.

, . ,
,
. ,
.
, .
,
.
,
, ,
,

.
, ,
.

................................................................................................................. i
......................................................................................... ii
............................................................................................... iv
............................................................................................... iv
.......................................................................................................... vi
.................................................................................................................. vii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................viii
1

............................................................................................................... 1
1.1

................................................................................................ 1

1.2

......................................................................... 1

1.3

................................. 2

.......................................................................... 3
2.1

........................................................................... 3

2.2

........................................................................ 4

2.3

................................................................... 7

................................................................................. 11
3.1

3.1.1

...................................................................................... 11

3.1.2

.......................................................................... 12

3.1.3

...................................................................... 13

3.1.4

................................................................................. 14

3.2

..................................................................... 18

3.2.1

................................................................... 18

3.2.2

..... 19

3.2.3

...................................................... 27

3.2.4

................................................. 28

3.2.5

................................................................ 28

3.3

.................................................................................. 11

......................................... 31

3.3.1

.................................................................................. 32

3.3.2

ArcGIS............................................................ 32

............................ 34
4.1

..................................................................................................... 34

4.1.1

................ 34

4.1.2

..................................................... 39

ii

4.1.3
4.2

.............................................. 51

4.2.1

............................................................................................... 51

4.2.2

............................................................................................... 55

4.2.3

................................................................................... 61

4.3
5

................... 42

......................................................................................... 64

68
5.1

.................................................................................... 68

5.1.1

................................................................................ 68

5.1.2

................................................................................................ 71

5.1.3

............................................................................................ 72

5.1.4

.................................................................... 73

5.2

............................................ 75

5.2.1

.................................................................................... 75

5.2.2

.................................................................. 76

5.2.3

..................................................................... 79

5.3

............................... 82

5.3.1

............................................................................... 82

5.3.2

.................................................................................. 86

5.3.3

............................................................................. 90

5.3.4

................................................................................... 93

5.3.5

........................................................................... 95

5.4

98

5.4.1

98

5.4.2

.................................................................... 100

5.4.3

............................................ 100

..................................................... 103
6.1

............................................................................................ 103

6.2

...................................................................................... 104

.......................................................................................... 106
......................................................................................................... 108
......................................................................................................... 109
......................................................................................................... 115

iii

1.
Cr. .............................................................................................. 10
2. (: 1/50.000) . ... 15
3. Cr(tot) . ............................................ 20
4. Cr(tot) . ................................ 25
5. . .............................. 42
6. ........................................................................... 55
7. . .......................................................................... 61
8. . ......................................... 62
9. .
...................................................................................................................................... 65
10. . ............................................... 73
11.
. ....................................................................................................... 77
12. Cr(tot) Cr(VI)
.................................................................................................. 79
13. . .......................................... 100

1. (: Rowbotham et al. 2000). ............... 7
2.
(Oze et al. 2007).
........................................................................................................................................ 8
3.
, ,
(: http://www.gsf.fi/publ/foregsatlas/). .................................................................... 9
4. . ...................................................... 16
5. . ......................................................... 17
6. . ............... 21
7. 2000 2005. .............................................. 23
8. Cr(tot). ..................... 24
9. Cr(tot) . ................................ 26
10. Cr(tot) . ................................................... 26
11. . ........................................... 27
12. ........................................... 29
13. Arc Map. ...................................................... 33
14. Cr(tot). ............................... 37
15. Cr(tot) ()
() ........................................................................................................................... 39
16. Cr(tot)
............................................................................................... 41
17. . ..................................................................... 43

iv

18. . .................................................................... 44
19. . ................................................................... 45
20. V. .................................................................. 46
21. V. ................................................................... 47
22. VI. .................................................................. 48
23. . ..................................................... 50
24. .................................................................. 51
25.
( 7 ). ............................ 52
26. Cr(tot),
. .................................................................................................................................. 53
27.
. .............................................................................................. 54
28. . ..................................................................... 56
29.
( 7 ). . 57
30. Cr(tot),
. .................................................................................................................................. 58
31.
. .............................................................................................. 59
32. . .................................... 62
33. Cr(tot),
.................................................................................................. 63
34. Cr(tot) Cr(VI) .
...................................................................................................................................... 65
35.
. ......................................... 67
36. . ....................... 70
37. .. (
et al. 1978, 2008). .......................................................................... 74
38.
( et al. 1978, 2005). ........................................................................... 75
39. ................ 78
40. Cr(tot) Cr(VI)
. ....................................................................................................... 80
41. . ................................................................................. 83
42.
. .................................................................................................................. 85
43. . ...................................................................................... 86
44. .
...................................................................................................................................... 89
45. . .............................................................................. 90
46.
............................................................................................................................ 92
47. . .................................................................................... 93
48. .
...................................................................................................................................... 95
49. . ................................................................................ 96

50.

................................................................................................................ 97
51. . .............................................. 102

Crtot

Cr(VI)

DO

GIS

Geographic Information Systems

TOC

Total Organic Carbon ( )

vi

, .
Life+ CHARM (Chromium in
Asopos groundwater system: Remediation Technologies and Measures), ,
,

(Cr(VI))

(threshold values,TV) .
,
,
.
,
. ,
,
.

. ,
, 15 g/L
9,9 g/L.
, 50 g/L
29,4 g/L.

.

, .

.
, , ,
.
,
.
, ,
. ,
, .

,
. ,


.

vii

ABSTRACT
The present study examines the presence of indigenous Chromium in the
groundwater of Greece with a placed emphasis on the Asopos river basin. It
constitutes an integral part of the Life+ CHARM (Chromium in Asopos
groundwater system: Remediation Technologies and Measures) funded
programme, which, among other things, is mainly targeted towards assessing,
on the one hand, the impact of soil characteristics and groundwater into the
presence of high concentrations of natural background hexavalent Chromium
and, on the other hand, the development of a rational methodology for
determining threshold values (TV) in groundwater.
The search for indigenous Chromium was based on Greek regions with
systematic recordings of Chromium in their groundwater solely attributed to
natural sources. Great significance was given on locating areas in safety
distance from anthropogenic pressures, so that their contributing to Chromium
detection could be excluded. The research was led up to two regions which
were analysed in terms of groundwater quality, geology and geomorphology.
In a recent sample survey, the methodology for Chromium detection is
confirmed and further data for one of the two regions are collected. The
analysis of the two regions highlighted the presence of indigenous Chromium
in the groundwater of Greece with concentrations as high as 15 g/L and 9.9
g/L on average. The sample survey confirmed the presence of Chromium in
groundwater with significant detection at 50 g/L and 29,4 g/L on an
average scale. The research conducted on these two regions showed that
Chromium concentration in groundwater seems to depend on the regions
geology and morphology along with the samples distance from natural
sources.
The research of the Asopos river basin constituted a distinctive part of the
study due to the well-known anthropogenic pollution of the area. The analysis
of the aforementioned region commenced with a recording of its current state
and groundwater quality. A more in-depth analysis followed which focused on
the major regions in terms of anthropogenic pressures, indigenous resources,
morphology and groundwater quality. The study pinpoints the presence of
Chromium in concentrations higher than the rest of Greece, a fact that can be
attributed to anthropogenic and indigenous causes. There is a notable
resemblance concerning geology and morphology between regions where
indigenous Chromium was detected. There was special emphasis placed on
locating regions afar form anthropogenic pressures with the purpose of
researching indigenous Chromium. The study concluded in two regions where
sampling is highly recommended with the aim of reaffirming the presence of
indigenous Chromium in the Asopos river basin. Finally, further research is
considered vital in order to assess the extent to which indigenous Chromium

