ifcGifxJrS tom;EkEkuav;. rsufESmay:
wGif aoG;wdk@ pD;usvmonf?
wdwq f w
d +f idro
f ufru _ dk tumtuG,f
,lum Adv k pf w
k o f nf rD;zdak csmifo@kd v$m;ceJ ckew f uf
vmonf? tdrftqifh tay:xyfwuf+yD; y'yf&yf/
(rufwyf&yf)onf? 0ufom;[if;tk;d ukd wzufo@kd
apmif;vSJypfvdkufum aq;a=ump&m rvdkawmh
avmuf a tmif 0uf o m;[if ; uk d tuk e f p m;/
tukefvsufypfvdkufonf? tdyf,mu Ekd;onfESifh
'gudkod+yDqdkv#if Adkvfpkwfwaumifukd rnfodk@
oabmxm;rnfenf;? ra[oDa'0Du =uL=uLyg
atmf[pf+yD; Adkvfpkwfukd a'gojzihf "m;ESihfvdkufae
rnfvm;? OD;xGef;&Sdefuaum b,fodk@ Adkvfpkwfukd
ajymqdkðyrlrnfenf;? rif;wdk@pepfa=umifh igwkd@awG
qdk;qdk;0g;0g; cHpm;ae&wm/ rif;wdk@u edAŠmefrSm
t=unfqdkufae=uwHk; igwdk@u i&Ja&mufae=u
wm[lI yv†iaf y:u acG;wtkyu f kd trke;f zG@J tjrif
uyf&mrS tdrfuacG;trnf av;vHk;ukd Adkvfpkwf[k
ac:wGifapcJhonf? OD;xGef;&Sdefonf Adkvfpkwfukd
rnfodk@ ðyrl}udrf;0g;rnfenf;? OD;pdefaomif;tdrfodk@
ajcwvSrf;yif rvSrf;&ao;/ 0ufom;aºuG;qyf&ef
aumuf&dwfay;awmif r,l&ao;rDrSmyJAdkvfpkwf
u rw&m; [if;cd;k pm;onf[q k u dk m Adv
k pf w k uf dk
"m;jzihf vdkufaernfvm;?
aoG;pkwfjcif;tkyf}uD;. [pfatmf tHkzGJ@
r_atmufu tarSmifxw J iG f ra[oDa'0Dw@kd rdom;pk
url aoG;ay;I tdyfpufae=uqJ? Ò
ar 21 / 2007
a'gif;tdk;a0 trSwf(2) {+yD/ ar/ ZGef/ 2007
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

tarG
“a[m æ trdk;jyefvm+yD æ b,fvdkvJtrdk; æ trdk;a,mufsm;eJ@ awG@cJh&JŒvm; æ ac:rvm
bl;vm; æ”
tdrf. wHpuf+rdwfatmufrS iHk@xGufvkdufonfESihf trdk;ukd rsufESmcsif;qdkif awG@vdkuf&onf?
[kwfom;yJ æ trdk;jyefvm+yD æ? pdwfxJrSm a&&Gwf&if; trdk;rsufESmukd tuJcwf=unfhrdonf? wHv#yf
v_dif;xaeaom aetyl&SdefxJwGifjzwfI jyefvmcJhojzifh trdk;rsufESmu eD&Jaeonf? ezl;ay:rS qHr#if
rsm;u ac|;&$J&$JwGif pdkepfaeonf?
aiGòrdifvnf; a&SŒqufroGm;Ekdifawmh? ajymajymqdkqdkESihfyif trdk;aemufrS vdkufvmum trdk;
ESifhtwl tdrfxJodk@ 0ifvdkufoGm;onf? xkd@twlyif usaemfvnf; tdrfuav;xJodk@ jyef0ifvmcJh&awmh
onf? trdk;. b0'%f&mu vGefcJhonfh &ufowWESpfywfu usaemhfxHodk@ wkduf±dkuf ul;pufvmcJh
onfyJ r[kwfvm;? xdka0'emu &ifukd wodrfhodrfh ckefjrnfvmap+yD; trdk;a,mufsm;ESihf ywfouf
I odcsiv f monf? ol@a,mufsm; &SEd idk o
f nfah 'ood@k trd;k rxGucf mG rDu trd;k &&Scd o
hJ nfh owif;uaum
rSefyghrvm;? rSefygap? cufonfu wqifhpum; wqifhem; owif;rSm;a=umifh te,fxdkifaeaom
a0'emu te,fxum ykdI emusif cHpm;vmwwfonf?
trd;k tdrx f aJ &mufonfEiS fh aiGòrdio
hf m;uav; zd;k cGm;u trd;k ukd ajy;Izufonf? trd;k vnf;
uav;ukd ol@&ifcGifxJ odrf;ayG@ zufxm;vkdufonf? usaemfu aiGòrdifESihftwl eH&HwGif rSDxdkif&if; trdk;
ajymvmrnfhtajzukd apmifhonf? zdk;cGm;ukd xdef;odrf; apmifha&Smufaeonfh uav;xdef;ESif;jzLyg
usaemfwkd@ESifhtwl vmxdkifonf?
wu,fu æ trdk;rsufESmay:rS a=uuGJ&dyfawGukd jrifvdkuf&pOfuwnf;uyif óudwifrSef;q
cJh+yD;jzpfonf? xifonfhtwdkifyif trdk;uvnf; Todk@ajymonf?
“ol@ukdrawG@chJygbl;[m æ rawG@cJh&wJhtjyif æ [kdwkef;u oleJ@ twlwuGaevmcJh=uwJh
vlawG ajymwmuawmh r,fp&D,ef;bufukd ajymif;oGm;wm aemufxyf ol@udk jyefrawG@&awmhbl;wJh
æ wcsKdŒuvnf; olaocJhwm=um+yDwJh æ wcsKdŒajymwmuawmh æ befaumufrSm tvkyfvkyfae
w,fwJh æ bmukd,Hk&awmhrvJ æ”
trdk;u ±_dufI idkonf? wodrfhodrfhidk&if; ol@rsufESmukd vuf0g;jzifh tkyfrdk;xm;vdkufonf?
rsuf&nfpufwkd@u olr vufz0g;atmufrS oG,fqif;pD;usvmonf? usaemfu trdk;ukd r}unfh&uf
awmh? olajymrnfh pum;awGukd r=um;&ufawmh?
trdk;a& æ 'DvdkyJaygh æ aysmufaomol &Sm&ifawG@ æ wJh æ wae@ae@ wcsdefcsdefrSm trdk; æ
ol@ukd &SmawG@&rSmaygh [kwv f m; æ bmrS tm;ri,fe@J trd;k æ uJ æ usaemfomG ;tH;k r,f æ [kwv f m; ”
trd;k ukd tm;ay;pum;ajymcJo h nfrmS ajym±k;d ajympOf pum;rsm; jzpfaervm;rod? wu,fu
b0wl cHpm;r_ wl=uolcsif; pmemem;vnfr_jzifh azsmif;zs ajymcJhjcif;omjzpfonf?
141
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

aiGòrdifhukd wcsufvSrf;=unfhum tdrftjyifodk@ usaemfxGufvmcJhonf? ra&S;raESmif;rSmyif

w*sKH;*sHK; w*sKdif;*sKdif; jrnfaºuG;aewwfonfh pufbD;tdkuav;ukdeif;um aiGòrdif vrf;rqDokd@ xGufvm
cJo
h nf? usaemft h em;od@k a&mufvmaomtcg pufb;D xkid cf akH y:od@k usaemfxikd v f u kd of nf? r,fawmfo@kd
oGm;rnfh um;*dwfqDodk@ OD;wnf+yD; xGufvmcJh=uonf? rJaqmufòrdŒ. taemufajrmufbuf&Sd
vlae&yfuGufukd vrf;óudvrf;=um;awGtwdkif; auG@ywf jzwfxGufvmcJh=uonf?
cgwdkif; pmoif+yD; tdrftjyefrSm aiGòrdifhtdrfukd r=umc% pufbD;ESifh 0ifvnfavh&Sdonf?
pufbD;u wm&muGJoGm;ojzifh rJaqmufESihfr,fawmfukd bwfpfum;ESifh oGm;& jyef&onf? aiGòrdifu
um;*dwfodk@ usaemfhukd ykd@ay;rnf?
aiGòrdifh tdrfwHpuf+rdwfESifh tvSrf; a0;vmcJhaomfvnf; tdrfuav;xJwGif usef&pfcJhonfh
trdk;. ±_dufoHoJhoJhu usaemfhxHwGif ygvmcJhonf? ±_dufoHudk jyef=um;ae&ao;onf? wu,fvdk@rsm;
trdk;ESifh trdk;a,mufsm; jyefvnfqHkqnf; jzpf=uw,fqdk&if b,favmufrsm; =unfEl;0rf;om=urvJ?
trd;k touf oH;k q,hif g;wGif ol@a,mufsm; apm*vdw k ;kd axmifusco hJ nf? u&iftrsK;d om; awmfveS af &;
tzGJ@tpnf;ESihf tquftoG,f&SdcJh/ axmufyHhulnDcJhojzifh Arm ppft&m&Sdrsm;u ol@ukd axmifxJ
ykd@cJhonf? axmifxJrSm (3) ESpf=umcJhonf? axmifuvGwfvm+yD; ajcmufvt=umrSm Armppfwyfu
apm*vdkwdk;ukd ppfypPnf;o,f,la&;ESifh rdkif;&Sif;ud&d,mtjzpf (ay:wm)txrf;orm; vkyfcdkif;onf?
ay:wm txrf;orm;b0rS xGufajy;cJh&m xdkif;EkdifiHbuf a&mufvmcJhonf? Armjynfukd
jyefra&mufawmh? rdom;pkESihf a0;uGmcJh&onfh tvGrf;&uf ESpfumvrsm;rSm q,fESpfyif ausmfvmcJh+yD?
wkdawmif;aom vl@b0 oufwrf;c&D;wGif rjzpfoifh/ rjzpfxdkuf/ ra0;xkdufbJ a0;cJh&onfh/ a=uuGJ
a0'em cHpm;&onfh &uf/ v/ &moDrsm;u b0wGif ae&m,lxm;cJhav+yD?
u&ifjynfe,f. ppfab;/ ppf'%foifhI &Gmysuf/ tdrfajcysuf/ pD;yGm;ysuf tajctaeu
trdk;wkd@rdom;pkukd ppfajy;rsm;tjzpf xyfrHzefqif;cJhjyefonf? aomif&if;jrpf ta&SŒbufurf;ay:&Sd
a&$a&mif/ aiGa&mif òyd;jyufaeonfh rJaqmufodk@ olwdk@rdom;pk a&mufvmcJh=uonf? apm*vdkwdk;ESihf
a0;cJ=hJ upOf trd;k rSm uk, d 0f efo;kH vESifh usecf o
hJ nf? xdok rD;av;yif (11) ESp&f cdS +hJ yD? vlysKad ygu/f tysKad yguf
orD;ESihfom;tjyif orD;axG;uav; eef;,Ofa=umhukd xdef;odrf;ysKd;axmif&if; ±kef;uef v_yf&Sm;cJhonf?
rJaqmufwGif usyef;tvkyfukd vkyf=u&onf? trdk;u aiGòrdifhuav;ukd xdef;&onf? uav;xdef;
tdrfaxmifr_ tvkyform;?
rJaqmufwiG f wESpaf usm=f umcJh t+yD;rSm apm*vdw k ;kd ukd vkud v
f &H mS azGco
hJ nf? owif;tpte
=um;onfEiS fh wòyid ef uf ol&EdS idk o f nf[x k if&onfh t&yfa'owGif a&ajrtES@H ajcqef@Ivku d &f mS cJo
h nf?
,ckvnf; vifaysmuf&SmyHkawmf zGifhcJhav+yD? apm*vdkwdk;udk rawG@cJh&onfhtjyif uav;xdef; tvkyf
uyif xGucf &hJ +yD? a,mufsm;ukd &Smzd@k twGuf tdrrf x S u G of mG ;uwnf;uyif aiGòrdiu f aemufwa,muf
uav;xdef; tdrfaxmifr_@ tvkyform; ESif;jzLudk iSm;&rf;cJhonf?
onftdrfuav;odk@ trdk;jyefvmjcif;u tvkyf jyefvkyfzdk@twGufr[kwf? qdk;wdkifyif aumif;
wdik yf if rdom;pkjzpfaeI usaemfw@kd xH tusK;d ta=umif; vmajymjcif;omjzpfonf? trd;k u tvkyv f ufrhJ
jzpfoGm;+yD? xdk@a=umifh tvkyfwck xyf&Sm&ayvdrfhtHk;rnf?
aiGòrdiu
f “q&m æ um;*dwaf &muf+yD” qd+k yD; owday;rSyif trd;k ESifh ywfoufonfh tawG;u
142
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

