Dng c sa cha my tnh

Dng c sa cha my tnh

1 . ng h vn nng

ng h vn nng ( gi khong 70.000 )

ng h s c thanh o tn s ( gi khang 130.000 )
2. M hn sng v m hn hi

M hn sng ( gi khong 150.000 )


M hn hi ( gi khong 1.500.000 )
3. Card Test Main

Card Test Main ( gi khong 80.000 )
4. Km v T vt cc loi

Km bm dy mng ( gi khong 100.000 )

Km ct
5. Mt b my tnh

Mt b my tnh
6. Mt a CD ROM

a CD ROM
7. Monitor

Sa cha cc h hng ca my tnh

Monitor th
8. Mt s lnh kin my tnh khc v a phn mm ci t, a
dit Virus

Chun b mt s a phn mm nh a Boot CD
a ci Win XP (SP1, SP2) v a ci t cc
chng trnh ng dng khc
- My tnh l mt b my gm nhiu thit b kt hp li
cng vi phn mm iu khin to ln mt b my tinh
vi v phc tp, bt k h hng mt thit b phn cng no
hay li do phn mm u lm cho my tnh b trc trc
- sa cha tt bn cn c c kin thc v phn cng v
phn mm ca my tnh, cc kin thc c trnh
by trong cc chng trn.
- Sau y l cc bnh h hng lin quan n phn hp
my, nguyn nhn v phng php kim tra sa cha .
Cc bnh thng gp ca my tnh
1. Bnh 1 : My khng vo in, khng c n bo ngun, qut
ngun khng quay .
2. Bnh 2 : My c n bo ngun khi bt cng tc nhng khng
ln mn hnh, khng c ting ku li Ram hay li Card Video .
3. Bnh 3 : Bt ngun my tnh thy c ting Bp......
Bp......Bp........ c nhng ting Bp di trong my pht ra,
khng c g trn mn hnh .
4. Bnh 4 : My tnh khi ng, c ln mn hnh nhng thng
bo khng tm thy a khi ng , hoc thng bo h thng
a b hng .
DISK BOOT FAILURE , INSERT SYSTEM DISK AND
PRESS ENTER
5. Bnh 5 : Khi khi ng my tnh thng bo trn mn hnh l
khng tm thy A hoc A hng :
Boot Failure
Insert BOOT Diskete in A
Press any key when ready
6. Bnh 6 : My khi ng vo n Win XP th Reset li, ci li
h iu hnh Win XP th thng bo li v khng th ci t .
7. Bnh 7 : My chy thng xuyn b treo hoc chy chm so
vi tc thc .
Trong cc bnh trn th Bnh 1, Bnh 2 v Bnh 6 thng thng
do hng Mainboard cn cc bnh khc thng do hng RAM,
Card Video, cng hoc li phn mm

Nguyn nhn v phng php kim tra sa cha
Bnh 1 : My khng vo in, khng c n bo ngun, qut
ngun khng quay .

Nguyn nhn : ( do mt trong cc nguyn nhn sau )
Hng b ngun ATX
Hng mch iu khin ngun trn Mainboard
Hng cng tc tt m Power On
Kim tra :
S dng mt b ngun tt th, nu my hot ng c th
do hng b ngun trn my => Phng php sa ngun c
cp chng CASE v NGUN .
Kim tra cng tc tt m hoc dng T vt u chp trc tip
hai chn P.ON trn Mainboard => Nu my hot ng l do
cng tc khng tip xc .
Cc bin php trn vn khng c l do hng mch iu khin
ngun trn Mainboard .


Mch iu khin ngun trn Mainboard

=> Bn hy d ngc t chn P.ON ( chn cp ngun cp 20
chn, chn c dy mu xanh l l P.ON ) v bit IC khuch
i m Damper, d mch iu khin ngun theo s trn,
kim tra Transistor trn ng P.ON trn , kim tra in p
nui (5V) cp cho IC Damper, thay th IC Damper .
- Nu mch hot ng th sau khi bt cng tc, chn P.ON
ang t 3V gim xung 0V .
=> Dng my hn kh hn li IC Chipset nam Sourth Bridge
Phng php s dng my hn kh

My hn kh c 2 trit p l
- Trit p chnh nhit l HEAT
- Trit p chnh gi l AIR
- Nt chnh nhit bn chng 30 n 40% , hoc khong
400
o
C ( nu my c ng h o nhit )

- Nt chnh gi bn 40% .