viii

interferes with the total concentration measures in the groundwater of the

Asopos river basin.

ix

1.1

,
.

, ,
.
Life+ CHARM (Chromium in Asopos
groundwater system: Remediation Technologies and Measures), ,
,

(Cr(VI))
(threshold
values,TV) .
,
, (Cr(III)) (Cr(VI))
.
,
, Cr(III)
, Cr(VI), .

. , ,
(.. )
,
,
.
1.2

6 ,
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
()
.

,
. ,
, ,

.

,
.

.
,

.
1.3

. ,

. ,
,
, ,
.

2.1

(Cr)
. ,
.

, 100 g/L.

1g/L 10 g/L, 0,4g/L 8 g/L.
0,1 g/m3, 5
g/L 800 g/L 5,2 mg/L 26 g/L.
5 mg/kg
1800 mg/kg. (2-60
mg/kg), 60,000 mg/kg (Oze et al.
2004).
( 0,19 mg/kg) (INCHEM 1988).

-4 +6,
Cr(0), Cr(III), Cr(VI). Cr(0)
.
(Cr(III)) (Cr2O3)
(Cr(OH)3), (CrOH2+),
(Cr(VI)) (Cr2O72-)
(BaCrO4) (N2Cr2O7) (Hem 1992, Deutch 1997, Guertin et al.
2005).

(pH) (Eh).
, Cr(III) Cr(VI),
. Early and Rai (1987)
Fendorf and Zasoski (1992) Cr(III) Cr(VI)
( -MnO2(s), Mn2(s), -MnO2(s)) :
Cr3+ + 1,5-MnO2 + H2O HCrO4- + 1,5Mn2+ + H+

,
, ,
(, , ,
), , ,
(ATSDR 2008).
, Cr(III), ,
(Glucose
Tolerance Factor, GTF). GTF, ,

(INCHEM 1988). , Jacob and Testa
(2004), .
,
(NRC), 50 200 g . ,
(IARC) Cr(III)
3, .
, Cr(VI) ,
, ,
, ( 67/548/
92/32/).
(USEPA) Cr(VI)

, .
Cr(VI), ,
.
Cr(VI) ,
, . Cr(VI)
, ,
, .
Cr(VI)
( 2009).
Cr(VI) . ,

.
(IARC), Cr(VI)
Cr(III) ,
, Cr(III)
.
Cr(VI), , .

Cr(VI) .
Cr(VI)
DNA
(Guertin et al 2005, 2009).
, Cr(VI)
. ,
Cr(VI) .
2.2

, (Dermatas et al
2012).
.

A. Cr(III) Cr(VI) :
,
, ,
,
. Cr(III)
(Jacobs and Testa 2005).

(, , ),
, .
Cr(III) Cr(VI)
,
Cr(V)
(Becquer et al. 2003). Cr(VI)
, (Gonzalez
et al. 2005), (Fantoni et al. 2002) (Moraetis et al.
2012).
Cr(V) Mojave Desert
(Ball and Izbicki 2004). ,
Cr(VI)
,
(granitic), .


. 0,8
g/L 60 g/L, (Ball and Izbicki
2004).
B. :

67% ( , , Fe-Ni/CuCr), 15% ( , ,
, ..) 18% (..
Mg) (Saha et al. 2011).
, (2007),
:

, ,
. Cr(III)
,
,
Cr(VI)
( 2007).
( / ),
Cr(III) Cr(VI) . ,
,
Cr(VI)
pH (Stanin and Pirnie 2004).
, ,
:
(),
,
.
,

(Molina et al. 2009),
Cr(VI)
. ,
Cr(III) Cr(VI)
, (Jacobs and
Testa 2004).
( 1)
.

1. (: Rowbotham et al. 2000).

2.3

.
,

.


. ,

,
(), (),
,
() . , ,
,
,
.

(blogs)
,
.

(asopos sos - http://asopossos.wordpress.com/). , (,
..)

.

.


- .

( 2008).
, 2,

(Oze et al. 2007).

FORECS (Forum European Geological Surveys), 3.

2.
(Oze et al. 2007).

3. , ,
(: http://www.gsf.fi/publ/foregsatlas/).

A. :

.
,


.
,
(). ,
,


.
1.
Cr.

13.1
13.3
13.9
15.1

18.1
20.2
20.3
23.2
23.3
24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
24.5
25.1
25.2
25.6
25.7
25.9
27.3
28.4
28.9
38.1
38.2

()

(),
,

, ,




, ,

,

,

10

,
,

.

,

().
3.1

, ,

. ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.1.1

.
excel.
(pH, , , , ),
(, , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
), ,
, ..
.



:
1. (2011a).
, Intergeo . .

11

2. (2011b).
, .
3. . (2008).

. , .
4. Moraetis D., Nikolaidis N. P., Karatzas G. P., Dokou Z., Kalogerakis N.,
Winkel .L and Palaiogianni-Bellou A., (2012). Origin and mobility of
hexavalent chromium in North-Eastern Attica, Greece, Applied Geochemistry,
27, 6, 1170-1178.

( 2, 3.2.1) :

: , , ,

: , ,

: pH, (F), (B),

(Crtot), (As), (Pb), (Cd), (Ni),
(Zn), (Mo), (Mn), (Cu), (Ba),
(Hg), (Se), (Co), (Fe), (SO 42-),
(NO3-), (Cl-), (EC).

3.1.2
,
,

.. ,
,
, ,

. ( 2.2),

, , (,
, ), .
.

,
, 1000
(2001).

.
,
,

12

. ,

:

, , , (1997).


