Chuyn BDHSG

PHNG PHP DN BIN

I VI BT NG THC BA BIN S

K THUT DN V HAI BIN BNG NHAU

Hunh Ch Ho


Gi s ta cn chng minh bt ng thc ba bin dng:


( )
, , 0 f x y z

vi , , x y z l cc bin s thc tha mn cc tnh cht no .

Khi ta s thc hin hai bc chnh sau y:

Bc 1: Chng minh
( ) ( )
, , , , f x y z f t t z

i vi bt ng thc khng iu kin th dn bin theo cc i lng trung bnh:

2 2
, ;
2 2
x y x y
t t xy t
+ +
= = = ,
Bc 2: Chng minh
( )
, , 0 f t t z

Kt lun:
( )
, , 0 f x y z

Ch : i vi cc bt ng thc ng bc ta c th lm cho chng n gin hn bng cch chun ha cc
bin trong bt ng thc trc khi thc hin hai bc.



















Th d 1. Cho , , 0 x y z . Chng minh rng:

3
3 x y z xyz + + (1)


Li gii.

CCH 1: Thc hin dn bin theo TBC
Bc 1:
Ta c:
( )
3
1 3 0 x y z xyz + + (2)
Xt biu thc
( )
3
, , 3 f x y z x y z xyx = + + . Ta chng minh:
( )
, , 0 f x y z
Thc hin dn bin theo TBC:
2
x y
t
+
= , ta s chng minh:

( ) ( )
, , , , f x y z f t t z (3)
Tht vy, xt hiu:
( ) ( )
, , , , d f x y z f t t z =

2 3
3
3 2 3 x y z xyz t z t z
(
= + + +
(



( )
2 3
3
3 x y t z xyz = + +
M
2
x y
t
+
=
2
t xy
2 3
3
0 t z xyz nn 0 d
Bc 2: Chng minh
( )
2 3
, , 2 3 0 f t t z t z t z = + (4)
Tht vy:
( ) ( )
3
2 2 3
4 2 3 2 27 0 t z t z t z t z + +

( ) ( )
2
8 0 t z t z + (ng)
Kt lun:
( )
, , 0 f x y z





















CCH 2: Thc hin dn bin theo TBN

Bc 1:
Ta c:
( )
3
1 3 0 x y z xyz + + (2)
Xt biu thc
( )
3
, , 3 f x y z x y z xyx = + + . Ta chng minh:
( )
, , 0 f x y z
Thc hin dn bin theo TBN: t xy = , ta s chng minh:

( ) ( )
, , , , f x y z f t t z (3)
Tht vy, xt hiu:
( ) ( )
, , , , d f x y z f t t z =

2 3
3
3 2 3 x y z xyz t z t z
(
= + + +
(


2 x y t = +
M t xy = 2t x y + 2 0 x y t + nn 0 d
Bc 2: Chng minh
( )
2 3
, , 2 3 0 f t t z t z t z = + (4)
Tht vy:
( ) ( )
3
2 2 3
4 2 3 2 27 0 t z t z t z t z + +

( ) ( )
2
8 0 t z t z + (ng)
Kt lun:
( )
, , 0 f x y z






























CCH 3: Chun ha & thc hin dn bin theo TBC

V bt ng thc (1) l ng bc nn bng cch chun ha ta c th gi s:
1 x y z + + = (*)
Bc 1:
Ta c:
( )
3
1 1 3 1 27 0 xyz xyz (2)
Xt biu thc
( )
, , 1 27 f x y z xyz = . Ta chng minh:
( )
, , 0 f x y z
Thc hin dn bin theo TBC:
2
x y
t
+
= , ta s chng minh:

( ) ( )
, , , , f x y z f t t z (3)
Kim tra (*): Khi thay , x y bi
2
x y
t
+
= th (*) vn tha
Xt hiu:
( ) ( )
, , , , d f x y z f t t z =

( )
2
1 27 1 27 xyz t z =

( )
2
27 t z xyz =
M
2
x y
t
+
=
2
t xy
2
xyz t z nn 0 d
Bc 2: Chng minh
( )
2
, , 1 27 0 f t t z t z = (4)
Tht vy:
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2 2
, , 1 27 1 27 1 2 1 6 1 3 0 f t t z t z t t t t = = = +
Vi iu kin (*) th ng thc xy ra
1
3 3 1
x y
x y z
t
=
= = =