S dng my hn hi

- Hn li Chipset Sourth Bridge - Khi hn bn pha nha
thng vo nc ra mch in ri qut ln lng IC .
- a m hn u khp trn lng IC, khi cm gic ti nhit
nng chy ca thic th dng Panh n nh IC xung mi hn
tip xc, Chipset l IC chn gm .

Chipset Sourth Bridge l IC chn gm
Bnh 2 : My c n bo ngun, qut ngun quay khi bt
cng
tc nhng khng ln mn hnh, khng c ting ku
li
Ram hay li Card Video .

Nguyn nhn :
Ngun mt in p P.G
Hng CPU
Hng Mainboard
Li phn mm trn ROM BIOS
Hng loa bn trong my v Ram hoc Card video ng thi
=> Nu cc thit b trn tt m li Ram hay Card Video th c
ting ku khi khi ng .
=> Nu hng cc a th vn ln mn hnh, vn bo phin bn
Bios
Kim tra :
Bn cn kim tra kt lun xem c phi do Mainboard hoc
CPU hay khng ?
Trc tin hy thay mt b ngun ATX tt loi tr , nu
thay ngun khc m my chy c th do hng ngun trn
my
=> Bn sa b ngun trn my => lu chn PG ( mu xm )
khi qut ngun quay chn ny phi c in p khong 3V n
4V, nu chn ny khng c in th my khng khi ng
c . PG ( Power Good = Ngun tt )
Kim tra loa bn trong my v chc chn rng loa bn trong
my vn tt .


Loa bo s c cho my tnh

Tho RAM, Card Video v cc a ra khi my ch li
CPU gn trn Mainboard ri bt cng tc ngun kim tra .
=> Nu khng c ting ku loa th => Mainboard hoc CPU
cha hot ng .
=> Thit lp li Jumper cho ng tc BUS ca CPU ( vi
Mainboard Pentium 2 v Pentium 3 )
=> Nu thao tc nh trn nhng my vn khng c cc ting
bp di loa l hng Mainboard hoc hng CPU
=> Sa cha Mainboard c cp phn sau
Bnh 3 : Bt ngun my tnh thy c ting
Bp.....Bp......Bp......
c nhng ting Bp di trong my pht ra, khng c
g
trn mn hnh .
Nguyn nhn :
My b li RAM
=> Li RAM thng pht ra nhng ting Bp....... di lin tc .
My b hng Card Video
=> Hng Card Video thng pht ra mt ting Bp.......di v
ba ting Bip Bip Bip ngn .


Kim tra & Sa cha :
Nu my c nhng ting Bp........Bp.......Bp....... di lin tc
th thng thng do li RAM, bn hy tho RAM ra khi
Mainboard , dng du RP7 lm v sinh sch s chn tip xc
trn RAM v khe cm sau gn vo v th li .



V sinh sch khe cm RAM bng du RP7 hoc bng xng



V sinh sch chn RAM cho kh nng tip xc tt nht

Nu khng c th bn hy thay mt thanh RAM mi ri th
li

Nu my c mt ting Bp di v nhiu ting bp ngn th thng
thng l do li Card Video .
=> Bn hy v sinh chn Card Video v khe cm Card Video
tng t chn RAM .