ys,v f iG o
hf mG ;awmhonf? r,fawmfo@kd omG ;&ef toifjh zpfaeaom bwfpu f m;ay:odk@ uokwfu&uf wuf
vdkufonf? rGef;wdrf;p rJaqmufaps;odrf;csdef/ jr0wDwbufurf;odk@ jyef=urnfh Armaps;onfrsm;/
aps;0,frsm;ESihf um;ay:rSmqHk=uonf? ukd,fhtawG;ESihfudk,f um;pD;cJhonf? trdk;/ trdk;&JŒa,mufsm;/
trdk;&JŒuav;awGæ aiGòrdif æ p=umrSefajymif;vSnfhovdk tawG;tdrfxJwGif ±kyfyHkawGu csmvnf
vSnfhywf ay:vmaeonf?
r,fawmf bkef;}uD;ausmif;a&SŒa&mufawmh bwfpfum;u tawmf=um=um&yfonf? qif;
rnfh c&D;onfuvnf; rsm;onf? usaemfw;kd a0S@+yD; um;ay:rS qif;vmum r,fawmf&mG xJo@kd ajreDvrf;
uav;twdkif; av#mufvmcJhonf? o&ufyifwef;/ tkef;yifwef;/ ozef;yifwdk@ESifh nd‡K@r_dif; tHk;qdkif;
aewwfonfh vrf;uav;? acsmif;tul; opfom;wHwm;tvGefwGif opf&dyfr&Sdawmh? aeylyl vGifwD;
acgif wHv#yftaiG@xJ jzwf&onf?
tawG;xJwGif trdk;wdk@rdom;pkukd zswfueJ owd&vmjyefonf? xdktawG;ukd aemufxyf
rdom;pk ±kyfyHkwcku zHk;v$rf;oGm;jyefonf? xdkrdom;pkum; ArmjynfwGif usef&pfcJhonfh usaemfhrdom;pk?
wcgw&H pdwfnpfavmufatmifyif rdom;pkukd vGrf;aerdwwfonf? owd&wrf;wwdkif; pdwfwGif
avmifu|rf;onf? wcgwcg a=uuGJr_rsm;u &ifodk@ qdk@eifhaponf? csKyfwD; arhazsmufxm;cJhaomfvnf;
,ckvdk wdkufqdkifr_awG &Sdvmonfhtcg cHpm;r_u tES,fjyefxvmonf?
awmcdk olykefvkyfzdk@twGuf awmfvSefa&;a'oodk@ xGufrvmrD&ufu oDoDu usaemfhukd
ajymonf? “&SifhorD; tysKdjzpfae+yDæ &Sifowdxm;ayawmh ”? oDoD ajymonfukd jyefvnf=um;a,mif
vmonf? orD;}uD; oD&pd ;kd ,ckqkd tysK}d uD; jzpfae+yDvm;? usaemfh cspaf rwWm&ifaiG@wiG f cdv k cH_ &hJ onfo h rD;/
usaemfh&ifcGifxJwGif }uD;jyif;cJh&onfhorD;? orD;}uD;u cHpm;em;vnfwwfonfh t&G,f? xdkt&G,frSmyJ
olw@kd udk usaemfxm;&pfc&hJ onf? orD;}uD; zatukd vGr;f aqG;wdik ;f b,favmuf idak ºuG;wrf;wvdu k af v
rvJ? usaemfh tawG;xJwGif orD;}uD;yHk&dyfukd jyefawG@&awmh pdwfxJwGif xdcdkuf a=uuGJrdawmhonf?
orD;ausmif;rS jyefvmwdkif; usaemfhukd orD;u &$ef;&$ef;aemufaemuf toHjzifhac:wwfonf?
“az}uD; æ az}uD;a&Œæ ”
xdkodk@yif orD;u ac:wwfonf? ,ck =um;a,mifaeaom toHrSm &,f&$ef;aemufajymif
onfh toHr[kwfawmh? usaemfhukd orD;}uD; ac:aeonfhtoHrSm idk±_duf ac:iifaeonfhtoH? reD;ra0;
ae&mwck æ rS [pfac: ajy;vdkufvmaeaom toHjzpfaeonf?
“azaz æ azaza& æ &yfaetHk; æ orD; vdkufvmaew,fav æ orD;ac:wmvnf;
r=um;bl;vm; rodbl; æ az}uD;a& æ ”
“ [,f æ orD;vdkufvmw,f æ orD;vdkufvmw,faemf æ ”
aoG;a=umawG &yfwef@oGm;/ ESvHk;ckefoHawG w'def;'def; jrnf[def;aeonfukdyif owdrxm;
Ekid af wmh? tH=h ojcif; +yD;awmh/ th=H ojcif;ESifh pdwaf jcmufjcm;r_? tjriftm±Hw
k @kd onf jyma0r_erf id_ ;f oGm;onf?
wma0; tajy;orm;wOD;. yef;0ifonfhtwdkif;yif usaemhfteD;tyg;txd orD;u t[kef
jzifh ajy;0ifvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? tl,m;zm;,m;? armqdk@vd_ufzdkae+yD; æ
“[if æ azaz vnf;r[kwfygvm; ”
“ orD; ”
143
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

“æ æ æ ”
“ orD; ”
“rSm;oGm;w,f æ azazvnf; r[kwfjyefbl; æ ”
orD;cjrm idkygavawmhonf? ol@±_dufoHawGu qihfuJxGufvmonf? ±_dufoHu &ifudk
±dkufcwfemusifap&ef wr[kwfjcif; ul;pufysHŒESH@vmcJhonf? orD;av;u usaemhftyg;rS xGufcGm
oGm;ae+yDjzpfaomfvnf; ±d_ufoHoJhoJhr#ifr#ifu usaemfh&ifxJwGif v_dif;x yJhwifusef&pfcJhonf? orD;
av;. yg;jyifrS rsuf&nfpufrsm;onf usaemhfrsufvHk;tdrfxJ a&mufvmum wc%rSmyif yg;jyifay: Y
oG,fqif;usvmae+yD?
usaemfha&SŒuae orD;av;u tajy;w0ufESihf oGm;aeonf? usaemfu orD;av;udk rrDS
vdkufawmh? ydk+yD;&SufoGm; tm;i,foGm;Ekdifonf? xdk@a=umifhyif ajcvSrf;ukd av;av;wGJ@wGJ@vSrf;&if;
aemufrSm wrifcsef+yD; vdkufvmcJhonf? toufu q,fhwpfESpf/ q,fhESpfESpfr#om &SdayOD;rnf? tom;
u azG;azG;OO? pdrf;/ eD/ jym/ 0g yef;yGifhawGazmfxm;onfh puyfwdkav;ukd 0wfxm;onf? wD&Syf t0gEkEk?
cspfp&maumif;vdkufwJh orD;av;? wu,fh yef;yGifhuav;wyGifhyg? olajymor# pum;awGu u&ifoH
0Jaeonf?
usaemf[m orD;av;&JŒtazrsm;jzpfaecJ&h ifæ orD;av;uvnf; usaemf&h ŒJ ESv;kH aoG; jzpfaecJh
rSjzifæ
h urBmavmuxJwiG f usaemfw@kd om;tzavmuf jyefvnfqq kH nf;&onfh 0rf;omaysm&f iG f =unfE;l
r_ukd b,fcHpm;r_urS vdkufrSDEkdifrnf r[kwfawmh? ,ckawmh orD;av;uvnf; &ifemem a=uuGJuGJ?
usaemfh&ifvnf; emusif avmifu|rf;oGm;cJhav+yD?
orD;av;u tdrfwef;awGukd ausmfvGef+yD;onfESihf b,fbufodk@ csKd;auG@+yD; tpGefqHk;tdrfodk@
0ifvdkufonf? usaemfaeonfhtdrfu xdktdrf. acgif;&if;buf 'kwd,tdrf? usaemf tdrfay:odk@ a&muf
onfESifh tdrfaemufaz; a&ujyifodk@oGm;um rsufESmopfvdkufonf? rsuf&nfrsm;/ ac|;rsm;onf a&xJ
wGif pD;arsm ygoGm;ygapawmh?
tdraf &SŒbufqo D @kd xGuvf mawmh q&mcsr;f ukd toifah wG@&onf? usaemfu rdwaf qG&aJ bmf
}uD; q&mcsr;f tdrwf iG f rScD w
kd ,G u f yfaeonf? q&mcsr;f u ylvu kd w
f m vGeyf ga&m[kqu kd m a&aEG;=urf;ukd
wusKdufusKduf aomufaeavonf?
“q&mpd;k a&mufvmwmeJ@ tawmfyæ J a&aEG;=urf;eJ@ vufzufoyk u f q&mpd;k ukd apmifah r#mf
aecJhwm=umayghAsm? ”
usaemfu ol@a&SŒrSm 0ifxdkifvdkufonf? q&mcsrf;u usaemfhrsufESmukd tuJcwfonfh
t=unfhjzihf =unfhaeonf?
“q&mcsrf; æ [dkbufajc&if;tdrfrSm {nfhonfawG a&mufaeyHk&w,f? q&mcsrf; olwdk@ukd
odvm; æ ”
“odygw,f æ u&ifjynfe,fu xGufajy;vmcJhwJh u&if 'kuQonfawGyJav? rESpfu 'D
r,fawmfrSm olwdk@aeoGm;cJh=uw,f? 'DESpfxJrSmyJ befaumufukd olwdk@ajymif;oGm;=uwm?
ol@pum; jywfomG ;awmh apmapmu pdwx f cd u
kd pf &m tjzpftysuu f dk usaemfu ajymjyvduk of nf?
“[kwfw,f q&mpdk;a& æ tJ'Duav;u zataysmufvdk@ vdkuf&SmaewJh uav; æ
144
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

befaumufuae rJaqmufukda&mufvm+yD; zatukdvm&Smwm 'geJ@qdk ESpfacguf&SdoGm;+yD æ odyf+yD;

oem;p&maumif;wJh orD;av;ygAsm æ”
'DvAkd sm æ [k tpcsu D m q&mcsr;f u usaemfu
h dk &Si;f jycJo
h nf? rESpu
f (1993 rSm) orDav;&JŒ
tazu a[m'D r,fawmfbkef;}uD;ausmif;a&SŒrSm um;wkdufcHcJh&onf? um;orm;awGu uav;.
tazukd um;ay:wif+yD; ac:oGm;=uonf? um;wdkufr_jzpfI &GmxJrS xGuf=unhf=uonfh &Gmom;awGukd
um;orm;u rSmcJhonf? rdom;pkukd ajymjyvdkuf=uyg æ rJaqmufaq;±Hkukd ac:oGm;rSmjzpfw,f æ
rJaqmufaq;±Hu k dk vdu
k cf =hJ uzd@k rmS cJo
h nf? orD;av;tar&,f/ tjcm;rdwaf qGawG&,f/ rJaqmufaq;±Hu k dk
vdkufoGm;=uonf? ta&;ay:XmerSmvnf; orD;av;tazukdrawG@&? vlao±HkrSmvnf; &Smvdk@rawG@?
txyfxyftcgcg ae&mtESH@/ XmetESH@ ajrvSef+yD; &Sm=uazG=u ar;jref;pHkprf;=uaomfvnf; owif;
tpteyif r&cJhawmhay? aysmufjcif;rvS aysmufoGm;cJhonf?
“tJ'DxJu orD;av;aum æ ol@taryg æ aomurD;0kdif; t±l;wydkif; jzpfoGm;cJhawmhwm
ygyJAsm æ usaemfhtxifajym&&if um;wif+yD; wae&m&mrSm vlemukd tpazsmufvdkufw,fvdk@ xif
w,fæ b,fvm aq;0g;ukoay;rSmvJ æ 'De,fpyfu vlwa,mufuo dk wf&wm yk&u G q
f w d f waumif
ukdowf&ovdkyJ odyfvG,fwm æ owfypfvdkufawmh aemufxyfvnf; aiGrukefawmhbl; æ um;
twkdufcH&wJhvlema=umifh &mZ0wfr_vnf; rjzpfawmhbl;ayghAsm? tJ æ rD;±_dŒowfovm; a&xJar#mypf
vkdufovm; qdkwmawmh rodbl;aygh? u&ifjynfe,f/ rGefjynfe,fpwJh tJ'Djynfe,fawGvnf; ppfxJrSm
a=urGukefawmhwmygyJ æ vlxkawGvnf; xGufajy;cJh=u& æ wuGJwjym;pD jzpfoGm;=u æ 'kuQonf
awGxJuyJ e,fpyfw±dk;rSm tckvdk tjzpfqdk;eJ@ aooGm;cJhwJh Armjynfom;awG b,favmuf&Sdr,fvdk@
xifvJ q&mpd;k ? rJaqmufqw kd m a&Ga&mifaiGa&mif ajymifvufaeayr,fh 'kp±ku d af wG zH;k v$r;f rJarSmifaewJh
awmeuf}uD;ygAsm ”
oufjyif;ukd wr#if;r#if; csvdkufrdonf?
“ at;av æ orD;av;uawmh ol@taz[m touf&SifqJyJvdk@ xifrSwfaewkef;yJ æ rsufpd
a&SŒrSmyJ aysmufomG ;avawmh æ aooGm;+yDv@kd ajymvnf; ,Hrk mS r[kwaf wmhb;l æ q&mcsr;f ajymvdu k f
awmhrS ykdawmif pdwfraumif;jzpf&w,fæ ”
vrf;ay:wGif qHkqnf;cJhaom tjypfuif;pifonfh orD;av;ukd awG;rdjyefonf? rD;yHk}uD;xJu
yef;yGifhjzLav;wyGifh? wc%rSmyif Armjynfu orD;}uD;ukd zswfceJ owd&vmonf? rdom;pkukd ajy;
owd&onf? +yD;awmh trdk;wdk@rdom;pk/ æ +yD;awmh æ ? òyduGJa=urGaeaom rdom;pkawG æ tJ'D
rdom;pkawG? ppfrD;xJrSm aoqHk;cJh=uwJhvlawG æ b,fESpfaomif;/ b,fESpfodef; &SdoGm;ae+yDvJ æ ?

Ò Ò Ò

=o*kwfv (25) &uf/ 2001 ckESpf/ ae@vnf (12 )em&D/

*syefEkdifiH/ a&$óud;=umr*~Zif;/ trSwf(6)/ 2001 ck/ 'DZifbmv(3)&uf?