Vy trong trng hp tng qut ng thc xy ra 0 x y z = =
Kt lun:
( )
, , 0 f x y z






















CCH 4: Chun ha & thc hin dn bin theo TBN

V bt ng thc (1) l ng bc nn bng cch chun ha ta c th gi s:
1 xyz = (*)
Bc 1:
Ta c:
( )
1 3 3 0 x y z x y z + + + + (2)
Xt biu thc
( )
, , 3 f x y z x y z = + + . Ta chng minh:
( )
, , 0 f x y z
Thc hin dn bin theo TBC: t xy = , ta s chng minh:

( ) ( )
, , , , f x y z f t t z (3)
Kim tra (*): Khi thay , x y bi t xy = th (*) vn tha
Xt hiu:
( ) ( )
, , , , d f x y z f t t z =

( )
3 2 3 x y z t z = + + +
2 x y t = +
M t xy = 2 2 x y xy t + = 2 0 x y t + nn 0 d
Bc 2: Chng minh
( )
, , 0 f t t z (4)
Tht vy:
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
1 2 1
1
, , 2 3 2 3 0
t t
f t t z t z t
t t
+
= + = + =
Vi iu kin (*) th ng thc xy ra 1 1
1
x y
x y x y z
t
=
= = = = =

Vy trong trng hp tng qut ng thc xy ra 0 x y z = =
Kt lun:
( )
, , 0 f x y z
























Th d 2. Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin . . 1 a b c = . Chng minh rng:

1 1 1 13 25
1 4
+ + +
+ + + a b c a b c
(1)

Li gii.
Xt biu thc
( )
1 1 1 13
, ,
1
f a b c
a b c a b c
= + + +
+ + +
.
Thc hin dn bin theo TBN, ta s chng minh:

( )
( )
, , , , f a b c f a bc bc (3)
Ta c:
( )
( )
, , , , d f a b c f a bc bc =
1 1 1 13 1 2 13
1
2 1
a b c a b c a
bc a bc
(
= + + + + +
(
+ + +
+ +



1 1 2 1 1
13
1
2 1
b c a b c
bc a bc
| | | |
= + +
| |
+ + +
+ +
\ \


( )
( )
( )
2
1 13
1 2 1
b c
bc
a b c a bc
(
(
=
(
+ + + + +
(


Khng mt tnh tng qut, ta gi s
{ }
max , , a a b c = , do 1 abc = 1 bc
1
1
bc

Mt khc, theo bt ng thc AM-GM ta c:

( )
( ) ( )( )
3 3
13 13 13
1
16
1 2 1 3 1 3 1 a b c a bc abc abc
= <
+ + + + + + +

nn 0 d
( )
( )
, , , , f a b c f a bc bc
Chng minh
( )
25
, ,
4
f a bc bc (4)
t t bc = vi 0 1 t < , ta s chng minh:
2
1 25
, ,
4
f t t
t
| |

|
\
(5)
Ta c:
2
2 2
2 3 2
2
1 2 13 2 13 25
, ,
1 4 2 1
2 1
t
f t t t t
t t t t t
t
t
| |
= + + = + +
|
+ +
\
+ +


2
2
3 2
2 1
3 13 0
4 2 1
t
t
t t t
| |
+ +
|
+ +
\


( )
3 3 2
3 2
3 2 2 3 1
13 0
4 2 1
t t t t
t
t t
+ +
+
+ +


( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
3 2
1 2 1 2 1
13 0
4 2 1
t t t t
t
t t
+
+
+ +


( ) ( )
2
4 3 2
1 8 20 18 9 8 0 t t t t t + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2
1 2 2 1 5 2 1 2 5 7 3 0 t t t t t t
(
+ + +
(


Suy ra:
( )
25
, ,
4
f a bc bc

Kt lun:
( )
, , 0 f x y z


Gii thch k nng phn tch:

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
4 3 2 4 2 3 2 2
2
2
2 2
8 20 18 9 8 8 8 2 20 20 5 10 14 6
2 2 1 5 2 1 2 5 7 3 0
t t t t t t t t t t t
t t t t t
+ + = + + + + +
= + + +


Bi tp tng t


1. Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng sao cho 1 abc = . Chng minh rng:

1 1 1 6
5
a b c a b c
+ + +
+ +

2. Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng sao cho 1 abc = . Chng minh rng:

2 1 3
3 a b c ab bc ca
+
+ + + +


3. Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng sao cho 1 abc = . Chng minh rng:

( )( )( ) ( )
7 5 a b b c c a a b c + + + + + +