Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip

Trang 1
B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG..






LUN VN

Tnh ton v thit k
ngun n p xung





















Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 2

Chng I:
GII THIU CHUNG V N P DC
I. L THUYT C BN V N P
- Chc nng ca mi n p DC v bin i in p vo DC ( mt chiu)
thnh in p ra DC xc nh , n nh v duy tr in p khng i trn mt
tm rng ca cc iu kin in p vo v dng ti. thc hin vic ny, mt
n p thng gm c.
1. Phn t chun cung cp mt mc in p ra n nh bit trc
(V
REF
).
2. Phn t ly mu ly mu in p ra.
3. Phn t khuch i sai bit so snh mu in p chun v to ra tn
hiu sai bit.
4. Phn t iu khin bin i in p ra thnh in p ra mong mun
khi iu kin ti thay i v c iu khin bng tn hiu sai bit.
- Mc d mch tht s c s thay i, nhng c 3 kiu n p c bn l: n p
ni tip, song song (shunt) v xung (cn gi l giao hon hay ngn on). Nhng
4 thnh c bn iu c c 3 kiu n p .









Hnh 1.1 S khi ca mt ngun n p c bn
II.CC THNH PHN CA N P
1. Phn t chun.
-Phn t chun l nn tn ca tt c cc n p v in p ra c iu khin
trc tip bng in p chun V
REF
. Nhng bin i ca in p chun qua
khuch i sai bit s lm cho in p ra thay i theo. c c s n nh
nh yu cu, phn t chun phi n nh, i vi mi bin i ca in p ngun
v cc nhit tip xc c nhiu k thut ph bin c th dng gii quyt cc bi
ton thit k dng IC n p.
Phan t
i eu khi en
Khuech ai
sai bi et
REF
i en ap vao i en ap ra on nh
Phan t
chuan
o
Phan t
l ay mau

Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 3
2. Phn t ly mu.
-Phn t ly mu gim st in p ra v i n thnh mt mc in p
bng in p chun khi in p ra ng. Khi n c s thay i in p lm cho
in p cho in p hi tip ln hn hay nh hn in p chun. Hiu s in p
ca in p chun v in p ly mu dng iu khin n p lm cho n c
p ng thch hp v ng vi yu cu.
3. Khuch i sai bit.
-Khuch i sai bit ca n p dng so snh in p hi tip vi in p
chun. N cng khuch i mc sai bit li mch iu khin a in p ra
v mc t trc.
4. Phn t iu khin.
a. Ni tip:

Vo=Vs -IL.Rs

b. Song song:

Vo =VI-(IL+Is).Rs


c. Xung:

Vo =Vs
Tof f + Ton
Ton



Cu hnh ca phn t iu khin
- Tt c cc phn t gii thiu trn hu nh khng i i vi cc
mch n p. Tri li th phn t iu khin thay i theo n p s thit k. -
Ngi ta da vo phn t ny phn loi n p ni tip, song song hay n p
xung(switching).
II. PHN LOI N P.
1. n p ni tip
- n p ni tip c tn l ni tip l da vo phn t iu khin, n p
ny phn t iu khin mc ni tip vi ti. Phn t iu khin thng l mt
transistor v n c chc nng nh mt in tr thay i c(Rs). Tch s ca Rs
Rs
Vs Vo
Rs
R
I s

Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 4
v dng ti IL lm cho sai bit in p vo ra(Vi-Vo) thay i v in p ny b
chnh cho in p vo v dng ti thay i.
- n p ni tip c bn c minh ha nh hnh v sau:



Vo =Vref(1+R1/R2)


Vi :Vref l in p chun

- Bt li c bn ca n p ni tip l: Cng sut tiu th ca n ph thuc
vo dng ti v sai bit in p vo ra. Cng sut tiu th s tr nn ng k khi
dng ti tng hay hiu s in p vo ra tng.
2. n p song song.
- n p song song dng linh kin tch cc mc song song vi ti v iu
khin dng din qua n b cc bin ng ca cc in p vo hay cc iu
kin ti thay i.
- n p song song c bn dc minh ha nh hnh v sau:






Vi -V
ref
: in p chun
-IL: dng ti
-I
shunt
: dng qua phn t iu khin
-Khi dng IL tng, Ishunt gim iu chnh st p qua Rs. Theo cch
ny th Vo gi khng i.
-Vo=VI-Is.Rs
-Vi Is=IL+Ishunt
-Vo=VI-Rs(IL+Ishunt)
Rshunt: biu din in tr tng ng ca phn t iu khin.

Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 5
*u nhc im:
-Mc d n p ny thng thng t hu hiu hn n p ni tip hay n p
xung, nhng i vi mt s ng dng n li c li. n p song song t nhy vi
nhng bin i tc thi ca in p vo, n khng phn nh nhng bin i nht
thi ca dng ti tr v ngun.
3.Cc vi mch n p DC tuyn tnh.
-Cc vi mch n p DC tuyn tnh c s dng rt rng ri do nhng u
im ca n nh :Tch hp ton b linh kin trong mt v kch thc b, khng
cn s dng hoc ch s dng thm mt vi linh kin ngoi to mch hon
chnh, mch bo v qu dng, qu nhit c sn bn trong vi mch Mt trong
nhng lai vi mch n p DC tuyn tnh thng dng l h vi mch 78xx ( n p
dng) v n p 79xx(n p m) c ba chn. Ty theo hnh dng v, cc vi mch
n p ba chn c th cung cp dng t 100mA n 1A v cho in p ra c nh
nhiu gi tr khc nhau tng ng vi m s:
-Dng mch in dng vi mch n p ba chn.




-Trong Ci c thm vo khi vi mch t xa ngun chnh lu v lc
n nh in p ng vo; Co lc nhiu cao tn.
-Tuy nhin vi mch hot ng tt th in p ng vo ti thiu phi cao
hn in p ng ra 2V. y l mt gii hn ca vi mch n p tuyn tnh

4.Ngun n p xung
-S minh ha nguyn l hat ng ca ngun n p xung.








-Khi cng tc h, nng lng tch tr ban u trong mch lc c cp
cho ti.Khi in p trn ti gim dn n lc ng ra mch so sng i trng thi,
cng tc ng li. Dng in t ngun vo Vs cung cp nng lng cho ti v
78XX
( 79XX)
V I
V
o
Co Ci
Tai
K
sai
lech
So
sanh
Vref
I s
I o
Vo
Vs
Cong tac
(transistor)
Mach loc
( LC )
+
-
+
-

Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 6
tch tr trong mch lc. Do VL tng, lm ng ra mch so snh o trng thi
m cng tc. Tng t khi dng ti tng, mch so snh s iu khin cng tc
trong thi gian lu hn so vi thi gian m cng tc duy tr in p ra n nh;
ngc li, thi gian cng tc m s lu hn thi gian ng khi dng ti b.
-Phn t iu khin (transistor) ni tip li dng trong ngun n p xung
hot ng ch ng ngt nn cng sut tiu tn rt b so vi transistor li
dng ngun n p tuyn tnh phi dn in lin tc, nht l khi in p vo ln
hn in p ra. Do hiu sut ca ngun n p xung (khong 85%) cao hn
hiu sut ca ngun n p tuyn tnh. Vic chon transistor li dng v ta nhit
cho n i vi ngun n p xung s n gin hn nhiu so vi ngun n p tuyn
tnh, vi cng mc cng sut ra ti
-Trong thc t, cng tc transistor c iu khin bng mt ngun dao
ng tn s c nh, c chu k nhim v D=
T
Ton
c iu bin bi in p ng
ra mch so snh. Tn s ng m c nh ca cng tc transistor cho php ti u
ha cc thnh phn lc, gim c gn sng ng ra. Tn s dao ng c th
t vi Khz n vi chc Khz, ty theo p ng ca transistor li.
-Ngy nay, ta c nhng loi MOS v BJ T cng sut ln c p ng cao
hn 500Khz, nn c th tng tn s dao ng cao hn gim c kch thc
mch lc ng ra.

