145
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

opP m ysm;&nf p uf a wG æ
òrdifhudkjyefawG@&onfESifh &ifxJwGif aEG;odrfh v_yfcwfoGm;onf? òrdifu ausmufovif;
avSum;xpftpGe;f wGif xdik &f if; wv_u d vf ud_ òf yH;aeonf? opfwykd if}uD;atmufudk a&mufaeonfh ol@udk
ai;=unf&h ,fòyH;&if; pum;awG vSr;f ajymaepOf wc%rSmyif tajy;w0ufEiS hf a&mufvmum opfwo kd ;D
awGukd tvkt,uf aumufaeawmhonf? òrid u f opfwo dk ;D aumufvu kd /f opfwo kd ;D awG pm;&awmhr,f
atmfvdkufESifh uav;wa,mufvdk jrL;&$ifaeonf? zm;vsm;wGJcdkaeonfh òrdifhqHr#ifawGukd avu wdk;zG
jrL;vGifhypfaeonf? onfwHk;u òrdifhukdvSrf;=unfh&if; pdwfnGwfEl;aysmf&GifcJhonf? armifa& æ vm/
opfwdkoD;awG trsm;}uD;&+yD? oGm;pdk@[kqdkum ol@xHa&mufvmonf? ol@ nmvufarmif;ukd òrdifu
wif;wif;wG,fzuf&if; ajy;w0ufESifh ESpfa,mufom; ausmufavSum;xpfodk@ a&mufvmcJh=uonf?
ESpfa,muf=um;wGif opfwdkoD;awGukd yHkvdkuf+yD; òrdifu wvHk;+yD;wvHk; tcGHcGmonf? òrdifu
tJ'D opfwdkoD;ukd odyfóudufwmyJarmif&JŒ æ ajymvdkuf pm;vdkuf/ ol@ukdvnf; au|;vdkuf/ opfwdkoD;
tr$mawGudk cG@H au|;aewJòh rdiu hf dk rsuaf wmifrcwfyJ =unfah eawmh òrdiu f yl;uyfw;kd 0ifvm+yD; rsuEf mS csi;f
qdkifvdkufonf? òrdifhE_wfcrf;zsm;u opfwdkoD;ukd E_wfcrf;csif; awhquf,lvdkufpOfrSmyJ òrdifhvufawGu
ol@vnfwdkifukd EG,fr#ifvdk &pfywfxm;onf? pGJ&pfapwJh terf;yGifhawG òrdifhukd,foif;&eH@awGutp
,ckwc%rSmyJ pdwrf mS jyefvnf owd&vmonf? òrdi&hf ŒJ woJo h hJ wEG@J E@JG &,foaH wGudk jyef=um;&onf?
wud, k vf ;kH v_yv f @kd / a&$Œvd@k r&avmufatmif usipf ufxu kH u dk rf a_ wGudk qGwyf sŒH r_awGu z,f&mS ;ypfvu kd f
ovdkyJ?
pdr;f nKd@a0aeonfh uef@aumfyifwef;atmufrmS qHr#izf m;vsm;cs/ uef@aumfuikd ;f awGukd wGe;f
z,f&if; twloGm;vmcJhpOfu òrdifhyHk&dyfaw/G tif;vsm;uefapmif; o&ufyiftdk}uD;atmufrSmxkdif&if;
ycH;k ay:rSm EG@J rx
DS m;wJh òrdiyhf &kH yd af wGu pdwt f wGi;f rSm wzswzf swf ay:vmaeonf? zwfcb hJ ;l onhf pmtkyf
awGxu J uAsmawG/ 0wˆKawG/ ordik ;f tjzpftysuaf wG/ Ekid if aH &; acgi;f aqmifawG&ŒJ twˆKy`wdW ta=umif;
awGukd aqG;aEG;jzpf=uonf? ol&Jaumif; *sL;vd,uf zl;cspfeJ@ ik,ifAefx±GdKif;ta=umif; ajym=uawmh
òrdifu odyfpdwf0ifpm;onf?
r=umc% zl;cspfta=umif; ajymjyckdif;wmawG/ +idrfouf em;axmifaeonfh ±kyfyHkawGukd
jyefawG@&awmh pdwfrSmaEG;vmonf?
òrdifu ordkif;t"du 'kwd,ESpfausmif;ol? ausmif;raeEkdifonfh &yfuGufxJrS uav;awGukd
tcrJh pmoifay;onfh q&mr òrdi?f xdu k av;awG. b0ukd emusiaf erdonfh q&mròrdiu f dk tcspaf wGEiS hf
av;pm;cJhonf r[kwfvm;?
q,fwef;rSm olususefcJhawmh òrdifu yxrESpf wuUodkvfausmif;ol jzpfae+yD? nDav;/
nDrav;eJ@ rdom;pktwGuf ausmif;qufrwufbJ qifrvdu k f txyfom;puf±rkH mS tvky0f ifvyk o f nf?
tvkyform;b0xJrSm b0udk jr‡Kyfxm;wmukd òrdifu bmrSrajymvdkayr,fh/ pmar;yGJawG qufrajz
wmukdawmh òrdifu pdwfraumif;jzpfonf? òrdifidkwJhae@ukd trSwf&vmjyefonf? wuUodkvf yHkEdSyfwdkuf
146
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

tkwfcHkpGef;rSmxdkif&if; ESif;jrLxJu pdrf;&ifhr_dif;ndKŒ opfwdkyif}uD;ukd òrdifu ai;awG=unfhvdk@ rcsifhr&Jjzpfae

onfhòrdifu æ armifu òrdifhtay:rSm acgif;rmonf[kqdkonf?“q,fwef;ajzzdk@ajymwdkif; pum;rsm;&
w,f?” wif;rmonfh pum;vHk;awGESifh &efawG@onfhòrdifhukd pdwfraumif;jzpfrdonf?
“òrdif æ armifhvufukdwGJzdk@ 0efav;ae+yDr[kwfvm;? txyfom;puf±HkxJu opfwHk;awG/
u&def;oHóud;awGeJ@ tvkyfvkyfae&wJh armifhvufawGukd b,fvufwGJcsifyghrvJ &ygw,fòrdif æ òrdifeJ@”
pum;rqH;k rDrmS yJ òrdiu f ol@Ew_ cf rf;ukd vmzdxm;onf? onfwek ;f u òrdiyhf g;jyifay:rSm rsu&f nf
pufawG pD;usoG,fqif;vdk@? ajrmufav±dkif;awG wdk@a0S@v_yfcwfoGm;wdkif; wa0ga0g atmfjrnf[pfaºuG;
aeonfh opfwdkyif}uD;vdk òrdifhrsufESmay:rSm r_dif;ndK@ndK@? òrdifhukd jyefacsmh&jyefonf? wuUodkvfukd
wufcsiv f @kd awmhr[kwb f ;l aemf? c&D;oGm;[efvJ$ avhvmzd@k twGuyf J ajzr,f? tuef@towf aESmifóud;
awG wnf;xm;wJhynma&;ukd tjyifuvnf; avhvmvdk@&wmyJòrdif æ vdk@ ajymawmh òrdifu tHh=opGm
armh=unfo h nf? òrdiaf jymaeusjzpfonfh armifu ody+f yD;acgi;f rmwmyJqo kd nfh t"dyg` ,yf gaomt=unf?h
òrdifhrsuf&nfpufawGukd okwfz,fypfawmhrS ol@ycHk;pGef;wGif òrdifu EGJ@rSDvmonf?
tvif;a&mifqdkI jrLr_efwpyifr&Sdonfh tarSmifwkduf i&Jcef;wGifae&pOf tawG;pdwfwGif
xkdodk@yif òrdifhukdjyefawG@&onf? ausmufovif; avSum;pGef;ay: jyefa&mufoGm;um òrdifeJ@ pum;ajym&
onf? tvkyfwzufESihf q,fwef;atmifonfhESpfrSm òrdifu wwd,ESpfodk@a&mufae+yD? onfwkef;u
trSwfw&yif æ òrdifóudufwJh tvSqHk; oif;jrESif;qDyGifhESpfyGifhukd yvyfpwpftdwfwGifxnfhum vuf
aqmifay;cJhonf? òrdifrSm uav;wa,mufvdk aysmfjrL;um “armif&,f æ aysmfvdkufwmuG,f” [k
xyfzefwvJvJajym&if;/ vnfwdkifukd odkif;zuf&if; [D;av;cdkvmonfh òrdifh±kyfyHkukd jyefawG@&pOf &ifxJrSm
eifv h monf? ,ckvkd twdik ;f rJ w h o wrf;wr_awGudk òrdiu hf dk ajymjycsiv
f u kd w f m? òrdief @J awG@csif vdu
k w
f m?
'%f&mawGeJ@ v_yfr&atmif rGausaewJhol@ukd òrdifaumæ araryg awG@vdkuf&&if æ ? 'gayrJh wif;}udwf
òyH;&if; tm;wif;xm;=uvdrfhr,f xifyg&JŒ?
wu,fu òrdifaum vGwf&JŒvm;? òrdif yJcl;rSmyJvm;? &efukefukd a&mufvmEkdifao;&JŒvm;?
ta&;awmfyHk}uD;xJrSm òrdifhtaz t&m&Sdvnf;yg0ifcJhonf? xdk@a=umifh &efukefrSyJcl;odk@ e,fajymif;a&$Œ
ypfvdkufonf? rdk;at;ESihf pdk;cspfwdk@a=umihf òrdifESihf rcifESif;wdk@tkyfpkawGyg 'kuQa&mufukef=u+yDvm;?
c%rSmyJ eH&Hukdtm;ðy&if; ±kef;x=unfhonf? vrf;w0ufrSmyJ t±kyfóud;jyuf yHkv#uf vJ=u
oGm;pOf olatmf+iD;onfh yJhwifoHukd oljyef=um;&onf? rD;avmifzkrS aoG;=unf&nfawGu ajcaxmuf
wav#mufvHk; pdkpGwfukefonf? y&d,m,fukd em;rvnfonfh/ ol&Jaumif;vkyfwwfonfh/ rdk;at;ESihf
pdk;cspfwdk@ukdyJ tjypfwif&rSmjzpfayrJh tjypfrwifcsifawmh?
ta&;awmfyHkumv taxGaxGoydwfarSmufawmh òrdifeJ@ywfouf+yD; ausmif;om;or*~u
rd;k at;/ pd;k csp/f ukv
d if;a0ESifh ukcd spaf tmifw@kd udk odu|r;f cJjh cif;jzpfonf? +yD;awmh yJc;l aumvdyu f rcifEiS ;f
ukdvnf; odcJh&onf? xdkpOfu txyfom;puf±Hku tvkyform;or*~ acgif;aqmifawGESihf òrdifwdk@
ausmifom;or*~ twlvufwGJcJh=uonf? ta&;awmfyHk}uD;onf taxGaxGoydwfrsm;. ESvHk;aoG;
ac|; rsuf&nfjrpfacsmif;wdk@ pD;qif;aygif;qHk&m r[mork'N&m}uD;yJ? tifrwef }uD;us,fcrf;em;onfh
r[mork'&N m? ppfzed yfatmufu vlxo k nf olw@kd .b0awGxrJ mS a&muf&adS eonfh a[mif;jrif;aqG;&d
aewmawGukd o,faqmifoGm;aeonfh rkefwdkif;awGyJ? ausmif;om;or*~/ v,form;or*~/ puf±Hk
147
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

tvkyf±Hktvdkuf tvkyform;or*~rsm;/ tdrf&Sifror*~rsm;/ ynm&Sifrsm;/ wuUodkvfESihf aumvdyf

