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Chemical Composition of the Cement

pproximate Oxide Composition Limits of Ordinary Portland

A
Cement
Per cent content Oxide
CaO
6067
SiO2
1725
Al2O3
3.08.0
Fe2O3
0.56.0
MgO 0
.14.0
)Alkalies (K2O, Na2O
0.41.3
SO3
1.33.0

:



: Compound composition of cement

Alite, Belite, Celite and Felite

C4AF

,C2S ,C3A ,

C3S

)C3S = 4.07 (CaO) 7.60 (SiO2) 6.72 (Al2O3) 1.43 (Fe2O3

)2.85 (SO3
)C2S = 2.87 (SiO2) 0.754 (3CaO.SiO2
)C3A = 2.65 (Al2O3) 1.69 (Fe2O3
)C4AF= 3.04 (Fe2O3

:



-:Tricalcium Silicate(C3S)-1

- hydration

%50

.
(Cao) lime

Lime
.

C3S

Lime

C3S
C3S+H2O-----CaSiO2+Ca(OH)2

Dicalcium Silicate(C2S) - 2

28

.MPA



)Strength

)(C3S

C2S
(

%
-

) SiO2
) .( SiO2

C3S

:



-:

) (C2S
C2S+H2O-----CaSiO2+Ca(OH(2

-:

)C2S = 2.87 (SiO2) 0.754 (3CaO.SiO2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tricalicum Aluminates(C3A) -3

Compressive strength

.


) (CaO,SiO2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(C4AF)Tetra calcium alumina ferrite - 4

.Ferro calcium sulfate

Gypsum

.



) (SiO2)Silicate

)C4AF= 3.04 (Fe2O3

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

:



-:

-:

-:

: ) (CaCO3

-
.

Zone 4: 0 - 35 min, 800 - 1100oC heat

CaCO3 CaO + CO2

) (SiO2

)Dicalcium Silicate(C2S

Zone 5: 35 - 40 min, 1100 - 1300oC

2CaO + SiO2 2CaOSiO2
-: Dolomite-

.%-

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Free lime( Cao)-

Zone 4: 0 - 35 min, 800 - 1100oC heat

CaCO3 CaO + CO2

Compound composition C2S

Zone 5: 35 - 40 min, 1100 - 1300oC
2CaO + SiO2 2CaOSiO2

C3S

Compound composition

heat + time
2CaOSiO2 + CaO 3CaOSiO2

CaO

heat + time
3CaOAl2O3 + CaO + Fe2O3 4CaOAl2O3Fe2O3Fe2O3
.C4AF

Compound composition

)%

(-

MgO

-:

Gypsum

CaO

Ca(OH)2

CaO

Ca(OH)2

CaO

Ca(OH)2

.
)fineness

Soundness Test
Autoclave Test - 1
Le Chatelier - 2

-: Autoclave Test -

ASTM

(mm(25*25*250

Paste

Autoclave

215.5C

20.9kg/cm2

Autoclave
.

,MgOCaO

0.8%

Ca(OH)2

:



Le Chatelier - 2

W/C,

Standard consistency

Mould

30mm


30mm

past

Mould

135mm

gauge

needle

10mm
needle

:



Silica (SiO2) -3

Clay

Limestone

Clay

Compound Composition

Unreacted silica

Insoluble residue

Unreacted silica

.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Alkalis-4

Agregate

.)%

(,1.34, 4.0

Sulfer trioxide (SO3)-5

So3

)
(.

:



5%

C3A

2.5%
5%

C3A

2.8%
-:

So3

Gypsum
-
Gypsum

CaSO4.2H2O----CaO+SO3+H2O

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Water (H2O) -6

Griding Process

Gypsumcliker

CaSO4.2H2O------Cao+SO3+H2O

CaSO4.2H2O

CaSO4.2H2O----CaSO4. H2O+1.5 H2O

) Cao(Free Lime

) Cao(Free Lime

Ca(OH)2

Compound

) (LOL Test

.....

%.

Name of Compound Formula Abbreviated Formula

Tricalcium silicate 3 CaO.SiO2 C3S

Dicalcium silicate 2 CaO.Sio2 C2S
Tricalcium aluminate 3 Cao.Al2O3 C3A
Tetracalcium aluminoferrite 4 CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3 C4AF
The Oxide Composition of a Typical Portland Cement and the
Corrosponding Calculated Compound Composition.
Oxide composition Calculated compound composition
Per cent using Bogues equation per cent
CaO 63
C3S 54.1
SiO2 20
C2S 16.6
Al2O3 6
C3A 10.8
Fe2O3 3
C4AF 9.1
MgO 1.5
SO2 2
K2O
Na2O

:



Addition of Gypsum
Gypsum

Gypsum
Calcium Sulphoalumin

C3A

) (InisialSetting Time

CaSO4.2H2O+C3A-------C3A.3CaSO4.30 H2O
CaSO4.2H2O+C3A-----C3A.CaSO4.12H2O

()

Fineness of cement

cm2/gm or m2/kg

-:

)
(

:




-:

-
.

....

( .(Shrinkage

-
C3A

Gypsum

-
% .
.

Concrete

-:

:



-1 -:

Tension

Steel



.

__________________________________________________________
-:

-
.

-
.

:



.

:



Hydration of cement & Heat of Hydration
.

,C2S

.C3S

C3S,C2S

CaO,SiO2

Alite ,C2S

C3S
Belite

C3S

2C3S + 6H C3S2H3 + 3Ca(OH)2

100 + 24 75 + 49

C2S

) Ca(OH

.

Ca(OH)2

2 C2S + 4 H C3S2H3 + Ca (OH)2

:



100 + 21 99 + 22

C3A

C3A + 6 H C3AH6
100 + 40 140

.


C3S

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