V sinh khe cm AGP



V sinh chn cm Card video

=> Nu khng c bn hy thay mt Card Video tt cng loi
ri th li .
Bnh 4 : My tnh khi ng, c ln mn hnh nhng thng
bo
khng tm thy a khi ng , hoc thng bo h
thng a b hng .
DISK BOOT FAILURE , INSERT SYSTEM DISK AND
PRESS ENTER
( A KHI NG B HNG, CHO A H THNG
VO V BM PHM BT K )

Nguyn nhn :
Hng cp tn hiu ca cng
Cp ngun ca cng khng tip xc
Hng h iu hnh trn cng
u sai Jumper trn cng
Hng cng
Kim tra & Sa cha :
Cm li cp tn hiu v cp ngun ca cng cho tip xc tt



Cp cng

Nu my c hai cng th tm thi tho mt ra v th li
Nu hai cm trn mt dy cp th cn thit lp mt l MS
(Master - chnh) v mt l SL (Slaver- ph)



Hai cng u chung cp


V tr thit lp Jumper trn
Vo mn hnh CMOS kim tra xem my nhn cng
cha ?
=> Khi khi ng bm lin tip vo phm Delete vo mn
hnh CMOS .
- Bm vo dng Standard CMOS Feature
xut hin nh sau :



trn cho thy dng IDE Channel 0 Master nhn c
[Memorex DVD +/-RW Tru]
v dng IDE Channel 2 Master nhn c
[WDC WD800JD-00HKA0]

=> Nu nh tt c cc dng trn u bo [ None ] th ngha l
my cha nhn c cng no c => Bn cn kim tra cp
tn hiu hoc thay cp ri th li => Nu kt qu my vn
khng nhn c a th bn cn thay cng mi .
=> Nu my nhn c cng nh trn th bn hy ci t
li h iu hnh cho my .
Bnh 5 : Khi khi ng my tnh thng bo trn mn hnh l
khng tm thy A hoc A hng :
Boot Failure
Insert BOOT Diskete in A
Press any key when ready
Nguyn nhn :
Khi khi ng my, trong A vn c a qun cha b ra .
A b hng
My ht Pin CMOS
My khng lp A nhng trong CMOS li khai bo A l
[1,44M 3,5 in ]
Kim tra & Sa cha :
Tho ht a ra khi A khi m my
Kim tra Pin CMOS nu < 3V th thay Pin mi sau thit lp
li CMOS .
- Khi my ht Pin CMOS => cu hnh my c thit lp trong
RAM CMOS s b xo ht, khi my s s dng bn Default
trong BIOS kim tra thit b, trong bn Default lun lun
khai bo A l [ 1.44M 3,5in ] v vy nu my khng lp A
n s b bo li khi khi ng .
Nu my khng lp A th phi khai bo trong mn hnh
CMOS A l [ None ], B l [ None ]



Phin bn Default lun lun khai bo A nh trn



Nu bn khng lp A vo my th cn
khai bo A l [None] , B l [None] nh hnh trn
Bnh 6 : My khi ng vo n Win XP th Reset li, ci li h
iu hnh Win XP th thng bo li v khng th ci
t .
Nguyn nhn :
My b li RAM ( dng nh )
My gn 2 thanh RAM khc chng loi hoc khc tc Bus
Trn Mainboard b kh hoc b phng lng cc t ho lc
ngun .
My b xung t thit b, gn nhiu Card ln khe PCI
Kim tra & Sa cha :
Kim tra RAM, nu trn my gn 2 thanh th hy tho th mt
thanh ra ngoi ri th li, khi gn 2 thanh vo my th phi
cng Bus, cng chng loi v nn c dung lng bng nhau .



Thay th thanh RAM khc ri th li .
Tho ht cc Card m rng ra, ch li Card Video trn my
ri th li => nu my chy c l do li Card hoc my xung
t thit b .
Quan st cc t ho lc ngun trn Mainboard nu thy c hin
tng phng lng th bn cn thay th t mi .



C dy t bn trn b phng lng => cn thay mi



Ch :
- Khi thay t ho trn Mainboard bn phi cho tht nhiu nha
thng sao cho khi tho t ra th mi m hn phi chm bn
trong nha thng, nu bn tho khan c th s lm hng mch
in ca Mainboard .
- Bn c th thay t mi c in p bng hoc cao hn t hng
v in dung c th thay sai s n 20% .
Bnh 7 : My chy thng xuyn b treo hoc chy chm so vi
tc thc .
Nguyn nhn :
Hng qut CPU
Cp tn hiu v cp ngun ca cng tip xc chp chn
My b nhim Virus
Li h iu hnh
cng b Bad phn vng cha h iu hnh .
Kim tra & Sa cha
Kim tra xem qut CPU c quay bnh thng khng ?