, , .
(2012).
,
.
(2011).
, Energy and Climate
Change, Athens

, ,
( 2.2).
shape file (http://geodata.gov.gr/geodata/),
, , .

(),
()
(),
.

,
.


, .
,
.
3.1.3

.
,
-.


.

13

(, 1/500.000).
,
, 1/50.000
( 2).


.
,
.

(http://www.openstreetmap.org/),

.


.

.
Google Earth
765 .
3.1.4
-

. shape file,
(http://geodata.gov.gr/geodata/),
.

(1, 2, 3, 4 )

()

(Corine Land Cover)

14

2. (: 1/50.000) .
1

12

23

34

13

24

35

14 -

25

36

15

26

37 -

16

27

38

17

28 -

39

18

29

40

19

30

41

20

31

42

10

21 32

43

11

22 - 33

44

15

4. .

16

5. .

17

3.2

, .
,
.
3.2.1
, ,

.

.

excel
.
38057 , 9871
( 3.1.1).

. ,
. ,
,
( ),
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

GWB ( )
ID ( )
TYPE ( )
X (, 87)
Y (, 87)

. ,
,

. 5899
.


.
,
.

18

.
, .
(2011b)
,
,

. , ,
,
, . ,
,

.
: Cr(VI), Mg, TOC, Ca, K, Na, HCO3-, N4+,NO2-,
(DO).

.
, 264,
6095 Cr(tot)
264 Cr(VI).
3.2.2

,
, , ,
.
,
. 4,
,
.

19

3. Cr(tot) .

Cr(tot)

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(g/L)

7,3

28,3

12,4

15,1

7,4

10,3

7,1

5,4

5,8

6,5

22,1

28,9

13,6

29,5

12,3

5,0

5,9

11,9

9,4

10,7

11,4

16,4

31,2

36,2

<5

10

10

10

10

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

#N/A

<5

1,86

1,04

0,99

0,33

0,80

1,16

1,32

1,98

1,97

2,52

1,41

1,25

(g/L)

0.0

<5

<5

10

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

0,5

<5

(g/L)

<5

10

10

15

10

6,25

<5

<5

<5

<5

6,8

18

Q1

<5

10

10

10

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

<5

1,4

Q2

<5

10

10

15

10

6,25

<5

<5

<5

<5

6,8

18

Q3

30

14,5

20

10

10

10

<5

<5

<5

27,41

34

(g/L)

250

250

100

21

40

40

83

170

180

250

82,9

190

(g/L)

250,0

267,5

97,5

11,0

37,5

37,5

80,5

167,5

177,5

247,5

82,4

187,5

Q3-Q1

5,5

20

4,5

10

7,5

7,5

7,5

26,04

26

6095

298

255

29

228

10

482

1305

2133

1282

11

61

(g/L)

(g/L)

20

6. .
3,
7,3 g/L. ( 6)
2000
(28,3 g/L),
2006 (5,4 g/L).
(2007 2008),
2010 (28,9 g/L).
2008
(11 2009 61 2010)
, 6. ,
2006 2008,
, .
2002 2004, 29 10 .
2000, 2001, 2003 2005 230
500 . ,

21

. 2006
2008
,
.

2000 2005 .
2006 2008,
. , (2009
2010) ,
,
.
7 2000
2005. , 2000
.
, ,
- . 2001 ,
. 2002
. 2003
, ,
. 2004
. 2005
,
. 2006 2008,
, , 2009 2010,
( ) .

22

7. 2000 2005.

. 8,
(72.53%) (0-5 g/L),
.

.
(6-15 g/L) 17,1% ,
. (16-30 g/L) 7%
, (31-50 g/L) 1.8% . ,
1.6%
(50 g/L), 0.33% , 100 g/L.

23

8. Cr(tot).

( 4). 9 ,
( ),
,
, .
(, ,
, , , ,
) 7,15 g/L 9,16 g/L.
,
(15,86 g/L),
.

24

4. Cr(tot) .
Cr(tot)

(g/L)

(g/L)

(g/L)

(g/L)

.
.
.
. .

. .

.
.
.

3,26
5,43
5,29
15,86
2,73
8,64
7,99
7,88
7,84
7,14
8,34
9,16
8,68
5,91
7,28

3,94
7,27
13,40
25,43
3,38
20,11
10,62
12,30
10,66
11,17
15,52
15,84
12,82
10,85
13,56

2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
10
2,5
2,5
2,5

2,5
2,5
2,5
0,01
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
0,01

2,5
2,5
2,5
5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
10
2,5
2,5
2,5

30
30
153
190
94
250
90
70
83
203
170
160
55
150
250

27,5
27,5
150,5
190
91,5
247,5
87,5
67,5
80,5
200,5
167,5
157,5
52,5
147,5
250

210
321
213
573
831
249
197
229
731
1195
296
188
144
717
6095

25

9. Cr(tot) .

, . ,
10,
,
, ,
, ( 80
g/L). , ,
, ,
175 g/L,
247.5 g/L.

10. Cr(tot) .

, ,

.

26

, .
3.2.3
( 3.1.2)
4 .
,
:

( 2001, 2009, 2011, 2012).


.. ,

. ( 11).


.

11. .

27

3.2.4

.
:

1.

.
.

GIMP2.

.

2.

.

, ,
.
.
.

765 Google Earth.
, 8 ,
, GIMP2.
8 1 ArcGIS.
12,
.

3.2.5
shape file
.

28

12. .

29

GIMP2 Google Earth.
.
GIMP2
Gimp (GNU Image Manipulation Program)
raster.

, Microsoft
Windows, Mac OS X Apple, GNU/Linux.
, GIMP
, ,
,
. ,
, GIF MPEG
Animation plug-in.
Google Earth
Google Earth
Internet
: windows (2000/XP/Vista), Linux, MacOSX.


. Google Earth
,
, ,
. Google Earth,
2004 .
:

,
, ,

, shp tab.


wmv.

30

3.3

(), GIS
(Geographic Information Systems),
(spatial data) .
, , , ,
(geographically referenced) .
, ,

,
( ),
(spatial data),
( ) (
, ) (Hellas GIS, Wikipedia).

.
, .. ,
,
, , ..
(Information Systems)
, , , ,
.
, (spatial)
,
.
,
.
(Hellas GIS, Wikipedia):
1.

(relational) ,


.

2.

(object-oriented) ,
,
.

,

.

( ),
, ,
,
.

31

3.3.1
:
.
,
.
(vector),
, . ,
,

.
. ,
.

. , ..
(1:1000) ,
(1:10.000)
. , 1-1
. (Raster)

(.. ,
)
.