q&mrsm;/ rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ txufwef;ausmif;rsm;/ vrf;ab;ae ajcovHk;tdrfwdkifor*~rsm;/
qdkufum;orm;or*~rsm;/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pktoD;oD; tzGJ@tpnf;awG/ or*~awG/ vlrsKd;pHk taoG;
ta&mifpkH twef;tpm; or*~aygi;f pHEk iS fh vlxt k oacFsyg0ifonfh vlxw k u kd yf aJG oG;rkewf ikd ;f xJwiG f yg0ifcyhJ kH
awGESihf vlv_dif;vHk;awGu pdwfrSm w&dyf&dyfay:vmaeonf? tiftm;wr#iftjzpf yg0if&if; =unfEl;pGm
idkcJhzl;onfhtjzpfukd owd&onfh ,cktckduftwefŒrSmyJ xyfI =unfEl;yDwdjzpfpGm idkcsifaejyefonf?
cspfcifav;pm;rdonfh ukdoufarmifajymovkd b0aygif; ukaÉukÉm zdEdSyfr_ xrf;ydk;atmufrS
vGwfajrmufzdk@/ zdacseif;xm;onfh ppftm%m&Sifpepfukd ±kdufcsKd; zsufodrf;ypfzdk@qdkwm b0awGukd
pGe@f vw $ &f rnf? tjrifjh rwfq;kH t&m[m tm%m&Sipf epf zsuo f rd ;f a&;twGuf awmfveS af &;ay:rSmaum/
tzdESdyfcH vlxkay:rSmyg opPm&Sdjcif;yJ æ? tJ'DrazmufjyefwJh opPmw&m;[m t&J&ifhqHk; opPmw&m;yJ?
tJ'DopPmw&m;ukd toufaoG;eJ@ vJ,l&wmavmuf *k%foduQm }uD;rm;jrifhjrwfwm bm&Sdao;vJ?
aojcif;tjyif bm&Sdao;vJ?
wuk, d vf ;kH emusiu f udk cf rJ a_ wG/ pdwef m=unf;r_u uko d ufarmif aºuG;a=umfvu kd w
f hJ yJw
h ifoH
xJwiG f aysmuf&u S ek of nf? wdu k yf x JG rJ mS &vmcJo h nfh ,ckcpH m;ae&onfh a0'emtwGuf nGwEf ;l auseyf
aerdor#/ apmapmu rmausmat;pufaeonfh pdw0f Od mOfonfyifv#if &deS ;f jrylaEG;vmaeonf? tarSmif
xJrSmyif rsufvHk;awGu 0if;yaernfxif&JŒ?
ukdoufarmifvnf; tzrf;cH&+yDvm;? òrdifESihf cifESif;wdk@aum tzrf;cHae&+yDvm;? jyifyt
a=umif;ukd bmrSrodjrif&awmh? tqufjywfae+yD? toufxif&Sm;jzifh i&JcHae&jcif;ukdyJ odawmhonf?
yOPrHawGar;wJh ar;cGef;awGxJu tajzawGukd vkduf&Sm&if; b,folawG tzrf;cH&Ekdifw,f? tzrf;rcH&
ao;bl;qdkwmukdyJ rSef;q=unfh±HkuvGJvdk@ wyftyf aocsmrodawmh?
rd;k at;ESifh pd;k cspw
f @kd uawmh aocsmayguf tzrf;cH&+yDqw kd m odvu kd +f yD? tzrf;cHc&hJ +yD; aemuf
wae@ yxrqHk; ppfaq;awmh 0g'jzef@csda&;pm&GufawGukd rdk;at;/ pdk;cspfwdk@ESihfqufpyf+yD; ar;vdkuf
uwnf;u olw@dk tzrf;cHvu kd &f +yq D w kd m odvu kd +f y?D yOPrw
H yft}u;D tuJu trSet f wdik ;f ajzzd@k ajymonf?
“vli,fqw kd m wcgawmh rSm;wwf rdu k wf wfwmaygæ h ,ckrif;vkyw f hJ 0g'jzef@csad &;vkyif ef;rSm rd;k at;eJ@
pdk;cspfwkd@ukd zrf;xm;w,f? olwdk@u 0g'jzef@csda&;vkyfcdkif;vdk@ wm0efay;vdk@qdk+yD; olwdk@uajymw,f?
olwdk@uawmh ±dk;±dk;om;om;eJ@ 0efcHoGm;=uw,f? 'Dawmh tzGJ@acgif;aqmifu rif;r[kwfvm;? rif;wkd@
aemufuG,fu acgif;aqmifuaum b,folvJ? rSefwJhtwdkif;ajz+yD; 0efcHvdkuf&if rif;oufomrSmaygh?
r[kwfbl;vm; ” yOPrHacgif;aqmifu taysmhaysmif;qHk;ar;onf? vli,fqdkwm wcgawmh rdkufwwf
rSm;wwfw,f[k ajymonf? tkyfpdk;zdESdyfaeonfukd qef@usifawmfvSefwm[m rdkufaewm/ rSm;aewm
r[kwfbl; qdkwmukd yOPrHacgif;aqmif;&JΠrsufESmudk aphaph=unfh&if; pdwfuajymaerdonf?
olar;wJh ar;cGef;aygif;rsm;pGmukd “u|efawmf 'gawGrodbl;” vdk@yJajzonf? xyfjyefwvJvJ
a0h0dkuf ar;jref;vmjyefonf? aemufykdif;rSmawmh “rodbl;” qdkonhfa0g[m&ukdyJ a&vJrygyJ ajzonf?
aemufar;cGe;f wckuawmh tda¹ErN ysu/f ±kyrf ysu&f atmif tvGet f rif; xde;f xm;vdu k &f onfh
ar;cGef;jzpfonf?
“awmxJu olyek af wGqu D ygvmwJh pm&Guaf wGudk cspaf tmifu rif;ukad y;w,fv@kd rd;k at;eJ@
148
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

pdk;cspfwdk@u azmfvdkuf+yD? tJ'Dpm&GufawG b,frSmvJ ”

wckawmh&Sdonf yOPrHwyfom;awG &&Sdxm;onfh owif;uvGJae+yD? bmyJjzpfjzpf oJvGefp
&xm;ae+yD? cspfatmifESifhvif;a0 vlcsif;vGJae+yDqdkwmukd odvdkuf+yDqdkuwnf;u touf±SL& acsmif
oGm;onf? pdwfxJrSm vufueJ òyH;vkdufrdonf?
ra&S;raESmif;rSmyJ aemufqHk;ar;cGef;u a&mufvmonf? xdkar;cGef;u aoG;a=umESvHk;tdrf
txd pdk;&drfwkefv_yfr_ukd wGef;jzef@vGwfvdkufonfhar;cGef;?
“ a[m'DrSm cifav;òrdif rif;ukda&;vdkufwJhpm”
Avmpm&Guf. pmrsufESmwjcrf;ay:rSm a&;xm;onfhpmukd a&SŒwnfhwnfh vmcsay;onf?
at;aq;wnf+idrfpGmESihfyif iHk@=unhfzwfvdkufonf?“xGef;eJ@tm;vHk;twGuf aiG(500)ay;vdkufw,f?”
òrdifhvufa&;yif jzpfonf? 'gayrJh vufrSwfa&;xdk;rxm;?
“xGef;awGu trsm;}uD;/ b,fxGef;ukd a&;wmvJrodbl;? 'DxGef;qdkwm usKyfr[kwfbl;?”
acgif;ukdESpf}udrf vSnfhcgjyvdkufonf? xkdpOfu &ifckefoHukd em;xJu jyef=um;ae&onf?
òrdifhudk ajy;jrifrdjyefonf? wc%rSm pdwftvsifu òrdif/ cifESif;/ pdk;cspf/ rdk;at;wdk@xHodk@ vSnfhajy;a&muf
aeonf? oufjyif;cswmutp wnf+idrrf u _ dk csKyfxed ;f odr;f qnf;xm;aomfvnf; &ifcek o f u
H em;xJrmS
pdwt f aqmufttHx k rJ mS yJw
h ifxyf jrnf[ed ;f vmaeonf? &ifxrJ mS arm=uyfvmaeonfudk txyfxyf
xdef;csKyfxm;&onf? wu,fhukd bmrSrod/ bmwckrS roufqdkif rywfoufawmhovdk wm0efr&Sd
ovdyk J rsuEf mS ay:rSm bmrSvm+y;D rxif&atmif xde;f csKyx f m;&onf? rsuEf mS [m pdw&f ŒJ rmwdumyJ æ vk@d
qdkayrJh pdwfrSmbmjzpfaew,fqdkwm rsufESmay:rSm zwfvdk@r&atmif/ ±_HŒrJ@wGef@vdrfoGm;wmrsKd; jzpfr
oGm;&atmif owdxm;&onf?
'kwd,t}udrfajrmuf ppfaq;wJhn[m i&Jjynfukd yxrqHk; t&Sifvwfvwf zrf;ykd@cH&wJh
nyJjzpfvdrfhrnf? yxrt}udrf ppfaq;onfhae@avmuf bmrS rwdk@rxdoavmuf 'kwd,t}udrfrSm
awmh ppfzed yfEiS fh vufo;D awG[m rd;k oD;rd;k ayguaf wG tuef@towfr&Sd w&pyf xdreS o f vdrk sK;d jzpfonf?
b,fESpfcsufvnf;/ b,fESpf}udrfvnf;qdkwm rrSwfom;Ekdifawmh? n (1) em&Du p+yD;ppfonf? reuf
(3)em&D xdk;avmufa&mufawmh n‡Of;yef;ESdyfpufr_awG pwifonf? w'dkif;'dkif; ajy;xGufvmonfh yOPrH
wyfom;. ppfzdeyfu ajrmufwufvm+yD; rsufESmay: wtm;aqmifhuefvkdufonhf xdkpuUef@up+yD;
i&Jjynfukd pwifa&muf&Sdonf? aemufw}udrf/ aemufw}udrf/ ,dkifoGm;onfh ajcaxmufukd qGJrwf
xm;&if; yOPrHwyfom;ukd pl;pl;&J&J pkduf=unfhaeonftxd owd&aeao;onf?
“rif;&JŒacgif;aqmifu b,folvJ/ b,frSm&SdvJ ”
“ æ æ æ”
“cspfatmif,lvmwJh awmxJu pm&GufawGaum b,frSmxm;vJ/ awmxJu b,ftzGJ@u
pm&GufawGvJ/ cspfatmif b,frSmvJ”
“æ æ æ ”
“òrdifqdkwm rif;wdk@tzGJ@uyJ r[kwfvm;? rif;&nf;pm;qdkwm [kwfvm;? pmu rif;ukda&;
vdkufwJh cifav;òrdif&JŒpm r[kwfvm;”
“æ æ æ ”
149
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

yOPrHwyfom; oHk;a,muf&JŒvufoD;awGu tqD;twm; uif;rJhvSpGm rsufESmay:odk@ tjyif;

txef usvmaeonf? =urf;jyifay:odk@ acGvJusoGm;onfukd qGJxl&if; ukvm;xdkifay: qGJwifonf?
oufrJh t&m0wˆKwckvdkyJ jzpfonf? ppfzdeyfrsm;. '%fukd rsufpdpHkydwfcHae&pOf t±SdKufodk@ ajy;aqmifh
vdu k o f nfph pfzed yfu touf±LS ±_u d af eonfudk &yfypfvu kd o
f nf? acGqif; vJòydusomG ;wmawmh trSeyf ?J
om;owform;awG 0dkif;+yD; trJzsufvdkufonfh trJaumifukd tusOf;cef; tarSmifwkdufxJ b,fvdk
jyefykd@vkdufw,fqdkwmawmif rodvdkufawmh?
em&Daygi;f rsm;pGm arhajrmoGm;w,fv@kd om rSe;f q&onf? b,fIb,fr# =umanmif; &Sn=f um
vSpGm arhajrmaeonfqdkwm rodEkdiftm;awmh? ESpfvtwGif;rSmyJ jzpfrSmbJvdk@ rSwfxif,l&onf/ xdk
umvtwGif;rSmyif t}udrfaygif;rsm;pGm i&Jjynfodk@ a&mufcJhonf? *kefeDtdwfxJ xnfhxm;+yD; a&ykyf
uefxJ cswJhae@uvnf; 'DvdkygyJ? a&ykyfxJypfcs/ jyefq,f/ cspfatmifukdar;onf? òrdifukdar;onf?
ar;+yD;om; ar;cGef;awG xyfwvJvJ ar;oavmuf/ xyfjyefwvJvJ bl;cHonf? a&xJypfcs/ rGef;=uyf
arhajrmoGm;rS ukef;ay: jyefwif/ ppfzdeyfESifh Adkufay:wufckefeif;/ a&ykyfawG yg;pyfu wbGyfbGyf tHxGuf
onftxd?
vlEiS rhf r#onfh n‡O;f yef;ESyd pf ufru_ dk cH&onfth cg aooGm;wmxuf qd;k 0g;yufpufwhJ emusif
rGe;f usyrf a_ wGudk cE<muk, d rf mS tjynft h ody&f vmwdik ;f pdw"f gwaf wGudk ta=umufw&m;awGu zsuq f ;D
òzdcsypfavh&Sdonf? &JabmfawGtay:rSm opPm&Sd&r,f/ tjrifhjrwfqHk;t&m[m t&J&ifhqHk; opPmw&m;yJ?
tJ'D opPmw&m;awGudk aoG;toufe@J vJ,&l r,f æ qdo k nfh pdw"f gwof nf wcgwcg ,dr;f ,dik of mG ;onf?
,dkifoGm;+yDqdk&ifaum æ cspfatmifukd azmfvdkuf+yDqdkonfESifh ta&SŒawmifbuf awmfvSefa&;a'oukd
ulo,facguo f ,f vly@kd ay;ae&onfh vif;a0/ aeatmifw@kd e@J rvGwaf wmhb;l ? olw@kd EiS @f twl òrid /f rcif;ESi;f
wdk@e,futzGJ@/ +yD;awmh ukdoufarmif? tJ'D &JabmfawGukd opPmrJhonfhrsufESm/ t&Suf owWduif;rJhwJh/
twW}uD;vSw/hJ ol&aJ bma=umifvw S hJ opPmazgurf suEf mS eJ@ b,fv=kd unf&h rvJ? +yD;awmh oef;av;q,f
jynfol æ
'Dxuf bmqd;k tH;k rvJ? aojcif;tjyif bm&Sad o;vJ? jyif;jypGm emusio f mG ;wm/ touf±LS &yf
oGm;atmif rGe;f =uyf ydwq f @kd omG ;wm/ aoG;a=umawG jywfxu G rf wwf/ OD;acgi;f wckv;kH tpdwpf w
d af =urG
oGm;avmufatmif emusOfcHpm;&wJh a0'emtjyif bm&Sdao;vJ? aooGm;&ifaum tJ'Daojcif;tjyif
bm&Sdao;vJ? bmrsm;&SdEkdifao;vJ? ppfzdeyfwcsuf tuefcHvdkuf&wdkif;/ eHygwfwkwfeJ@ eH±dk;awGay:/
oGm; awGay: jzwf+yD;v$Jcsvdkufwdkif; csKd+rdefvdkufwJha0'em/ cspfaom&JabmfawG/ jynfolvlxktwGuf
pdwf"mwf ukd }uHŒ}uHŒcH ckdifusnfxm;vdkufawmhrSyJ ra=umufw&m; pdwf"mwfawG[m jrifhrdk&fawmifvdk/
oHr%d awmif}uD;vdk rm;rwfcdkifusnfvmawmhonf? xGufouf0ifoufwkdif;rSm ESvHk;aoG;pufrsm;
pD;qif; ckefqif;usoHwdkif;rSm tJ'Dpdwf"mwfawGukd txyfxyf cdkifusnfatmif vkyf,l&onf?
wu,fv@kd rsm; axmifuxGuv f m&if òrdiu
f dk ajymjy&rnfv@kd owd&aewwfonf? pdw"f mwf
[m toufvdkyJ ta&;}uD;wJhta=umif; òrdifukd ajymjy&vdrfhrnf? wu,fvnf; aemufrqkwfawmh?
ESdyfpufr_awG/ n‡Of;yef;r_awG txyfxyfcH&av iz,fvdk rmvmavav/ opPmw&m;ukd cspfwufvm
avavyJ? &ifxJrSm/ pdwfxJrSm ,cktcg [pfaºuG; aerdwwfvm+yDvnf; jzpfonf? “opPmw&m;[m
toufxuf ta&;}uD;vmwJh tcgrSmawmh/ jrwfEdk;vmwJh tcgrSmawmh ESdyfpufn‡Of;yef;cH&wJh a0'em
150
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

