4s-1 Reliability

William J. Stevenson
Operations Management
8
th
edition
4s-2 Reliability
CHAPTER
4s
Reliability
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Operations Management, Eighth Edition, by William J. Stevenson
Copyright 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
4s-3 Reliability
Reliability
Reliability: The ability of a product, part,
or system to perform its intended function
under a prescribed set of conditions
Failure: Situation in which a product,
part, or system does not perform as
intended
Normal operating conditions: The set
of conditions under which an items
reliability is specified
4s-4 Reliability
Probability that the product or system will:
Function when activated
Function for a given length of time
Independent events
Events whose occurrence or
nonoccurrence do not influence each
other
Redundancy
The use of backup components to
increase reliability

Reliability is a Probability
4s-5 Reliability
Rule 1
.90
.80
Lamp 1 Lamp 2
.90 x .80 = .72
4s-6 Reliability
Rule 2
.90
.80
.90 + (1-.90)*.80 = .98
Lamp 1
Lamp 2 (backup)
4s-7 Reliability
Rule 3
.90
.80
.70
1-[(1-.90)*(1-.80)*(1-.70)] = .994
1 P(all fail)
Lamp 1
Lamp 2 (backup for Lamp1)
Lamp 3 (backup for Lamp 2)
4s-8 Reliability
Example S-1 Reliability
Determine the reliability of the system shown
.98 .90
.90
.92
.95
4s-9 Reliability
Example S-1 Solution
The system can be reduced to a series of three
components
.98
.90+.90(1-.90) .95+.92(1-.95)
.98 x .99 x .996 = .966
4s-10 Reliability
Failure Rate
Figure 4S.1
Few (random) failures
Infant
mortality
Failures due
to wear-out
Time, T
F
a
i
l
u
r
e

R
a
t
e

4s-11 Reliability
Exponential Distribution
Reliability = e
-T/MTBF
1- e
-T/MTBF
T Time
Figure 4S.2
4s-12 Reliability
Normal Distribution
Reliability
0 z
Figure 4S.3
4s-13 Reliability
Availability
The fraction of time a piece of equipment
is expected to be available for operation
Availability
MTBF
MTBF MTR

MTBF = mean time between failures

MTR = mean time to repair
4s-14 Reliability
Improving Reliability
Component design
Production/assembly techniques
Testing
Redundancy/backups
Preventive maintenance procedures
User education
System design