(Hellas GIS, Wikipedia).
3.3.2 ArcGIS

ArcGIS 9.3 Desktop.
Arc View, Arc Editor Arc info. Arc Info

.
ArcGIS Desktop :
1. Arc Map
2. Arc Catalog
3. Arc Toolbox
Arc Map
Arc Map ( 13), ,
(Map). , Arc Map
,
, .
,
, .

32

13. Arc Map.

Arc Catalog
Arc Catalog .
Windows Explorer,
. Arc Catalog
,
. , ,
.
. , ,

, Arc Map.
Arc Toolbox
Arc Toolbox Arc GIS,
.
, ,
(data format)
.

33

4.1

,
, ( )
.
-
, .

:

4.1.1
,
,
.
,
.
,

.

,
( 1 )
,
( 2000 2007).
,

.
.

Cr(tot) 30 g/L

Cr(tot) 20 g/L

Cr(tot) 10 g/L

34

, . ,

( ),
.
.
,

.
,
(peaks).
88
, 19 , 15
77 .
3 ,
10 g/L 30 g/L.
,
10 g/L,
.
17,3 g/L.
,
, ( )
.



. 88 2 ,
.
(46)
(42).
, ,
1, .
,
.
,
.
, .
(,
, ), .
(),
, 7 10 .
(, , ,
, ).
32 .
, 9 .
( ), 4

35

.

( , , , ).
5 . ,
,
2 , 1
1 . 14 ,
.

36

14. Cr(tot).

37

,
. ,

, , ,

.
,
:

,
.

,
, .

- 6
,
.
, (
) 2000 2007,
.
,

. ,
. 15

.

38

15. Cr(tot) ()
()
4.1.2

.

, .
, ,
.

.
( )
( 16),
,
.
,
, .

.
,
,
.
,
. ,

39

,
.
, ,
.

.
,
, .
.

. ,
,
2000 2007.
,
.
,
, .

,
, . ,

.
- .

,
.
,
,
,
.

,
, :
1.

2.

3.

4.

5 -

5.

40

16. Cr(tot)
.

41

4.1.3


. ,
.
,
- .
2.2,
, ,
(, , ).
,
. ,
, .

5.
5. .

5 km

5 km

0,5 km

5 km

5 - 7,5 km

5 - 7,5 km

0,5 - 0,75 km

5 - 7,5 km

7,5 - 10 km

7,5 - 10 km

0,75 - 1,0 km

7,5 - 10 km

II

> 10 km

> 10 km

> 1,0 km

> 10 km

, .
(),

(GR01),
(GR02), (GR03),
(GR04), (GR05), (GR06),
(GR07), (GR08),
(GR11) (GR12). III IV (
)
( , ).

,

. ,
,

42

, .
, ,

.


. ,
7 , 4
3 .
17, 4
,
,
.
, 2
. , 2
,
. ,
,

17. .

43

. 25
,
. 18,
, 7
. ,
. ,
.

18. .


. 33
. ,
. 19,
19 ,
. ,
-, , .

.

44

, ,

. ,

,
. ,
,

.

19. .
IV

. 20, 10
,
2000 2007.
,
.
. V
, ,

45

. ,


. ,
,

.

20. V.
V

4 .
,
. 21, 4
,

.

46

21. V.
VI

. 22, 5
.
,
. 22, 3

. , VI

.

47

22. VI.


.
, , ,
,
.
, ,


( 23):

()
( ).
,
,
.
10 km .

48

8 .
5
10 km.
.

.
:
1.
2. -
3.
4.
5.

49

23. .

50

4.2

,
.
.
,
.
.
4.2.1

1164 km2.
, , .
,
, .

.

. (1201
m), (1165 m) (946 m),
( 938 m, 909 m, 748 m).
(
)
.
(
24).

24. .

51

(, , , ,
, ). ,
, , .
, ,
,
(, , ).
, , . ,

.
,
. 650 m.
32.84
km2. 25.

25.
( 7 ).

,
. , 84
,
.

10 km,
.

52

212 2000
2007,
.
,
2000 2007.
( 26) Cr(tot)
8,7 g/L, 10 g/L.
2006
2007,
( 5,7 g/l, ).
(2,5 g/L 90 g/L)
(<50 g/L)
1,4%.
. 25%
.
10 g/L, 75%
. 34%
, (62%) 6
g/L 15 g/L.
16 g/L 30 g/L 2,4%, 31 g/L 50 g/L
0,5%. 1,5%
, 100 g/L. ,
95% 15
g/L, 5% .

Cr(tot)

70
8,7
8,9
10
1,02
<5
10
<5
10
10
90
87,5
7,5
212

62,3

60
50
(%)

(g/L)

(g/L)

(g/L)

Q1
Q2
Q3
(g/L)
(g/L)
Q3-Q1
#

40

33,8

30
20
10

2,4

0,5

1,4

0,0

0
0-5

6-15

16-30

31-50 51-100

>100

(g/L)

26. Cr(tot),
.

53

27, (
, )
Cr(tot) 10g/L,
Cr(tot)
. Cr(tot)

.
.
( )

6 g/L 30 g/L. 15 km
.
8 km
. ,
,
, ,

5 km.

27.
.

6, Corine
Land Cover 2000. (66,39%)
, 26,66% .
6,15%,
(0,76% 0,04%) .

54

(37%),
(19%) (18%).
6.

(km2)

(%)

111

1,540

112
121
124
131
142
211
212
221
223
231
242

49,478
9,039
7,690
3,225
0,597
430,949
1,060
26,770
6,892
5,122
221,943

0,132
4,250
0,777
0,661
0,277
0,051
37,018
0,091
2,300
0,592
0,440
19,065

243

80,128

6,883

311
312
321
323
324
331
411
421
422
521

21,605
7,525
30,011
213,975
36,474
0,796
0,536
7,729
0,562
0,495

1,856
0,646
2,578
18,380
3,133
0,068
0,046
0,664
0,048
0,043

1164,152

100

4.2.2

, ,
1676 km2. , , ,
, , , .
, ,
, , 28.

(1650 m),
,
,
( 28).
,

55

. ,
(2.524 m), (2.027 m),
(2.182 m) (2.154 m)

() ().
(), (), (),
() ().

28. .

29 .
29,
, (
) ( ).

(, , , , , ).
, ,
, , , .
,
. ,

.
, .
, , 300 m
600 m. ,
, 90 km2,

56

328 km2
.

29.
( 7 ).

() .
(8) 6
10 km, 2 6,5
km . , 33%
7,5 km, 16% 10 km 51%
.
(13),
.


152 2000 2008,
.
, , 8
,
Cr(tot) .
( 28).