tpkta0;awG[m csK+d rdev f mw,fa[h æ æ æ ”vd@k pdwx f uJ [pfaºuG;r_u wu,fvnf; tarSmifcef;

wckvHk; odrfhodrfhwkef yJhwifxyfoGm;onftxd txyfxyf aºuG;a=umf jrnfwrf;aerdonf?
ajcovHk; ndKo}uD;±kd;ay:ukd oH'vdrfhwHk;awGeJ@ em&Daygif;rsm;pGm tvdSrfhcH&wJhae@/ ,ckaemuf
qHk; za,mufwdkifrD;eJ@ rD;+rd‡Kuf/ &J&Jawmuf avmifu|rf;aewJh pD;u&ufrD;yleJ@ aygifwGif;om;awGukd
txdk;cH&wJhae@txd xdkpdwf"mwfudk prf;oyfcJhonf? ESpfvtwGif; tn‡Of;yef; tcH&qHk;awGxJu 'D
usOfpufukdawmh b,fawmhrS rarhEkdifawmhyg? "m;tpif;pif;/ rdk;óud;oGm;txyfxyf ypfcwfckwfjzwf
ovdk cH&wJh em=unf;pl;&Sw/hJ b,fuae toufxu G &f rSe;f rod&avmufatmif cHpm;&wJh a0'emawGu
,ckawmh tcsKd+rdefqHk; &ojzpfae+yDyJ?
apmapmu eH&Hukd tm;ðy+yD; ukef;±kef;x&if; t±kyfóud;jywf usoGm;pOfrSmyJ &SjrwJh vGefoGm;eJ@
xd;k qGxm;onfEh , S f pD;u&ufr;D avmifu|r;f '%f&mawGrS aoG;=unfjynf&nfzak wG aygu+f yJuek o f nfudk
jyefpOf;pm;=unfhrdjyefonf? onfxuf bmqdk;Ekdifao;vJ? ,ck toufrSefrSef±SLaeao;wmyJ?
aojcif;tjyif bm&Sdao;ovJ? wcgwav a0'emukd a&Smif&Sm;csifonf? arhajrmoGm;prf;yg/
aooGm;prf;ygqdk+yD; xGufajy;=unfhcsifonf? 'g[m wu,fawmh &ifqdkif&rSmukd a&SmifvGJ xGufajy;
wm[m tacsmifvu kd w
f myJ æ? olw@dk u a=umufatmifvyk w f ,f? wkev
f y_ f ajcmufjcm;atmif/ pdw"f mwf
usqif;aoqHk;oGm;atmif/ evefrxlavmufatmif/ tawG;tac:awGukd azmufjyef ysufjym;
oGm;atmifvkyfw,f? opPmazmuf azmfaumifvkyfcdkif;w,f? 'gukd &ifqdkif&r,f r[kwfvm;?
awmfvSefa&;orm;a[mif; OD;}uD;wa,mufu ajymbl;onf? rif;wdk@acwf vli,fawG[m
ppfzdeyfeJ@ wcgyJuef&w,f/ v#dK@0Suf zHk;uG,fxm;wmrSefor# wvHk;rusef az:awmhwmyJ æ qdkwJh
txifao; pum;vm;/ owday; pum;vm;awmhrod? ,ckawmh tJ'OD ;D }uD; ajymwmukd jyefajymvd@k &+yD?
tHukd}udwfcJ&if; ukd,fukd nmbufodk@ wajz;ajz; apmif;vSnfh=unfhonf? at;pufawmifhcJ
aeaom cE<mukd,fwckvHk;onf ukdufcJemusifaeonfh a0'emtqdkiftcJ}uD; jzpfaeonf?
“armifa& æ ukdxGef;cdkifa& æ òrdif 'Dbuftcef;rSm a&mufaew,f/ 'Dbuftcef;xJrSm
&Sdaeygw,f armif æ”
arS;pif;aeaom rsuv f ;kH awG vif;vufus,0f ef;oGm;onf?“òrid vf m; æ òrid rf [kwv f m; æ”vd@k
atmfvdkuftHk;rvdk@yJ? tm;,l+yD; owdESifh xdef;csKyfxm;vdkuf&onf? wu,fh òrdifyJvm;? vlukd,fwdkif
[pfatmfvdkufwmrsm;vm;? oHwdkifukd vSrf;qGJ&if; acgif;axmifxm;onf? [kwf&JŒvm;? r,Hkw0uf
,Hkw0uf? 'kwd,t}udrf yDyDoo =um;vdkuf&rSyJ òrdifac:aewmygvm;vdk@ twnfðy&onf? zswfceJ
òyH;vdkufrdonf?“'gyJvm; yOPrHwdk@&,f” vdk@ wdk;wdk;av;ajym=unfhonf? twkvkyfxm;wJh òrdifvm;?
wdyfacGeJ@ toHoGif;xm;wJh òrdiftwk&JŒtoHvm;? 'gyJjzpfrnfxifonf?
òrdifukd jyefawG@&onf? oufjyif;r#if;r#if;cspOfrSmyJ zswfceJ òrdifukd trSwf&pGm jyefawG@&wm
jzpfonf? wuUodkvf yHkESdyfwdkuft0if0 tkwfavScg;rSmxdkif&if; opfoD;tr$mawGukd E_wfcrf;csif;awh
cGH@au|;wJh òrdif±kyfyHk;awGukd pdwfrSmjyefjrif&onf?
wywft=umrSmawmh vrf;av#mufEidk af e+y?D tcef;usO;f av;bufe&H x H rJ mS wa&GŒa&GŒvrf;av#muf
&if;rS acgufwkH@acgufjyef av#mufvmEkdifonftxd txyfxyfóud;pm;&onf? pdwfukd wif;xm;&onf?
oHprG ;f atmif/ rmausmxufjrufvmatmif tawG;tac:ESihf vky, f &l onf? pdwx f J rSm±kyyf akH wGu wzsyf
151
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

zsyfay:vmvdkuf aysmufuG,foGm;vdkuf? tpGJvrf;qHk;/ a=uuGJ em;=unf;zG,f&m ±kyfyHkawGudkawmh

raysmufrysufEkdifyJ wa0h0J0Jjrifae&onf? òrdŒawmfcef;ra&SŒrSm zufqpfawG&JŒ aoewfajymif;0a&SŒrSm/
vHSpGyftzsm;rSm vJòydaeonfh aoG;tdkifxJu ausmif;om;vli,fawG&JŒ ±kyfyHkrsm;onf ,cktcg a&SŒrSm
a&mufvmaeonf?
“usr raoao;bl;/ usrukd rD;o+*õK[fpufxJ rxnfh=uygeJ@/ rxnfhygeJ@”wpmpmatmfoH/
u,fyg,yl g atmf[pf awmif;qdak eonfh toHawGu ol@&ifudk ajy;±du k yf whJ ifaeonf? zufqpf ppftm%m
&SifawGukd tHkºuGqENjy=uonfh omauwvlxk}uD; csDwufvmaepOf ok0Àomauw wHwm;topf
ra&mufrDrSmyJ zufqpfawGu v#Kd@0Suf uwkwfusif;awGuae ESpfzufn‡yf ypfcwf owfjzwfwJhae@u
vlxk av;&mh&Spfq,fausmf aoqHk;cJhwmawG/ raor&SifawGukd vHSpGyfeJ@xdk;+yD; tr_dufodrf;um;ay:
ypfwifcJhwmawG/ aoG;±l;aoG;wef;ESifh atmf[pfidk,kdoHawG æ? tdk æ qufrpOf;pm;csifawmh? rcHpm;
Ekid af wmh? 'gayrJh tr#irf jywfwhJ tawG;awGu vlx±k yk yf akH wGudk o,f,v l mcJjh yefonf? pdwrf mS xyfausmha0h0J
ay:vmonfukd wm;vdk@r&awmh?
Zmwd&Gmuav;odk@ tacgufacguf jyefoGm;wdkif; qif;&Jonfxuf qif;&JydwfarSmifvmonfh
±kyfyHkawG/ owfrSwf pyg;ra&mif;Ekdifvdk@ tcsKyfcef;xJa&mufoGm;wJh v,form;awG/ tcsKyfcef;rqHhI
ajr}uD;ay:rSmyJ tdyf/ [dkta0;}uD;u vmykd@cJh&onfh tdrfu iSufaysm&Gufxrif;xkyfukd &ifememESihf
ajzpm;cJh&onfh ±kyfyHkawG? xrif;&Sif aus;Zl;&Sif OD;}uD;rsm;[k ausmoyfoyf+yD; xrf;ydk;wifcdkif;cJhavor#
vdkcsifonfhpyg;ukd ra&mif;Ekdifonfh tcgwGifrSmawmh ausmay:uvnf; av#mcs? tcsKyfcef;xJodk@vnf;
yd@k cohJ nft
h jyif/ xrif;&Sirf sm;ukd xrif;weyfawmifrS jyefrau|;cJah wmh? tiwfxm;onf? tdru f vdu
k yf @kd onfh
xrif;=urf;cJudk tm;wif; tH}uw d pf m;cJ&h onfh v,form;rsm;rSm vHck snw f w kd 0kd wf/ carmufawG aqmif;xm;
=u/ rd@k armufv#w H ufaeonfh a'goawGEiS fh tHºk uq G ENjyyGx
J rJ mS ppftm%m&Sif pepfòzwfcsypfz@kd ajcaxmuf
awG[m 0ef}uD;±Hk;txd a&mufoGm;+yD/ 'Drdkua&pDukd aºuG;a=umf awmif;qdk&if;/ ppftkyfpkukd qef@usif
tHwk +cdrf;ajcmufEkdifcJhwmawG/ jynfwGif;u ppftkyfpk zdeyfatmufu trsKd;om; jynfolvlxktwGuf
umuG,cf ck aH y;aeonfh u&ifjynfe,f/ &Sr;f jynfe,f/ ucsi/f rGew f @kd &ŒJ =unfE;l 0rf;omzG,&f m wufºuGwhJ
aoewfoHawG æ toHawG ±kyfyHkv$mawGu puULrSefajymif;vSnfhovdk wzsyfzsyf w&dyf&dyfay:vmpOf
aoG;a=umxJrmS ylaEG;vmonf? vufudk wif;wif;qkyx f m;qJrmS &ifu wjznf;jznf; ckejf rnfvm+y?D &ifrmS
wv_dufvd_uf aEG;ylv_dufvJvmaeqJ æ ppfzdeyfeJ@ wHcg;ukd aqmifhuefzGifhvdkufonfukd vSrf;=unfhrd
v#ufom; jzpfoGm;onf? yOPrHwyfom; ESpfa,mufukd awG@&onf? jywfawmif; rma=umonhftoHESifh
olw@kd EiS v hf u
kd cf zhJ @kd trde@f ay;onf? &JabmfawG/ +yD;awmh oef;av;q,f jynfoal wG&ŒJ tiftm;awG/ olw@kd
cspfjrwfEdk;wJh opPmw&m;awG[m tonf;ESvHk;xJrSm ygvmcJh+yDyJ æ bmawG&ifqdkif&rvJ æ ?
wukd,fvHk; aoG;a=umawG aEG;yloGufvufvmonf? aemufxyf taqmifwckukd a&muf
vmonf? p}uFefwav#muf rD;tvif;a&mifu rSdefazsmhvSonf? taqmuftOD;awGu tarSmifxJrSm
bmrS roJuGJ? yOPrHwa,mufu ol@a&SŒu wa,mufu aemufuvdkufvmonf? taqmuftOD;
axmifhcsKd;wckukd ausmfvm+yD;onfESihf yxrqHk;tcef;odk@ 0ifvdkufvmcJhonf? xdk@aemuf pm;yGJwckrSm
0ifxdkifckdif;onf? n 10 em&D (odk@r[kwf) 11 em&D oHacsmif;xdk;oHukd =um;vdkuf&onf? em&DoHukd
vdkuf+yD; rrSwfEkdifawmh?
152
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

