Chng 15 - Ni mng LAN

1. Mng LAN ( Local Area Network - Mng cc b )

Mng LAN l mng cho php kt ni nhiu my tnh li vi
nhau trong phm vi mt phng, mt t chc, mt c quan vi
mc
ch :
- Lin lc cc my vi nhau
- Chia s thng tin
- Chia s ti nguyn

Mng LAN kt ni nhiu thit b .
2. Cc kiu u mng LAN
a) Mng LAN u kiu BUS

Mng LAN u kiu BUS
Vi kiu BUS cc my tnh c ni vi nhau thng qua mt
trc cp, hai u trc cp c cc Terminador nh du im
kt thc ng trc, mi my tnh c ni vi ng trc
thng qua mt Transceptor .
u im :
+ u im ca cch u mng ny l tit kim c dy cp
Nhc im :
+ Nhc im ca u mng kiu ny l tc chm
+ Khi trn ng cp c s c th ton b mng s b ngng
hot ng .
+ Khi mng c s c rt kh kim tra pht hin ra v tr b li .
=> V cc nhc im trn nn mng ny t c s dng .
b) Mng LAN u kiu RING ( Kiu vng )

Mng LAN u kiu RING (vng)
Vi kiu RING cc my tnh c ni vi nhau trm mt trc
khp kn, mi my tnh c ni vi ng trc thng qua mt
Transceptor .
u im :
+ u im ca cch u mng ny l tit kim c dy cp,
tc c nhanh hn kiu BUS .
Nhc im :
+ Nhc im ca u mng kiu ny l tc vn b chm
+ Khi trn ng cp c s c th ton b mng s b ngng
hot ng .
+ Khi mng c s c rt kh kim tra pht hin ra v tr b li .
=> V cc nhc im trn nn mng ny cng t c s
dng .
c) Mng LAN u kiu hnh sao STAR

Mng LAN u theo kiu STAR
Mng LAN u kiu hnh sao cn c mt thit b trung gian
nh Hub hoc Switch, cc my tnh c ni vi thit b trung
gian ny.
u im :
+ u im ca kiu u mng ny l tc nhanh .
+ Khi mt my trn mng c s c th khng lm nh hng
n cc my khc .
+ D dng tm ra v tr li khc phc sa cha .
Nhc im :
+ Tn nhiu dy cp mng, do chi ph tng .
=> V c nhiu u im hn v vy mng ny c s dng
rng di trong thc t .
3. Cp mng .
Trong thc t ta thng s dng kiu u mang hnh sao s
dng Hub hoc Switch lm thit b trung gian, trong trng hp
ny ta s dng cp mng 8 si .
Trng hp ta u hai my vi nhau ta cng dng cp mng 8
si
Dy cp mng 8 si .
Khi u my tnh vi Modem ADSL ta cng s dng cp 8
si .

Dy cp mng 8 si dng u ni 2 my tnh
hoc u gia my tnh vi Modem ADSL
4. Card mng - Card Net
cc my tnh c th giao tip c vi nhau cn phi c
mt Card mng ( Card Net ), Card Net c cm vo my tnh
thng qua khe PCI .

Card Net
Card Net c th c tch hp Onboard trn mt s Mainboard
Card mng c nhim v m ho d liu truyn i v gii m d
liu nhn c thng qua mi trng mng .
Card mng c th hot ng c th chng cn c trnh
iu khin ( Drive ), trnh iu khin c trn a CD km theo
Card mng hoc trn a ci t Mainboard nu card mng
Onboard .
Nu bn ci t Window XP th h iu hnh ny t ng ci
t Drive cho hu ht cc Card Net c trn th trng .

5. Cc bc thit lp mng LAN .

Ni mng c nhiu my tnh .
Cc bc cn thc hin
Ci t Card mng cho cc my
Chun b mt Switch t 8 n 24 cng .
u dy cp tn hiu t Switch ra cc my
t li tn cho cc my .
Thit lp a ch IP cho cc my
Kim tra s thng mng .
B ch Password trn cc my
Chia s quyn truy cp .
a) Ci t Card mng cho cc my .
Nu my tnh ca bn c sn Card mng th qu trnh ci t
Window XP, a s cc trng hp h iu hnh s ci sn trnh
iu khin cho bn .
Nu bn lp Card mng mi th bn cn ci t trnh iu khin
cho Card
=> Bn lp Card mi vo my, bt khi ng my tnh, trong
qu trnh khi ng h iu hnh s t nhn ra Card mi v yu
cu bn ci t Drive, bn cho a Drive ( km theo Card khi
mua ) vo my v ci t theo cc hng dn trong qu trnh
ci t.
Ci t xong bn khi ng li my sau vo mn hnh
Device Manager kim tra .
+ Kch phi chut vo My Computer / Chn Properties / Chn
Hardware / Chn Device Manager
=> Mn hnh Device Manager xut hin :


Nu bn nhn thy c tn Card mng trong danh sch trn l
Card mng c ci t, nh trn ta thy c Network
adapters tc l Card mng c ci t .
b) Chun b mt Switch 8 cng hoc 16 hoc 24 cng tu theo
nhu cu s dng .