Nu qut CPU khng quay th my s b treo
sau khi chy c vi pht
Thay th cp tn hiu ca cng v lm v sinh chn cm dy
ngun ln cng ri th li .


Nu cp tn hiu ca cng tip xc chp
chn s lm cho my b treo

S dng cc phn mm mi nht qut Virus cho my, phn
mm qut Virus cn phi cp nht mi thng xuyn th qut
mi c hiu qu .
Ci li h iu hnh cho my ( xem li phn ci t ) .
Sau khi lm cc bin php trn vn khng c th c th
cng b Bad, nu cng Bad nng th khi ci h iu hnh s b
li, nu Bad nh th bn vn ci t bnh thng nhng khi s
dng my hay b treo .
=> Kim tra a c Bad khng bn lm nh sau :
- Vo mn hnh CMOS thit lp cho CD ROM khi ng
trc
- Cho a Boot CD vo v khi ng my t a Boot CD s
xut hin mn hnh sau :



A:\>_


Phng php sa cha Mainboard
T mn hnh trn bn g SCANDISK C : < Enter >
=> i cho my t qut kim tra , bn bm Enter khi my dng
li sau s xut hin mn hnh SCANDISK nh sau :

Mn hnh trn cho thy trn C c mt s im b Bad
( cc v tr c ch B mu l b Bad " a hng " )
Khi hng Mainboard tu theo mc nng nh m sinh ra
nhng hin tng sau :
1. My khng vo in, qut ngun khng quay .
2. My c vo in, qut ngun quay nhng khng ln mn hnh,
khng c m thanh bo s c .
3. My khi ng b Reset li khi vo n mn hnh Win XP hoc
ci t Win XP b bo li .
4. Mt trong cc cng chut, bn phm hoc cng USB b mt tc
dng .
Bnh 1 v 3 trn c cp bi trc, phn ny chng ti
s cp n phng php kim tra sa cha cc bnh 2 v 4
trn .
Bnh 2 : My c vo in, qut ngun quay nhng khng ln
mn hnh, khng c m thanh bo s c .
Kim tra kt lun l Mainbord hng .
Dng mt b ngun tt th v loi tr c nguyn nhn do
ngun .
C th gn CPU sang mt Mainboard ang chy tt loi tr
kh nng hng CPU .
Ch gn CPU vo Mainboard, kim tra loa bo s c v chc
chn l tt, cp ngun vo Mainboard v bt cng tc P.ON
Khi ngun tt v CPU tt gn trn Mainboard, bt cng tc m
khng c tn hiu g loa bo s c l Mainboard khng hot
ng
Nguyn nhn lm Mainboard khng hot ng
Chp mt trong cc ng ti tiu th
Hng mch dao ng to xung CLK trn Mainboard
Hng mch n p ngun cho CPU
Hng North Bridge hoc Sourth Bridge
Li phn mm trong ROM BIOS

Mainboard v cc linh kin lin quan
n s hot ng ca Mainboard
Cc bc kim tra
Tho tt c cc linh kin ra khi Mainboard
- Gn Card Test Main vo khe PCI



- Cp ngun cho Main board
- M ngun ( dng t vt u chp chn PWR - chn cng tc
m
ngun cho qut ngun quay )
=> Quan st dy n Led trn Mainboard

Ch thch :
- Cc n +5V, 3,3V, +12V, -12V sng ngha l c cc
in p +5V, 3,3V, +12V, -12V hay cc ng p bnh
thng
- n CLK sng l IC dao ng to xung CLK trn Mainboard
tt
- n RST sng ( sau tt ) cho bit Mainboard to xung
Reset
khi ng CPU .
- n OSC sng cho bit CPU hot ng
- n BIOS sng cho bit CPU ang truy cp vo BIOS .
Khi cha gn CPU vo Mainboard th n OSC v n BIOS s
khng sng cn li tt c cc n khc u pht sng l
Mainboard bnh thng ( ring n RST sng ri tt )
Khi gn CPU vo, nu tt c cc n Led trn u sng l c
Mainboard v CPU hot ng .