AdkufplplppfAdkvfu rsufESmcsif;qdkif xdkifcHkrSm 0ifxdkifvdkufonf? wcgppf/ wcgESdyfpufwdkif;/

yOPrHvufr&GHΠppfAdkvfawG[m rwl=u/ vlvJ+yD;ppfonf? ,ckppfAdkvfu aemufwOD;/ xl;jcm;csufwckukd
pm;yGJay:rSmawG@&onf? òrdifodyfóudufonfh ESif;qDyef;? oif;jreDapG;ESif;qDyGifhESpfyGifhukd jzLv$aºuGyef;tdk;
rSm xdk;pdkufxm;onf? oif;&eH@u wcsufwcsufwGif a0h0J a&mufvmwwfonf? vef;ºuGoif;=uL
ESif;qDESpfyGifhukd=unfh&if; òrdifhukdowd&vmonf? ppfAdkvfu cyf&JŒ&JŒòyH;&if; ol@ukdwcsuf pdkuf=unfhvdkuf
onf? r=umrDrSmyJ vufzuf&nfESihfrkef@yGJ yOPrHwyfom;wOD; vmcsay;onf?
“ukx d eG ;f cdik f aumfzaD omuf/ rke@f vpJ m;yg/ +yD;awmh a[m'DrmS pD;u&ufaomufyg? ” ppfAv kd uf
pum;ponf?
+yD;awmh ppfwyfu tm%modr;f cJ&h onfh oabmukad jymonf? pufr@_ wuUov kd f ausmif;om;
awG zJ±_H;vdk@ &efjzpf&mup+yD; qENjyyGJawG jzpfvmyHkukdajymjyonf? jynfol@wyfrawmf. wm0ef}uD;(3)
&yfukd &Sif;jyonf? zkef;armfESihfpdk;Ekdif aooGm;wmukd pdwfraumif;vdk@ qENjyyGJxJ ygvm=uwmjzpfw,f?
'gvJ c%ygyJ? +yD;awmhvnf; +yD;oGm;wmygyJ? tckqdk&if qENjyyGJrSm ygvm=uwJholawG[m Adkae+rJ
usm;ae+rJ at;aq;+idro f ufomG ;=u+yDq+kd yD; ajymonf? awmxJuolyek af wG[m vufeufuidk +f yD; pD;yGm;
a&;vkyfaewm/ tcsKd@ aomif;usef;olawGu z,f'&,fpepfukd awmif;qdkae=ua=umif;/ 'g[m rjzpfEkdif
a=umif;/ tJ'o D yl ek af wGxrJ mS ausmif;om; aomif;use;f olawGu oGm;+yD;rScD akd ea=umif;/ tm%m±l; ygwD
Ekid if aH &;orm;awGu wyfrawmfudk ao;odraf tmif vkyaf ea=umif;/ tm%m±l;awGjzpfwt hJ wGuf b,f
ygwD&JŒvufukdrS tm%mv$JIr&ao;a=umif;/ b,fygwDrSvnf; at;csrf;wnf+idrfatmif vkyfEkdifrSm
r[kwfvdk@ tm%m rv$Jwmjzpfa=umif; ajymonf?
a=omf æ 'Dn[m em;cs w&m;cswJhyGJukd; æ vdk@ pdwfxJrSm &,foGrf;ajymrdonf? a=u;pm;
vufr&GHΠyg;uGuftm%mom; ppfAdkvfukd=unfh&if; oem;aerdonf?
“b,fvdkvJ ukdxGef;cdkif/ usaemfwkd@&JŒ wyfrawmf oabmxm;ukdodyg+yDaemf? ukdxGef;cdkif&JŒ
oabm;xm;vJ ajymjyygt;kH ? tjrifcsi;f zvS,+f y;D wkid ;f jynftwGuf twlwv l ufwJG vky=f u&atmifv@kd yg?
aumfzDvnf; aomufygtHk;av? ”
oufjyif;ukd r#i;f r#i;f qGcJ svu kd of nf? tv#n H ;D nD; qlyuG af eonfh a'gorD;awmifudk wnf+idrf
atmif vkyfae&onf? ppfAdkvfu aomhcsufukd zGifhcdkif;ae+yDqdkonfukd odvdkufonf? tawG;rqHk;rDrSmyJ
xyfrH ajymckdifaeonf?
“usaemfhrSm tay;t,lvkyfzdk@ oabm;xm; vHk;0r&Sdygbl;? aemufwck xyfajym&&if tvkyf
orm; v,form;awG tygt0if jynfov l xl &k ŒJ ac|;awG/ aoG;awG ayuseH aH pmfaewJh vpm&dumQ awGukd
pm;aomufae+yD; tckvdkajymwm obm0rusbl;? ppftkyfpk&JŒvkyftm;eJ@ vpm&duQmukdpm;+yD;rSajym&if
ykd+yD; obm0usygvdrfhr,f/ rSefygvdrfhr,f? 'Dtjrifu usaemftjrif jzpf±Hkwifrubl; vlxkawG&JŒ tjrif
vJjzpfygw,f? ”
0ke;f ueJ xdik cf u kH adk &SŒukq
d +JG yD; ppfAv kd u
f jyifxikd v f ukd o
f nf? pm;yGyJ g v_ycf gomG ;ojzifh eDapG;apG;
ESif;qDyGifhESpfyGifhonf ,drf;v_yfoGm;onf? aomufckdif;ayrJh raomufyJxm;wJh yef;uefxJu aumfzD
awGvnf; abmifbifcwf vGifhpifv#Husukefonf? ppfAdkvfrSm v_yfv_yfcwfcwf jzpfoGm;&mrS axhaighaigh
òyH;vkdufonfhtòyH;wkd@onf rJarSmifaeonf?
153
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

"gwfyHkawGukd xkwfjyonf? wyHkcsif; xkwfjy&if;ay;onf? rdk;at;/ pdk;cspfwkd@jzpfaeonf?

+yD;awmh cspfatmif? puf±Hku tvkyform;or*~ qENjyaepOf olESihfwJG±kdufxm;onfh or*~acgif;aqmif
awG."gwyf ?kH +y;D awmh ausmif;om;or*~ a&SŒwef;rSm&yf+y;D aºu;G a=umfaeonfh òrid ±hf yk yf v kH m$ "gwyf ?kH ol@udk
odvm;vdk@ar;awmh ,cifenf;twdkif;yif jiif;vdkufonf?
“qENjyawmh ausmif;om;or*~ acgif;aqmifawGeJ@ qufoG,f+yD; qENjywmr[kwfvm;”
“tJ'DvlawGukd rodbl;? odwmu rqv ppftkyfpkukd oydwfarSmufcJhw,f? tJ'DrSm tvkyf
orm;wa,muftjzpf yg0ifcJhw,f? tJ'gyJodw,f? olwdk@eJ@odvdk@ oydwfarSmufcJhwmvnf; r[kwfbl;?
vlawGrmS bmrSajymcGirhf &bl;? vkycf enf;enf;av;ay;+yD; EGm;vdck ikd ;f wmukd uke;f ±ke;f vkycf &hJ w,f? rat
rkq;kd rESifh rdom;pkav;a,muftwGuf bmrS b0tmrcHcsurf &Sb d ;l ? b0u =uyfwnf;pkwcf sm&wJt h xJ
bmrSajymqdkcGifh/ wifjycGifhr&bl;? pum;awmif us,fus,f ajymcGifhr&cJhbl;? rw&m;vdk@/ rvGwfvyfvdk@
'Drukd a&pD vH;k 0r&Sad wmhv@kd oydwaf rSmufcw hJ ,f? zdEydS cf sKyfcs,x f m;wJh ppftm%m&Sipf epfudk tvkrd &Sb d ;l
vdk@ qENjycJhw,f? tJ'Dvdk 'Drdkua&pDukd rykdifqdkif r&&SdcJh=u&wJhvl[m jrefrmjynfrSm oef;av;q,f
eD;yg; &Sdw,f? tJ'DvlawGeJ@ oydwfarSmufcJhwm[m usaemfygyJ? b0csif;/ cHpm;r_csif;/ rawmfwq
oGm;wlae=uwm r[kwb f ;l ? zdEydS rf _ wckxaJ tmufrmS cHpm;&wmjcif; xyfwjl zpfae=uwm? "gwyf x kH uJ
vlyk*~Kdvf emrnfawGxuf oef;(40) eD;yg; vlxkukd usaemfodw,f? 'Drdkua&pDom &SdcJhr,fqdk&if ,ckvdk
axmifxJxnfh+yD; Oya'rJh n‡Of;yef;ESdyfpufp&mawmif vdkawmhrSmr[kwfbl;? tckvdk n‡Of;yef;wJh tcsKyf
axmifawGvnf; &Sdp&mta=umif; r&Sdawmhbl;? 'Drdkua&pDukd zGifhray;wJh AsL±dku&uf ppftkyfpkom
jrefrmjynf&ŒJ w&m;cHawGjzpfw,f? olw@dkudk cH±k ;kH wif+y;D cifAsm;wk@d usKyu f adk r;ovdak r;zd@k / ppfaq;zd@k aumif;w,f?
usaemfw@kd u oufaovkyyf grh ,f? 'grrS [kwf w&m;vdv k yk yf grh ,f? cifAsm;u w&m;ol}uD;vky+f yD; ppfaq;
=unfhprf;yg? ”
“a[haumif æ rif; æ cifav;òrid u f dk rodb;l vm;? wu,fyJ rodwmvm;? a[m'Dyef;td;k xJu
ESif;qDyef;[m rif;&nf;pm;òrdifu rif;twGufay;vdkufwmyJ? jyef&if ,loGm;ayawmh? rif;ukd òrdifu
ol@cspfol&nf;pm;ygvdk@ ajymxm;w,f? ”
vufr&GŒH yOPrpH pfAvkd u
f òrid u f dk xyfwvJvaJ r;onf? pum;rqH;k rDrmS bJ cyfvrS ;f vSr;f arSmif&yd f
wGif&Sdaeonfh yOPrHvufr&HGŒyg;uGufom;ukd vSrf;+yD;tcsufay;vdkufonf? r=umvkdufonfh c%rSmyif
olxHav#mufvmonfh ajcoHawGu eD;uyfvmae+yDqdkwm odaew,f? ol@ukd qGJac:oGm;awmhr,f/
trJzsufovdkrsKd; 0kdifzsufawmhrnf[k odvdkuf&onf? pdwfukd tm;wif;xm;vdkuf+yD;vnf; jzpfonf?
ajcoHawGu ol@a&SŒupm;yGJqDodk@ a&mufvm+yD? ppfAdkvfu xkdifckdif;vdkufwJholukd =unfhvdkufawmh òrdif
jzpfaeonf? rsufESmay:rSm tH=or_ wqHcsnfr#ifr# ay:aygufrvm&atmif owdESifhxdef;xm;qJ æ
“ óuHawmifóh uHcJ cifav;òrdief @J pum;ajymygt;kH æ cifAsm; jzef@a0cdik ;f wJh 0g'jzef@pm&Guaf wGudk
cifav;òrdifvufxJ xnhfay;w,fvdk@ rdk;at;u zGifhajym+yD;+yD? pm&GufawG a&mufra&muf ar;ygtHk;?
cifav;òrdifukd ar;ygtHk;? [dkwkef;xJu cifAsm;wkd@u cspfolawGyJqdkawmh æ ”
“ol@udk usKyfrodbl; ”
toHukd yHkrSeftwdkif; redrfhrjrifhbJ wkH;wdwd tajzay;vdkufonf? òrdifhukd zswfceJ vSnfh=unfh
vdkufpOf òrdifhrsufESmwckvHk; wukd,fvHk;ukd òcH=unfhrdv#ufom; jzpfoGm;onf? òrdifht=unfhESihf qHkoGm;
154
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

=uonf? òrdifhrsufESmay:u yg;jyifrdk@rdk@onfyifv#if yg;vsoGm;av+yD? tda¹ENrysuf +idrfoufat;aq;

atmif [efaqmifxm;wJh òrdifhudk=unfh&if; pdwfxdcdkufaerdonf? ,ck òrdifhudk ydkvdk@oabmus av;pm;
aerdonf? csD;usL;rdw,f òrdif&,f æ vdk@ pdwfrSm [pfóuH;rdonf?
“cifav;òrdif a&;wJph mxJu xGe;f qdw k vhJ el @J awG@ae+yDav? aiG(500) ay;vdu k wf m udx k eG ;f cdik f
&r& ar;ygtHk;av? ”
“usr ol@ukd rodbl;vdk@ ajymcJhwm[m tckxd rajymif;vJao;ygbl;?”
ppfAvkd u
f rsuEf mS wcsuf wGe@f omG ;onf? bmrSqufrajymawmhbJ tcsed af y;ovdrk sK;d apmifq h ikd ;f
aevdkufonf? c%=umrS trdef@ay;onf?
“bmrS ajymp&m r&Sad wmhb;l aygh [kwv f m;? uJ æ 'gjzifh aumif;+yaD v/ ac:oGm;=uawmha[h ”
òrdifu wcsufvSrf;=unfh òyH;&if;xGufoGm;+yD? ppfAdkvfu 'Dwcgawmh a'goawGudk xdef;vdk@r&
atmif qlyGufv#HxGufvm+yD; 0kef;ceJ x&yfvdkufonf? pm;yGJu ol@AdkufeJ@ndoGm;+yD; cg,rf;a&GŒoGm;pOf
ESi;f qDyiG ahf ºuGt;kd u =urf;jyifay:od@k vGiphf if arSmufusomG ;onf? ESi;f qDEpS yf iG u hf yef;td;k qDrS wae&mqD
uGJuGmvGifhusaeonf? tvSyef; eDvGvGESif;qDyGifhESpfyGifhukd twdwfpdrf; ayyJvm; æ cHpm;rdvdkufpOfrSmyJ
ppfAv kd u
f a'gearmxum pm;yGrJ x S u G cf mG oGm;pOf ppfzed yfu ESi;f qDyiG Ehf pS yf iG u
hf dk &Sywf udk f eif;acsypfco hJ nf?
[kdwcsyf 'Dwcsyf yGifhcsyfawGu usKd;a=uvGifhpifukefjyefonf?
c%rSmyJ ppfzed yfoaH wGu toGm;tjyef ±_yaf xG;oGm;onf? arSmif&yd u f ae w'dik ;f 'dik ;f eD;uyf
vmaom ppfzdeyfoHu ol@teD;odk@a&mufvmonfESihf t&mwcku t&Sdeft[kefjyif;xefpGm rsufESmay:
odk@ uef@vef@jzwfusvmonf? opf&Gufw&Gufvdk pm;yGJay:rSae olvGifhpifusoGm;pOf/ aoG;pufawGu
ESif;qDcsyfrsm;ay:odk@ pD;usonf?
,cifuvdkyJ jyefowd&onfh tcgrSmawmh“'gyJvm;” [k a=u;pm; yg;uGufom;rsm;ukd ar;
vdrrhf nf? vif;a0/ aeatmif/ cspaf tmifEiS fh uko d ufatmifw@kd [m ol@twGu/f vlxt k wGuf yk+d yD; tvkyf
vkyf=uvdrfhr,f? opPmysm;&nfpufawGukd ,ckvdkyJ n‡Of;yef;cHa0'emawGESihf vJz,f,l&rnfyJ? jrifhjrwf
csKd+rdefvSonfh a0'emawGukd cH,lzufayG@oGm;prf;yghr,f? 'gyJvm; æ a=u;pm;wkd@ ? 'gyJvm; æ
'DavmufyJvm; æ ppftm%m&Sifwkd@ ? æ ,ck tckduftwef@rSmawmh b,fES,fcsuf b,fES,f}udrf
ol@ay:odk@(ppfzdeyfawGu)xyfjyefwvJvJ æ tqifhqifh t}udrf}udrf zdESdyf&ufpufaeonfukdrl ol
rodEkdiftm;awmh æ ?