Switch 8 cng

Switch 16 cng

Switch 24 cng
c) u dy cp t Switch n cc my .

Chun b mt km bm dy mng .
Ct dy mng t Switch n my, chiu di ti thiu l 2,5m
chiu di ti a l 100m .
+ Hai u dy ct v bc nha h cc si dy khong 1 cm

+ La cc si dy vo trong Zc cm

Sau khi bn la dy vo zc, cho Zc mng vo km v bp
mnh tay

Cp u t Switch n cc my cn c u song song nh
hnh di y .

Cp t Switch n my c du song song nh trn
th t cc mu dy c th thay i, nhng bn u
theo th t trn l tt nht .
Ch : Cp mng t Switch n cc my l cp c u song
song, tc l v tr cc si dy hai u zc cm l nh nhau
d ) t li tn cho cc my trong mng
cc my trong mng c th lin lc c vi nhau th mi
my cn c mt tn v tn ca cc my trong mng khng c
trng nhau , bn cn t li tn cho cc my nh sau :
+ Kch phi chut vo My Computer / chn Propeties /
chn Computer Name mn hnh sau xut hin :



Kch vo phm Change... hp thoi sau xut hin



Nhp tn my vo Computer name
Kch chn mc Workgroup : v nguyn ch MSHOME
( Mc Workgroup cc my phi nh nhau )
=> Sau nhn OK
e ) Thit lp a ch IP cho cc my .
Bn c th chn mt trong hai cch sau :
Cch 1 : Thit lp a ch IP ng .
cc my c th gi v nhn d liu th chng cn c mt a
ch IP, bn c th thit lp a ch IP ng cho cc my nh
sau :

T mn hnh Desktop



Kch phi chut ln biu tng Network / chn Properties





Kch phi chut ln biu tng
Local Area Connection / chn Properties




Kch p vo dng
Internet Protocol ( TCP/IP )




nh du vo dng Obtain an IP address automaticaly
v dng Obtain DNS server address automaticaly
=> Sau Click OK
Ch : nu thit lp a ch IP t ng th ton b cc my
trong mng u phi thit lp a ch IP l t ng .
Cch 2 : Thit lp a ch IP tnh
Bn thc hin cc bc nh trn, n bc cui cng sau :

Bn nhp a ch IP nh trn cho my s 1

Bn nhp a ch IP nh trn cho my s 2
Nh vy gia cc my trong mng ch cc nhau s cui
cng ca dng u tin, y chnh l s IP tnh gn cho mi
my, s ny c th nh t s 1 n 254 v khng c trng
nhau trong mt mng .
Cc s pha trc l 192.168.1. l nh nhau trong mt mng
Cc s dng Subnet mask c my t ng in vo nh
trn
Trong mc thit lp bn di bn hy trng .



Lu : Nu mng thit lp IP tnh th phi thit lp cho tt c
cc my trong mng l IP tnh .
f ) Kim tra s thng mng
Bn khi ng li cc my tnh trong mng, i sau khong 5
pht sau bn lm theo cc bc sau :
Kch p vo biu tng Network trn mn hnh Desktop

=>

Kch vo dng View workgroup computers
mn hnh sau xut hin :





Cc my xut hin trong ca s ny l cc my c thng
mng, tuy nhin cng c trng hp my thng mng nhng
khng xut hin trn ca s, khi bn cn kim tra t ca s
cmd


Kim tra s thng mng thng qua ca s cmd
+ Vo Start / kch vo Run...



G cmd trong ca s ri nhn OK ca s cmd xut hin



Gi s bn ang ng trn My 1, bn kim tra xem c thng
vi My 4 khng ta lm nh sau :
T du nhc trn g lnh : PING MAY4 <Enter>


Thng bo trn cho bit khng tm thy my 4

Lm cc bc tng t vi my 3



Kt qu trn cho thy my 3 c thng mng
khi my no c thng mng th chng trnh cmd s lit k
a
ch IP ca my cng vi thi gian truy cp nh trn .
Sau khi thit lp a ch IP cho cc my l bn c th s
dng mng truy cp Internet ch cn bn yu cu mt thu
bao ADSL v mt Modem ADSL c nh cung cp thit lp
sn cc thng s cho bn
=> Bn u cp tn hiu t Modem ADSL vo mt cng bt k
trn Switch l s dng c
Lu : on cp t Modem ADSL n Switch phi l cp tn
hiu u cho, cp ny thng i theo Modem ADSL .
Tuy nhin nu dng li bc ny th bn cha s dng c
ti nguyn trn mng ni b ca nhau, v vy bn cn phi b
ch Password trn cc my v ci t chia s ti nguyn
cho my khc c th truy cp vo cc a, cc bc ny s
cp bi tip theo .

Tip theo - Cc bc thit lp mng LAN
g ) B ch Password trn cc my .
Nu bn ang ngi trn MAY1 m bn Click vo biu tng
MAY3 hoc cc my khc th bn s nhn c mt thng bo
li, nguyn nhn l do bn cha b ch Password trn
MAY3 hoc trn cc my khc .