57

Cr(tot)
50
11,5
11,0
10
0,96
<5
10
<5
10
11,25
60
57,5
8,75
152

44,7

45
40
35
(%)

(g/L)

(g/L)

(g/L)
(g/L)
Q1
Q2
Q3
(g/L)
(g/L)
Q3-Q1
#

32,2

30
25
17,8

20
15
10

3,3

1,3

0,0

0-5

6 - 15

16 - 30

31 - 50 51 - 100

>100

(g/L)

30. Cr(tot),
.
Cr(tot)
11,5 g/L,
10 g/L.
Cr(tot),
(2,5 60 g/L), (<50 g/L)
1,32% ,
Cr(tot) 100 g/L.
. , 25%
(5 g/L).
10 g/L, , 75%
11,25 g/L.
32% ,
(45%) 6 g/L 15 g/L.
(18%) Cr(tot)
16 g/L 30 g/L. , ,
(94,7%) Cr(tot)
30 g/L.
31
-: , .

58

31.
.
( ), ,
,
Cr(tot) 16 g/L 30 g/L. ,
Cr(tot)
(6-15 g/L) (31-50 g/L) .

. ,

( ).
( ),
5 ,
.
(6-15 g/L). (18)
. ,
.
.
, ( ),
4 , Cr(tot),

2 (6-15 g/L) 4 (31-50 g/L).
, ,
(<5 km), <10 km
. ,

59

.
,
. , , ,

. ,
.
,

. , ,

, . ,
, ,
Cr(tot)
.

, Corine Land Cover 2000,
7 .
,
69,47%, (27,95%)
. 2,15%.

0,06% 0,38% .
(23,6%), (21,36%),
(13,56%) (12,12%).

60

7. .

111
112
121
211
212
213

222
223
231
242
243
311
312
313
321
323
324
331
333
411
511
512

(km2)
0,368
34,315
1,322
396,131
358,032
0,806

(%)
0,022
2,047
0,079
23,633
21,360
0,048

91,094

5,435

0,334
13,633
203,189

0,020
0,813
12,122

101,126

6,033

227,377
6,275
42,991
65,619
67,342
54,621
3,125
1,052
1,046
6,231
0,123
1676,154

13,565
0,374
2,565
3,915
4,018
3,259
0,186
0,063
0,062
0,372
0,007
100

4.2.3
,
, .

.
.
,
.

, -
.
( 8)
( 32),
. ,
,
8,71g/L 11,51 g/L
.

61

Cr(tot) (10 g/L).

.
, 25%
, 10 g/L
75% 10 11,25 g/L,
. H 2
90 g/L, 60 g/L. ,
212
152.
8. .

Cr(tot)

8,708
8,89
10
1,02
<5
10
<5
10
10
90
87,5
7,5
212

(g/l)

(g/l)

(g/l)
(g/l)
Q1
Q2
Q3
(g/l)
(g/l)
Q3-Q1
#

11,505
11,02
10
0,96
<5
10
<5
10
11,25
60
57,5
8,75
152

(%)

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

62
45
34 32

18
2
0-5

6-15

16-30
31-50
51-100
(g/L)
-
-

>100

32. .
,

(5 g/L). , 2 (6-15 g/L),

62

(62%),
(45%). Cr(tot) 16 g/L 30 g/L,
(18%)
2%.
(50 g/L),
(0% 3%
). , 100
g/L.
,
, .

. ,
. ,

95% 15 g/L,
(18%) 16 g/L 30 g/L.



( 33). 364
2000 2008.
:
Cr(tot)

60

(g/L)

9,9

9,9

(g/L)

(g/L)

10

(g/L)

10

Q1

<5

Q2

10

Q3

10

(g/L)

90

56,04

50

<5

(g/L)

87,5

Q3-Q1

7,5

364

(%)

40

31,87
30
20
8,79

10

1,65

1,10

0,00

0
<5

6 - 15

16 - 30

31 - 50 51 - 100

(g/L)

33. Cr(tot),
.

63

>100

9,88 g/L, 10 g/L.
(6-15 g/L),
(56,04%). (31,87%)
Cr(tot) (5 g/L).
(16 30 g/L) 8,79%.

, 31-50 g/L 1,65% ,
1,10% . ,
100 g/L.
4.3

,
,

. ,
, , ,
, .
,

. ,
,
, Cr(III) Cr(VI),
.

.
( )
.
2012 10
. Intergeo

.
( 9) 34 .

64

9. .

Cr(tot)

Cr(VI)

(g/L)

29,40

8,71

7,31

8,89

31

10

0,25

1,02

(g/L)

14

2,5

(g/L)

31

10

Q1

26,25

2,5

Q2

31

10

Q3

35,5

10

(g/L)

37

90

(g/L)

23

87,5

9,25

7,5

10

212

(g/L)

Q3-Q1
#

60

60
(%)

50
40

30

20
0

30
10 10
10

0
0-5

0 0
6 - 15

16 - 30

31 - 50

51 - 100

Cr(tot)
Cr(VI)

>100

(g/L)

34. Cr(tot) Cr(VI) .

,
. Cr(tot)
29,4 g/L, Cr(VI) 16,92 g/L, 57.5% .
31 g/L 28,5 g/L Cr(tot)
Cr(VI) . Cr(tot)
(31 g/L 50 g/L), Cr(VI) (16 g/L 30
g/L). Cr(VI)
5 g/L, Cr(tot) 6

65

g/L . ,
( )
(50 g/L).

.

.


.

.

10 g/L,
() 35.
,
, 30 g/L
50 g/L. ,
.

66

35. .

67

5.1

,
, .
, , ,
, , , , ,
. , ,
, ,
, ,
36.

EGY_RB_2010, ,
,
. , 1360 km 2,
720 km 2.

, (1360
km2), ,
.
5.1.1
75 km
,
,
-
.
. ,


. ,
,
.
,
.
, ,
, , (886 m),
(959 m), (1125 m) ( .. 2004).

,
.

.

68

130 m 345 m,

.
-.
, 500 m,

. , , ,
1000 m.
, .
,
, ,
,
.
,

.
, ,
. ,
,
. ,


,
.
,
.
, ,

. , ,

( 2009).
,
.

69

36. .

70

5.1.2

. , ,

(2009).
, 400 m

700 km 2. ,
.

(). ,
,
, .

,
. ,
, .

(), ,
.
.
:
) , ,
) -
) ,
.
,
(
et al. 2008).
( 2
) :
1.

2.

,
,
, (;) ,
,
.
,
.
,
,
( ),
, ().

71

,
, , , , ,
. ,
, , ,
.
3.

, ,
. ,
.

.
,
400 m 500 m . ,
400 m .