Ò Ò Ò

ZGefv 30 &uf/ 1991 ckESpf?

(0if;wifhxGef;vdk opPmysm;&nfpufawGudk zufwG,fcJh=uonfh tmZmenfol&Jaumif;rsm;odk@ )
1999 - ck '\eyef;cif;r*~Zif; trSwf(6)(7)?

155
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

ESi;f 0wf&nf
('D0wˆKukd tm&SwdkufvGwfajrmufa&; a&'D,dkXme (RFA)a&'D,dk toHv$ifhZmwfvrf; twGufom
&nf&G,f+yD; Zmwf!$ef;oabmtjzpf a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfw,f? ,ck bmrS rjyifqifawmhyJ 1999 ck ZGefv
xJwiG f (RFA)rS OD;cifarmifp;kd pDpOf xkwv
f i$ chf o
hJ nft
h wdik ;f 0wˆKwdt
k jzpf azmfjyvdu
k yf gw,f? pma&;ol)

usaemf a&mufvmwJh tcsdefrSmawmh Om%f v if ; &J Π&if x J r S m vnf ; aomuy&d a '0

ESif;0wf&nfukd rD;oò*õ[fzdk@twGuf toifhjzpfae rD;awmufrD;v#Hu w[kef;[kef; awmufavmif
=uonf? ESi;f 0wf&nfudk aemufq;kH awG@vw kd hJ twGuf ae+yDvdk@om cHpm;vdkuf&w,f? idkaºuG;oHESihftwl
vltkyfawG=um;xJuae wdk;a0S@ 0ifvmpOfrSmyJ ol@&if[m yGifhxGufoGm;+yD?
AdkvfOm%fvif;[m c&pf,mef orRmusrf; pmtkyf “nDra& æ ESif;0wf&nfa& æ nDrukd
ukzd iG +fh y;D &Gwzf wfaeonf? tjcm; c&pf,mefbmom tpfukd cGifhv$wfw,f? ukd,fh&ifxJrSm‘ESif;’qdkwJh
0ifESpfOD;uvnf; oleJ@twl vkduf+yD; &Gwfzwfae tukd@ZeD;[m xm0&&Sdaer,fvdk@ ajymvdkufyg&
=uw,f? ESif;0wf&nfu Ak'<bmom0if/ apmapm ap nDra& æ ESif;a& æ ”
uyJ o&%*k%w f ifc=hJ u+y;D +y?D usaemfu ESi;f 0wf&nf Adv
k Of m%fvif;ukd wGaJ c:vm+y;D rD;oò* [ õ f
ukd iH@k =unhaf e&if;u toHww d f pum;ajymaerdw,f? wJhae&meJ@ rvSrf;rurf; opfom;xdkifcHk &Sd&mqD
“ESi;f 0wf&nf&,f taoapmvdu k w f m? odk@av#mufvmcJh=uw,f? ol@rdwfaqG &Jabmf
rif;aooGm;wm[m igwdk@twGuf wefzdk;rjzwf aumif;jrwfe@J usaemf[m Adv k Of m%fvif;&JΠwzuf
EkdifwJh qHk;±_H;r_wckyJ? igwdk@&J cE<mukd,fawGxJu wcsufrSm 0ifxdkifvdkuf=uw,f? usaemfwdk@ oHk;
aoG;a=umwacsmif; jywfawmufomG ;ovdyk J cHpm; a,muf rD;awmufrD;v#HawG/ aumif;uifjymjym
&w,f ESif;0wf&nf&,f æ”vdk@om pdwfxJrSm xJ ajy;wufvmaewJh rD;cd;k wdrv f yd af wGukd ai;awG
a=ua=uuGJuGJ jrnfwrf;rdw,f? =unf&h if;u ud, k t
hf awG;eJ@u, dk f +idrof ufaerd=u
ormusr;f pmzwf+y;D onfEiS hf Adv k Of m%f w,f?
vif;[m xm0&cGcJ mG &awmhr,fh ZeD;onfEiS ;f 0wf&nf wu,fvkd@rsm; ESif;0wf&nf&JΠ0rf;=um
ukd aemufqHk; E_wfqufwJhtaeeJ@ ai;pdkuf=unfh wdkufrSm zatr&SdwJh uav;wpfa,muf ygrvm
w,f? Adv k Of m%fvif; rsuEf mS ay:rSm a=uuGrJ w _ rd &f yd f cJh&if æ wenf;ajym&&if ESif;0wf&nfrSm ukd,f0ef
awGu r_dif;ndK@vdk@/ rsuf&nfrdk;awGu ol@yg;jyifay: r&SdcJhbl;qdk&if æ usaemf[m [if;ueJ oufjyif;
uwqifEh iS ;f 0wf&nf&ŒJ rsuEf mS ay:ukd pD;usvmae wcsuf r_wfxkwfvdkufrdw,f? usaemfh&ifwGif;u
wmukd awG@&pOfrmS yJ Adv k Of m%fvif;eJ@ xyfwx l yfr# pdwftawG;iSufu a0;oxufa0;wJh olwdk@ ZeD;
usaemf qdk@eifhaerdw,f? c%t=umrSm pwif armifESH&JΠtwdwfukef;ajrjrifhqDodk@ ysHoef;aeyg
rD;oò*õ[fygawmhw,f? rD;awmufrD;v#HawGu awmhw,f æ?
ESif;0wf&nfukd òrd0g;avmifu|rf;vmcJhpOfrSm Adkvf Ð Ð ÐÐ
156
armifpdk;csdef
Adv
k Of m%fvif;[m [dpk Ofwek ;f u rqv
zuf q pf w yf u a=u;pm;wyf o m; wOD ; aygh ?
zufqpft&m&SdawG&JΠrw&m;r_/ ,kwfrmyufpuf
r_/ vlxktay: zdESdyf&ufpufr_awGukd wyftwGif;
rSm qef@usifykefuef&mrS ppfwyftcsKyfcef;xJukd
r=umc% 0ifcJh&olvnf;jzpfw,f? ta&;awmfyHk
}uD; ay:xGufvmcsdefrSmawmh vlxkbufu &yf
wnfzdk@twGuf qHk;jzwfvdkufygawmhw,f? awmf
vSefa&;e,fajrudk a&mufvmpOf u&iftrsKd;om;
awmfveS af &;wyfx0J ifcw hJ ,f? ausmif;om;wyfO;D
ay:vmwJhtcg ausmif;om;wyf&if;rSm 0ifa&muf
vmcJhw,f? ajymufusm; ppfwdkufpGrf;&nf tm;
aumif;xufjrufwm&,f/ uk, d u
hf siw
hf &m; aumif;
wm&,f/ rdrdawmfvSefa&;wyfukd OD;aqmifuGyfuJ
EkdifwJhtwGuf u&ifhawmfvSefa&;wyfrSmaum/
ausmif;om;wyfO;D rSmyg‘Adv k ’f tjzpf &mxl;wd;k jr‡ihf
ay;cJ=h uw,f? awmfveS af &;wyfwiG ;f rSm awmfveS f
a&;orm;wdik ;f u ol@udk cifrifav;pm;=u/ tm;uk;d
,Hk=unf=uw,f?
ol[m a&SŒwef;rSmyJ taersm;w,f?
AdkvfOm%fvif; a&SŒwef;ppfrsufESm a&mufaewkef;
rSmyJ aemufwef;wyf&if;uae ay;ydk@vdkufwJh ESif;
0wf&nf&ŒJ pmukd vufc&H &Scd w hJ ,f? cspw f hJ ZeD;onf
ESif;0wf&nfeJ@ &ufaygif;/ vaygif;rsm;pGm a0;uGm
aecJ&h mrS rar#mv f ifb
h J 'Dpmukd &&dv S u kd pf OfrmS awmh
AdkvfOm%fvif;&JŒ&if[m w'dwf'dwf ckefaeygawmh
w,f? tHh=or_/ xl;qef;r_wdk@eJ@ a&m,SufaewJh
0rf;om=unfEl;r_wdk@u ESvHk;aoG;ukd ckefjrnf
v_dif;x apcJhw,f?
tukdvif;
'Dpmukd rJaqmufuae a&;vdkufwm
jzpfw,f? rJaqmufukd a&mufaewm wv&SdoGm;
+yD? tukd b,frSm&Sdw,fqdkwm od&atmifvdk@
ar;jref; pHkprf;&if;u =umoGm;w,f? rJaqmufrSm
&yfwnf&rSm rvHkòcHbl;? pdwfrcs&bl;? odyf+yD;cuf
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
cJw,f? awmfveS af &;xJrmS yJ tuked @J vduk af er,f?
tukdeJ@twl awmfvSefa&;vkyfr,f? nDrukd tjref
qH;k vmac:yg? rJaqmufaps;xJu OD;rGe}f u;D xrif;qdik f
ukd qufoG,f&if nDrb,frSm&Sdw,fqdkwm od&
ygvdrfhr,f?
cspfwJhtukd&JŒ
ESif;
azazmf0g&D(20)/ 1992 ck?
aEG O D ; ayguf rk e f w d k i f ; ppf q if a &;xJ
a&mufaewJh AdkvfOm%fvif;[m ESif;0wf&nfxH
ta&mufroGm;Edik af wm?h aemufxyf oH;k vt=um
rSm ESi;f 0wf&nfxrH S pmwapmife@J ArmaiGEpS af xmif
a&mufvmjyefw,f? aemufwvt=umrSm aiG
ig;axmifeJ@ pmwapmif? aemufxyf wvt=um
rSm pdwfwdkwdkeJ@ a&;om;xm;wJh pmwapmifeJ@ aiG
oHk;axmif? ESif;0wf&nf ykd@ay;cJhwJhaiGa=u;[m
Ad k v f O m%f v if ; twG u f o mru awmf v S e f a &;
twGuf &JabmfawGtwGuf axmufychH w hJ hJ aiGa=u;
jzpfw,f? &JabmfawGtm;vHk;u ESif;0wf&nfukd
rjrifb;l ayrJh ol@pw d "f mwfe@J apwemukd av;pm;cJh
=uw,f? wu,fhukd aus;Zl; wifaecJh=uw,f?
b0 tvSnfhtajymif;[m wcgw&H
tHh=op&m aumif;vSw,f? =unfh æ AdkvfOm%f
vif; rJaqmufukda&mufvmawmh ESif;0wf&nfxH
a&mufvmjcif;r[kwf? rJaqmufaq;±Hkukd a&muf
vmcJhjcif;jzpfw,f? vufeuf}uD; usnfqHawGu
ajcaxmufawGrmS xdreS x f m;w,f? aoG;tm;enf;/
iSuzf sm;x/ owd&wcsu/f r&wcsu?f ESi;f 0wf&nf
u AdkvfOm%fvif; rJaqmufa&mufaewmukd
rodao;? Adv k Of m%fvif;ukd aq;±Hw k if+y;D wmeJ@ ol@
&Jabmfaumif;jrwfuawmh rESif;0wf&nfukd &SmyHk
awmf zGiyhf gawmhw,f? ESi;f 0wf&nfudk awG@r,fah wG@
awmh jynfhwefqm±HkrSm jynfhwefqmtjzpfom
awG@&ygawmhw,f?
157
 armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