K
sai
lech
Tai
Mach chnh
lu valoc
Tao song
rang ca
Khoa
BJT
ien ap
chuan
Mach loc
( LC )
Ve
V
I
Vc
V
L
+
Ve
Ton
T
Vosc
Vc

Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 7
-S khi minh ha ca mt ngun n p xung iu khin bng tn s
c nh.
-Khi so snh va khuch in p sai lch thc hin vic so snh in p ra
Vo vi in p chun Vref to ra tn hiu Ve. Tn hiu ny cng vi in p hnh
rng ca Vosc do b to sng to ra (c fo=1/T) c so snh vi nhau trong
khi iu khin rng xung to ra chui Ve dng iu khin s ng m ca
kha transistor.
-Khi Vosc >Ve, tn hiu mc cao(Ton).
-Khi Vosc<Ve, tn hiu mc thp(Toff).
T=Ton+Toff
T: chu k ng ngt
Ton: thi gian ng
Toff: thi gian ngt.
-Nh vy khi in p Vo c khuynh hng tng hoc dng ti b, in p
Ve tng, th Ton gim. Do , kha transistor s tt trong thi gian di hn, khin
Vo gim xung.
-Khi Vo gim hoc dng ti tng, Ve gim th Ton tng.
Kt lun: T nhng u im phn tch trn ca n p xung, nn ta
chn kiu n p xung thit k mch n p 5V/10A; -15V/3A;+15V/3A vi
mc ch l s li dng c nhng u im .

Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
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Chng II:
NGUN N P XUNG

A. LINH KIN NG NGT
-n p xung thng c s dng hai linh kin bn dn ng ngt thng
thng nh: thyristor (SCR), transistro cng sut hay transistor trng.
I. ng ngt bng SCR
-S bt l khi dng linh kin ng m bng SCR l chng ta iu khin
c hai qu trnh kch khi v ngt ca SCR. V vy lm phc tp thm trong qu
trnh iu khin v hn ch vic nng cao tn s.
-Theo nguyn l SCR s t duy tr trng thi dn in sau khi c kch.
Mun SCR ang trng thi dn chuyn sang trng thi tt th phi cho IG=0 v
in th VAK=0v. SCR c th tt c th thi gian VAK=0 di. Vy phi
c thm thi gian tt SCR.
- SCR dn in trong trng hp in th VAK thp th phi c dng
in kch cc G ca SCR. Dng IG min l tr s dng kch nh nht iu
khin SCR dn v IG min c tr s ln hay nh ty thuc cng sut ca SCR.
Nu SCR cng ln th IG min cng ln.
-Vi:
-t
off
=t
It =0
+t
off SCR

-t
It
=0: thi gian dng gim xung 0
-t
off SCR
: thi gian tt SCR.
-t
off
: thi gian t lc tc ng n SCR tt
*Cc phng php ngt:
a. Ngt ngun in p VAK ra khi SCR (cch ny thng khng c s
dngv phi tn hao nng lng ngt, tc lm vic chm)
b. Gim dng qua SCR xung di gi tr dng duy tr IH (phng php o
lu p)
c. o cc tnh in p cp cho AK.
II. NG NGT BNG TRANSISTOR.
-C nhiu lai BJT trn th trng t nhng BJT Ge,Si, n BJT darlington
rt tt, chng thng lm mt s cng vic nht nh
-Khi chn la chng ta phi ch n ch hat ng ca chng nh: n
p cao, tn s giao hon cao, dng in cao. Ngoi ra cn phi ch v gi thnh
ca chng.

Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 9
- ng ngt cc mch in t ngi ta dng cc kha in t. Cc kha
ny c hai trng thi phn bit.
-Trng thi ng (trng thi dn bo ha)
-Trng thi ngt (trng thi tt).
Vic chuyn i trng thi ny sang trng thi kia l do tc ng ca hai tn
hiu iu khin ng vo, ng thi qu trnh chuyn trng thi c thc hin
v mt tn s nht nh.
-c tnh lm vic ca transistor ch ng ngt.