20 km2,

418 km2.

5.1.3
,
,
. ,
, .

.
, ,
, .
, ,

. , . ,

. ,
( 10), Corine Land Cover 2000,
, 1.

72

10. .

112
121

122
124
131
133
211
221
222
223
231
242
243
311
312
313
321
323
324
333
422

(km2 )
10,033
15,606

(%)
0,737
1,147

2,382

0,175

6,289
2,539
0,014
270,320
6,850

0,462
0,186
0,001
19,872
0,503

3,098

0,227

56,524
2,446

4,155
0,179

111,151

8,171

82,086
3,917
119,655
5,247
104,511
411,265
139,707
6,112
0,487
1360,248

6,034
0,287
8,796
0,385
7,683
30,234
10,270
0,449
0,035
100

5.1.4


. ,

,
( 20%) ,
, .

,
() . 54,7%
( ),
41,3% , 4% ( 2008).
,
144x10 6 m3. , 111x106 m3
, 32x10 6 m3
( 2009), 78 mm

73

() 326 mm
() .
7x106 m3 ( et al. 2008) .

.
1. .
2. ,
, - .

,
( 2008), ( 37,38).

. ,
,
.

, -
.
. ,

,


( 2009).

37. .. (
et al. 1978, 2008).

74

38.
( et al. 1978, 2005).

5.2

5.2.1
,
,

.


, , ,
.
,
,
.
, ,
.
.
2008 (
2008),
, .
,
( 2008).

75

5.2.2

1950.
,
( ),
.

. ,
, .


( 2009).
, 151

( 11) 385
. (
), ,
. ,
12
(), ()
( 39).

76

11.
.

, ,


( )

10
2
1
3
2

18

,
, ,

,
.

2
2

1
4
40
5
1

, ,

31

151

2
1

77

39.

78

5.2.3

, .

,
. ,
, 138
Cr(tot) 143 Cr(VI), 2007
2010. ,
.
( 12).

12. Cr(tot) Cr(VI)

.

Cr(tot)

Cr(VI)

(g/L)

23,22

20,92

(g/L)

29,02

27,09

(g/L)

<5

<10

1,25

1,30

(g/L)

0,01

0,01

(g/L)

13,01

11,69

Q1

<5

<10

Q2

13,01

11,69

Q3

31,89

30,75

(g/L)

163,00

156,00

(g/L)

162,99

156,00

Q3-Q1

29,39

25,75

138

143

,
23,22 g/L 20,92 g/L Cr(tot) Cr(VI) .
,
90%.
(14% 8%
Cr(tot) Cr(VI) ) (50 g/L).

, .
,
, Cr(tot) Cr(VI)
10 g/L.
0,01 g/L Cr(tot) Cr(VI),
Moraetis et al. (2012).

79

. ,
( 25% )
. Cr(tot) Cr(VI), ,
13,01 11,69 g/L. 31,89 g/L
30,75 g/L Cr(tot) Cr(VI) .
,
, (10 - 15 g/L)
75% ,
(16 - 30 g/L).
,
(50 g/L)
. Cr(tot) Cr(VI) 163 g/L 156
g/L .
( 40) 45% 48% Cr(tot)
Cr(VI) .
10%, , 10 15 g/L.
(16 - 30 g/L 31 - 50 g/L)
Cr(tot) Cr(VI) 20% 17% 17% 13% .
(50 g/L) Cr(tot) Cr(VI),
14% 8% , 3 %
100 g/L.

(%)

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

45

48
Cr (tot)
Cr (VI)

20
9

17

17
13

10

11
5

0 - 10

10 - 15

16 - 30

31 - 50

51 - 100

3 3
>100

(g/L)

40. Cr(tot) Cr(VI)

.

80

,
:
1.
(Ca) 126
. (97),
Ca 100 mg/L, 7
150 mg/L 200 mg/L. , 3
200 mg/L, ,
.
2.
(DO)
74 ,
(
). DO
, 7 - 8 mg/L,
, 5 - 6 mg/L.
3.
(Fe) 132 ,
54 (100 g/L).
200 g/L 64
. 2816 g/L, 5
2000 g/L, 16
1000 g/L.
4.
(NO3-) 113 , 41
(5 mg/L). ,
22 , NO3- 50 mg/L,
( 98/83/). ,
100 mg/L 3 . ,
NO3- .
5.
(Ni) , 142
96
(5 g/L), . ,
(Ni) 20 g/L ( 55 g/L)
8 .
6.
(Mg) 117
. 71 Mg
51 mg/L 100 mg/L, 32 Mg
26 mg/L 50 mg/L. 8 , Mg
25 mg/L 9
100 mg/L. , Mg

81

,
.
7.
(TOC, total organic carbon)
75 .
(49) TOC
0,3 g/L 1,5 mg/L, 10 , TOC
(0,3 mg/L) .
, TOC
,
TOC .
5.3

, 1360
km2,
. ,

,
.
, ()

.
.
: , , ,
, .
5.3.1

, , 2001,
3.137 . ,
110 .
, ,
,
( 41).

82

41. .

( 2, ),
.

.
,
. , ,
, .
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
, ,
.
,
()
. ,
,
()
, ,
.
42, ,
,
82.7 km 2.

83

17.5 km 2
2 -, .
54 ,
. ,
84
. 5
Cr(VI), 2
(<10 g/L), 13 g/L, 35g/L
104 g/L.
13 g/L 35 g/L Cr(VI)


. (104 g/L)
3 km
, 250 m ,
.
, ,
,
.
76 ,
,
46
. 9
Cr(VI) . 8 , Cr(VI)
(<10 g/L),
11 g/L Cr(VI).
, 200
m .
, ,
, 4
( 42).

84

42. .

85

5.3.2
,
, 2010 .
, 2001, 5184 .
170 m.
, 50 km.
. ,
, ( 43).

43. .

( 3, ),
:

1.

,
,
, .

,
,
. ,

,
. ,
, ,

86

,
.

2.

.
,
,
100 m.
, ,
,

. , , , , ,
,
, ,
.

, ,
.
,
.

3.

.

, , .

, (
) ( )
,

.
( ) ,
,
, , ,
.
,

, .

, (
)
-,

.


.

87

44, ,

, 70 km2.
28 ,
,
.
,
. 6
Cr(VI), 5
, Cr(VI) 19
g/L.
, 19 g/L
.
,

75
. 13 Cr(VI)
, 7
Cr(VI) (<10 g/L). 4
(<50 g/L, 12 g/L, 19 g/L, 25
g/L 46 g/L). 54 g/L 106 g/L.
,

.
, ,
. 4
,
. 2,5 km
,
.
,
400 m.