Bn cn phi b ch Password trn tt c cc my trong
mng, cc bc thc hin nh sau :
Vo Start / Settings / Control panel

Kch p vo biu tng Administrative Tools trn

Kch p tip vo biu tng Computer Management trn
M mc Local Users and Groups
Kch vo User bn s thy mn hnh User nh sau :

Ta thy cc biu tng User b nh du , bn hy b cc du
trn i bng cch
Kch chut phi vo cc biu tng User / chn Properties

Ban u ta thy c 3 mc nh hnh di b nh du
=> Hy kch b nh du cc mc
User cannot change password ( b nh du )
Account is disabled ( b nh du )
Ch li nh du mc
Password never expires ( nh du )
=>
Sau Click OK
Bn hy b nh du cho tt c cc mc User trn, kt qu
nhn c nh hnh di

Sau bn thot ra ngoi v khi ng li my .
L : a s cc my sau khi b ch Pasword nh trn l
cho
php my khc c th truy cp vo my ca mnh, tuy nhin trong
mt
s trng hp bn vn thy thng bo li, trong trng hp bn
lm nh sau :
Vo Start / Settings / Control panel

Kch p vo biu tng : Administrative Tool

Kch p vo biu tng Local Security Policy

M th mc Local Policies
Kch vo th mc User Rights Assignmen


Sau kch p vo dng
Access this computer from the net...

Kch vo Add User or Group

Kch vo Advanced

Kch vo Find Now

Kch vo dng biu tng c ch Guest
sau Click OK
sau Click OK tip

Lc ny bn nhn thy dng Guest trong ca s trn
sau Click OK v thot khi cc ch thit lp .
h ) Ci t v thit lp chia s mng .
Sau khi b ch Password trn cc my, bn c th kch vo biu
tng cc my trn mng s khng cn b bo li nhng bn vn
cha
thy xut hin cc a

Kch vo biu tng cc my th d MAY2 bn ch nhn thy
nh sau :

V bn khng thy cc a ca MAY2 xut hin v vy bn vn
cha th s dng c cc d liu ca MAY2
c th s dng c cc a ca my 2, bn cn ci t chia s
mng trn MAY2 , cc bc thc hin nh sau :
Kch p vo My Computer trn mn hnh Desktop

Kch chut phi vo mt a bt k,
chn dng Sharing and Securty...


Kch p vo dng ch
If you understand the risk but stiil want to share the root of the
drive, click here


Kch p vo dng Network Setup Wizard .


Click Next


Gi nguyn nh du nh trn v Click Next


Click Next tip tc


Click Next tip tc


Chn nh trn ri Click Next tip tc


Bn s nhn thy mn hnh trn, mt mn hnh
bay t mn hnh bn tri sang hai mn hnh bn phi .


Click mc chn di cng nh trn sau Click Next


Click Finish kt thc ci t
Sau khi ci t xong , by gi bn hy thit lp quyn chia s
cho cc a
* Bn kch p vo My Computer trn mn hnh Desktop

Kch chut phi vo E
chn dng Sharing and Securty...


Kch p vo dng ch
If you understand the risk but stiil want to share the root of the
drive, click here

nh du vo dng Share this folder on the network
sau Click OK

Ta thy E xut hin hnh bn tay, v nh vy l bn
cho php cc my khc c th truy cp vo E
Bn thit lp tng t cho cc a m bn mun chia s qua
mng


6. Kt ni Internet ADSL cho mng my tnh .

Sau khi bn thit lp c h thng mng LAN c nhiu
my u chung vo Switch, bn ch vic cm dy cp ca
Modem ADSL vo mt cng bt k trn Switch l bn c th
s dng c Internet .
Dy ni t Modem ADSL n Switch bn phi s dng dy i
theo Modem, y l dy cp mng u cho ( Xem dy u
cho mc sau ) .
Cc thit lp thng s cho Modem ADSL l do nh cung cp
thc hin, v iu ny phi ph thuc vo ic ch IP ca my
ch .
Kt ni Internet ADSL cho my tnh c nhn .

Bn khng phi lm g c, nh cung cp s thit lp cho bn
ch vic s dng, bi v cc thng s thit lp cho Modem
ADSL
l ph thuc vo pha Server
Cp mng t Modem ADSL n my tnh l cp i theo
Modem , y l cp mng c u cho .
Ni mng ch c 2 my tnh .

Trong trng hp bn ch u 2 my tnh vi nhau, bn c th
u trc tip v s dng cp u cho, cc thit lp hon ton
tng t nh mng c nhiu my .
Bn u cho dy cp theo s nh sau :

Cp mng u cho
V tr dy s 1 o cho dy s 3
V tr dy s 2 o cho dy s 6
Cc v tr dy khc gi nguyn
Cp u cho s dng cho cc trng hp
u t Modem ADSL n my tnh
u t Modem ADSL n Switch
u t my n my khng thng qua Switch
Cp song song s dng trong cc trng hp
u t Switch n cc my trong mng LAN .