Min bo ha I, min ct II.
- m bo cho BJT nm trng thi tt th VBE<V
-V: in p m







-Ic=ICBO c gi tr rt b
-IE =0 ti im B
-Ti im B in pUCE=0 nn cng sut tiu hao P=Ic.UCE cng rt
nh.Ti A Ic=0 nn Pc cng sut b.
-Khi dim lm vic di chuyn t A in B v ngc li,trn ng
ti,trong vng tch cc III,tt nhin cng tiu hao cng sut.song thi gian
chuyn dich rt ngn .

V
BE
I
B
0 V


Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 10
*iu kin transistor tin su vo trng thi bo ha
|.IB > Ic
*Xung nhn tc thi Ibtrong khong thi gian ng ngt cn ko di t
2% n 3% thi gian dn.










-Khi chn transistor lm vic tng cng sut kha ng m, ta ch cc
c tnh sau :in p ngc 100 n 1500V ,dng in thun ,thi gian chuyn
mch. (tn s chuyn mch).
-Kha ng m c th dng mch ghp 2 transistor nh mch ghp
Dalington hay transistor MOS.
*Kt lun:
-B ngun switching dng tansistor cng sut tn s cao lm phn t ng
ngt ngi ta hay dng nht.Bi v n d tm trn th trng ,p ng tn s cao ,
gi thnh khng cao.Vy trong phn thit k ta chn linh kin ng ngt bng
transistor .
III. CC PHNG PHP IU CHNH
-Nh kho st trn ,n p xung dng phn t iu chnh in p ra,
nn trong lc iu chnh linh kin s dn bo ha hay tt dng v p qua n ph
thuc ti .
-Nh vy chng ta ch c th iu khin 2 thng s l tn s v rng
xung .
-Thay i rng xung, tn s c nh.
-Thay i tn s, rng xung c nh.
-Thay i c tn s v rng xung.
1.B n p switching thay i rng xung, tn s c nh.
(Phn ny c gii thiu chng I ,mc III.4.)
2.B n p switching c rng xung khng i, tn s xung thay i.

Transistor Transistor
Xung nhon I
I
Dong nh ngc I
Bmin
B
B
ngat dan


Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 11
-Thay i tn s ny ty theo in p ngun v dng in qua ti, gim
bt nhng tn tht qua transistor v trong bin p th tn s ny khng c di
vi Khz.Mch in ny n gin nhng kh lc dc cc gn sng u ra. V
vy trong thc t t dng.








Trong :
-VC0:dao ng c iu khin bng in p
-n n:Khi c xung iu khi mch n n cho ra mt xung c rng
xung c nh ri tr v trng thi ban u.
-Tn s xung ca mch n n c thay i do xung kch t VCO. Thi
gian dn ca transistor c xc nh bng thi hng ca mch n n v c
gi c nh.y l loi mch cho php iu chnh c lp tn s xung i vi
rng xung.
3. B n p switching thay i c tn s v rng xung.
-y l b n p t kch ,trn nguyn tc t dao ng cc iu kin tc
ng vo c tn s v rng xung ca mch.









Gii thch :B khuch i sai lch chnh l mch so snh in p ra (qua
in tr R3) vi in p chun . Khi in p ra ca b n p gim, mch so snh
s m transistor (transistor dn) v khi in p ra tng b khuch i so snh s

Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 12
ngt transistor giao hon. Do tc ng ca vng hi tip s iu chnh s bin
thin hai thng s ny n nh in p ra.
*Tng qut b n p switching to ra s thay i b rng xung tng ng
vi s thay i in p vo cha iu chnh.
*Nhn xt: Nu ta yu cu cht lng cao v tn s n nh trnh cho
nhng linh kin b lc phi ln (v tn s danh nh tt m phi ln hn nhiu
ln tn s li m y l tn s bin thin khng bit trc c)
*Kt lun:
Qua vic kho st cc phng php iu chnh trn v vi cc u khuyt
im ca n. Ta chn phng php iu rng xung, gi tn s c nh d chn
linh kin p ng yu cu tn s.
B. I IN MT CHIU RA IN MT CHIU (Converters)
-Trong nhiu trng hp ph ti cn in mt chiu t ngun in
mt chiu, mt in p hay dng hiu sut thit b l mt iu phi quan tm.
-Thit b i in mt chiu ra in mt chiu c lp rp, theo
nhiu s rt a dng. Nhng ta ch cp n mt s s c bn: Buck,
Boost, Buck - Boost.
V cc dng khc nh: Flyback, Forward, Push - Pull (y ko) Half-
Bridge (na cu), Cu (Full - Bridge)
I. S BUCK.