.
,
. ,
.
,
, ,
.

88

44. .

89

5.3.3
( )
2011, ,
2001, 1476 .
70 km, ,
( 45).

45. .
( 4, )
.

.
,
- . ,
,

. , ,
, . ,
, ,
,
.
. ,
()
, ,
. , , , ,
,
.

90

, ,
.
,
.
, .
, ,
-
. ,
- .
.
46 ,
(
).
30 km2.
,
.
, 3 ,

37
.
13
Cr(VI). 4

, .
5 25 g/L (10 g/L, 11 g/L, 14 g/L, 14
g/L 18 g/L),
, 3
.
(25 50 g/L) 3 ( 27 g/L, 43 g/L, 48
g/L), 3,5 km ,
1,5 km
. ,
(50g/L) 156 g/L.
2,25 km ,
.

91

46. .

92

5.3.4
,
, 2001, 1252
. 54
-
-.
,
. , , ,
( 47).

47. .
5 ,

. ,
, , , ,
,
.
48 ,
, 36 km 2,
,
.

. ,
.
50
,

93

, . ,
.

58 Cr(VI). (31)
Cr(VI) .
,

. , ,
,
. 3
(11 - 25 g/L),
,
. .

. 20 ,
Cr(VI) 26 g/L 50 g/L.
, .
, , ,
.
. , 4
Cr(VI) (<50 g/L),
100 g/L. 2 km
.
300
m.
.

.

94

48. .
5.3.5
,
2001, 557 .
, 110 m
( 49).

95

49. .
( 6, )
. ,
, , , ,
,
.
, ,
.
,
,
. ,
. ,
, , ,
.

. , ,
,
.
, ,
, .
50 ,
, 40 km 2,
.
,
4 ,

96

. ,

.
21
Cr(VI), ( 50). ,
Cr(VI),
. , 13
Cr(VI) 10 g/L 25 g/L, ,
.
,
. 5
Cr(VI) 26 g/L 50g/L, o
.
1,3 km .
. , 2
51 g/L 100 g/L (66 g/L 75 g/L,
) 1 km .
(17
g/L, 23 g/L 24 g/L).

50.
.

97

5.4

, ,
.

.
,
.
,

( ). ,
,
,
.

,

.
,
.


,
.
5.4.1
,
,

. ,

,
.

, , ,
. ,
,

. ,

, : ,
.
.

98

( 3, )

5 km 2.
.
, .
600 m,
450 m.

,
.

( 5, ),
2 km .
,
, 2,5 km .
, 50 m 150 m,
( 300 m, ).
,
.


, ,
10 km. ,
,
300 m .

500 m 800 m .
.

8 km
( ) . ,
, 20 m 80 m.

, .
.


, (5 km )
, .

800 m 900 m.
.

99

5.4.2
,

.
,
.
( 13):
13. .

(,
, )

5 km

5 km

5 7.5 km

5 7.5 km

7.5 10 km

7.5 10 km

II

> 10 km

> 10 km

5 km
, . , ,

.
. ,

,
.
, ,
.

.

.
5.4.3


.
,

.

100

,
.

.

.
( )
. ,
,
.

,
.

( , ).

. ,
,
.
,
.
( 6 km)
().

. ,
, ,
,
.

( 51):
1.
2.
3. (
)

101

51. .

102

6.1

,
,
.
,
.

.

. ,
.
,
( )
,
5 - .


.


. ,
15 g/L
10 g/L.

, 29,4 g/L.
,
,
.

23,2 g/L
(<50 g/L).

(
),
.

,
, .

103

,
:

15 g/L,
10 g/L.

(
= 23,2 g/L),
.

6.2

,
.

,
. , 5
,
. ,
,

,

.

104

105

(2008).

. . , , .
(2011).
, Intergeo Ltd.
(2011).
, .
, , , (1978).
, , .
(2012).
,
.
(2007).
Cr(VI) , ,
.
& -
.. . (2008).
,
, , ,
, .
, , , (1997).

, ,
.
(2011).
, Energy and Climate Change, Athens.
(2009). , ,
: , , , , ,
, .
ATSDR (2008). Toxicological Profile for Chromium, .
Ball JW and Izbicki JA (2004). Occurrence of hexavalent chromium in ground water
in the western part of the Mojave Desert, California, Applied Geochemistry, 11231135.

106

Becquer T, Quantin C, Sicot M, Boudot P (2003). Chromium availability in ultramafic

soils from New Caledonia, The Science of the Total Environnement, 301: 367-373.
Dermatas D, Vatseris C, Panagiotakis I, Chrysochou M (2012). Potential Contribution
of Geogenic Chromium in Groundwater Contamination of a Greek Heavily
Industrialized Area, BOSICON, 3rd International Conference on Contaminated Sites
Remediation, Rome 12-14 September 2012 (accepted).
Deutsch JW (1997). Groundwater Geochemistry. Fundamentals and Application to
Contamination, Lewis Publishers, 221p.
Early EL and Rai D (1987). Kinetics of chromium (III) Oxidation to Chromium (VI) by
Reaction with Manganese Oxide, Environmental Science and Technology,21, 1187
1193.
Fendorf SC and Zasoski R (1992). Chromium(III) Oxidation by -MnO2.
Characterization, Environmental Science and Technology,26,79-85.
Fendorf SE (1995). Surface reactions of chromium in soils and waters, Geoderma,
67, 55-71.
Gonzalez AR, Ndungu K, Flegal AR (2005). Natural occurrence of hexavalent
chromium in the Aromas red sands aquifer, California, Environmental Science and
Technology, 39, 5505-5511.
Guertin J, Jacobs J, Avakian C (2005). Chromium (VI) Handbook, CRC Press, 784 p.
Hem JD (1992). Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural
Water, 4th ed. U.S.G.S. Water Supply Paper, 2254,263p.
INCHEM (1988). International Programme on Chemical Safety: ENVIRONMENTAL
HEALH CRITERIA 61: CHROMIUM.
IPCS, WHO (1988). Metals and their compounds in the environment occurrence,
analysis and biological relevance, VCH, Wenheim, Germany.
Izbicki J, Ball JW, Bullen TD, Sutely SJ (2008). Chromium, chromium isotopes and
selected trace elements, western Mojave Desert, USA, Applied Geochemistry, 23,
1325-1352.
Jacobs J and Testa S (2004). Overview of Chromium (VI) in the Environment:
Background and History. In Chromium (VI) Hanbook:, Guertin J Jacobs J and
Avakian C Eds, CRC Press.
Megremi I (2010). Distribution and bioavailability of Cr in central Euboea, Greece,
Central European Journal of Geoscience.