ESif;0wf&nf rJaqmufa&mufvmwJh &Jabmfaumif;jrwfu Adv k Of m%fvif;ukd

aemufydkif;rSm òrdŒxJeJ@ cyfa0;a0;&yfuGufu ol@
rdwaf qG iSm;xm;wJh tdru f av;xJrmS ESi;f 0wf&nf
eJ@ ol@oil ,fcsi;f rapm,kw@kd xdik ;f ykvyd ef @J axmuf
vSrf;a&;ab;u uif;a0;&ef cdkuyfykef;atmif;
aecJh=uw,f? ta&;}uD;wJh udpP&SdrS òrdŒxJukd xGuf
=uw,f? òrdŒxJudk xGufvmzdk@qdkwm pGef@pm;cef;
wcky?J b,fvykd jJ zpfjzpf xdik ;f ykvyd ef @J w}urd rf [kwf
w}udrfawG@wmygyJ? ykvdyfu olwdk@aewJh tdrfukd
rSwx f m;yH&k w,f? wae@rmS ykvyd u f m;wpD; tdraf &SŒ
xdk;&yf+yD; ESif;0wf&nfeJ@ rapm,kwdk@ukd ykvdyfawG
u zrf;qD; ac:aqmifoGm;w,f? tdrfwtdrf&JŒ
tcef;xJrSm olwdk@ESpfOD;ukd avSmifxm;cJhw,f?
yk v d y f a wG wzG J z G J a &muf v m+yD ; t"rR u sif h } uH
zsufqD;=uawmhwmygyJ?
i&J}uD;&Spfxyf r[ma,m,k0rSm w
ywf=umcJh+yD;aemuf ykvdyfu olwdk@ESpfa,mufukd
xdik ;f vlrsK;d wa,muf&ŒJ vufxJ v$t J yfvu kd wf ,f?
xdkolu jynfhwefqm±Hkukd ac:oGm;+yD;/ vleJ@aiG
vJ,+l y;D olw@kd ux dk m;cJw h ,f? tJ'u
D p+y;D ESi;f 0wf&nf
eJ@ rapm,kwkd@[m onf;tlv_dufatmif cg;oD;
pufqw k w
f hJ jynfw h efqmb0ukd &&Scd ahJ wmhwmygy?J
AdkvfOm%fvif; aq;±HkrSm xlxlaxmif
axmifjzpfvmvdk@ oHk;ywft=umrSmawmh &Jabmf
aumif;jrwfu AdkvfOm%fvif;ukd ESif;0wf&nf
ta=umif; &ifziG jhf yygawmhw,f? rajymvd@k vrJ jzpf/
ESif;0wf&nfowif;ukd =um;&onfESifh AdkvfOm%f
vif;wa,muf ,rf;yHkrD;us a'goaygufuGJcJhyg
awmhw,f?
“usKyfESif;0wf&nfukd rkef;w,f? 'Dvdk
b0rsKd;ukd odyf&GHw,f? oleJ@bmrS rywfoufcsif
awmhbl;? usKyfbmrS owdr&bJ arharsmaecsdefrSm
ol@aiGeJ@0,f+yD; oGif;ay;cJhwJh aq;ykvif;eJ@ aq;0g;
awGudk usKycf E<muk, d x f uJ ae tckyJ jyefxw k yf pfcsif
w,fAsm? usKyb f mrS rywfoufcsiaf wmhb;l Asm æ”
158
ajzmif;zs ay;&jyefw,f? txyfxyf tcgcg em;cs
w&m;a[m&w,f?
“ESif;0wf&nfrSm bmrStjypfrSr&Sdbl;
AdkvfOm%fvif;/ jynfhwefqm jzpfcsifvGef;vdk@ jzpfcJh
&wmr[kwb f ;l ? t"rR wGe;f yd@k ccH &hJ vd@k jynfw h efqm
jzpfcJh&wm æ jynfhwefqmqdkwm w&m;cHawG
r[kwb f ;l As? jynfw h efqmb0 a&mufatmif wGe;f
yd@k aewJph epfuom w&m;cHjzpfw,f? jynfw h efqm
awGukd xkwfvkyfay;aewJhpepf/ vlvljcif; rw&m;
zdESdyf aoG;pkyfaewJhpepfukdom rkef;wD; pufqkyf
&rSm/ awmfveS w f ukd cf u
kd &f rSm? aemufwcku awmf
vSeaf &;orm;qdw k m ay;qyfoyl ?J toufuadk wmif
awmfvSefa&;rSm ay;tyfESif;xm;&ao;wm æ
EGHepfaewJh ukd,fhZeD;udk bmjzpfvdk@ bma=umifh
tepfemcH+yD; rjrwfEdk;Ekdif&rSmvJ? ay;qyfprf;yg
AdkvfOm%fvif;&m æ =urf;wrf;cufxefwJh b0
xJrSm wa,mufvufukd wa,mufu cdkifusnf
+rJ+rHatmif qkyfxm;&r,fAs æ 'gyJ”
aemufwvt=um Adv k Of m%fvif; aq;±Hk
uqif;vmvd@k tjyifa&mufvmwmeJ@ ESi;f 0wf&nfe@J
rapm,kukd jynfhwefqm±Hku qGJxkwfEkdifatmif
óud;pm;=uw,f? wu,fhukdyJ cufcufcJcJ óud;yrf;
cJh=u&w,f? vGefcJhwJhwvu jynfhwefqmw
a,mufuu dk ,fwifz@kd jynfw h efqm±Hu k dk vlEpS af ,muf
0ifa&muf pDESif;wdkufcdkuf&mu ±Hkykdif&SifeJ@ ±Hkapmifh
aocJhvdk@ txdwfwvef@ jzpfcJh=uw,f? tJ'D
tjzpftysufeJ@ wdkufqdkifaewJhtwGuf ykd+yD;cufcJ
oG m ;w,f ? awmf v S e f a &; tzG J @ tpnf ; awG e J @
ausmif;om;wyfOD;u wbufu aiGa=u;ay;/
tjcm;wbufu +cdr;f ajcmuf zdtm;ay;wJt h wGuf
olwdk@ESpfa,muf vGwfajrmufvmcJhw,f?
ay;qyf a e&wJ h awmf v S e f a &;orm;
Ad k v f O m%f v if ; [m ES i f ; 0wf & nf u k d o mru
ESi;f 0wf&nf&ŒJ 0rf;=umwdu k rf mS ygvmcJw h hJ uav;
armifpdk;csdef
ukdyg ukd,hftaoG;tom;eJ@rjcm; cspfae&ygawmh
w,f? ESif;0wf&nfrSm ukd,f0efav;v&Sdae+yD?
[k w f y gw,f ? zcif r &S d w J h Ad k u f x J u uav;t
wGuf AdkvfOm%fvif;[m zciftjzpfeJ@ tauseyf
qHk; ay;qyf&yfwnfcJhyg+yD? olwdk@ESpfa,muf&JŒ
b0[m at;csr;f pGm aygi;f pnf;oGm;=uavownf;
vd@k 0wˆKxJrmS vd/k ±ky&f iS yf wd u f m;ay:u Zmwfvrf;
xJrSmvdk tckavmufeJ@yJ ed*Hk;csKyfvdkuf&if b,f
avmufrsm; aumif;vdkufrvJvdk@ usaemf awG;cJh
bl;w,f? wu,fawmh b0qdkwm pdwful;,Of
tdyfrufr[kwfbl;? wcgwcg æ b0[m tdyfruf
xuf qef;=u,faewwfw,f? wlnw D hJ ,H=k unf
csuaf wGe@J olw@kd EpS af ,muf[m awmfveS af &;xJrmS
qufvufyg0ifcjhJ yefw,f?ESpaf ,mufpvH;k uvnf;
pGef@pm;a&;orm;awG? jynfwGif;ukd 0ifa&muf
xkd;azmufzdk@ ajratmuf v_yf&Sm;r_vkyfief;xJrSm
olwdk@ESpfOD;pvHk; wm0ef,lcJh=uw,f? tE W&m,f
acsmufurfyg;&JΠE_wfcrf;ay:rSm v_yf&Sm;av#muf
vSrf;cJh&wmrdk@vdk@ toJ,m;xdwfvef@p&m t
aumif;om;? vHkòcHa&;twGuf ,cktcsdeftxd
zGiahf jymjyzd@k rjzpfEidk w
f thJ wGuf olw@kd EpS Of ;D b,fvkd
v_yf&Sm;cJhw,fqdkwm usaemf rajymvdkawmhyg?
aocsmwmuawmh u&iftrsK;d om; awmfveS af &;
tzGJ@eJ@ ausmif;om;wyfOD;&JΠta&;}uD;wJhwm0ef
awGukd pGef@pGef@pm;pm; olwdk@aqmif&GufcJh=uw,f?
olwdk@ESpfOD;ukd zufqpf axmufvSrf;a&; rsufcHk;
ay:rSm p}uFefav#muf=u olawGtjzpf usaemf
awmh csD;usL;av;pm;vdk@rqHk; jzpfrdw,f?
aemufqHk;t}udrfuawmh ykdvdk@euf±_dif;
cufcJwJh ajratmufv_yf&Sm;r_? 90 cka&G;aumufyGJ
rSm tEkid &f cJw h hJ jynfo@l u, dk pf m;vS,af wGudk vGwf
ajrmufa'oukd xGuv f mEkid af tmif vrf;cif;ay;wJh
v_yf&Sm;r_/ olwkd@ZeD;armifESH&JŒ óud;yrf;tm;xkwfr_
eJ@ }uD;rm;wJh pdw"f mwfceG t f m;awGudk usaemf&h ifxJ
rSm armfuGef;xdk;xm;rdw,f?
aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;
tif;av æ uH=urRmqd;k u 0ifcsiaf wmh
æ ESif;0wf&nf&JŒukd,f0ef ckESpfvjzpfvmpOfrSmyJ
ajratmufv_yf&Sm;r_ukd &yfvdkuf=uw,f? aemuf
xyf ajratmufvkyfief; v_yf&Sm;r_wck vkyfukdif
v_yf&Sm;&ef jyifqifqJ tem;,lvdkuf=uw,f?
aemufESpfywft=umrSm ESif;0wf&nfwa,muf
tdro f mxJrmS acsmv f +J yD; rJaqmufaq;±Hu k dk a&muf
vmcJw h ,f? tJ't D jzpftysuu f olrb0 vrf;qH;k
ukda&mufoGm;atmif wGef;ydk@ay;vdkufwJh uH=urRm
qdk;ygyJ? uav;ysufusvdk@ aq;±Hka&muf+yD; 3 &uf
t=umrSmawmh ESif;0wf&nfukd,fwdkif =um=um
rae&awmhb;l qdw k m odomG ;yg+yD? aor,f&h ufrmS
aoyef;yGifhvdkufwJh rdef;uav;? E_wfqufpum;
awGukdom u&m;a&vGwf wwGwfwGwf ajymae
ygawmhw,f? AdkvfOm%fvif;rsufESmukd awGawG
=unfh&if; æ ,k,=uifemr_udk cH,l&if;u olr
rsufESmay:rSm rsuf&nfrdk;pufawGu pD;usvdk@ æ?
“tukd æ rdEiS ;f ukd cGiv hf wG yf gaemf? rdEiS ;f
b0rSm pGe;f xif;cJw h hJ tjypfawGudk cGiv hf wG yf gaemf æ”
“pum;rajymygeJ@ rdESif;&,f æ pum;
ajym&if ykd+yD;awmh armr,fnDr ”
“rdEiS ;f rae&awmhb;l qdw k m odae+yD æ
tukdeJ@ cGJ&awmhr,f? tukdeJ@ ae&r,fhtcsdef/
pum;ajym&r,ft h csed f eJeaJ v;&Sad wmhw,f? tudk
eJ@usr toufawG}uD;wJhtxd twlwl aeoGm;
=ur,fv@kd ,=kH unfxm;wm æ at;at;csr;f csr;f eJ@
vHkòcHwJhb0rSm aecGifh&r,fqdk&if æ tukd@vufukd
wGJ+yD; qHjzLoGm;usKd;wJht&G,ftxd tudkeJ@usr
rcGrJ cGm aeEkid =f urSmyJv@kd ar#mv f if,h =kH unfxm;wm
æ tckawmh ar#mfvifhcsufa&$awmif}uD; òydus
oGm;yg+yD? ESif;wkd@b0awG ysufpD;a=urGatmif
zefwD;cJholawGukd em=unf;rdw,f tukd&,f æ
tckawmh tudk@ukd nDrxm;cJh&awmhr,f? tukd
wa,mufxJ usef&pfcJhawmhr,fæ nDr r&Sdawmh
ayr,fh ,Hk=unfcsuftwdkif; qufvkyfyg? tukd@
159
armifpdk;csdef aoG;yifv,fEiS fh tjcm;0wˆKwdrk sm;

ab;em;rSm/ tudk@&ifxJrSm æ nDr&Sdaer,faemf æ tukd”

ESif;0wf&nf&JŒ aemufqHk;rdepf puUef@awGtxd olwdk@ESpfa,mufESifhtwlæ aq;±Hkvlem
ukwifab;rSm usaemf &SdaecJhw,f? ESif;0wf&nf&JŒ E_wq f ufvrG ;f csi;f oHudk &ifxrJ mS =um;ae&qJrmS yJ æ
“uJ æ q&mwdk@oGm;=updk@ ? rD;oò*õ[fvdkŒ +yD;oGm;+yDav æ vm æ jyef=updk@”
&J a bmf aumif ; jrwf u td r f j yef = uzd k @ qd k + yD ; pd w f t awG ; uk d yk w f c wf v _ y f E _ d ; vd k u f p Of
AdkvfOm%fvif;eJ@twlxdkif ae&muae usaemf rwfwwf&yfvdkufayr,fhvdk@ awG;vufptawG;wcku
r+yD;qHk;ao;? rD;oò*õ[f wJhae&mqDukd wcsufvSrf;=unfhvkdufrdw,f? rD;awmufrD;v#HawG/ rD;cdk;
wdrfvdyfawG[m rsufpda&SŒrSmyJ aysmufu, G o f mG ;ovd/k ESi;f 0wf&nfvnf; urBmajray:uae aysmufuG,f
oGm;cJhyg+yD? vlqdkwm arG;+yD;&if ao&rSmyJ? 'g[m obm0 ed,mr w&m;vnf;jzpfw,f? 'gjzifh
arG;zGm;jcif;eJ@ aoqHk;jcif;t=um;rSm b0ukd b,fvdk&SifoefoifhovJ/ b,fvdkaooifhovJ? usaemfh
&ifxJrSm urŠnf; a&;xdk;wifxm;cJhwJh ESif;0wf&nf[m tJ'Dar;cGef;&JŒ tajzyJ jzpfvdrhfr,fxifyg&JŒ?

Ò Ò Ò

({+yvD (4)&uf/ 1999 ck naeykid ;f (7)em&DrmS ausmo f uf(rGetf rsK;d om;)&JΠtdrf w,fvzD ek ;f vdik ;f uae
(RFA) a&'D,dkZmwfvrf;udk pDpOf xkwfv$ifhay;cJhwJh OD;cifarmifpdk;xH 'DZmwfvrf;ukd ay;ydk@cJhw,f?
yxrt}udrf Zmwfvrf; toHoGif; pOfu ESif;0wf&nftjzpf rrif;rif;axG;i,f/ AdkvfOm%fvif;
tjzpf armifausmfouf (rGeftrsKd;om;)/ &Jabmfaumif;jrwftjzpf armifpdk;csdef/ Zmwfvrf;a=umif;
jyefajymjyol pma&;oltjzpf aumif;jrwfwdk@u toHjzifh o±kyfaqmif=uw,f? aemifwGif RFA
tr_xrf;rsm;eJ@ o±kyaf zmftoHoiG ;f um xkwv f i$ chf w
hJ ,f?)

{+yDv (4) &uf/ 1999 ckESpf?

eHeuf(3; 35)?

160