* S Buck
- DCK : Transistor ngt dn lm vic iu ch rng xung
( iu ch xung )
Control circuit : khi iu khin transistor.
- L : cun cm khng tch ly in nng.
- C : T in tch ly in nng
- D
sb
: Diode san bng dng, gip cho dng in qua L lin tc khi
dng in cung cp qua transistor CX khng lin tc.
Vo
Cv C R
i
Dsb
Vo
L
1
T=Ton+Tof f
DCX Vs
Cont r ol
ci r cui t
i
DCX

Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 13
- V
s
: Ngun in mt chiu ng vo.Ngun ny c th l mt b
chnh lu, do cn c t in Cv va lc va tip nhn nng lng t ph
ti tr v. V b chnh lu khng nhn c dng tr v.
- Mch ny s c ni ngay sau bin p ngun. T s ta c th
thy rng mch ny kh n gin.
- Khi transistor dn, ngun in s chy mt cch trc tip n u ra.
in p ny cng phi qua cun dy . Khi transistor ngt, dng lu tr trong
cun lm cho diode phn cc thun v cho php dng tr v ti.
- Mi chu k lm vic gm 2 giai on :
* Giai on 1: D < t < Dt






D : H s chu k hay t s thi gian dn ( duty cycle) trn thi gian
lm vic T =
f
1
l chu k ng ngt, f l tn s ng ngt thng vo khong
10KHz 100KHz. D
sb
phn cc nghch, khng dn.
-in p L l : V
L
=V
s
- V
o

V
L
=V
s
- V
o
=
dt
di
L
L

- Vy i
L
bin thin tuyn tnh theo thi gian ny lng tch ly vo R,C
cung cp cho ph ti.
i
L
= +

t
L
Vo V
S
. I
Lmin

-I
L
tng t I
Lmin
n I
Lmax
trong thi gian oT
i
L
=
L
V - V
O S
t +I
Lmin
=i
DCX






L
Vo
C R
Vs
i
+
+
- -
.
.

L
DT T
0
t
V - V
D
i
i
t
t
T DT
T DT
S
0
l
CX
Dsb
i = i
1 Dsb
i = i
Dsb
1
L
i
V

Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 14





I
max
- I
Lmin
= -DT (2-1)
Giai on 2: DT < t < T





-DCX ngng dn, nh c D
sb
nn i
L
vn lin tc v D
sb
dn :
V
L
=-V
o
=L
-i
L
gim t I
Lmax
I
Lmin
trong thi gian :
T - DT =( 1 - D ) T theo hm s
I
L
=-
L
Vo
( t - DT ) +I
Lmax
=i
DSb

I
Lmin
- I
Lmax
=AI
L
=- ( 1 - D ) T ( 2 - 2 )
-i lng tng dng bng i lng gim dng :
Cng (2-1) v (2-2) =>V
0
=D.Vs vi D =
T
Ton

T
T
on

Ta c : I
o
=
R
V I I
L L 0 min max
2
=
+
( 2-3 )
Vy : I
Lmax
=DV
s
|
|
.
|

\
|

Lf
D
R 2
) 1 ( 1
vi f =
T
1

I
Lmin
=DV
s

|
|
.
|

\
|

Lf
D
R 2
) 1 ( 1

-iu kin c dng lin tc l I
Lmin
=0
Dsb
. .
.
.
- -
+
+ Vs
R C
Vo
L
Dsb
i
DCX

Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 15
Vy : L = (1-D )
f
R
2

-in p gn sng AV
r
c tnh nh sau :
-Trong na chu k C c np thm in lng :
AQ =
2 2 2
1
min max
T
x
I I
L L
|
.
|