107

Molina M, Aburto F, Calderon R, Cazanga M, Escudey M (2011). Trace element

composition of selected fertilizers used in Chile: phosphorus fertilizers as a source of
long-term soil contamination, Soil and Sediment Contamination, 18, 497-511.
Moraetis D, Nikolaidis NP, Karatzas GP, Dokou Z, Kalogerakis N, Winkel L,
Palaiogianni-Bellou A (2012). Origin and mobility of hexavalent chromium in NorthEastern Attica, Greece, Applied Geochemistry, 27, 1170-1178.
Oze C, Bird DK, Fendorf S (2007). Genesis of hexavalent chromium from natural
sources in soil and groundwater, PNAS, 104, 6544-6549.
Oze C, Fendorf S, Bird DK, Coleman G (2004). Chromium geochemistry of
serpentine soils, International Geology Review, 46, 97-126.
Rai D, Eary LE, Zachara LM (1989). Environmental chemistry of chromium,
Environmental Science and Technology, 86, 1989, 15-23.
Rowbotham AL, Levy LS, Shulker LK (2000). Chromium in the environment : an
evaluation of exposure of the UK general population and possible adverse health
effects, Toxicol. Environ. Health B., 3, 145-178.
Saha R, Nandi R, Saha B (2011). Sources and toxicity of hexavalent chromium.
Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan - 713104, WB, India.
Siemos N (2010). Groundwater monitoring network of Greece, IGME, Athens.
Stanin F and Pirnie M (2004). The transport and fate of Cr(VI) in the environment,
CRC Press, L1608_C05, 161-212.
USEPA (2000). In situ Treatment of Soil and Groundwater Contaminated with
Chromium, Technical Resource Guide, EPA 625/R-00/004.

, , http://geodata.gov.gr/geodata/
, www.wikipedia.org
, http://www.hellasgi.gr/
..., http://press.ntua.gr/
Open Street Map, http://www.openstreetmap.org/

108

109

1.

Cr (tot) g/L

ID

TYPE

452942 4582586

24,64

346533 4540423

14,29

339816 4533646

20,00

351349 4523245

10,00

350265 4511062

14,29

10

480572 4543438

10,00

14

357211 4522525

10,00

15

373754 4442222

16,07

16

367884 4449940

11,79

17

437139 4552821

8,93

18

376413 4499666

13,21

19

372369 4446987

12,86

20

364561 4538807

10,00

22

491020 4563085

10,36

26

511705 4555171

18,93

28

517675 4534120

35,42

31

350177 4488755

22,86

32

502349 4542313

7,86

33

502640 4552421

18,00

35

509485 4543548

16,07

39

340597 4515094

7,50

43

322793 4519475

7,86

82

364668 4484942

26,07

200

375793 4511444

10,00

08/2

359999 4354974

44,83

08/6

387708 4370428

53,33

09/7

317159 4473167

24,50

12/2

676647 4519160

8,50

12/7

585526 4546523

7,00

14

478908 4526107

8,93

16

451780 4534560

8,93

19

496914 4550370

8,93

452927 4581146

7,86

463686 4549265

11,79

F4

449472 4426737

8,93

305191 4485994

13,80

/14

666635 4076616

20,70

100

424262 4482696

8,93

110

454775 4498453

8,93

284088 4445796

13,00

407522 4475468

7,86

/46
70

418916 4466360

23,33

234754 4286447

20,33

139

704732 4599666

24,17

21

401643 4566912

10,00

24

378891 4535353

14,29

26

404179 4520921

10,00

27

399558 4502852

7,86

33

387868 4524841

15,71

37

392468 4509351

35,71

468

489693 4193728

32,38

643529 4526816

37,78

649559 4533970

7,19

280706 4443456

10,90

14

555256 4555666

7,50

19

547935 4545132

9,38

526260 4549691

8,33

532483 4542123

8,33

132

345868 4497309

38,85

707340 4605100

9,44

690562 4614760

7,50

39

438054 4242917

44,38

600

452688 4249145

38,00

484786 4477816

7,86

127

331894 4341635

21,50

412157 4539682

10,36

/5

437346 4212825

32,00

42

459903 4455808

11,43

20

564244 4548510

7,50

21

563597 4547826

7,50

23

522219 4546386

6,67

42

559801 4507325

7,50

50

701331 3887774

26,00

52

553742 4511888

6,25

54

315102 4506059

15,00

59

322433 4517495

15,80

647063 4523758

7,50

544235 4534110

6,67

437739 4456336

12,86

111

29

347657 4364131

27,00

10

380245 4526268

11,43

59

436697 4464824

18,93

441498 4500733

8,93

266540 4276045

25,58

374615 4461570

18,57

049

306517 4495076

29,70

11

312116 4474144

53,50

451

409649 4201106

81,50

112

2.

Cr (tot) g/L

ID

TYPE

346533 4540423

14,29

339816 4533646

20,00

351349 4523245

10,00

350265 4511062

14,29

14

357211 4522525

10,00

16

367884 4449940

11,79

17

437139 4552821

8,93

20

364561 4538807

10,00

22

491020 4563085

10,36

28

517675 4534120

35,42

82

364668 4484942

26,07

200

375793 4511444

10,00

F4

449472 4426737

8,93

/14

666635 4076616

20,70

100

424262 4482696

8,93

454775 4498453

8,93

284088 4445796

13,00

407522 4475468

7,86

/46

70

418916 4466360

23,33

234754 4286447

20,33

139

704732 4599666

24,17

643529 4526816

37,78

280706 4443456

10,90

19

547935 4545132

9,38

526260 4549691

8,33

532483 4542123

8,33

484786 4477816

7,86

412157 4539682

10,36

/5

437346 4212825

32,00

42

459903 4455808

11,43

50

701331 3887774

26,00

54

315102 4506059

15,00

647063 4523758

7,50

437739 4456336

12,86

10

380245 4526268

11,43

59

436697 4464824

18,93

441498 4500733

8,93

266540 4276045

25,58

113

3.
ID

TYPE

Cr (tot) g/L

346533

4540423

14,29

339816

4533646

20,00

351349

4523245

10,00

350265

4511062

14,29

14

357211

4522525

10,00

16

367884

4449940

11,79

20

364561

4538807

10,00

82

364668

4484942

26,07

200

375793

4511444

10,00

100

424262

4482696

8,93

284088

4445796

13,00

70

418916

4466360

23,33

643529

4526816

37,78

280706

4443456

10,90

42

459903

4455808

11,43

647063

4523758

7,50

437739

4456336

12,86

10

380245

4526268

11,43

59

436697

4464824

18,93

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122