\
|
(2- 4 )








-Cng trong na chu k t in C phng ra cng 1 in lng.
Vy : AV
o
=AV
c
=
( )
(

T
C
I I
L L
.
8
min max

-Thay T =
f
1
v ( I
Lmax
-I
Lmin
) = ( 1 - D ).T
AV
o
=
( )
2
0
2 0
. 8
) 1 (
8
1
f LC
D V
C
T D
L
V

-Hoc : AV
0
=
2
. 8
) 1 ( .
f LC
D D V
v

( 2-5 )
-Dng gn sng : Ai
L
=
f
L
V
0
( 1 - D ) (2-6)
* Ch tiu cc linh kin :
- Transistor DCX :
-V
DCXmax
=V
s

-I
DCXmax
=
Lf
V D D I
s
2
) 1 (
0
+

- Diode D
sb
:
V
Dsbmax
=V
s


0
t
0
U
DT DT /2
T
U
t
(I + I )/2
L max L mi n
V
0


Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 16
I
Dsbmax
=
Lf
V D D I
s
2
) 1 (
0
+

I
Dbstrung bnh
=(1-D).I
0
(2- 7)
II. S BOOST
-Cc ch tiu linh kin tch ly in nng l L v C, ng ngt in l
transistor DCX, D khng cho dng t C phng v ngun Vs

. Mi chu k lm
vic gm 2 giai on :





S Boost
* Giai on 1 : O < t < DT
- DCX dn, D phn cc nghch nn khng dn V
L
=V
v
=L
dt
d
iL
; in nng
tch ly vo L, C vn cp in cho ti.
-











*Giai on 2.
-DCX ngng dn, i
L
vn lin tc do D dn vo ph ti, L phng in vo
ti.


.
L
.
. .
-
-
+
+ Vs
R C
Vo
DCX
D

DT
DT
C
i
S
DT
DCX
DCX
i i
L
i
=
=
i i
DCX
DCX
i
L
Lmax
2
S T
T
T
T
t
t
Lmin
I
t
t

i
Vo
Cont r ol
ci r cui t
i
DCX
-
+
R
C
Vo +
-
L

Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 17



V
L
=V
s
- V
o
; V
o
>V
s

i
L
=I
D
=
L
V V
O S

(T - DT ) +I
Lmax
(2-8)
-i
L
gim t I
Lmax
I
Lmin

I
Lmin
- I
Lmax
= ( T - DT )
-Nn ta c : V
0
=
D
V
s
1
vi O<D<1 (2-9)
-Trong thc t V
r
khng ln hn 5V
v

-Cng sut vo =
2
1
[ I
max
+I
Lmin
] V
s

-Cng sut ra :
R
V
o
2

-Cn bng cng sut vo vi cng sut ra :
Ta c :
2
1
[ I
Lmax
+I
Lmin
] V
S
=
R
V
2
0
(2-10)
-T (2-9) v (2-10) :
Ta c : I
Lmmax
+ I
Lmin
=
2 2
) 1 (
2
D R
V
S

(2 - 11)
-T (2-8) v (2-11) ta c : I
Lmin
=
2
) 1 ( D R
V
V

-
Lf
D V
S
2
.
( f =
T
1
)
I
Lmax
=
2
) 1 ( D R
V
V

+
Lf
D V
S
2
.

-iu kin dng lin tc :
I
Lmin
=
2
) 1 ( D R
V
S

-
Lf
D V
S
2
.
= 0
L =
2
) 1 ( .
2
D D
f
R

- tnh c in p gn sng AV
0
hay dng in ti t lc C
-in lng np thm vo t in C l AI
r
bng in lng phng ra nui
ph ti, coi dng gn sng ti ph ti AI
r
khng ng k so vi Ai
L


Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 18
Vy : AV
0
=AV
C
=
C
Q A

AQ =I
o
.DT
AQ =
Rf
D V
DT
R
V
o
= .
0
( 2-12 )
Vi D : h s chu k , D =
T
T
ON

f =1/T : Tn s ng ngt
Vy : AV
0
= D
RfC
V
C
Rf
D V
o
o
. =
* Ch tiu cc linh kin :
- Transitor DCX : V
DCXmax
=V
S
+ V
o

I
DCXmax
=
Lf
DV
D
Io
S
2 1
+

- Diode D : V
Dmax
=V
S
+V
o

I
Dmax
=
Lf
DV
D
Io
S
2 1
+

( 2 -13)
-I
D trung bnh
= I
o
( 2 -14 )

III. N P BUCK - BOOST
-n p Buck - Boost cung cp mt in p ng ra m c th thp hn
hay ln hn in p ng vo. Cc tnh in p ng ra ngc vi in p ng vo.





S Buck Boost
*Mch hot ng c chia lm 2 giai on.
- Giai on 1 : Transistor Q
1
dn v diode D
m
b phn cc ngc. Dng
ng vo tng v chy vo cun cm L, Q
1

- Giai on 2 : Transistor Q
1
ngt , nng lng tch tr trong L v dng
cun cm ng tuyn tnh t I
2
n I
1
, trong khong t
2

Vo
C R
+
-
D
c
V
V
m D
i
i
1 =Vo
+Vs
L
Q
s
I
i
1
Cont r ol
ci r cui t
Vo
- -
L, L

Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 19
Vo =-L
2
t
I A
=>t
2
=
Vo
L I. A

AI =
L
t Vo
L
t V
S 2 1
. .
=
-Thay t
1
=DTv t
2
=( 1 - D) T
-in p trung bnh ng ra :
Vo =-
D
D V
S
1
.
( 2-15 )
-Vi D l h s chu k
-Gi s mch khng tn hao : V
S
I
S
=V
O
.I
O
=V
S
.I
a
. D/ ( 1 - D )
-Dng trung bnh ng vo : I
S
quan h vi dng trung bnh ng ra I
O
:
I
S
=Io. D
-T : Chu k ngt dn
T =
O S O
L
S
L
V V
Vs Vo L I
V
I
V
I
t t
f .
) ( . 1
2 1
A
=
A

A
= + =
- V dng gn sng nh nh : AI =
) (
.
0
S O
S
V V fL
V V

AI =
L f
D V
S
.
.

- Dng x trung bnh ca t I
C
=I
o

-V in p gn sng nh- nh ca t l :
AV
C
=
C
Iot
dt I
C
dt I
C
t
O
t
C
1
0 0
1 1 1 1
= =
} }
(2-16 )
Hay : AV
C
=
C f V V
Vo Io
S O
. ) (
.

AV
C
=
C f
D I
O
.

- u, nhc im chung ca 3 loi : Buck, Boost, Buck - Boost convertes.
* u im :
-C ba converter u khng s dng bin p nn din tch chim ch ca
b ngun nh.
*Nhc im :
-S phn hi ca in p n nh ng ra chung DC vi s phn hi ca
ng vo DC cha lc. Nhng v ngi s dng thng cn c in p DC ng

Nguyn Vn c L un vn t t nghip
Trang 20
ra n nh th hai m phi c cch in DC vi in p ng ra n nh th
nht. V vy kh c th thit k c nhiu ng ra cho b ngun.
IV. PUSH - PULL CONVERTER
Mch Push - Pull nh s sau:
- N gm 1 bin p T
1
vi nhiu cun th cp N
S1
, N
S2
, N
m
v mt mch
iu khin rng xung bng in p DC. Cc ng ra in p V
S1
,Vs2,
Vm v ly tn hiu phn hi v t V
m
. Ton c iu chnh ngn chn s thay
i ti hay ngun cung cp.























- Khi transitor dn th in p di ca mi na cun s cp gim xung
V
ce(sat)
khong 1V. V th khi c hai transitor dn th in p vung c gi tr V
dc
-
1

Vce(Q )
I c(Q )
2Vdc
I c( Q )
Vce(Q )
1
1
2
2

Vs2 =Vdc(Ns2/Np)2Ton/T
Vm=Vdc(Nm1/Np)2Ton/T
Vs1 =Vdc(Ns1/Np)2Ton/T