Mainboard v CPU hot ng th tt c n Led u sng
Mt s trng hp h hng
Mainboard b chp mt trong cc ng in p


Mainboard b chp ng ngun 5V
biu hin l n 5V tt


Mainboard b chp ng ngun 3,3V
biu hin l n 3,3V tt


Mainboard b chp ng ngun 12V
biu hin l n 12V tt
Mch dao ng to xung CLK trn Mainboard khng hot ng


Mch to xung CLK ( xung Clock ) khng hot ng
biu hin l n CLK khng sng
Xem chi tit v mch to xung CLK
Kim tra mch to xung CLK
- o kim tra Vcc 3,3 V cp cho IC dao ng to dung
- Ra bng nc ra mch in khu vc IC dao ng ri
sy kh
- Thay th IC dao ng to xung CLK t Mainboard khc
---------------
Cc ng in p u tt, c tn hiu xung CLK nhng
khi gn CPU vo Mainboard khng sng n OSC


Khi gn CPU vo nhng n OSC v n BIOS vn
khng sng, hin tng trn chng t CPU cha hot ng
Vi trng hp trn bn cn kim tra mch n p cp ngun
cho CPU


Cc n Mosfet ( trong vng xanh )
iu khin cp ngun cho CPU


Ba cp Mosfet ( trong xanh )
iu khin cp ngun cho CPU


IC to dao ng iu khin cc n Mosfet
cp ngun cho CPU

Xem s nguyn l mch cp ngun cho CPU
Kim tra mch cp ngun cho CPU nh sau :

Khi cha gn CPU th o ti chn ra cp ngun cho CPU ( o
trn cc cun dy L1, L2, L3 s trn ) phi l 0 V
Khi gn CPU ( tt ) vo th chn cp ngun cho CPU ra ng
vi in p ghi trn CPU
=> Tho mn hai iu khin trn l mch iu khin ngun cho
CPU hot ng tt .
Cc trng hp sau l hng mch iu khin ngun cho CPU
Cha lp CPU vo Mainboard nhng c in p ra trn cc
cun dy L1, L2, L3 .
Khi lp CPU vo th in p ra cp cho CPU sai so vi in p
ghi trn thn CPU .
=> Cc trng hp trn l do hng mt trong cc n Mosfet
hoc hng IC to dao ng , Bn cn kim tra theo hng nh
sau :
=> o ngun cp cho IC, IC c cp ngun l 5V (Main Pen
4) hoc cp hai ngun l 5V v 12V (Main Pen 3).

IC dao ng iu khin ngun cp cho CPU
trn Mainboard Pentium 4
Kim tra cc n Mosfet iu khin ngun



n Mosfet iu khin ngun

kim tra bn cn g mi hn chn G v chn S ra sau o
kim tra .
Sau y l mt s kin thc v n Mosfet
Mosfet ( Transistor trng ) - Cu to v phng php
kim tra

Hnh dng Mosfet
1. Mosfet l Transistor trng c cu to khc vi Transistor
thng thng , chng c nhy cao hn v c s dng
trong hu ht cc b ngun Monitor , mch iu khin ngun
trn Mainboard
2. Cu to .


Mosfet Transistor

Mosfet c 3 cc l
G ( cc cng ) , D ( cc thot ), S ( cc ngun )
v nguyn l hot ng chng tng t vi 3 cc B, C , E ca
Transistor thng thng , nhng v cu to chng khc vi n
BCE .



+ Cc ngun ( S ) v cc thot ( D ) c ni vi hai cht bn
dn N t trn nn c tnh cch in, khong gia hai cc l
vng ngho in tch t do .

+ Cc cng ( G ) c t bn trn khong trng gia hai cc
N v cc ly bng mt lp cch in l SiO2 , cc G cch in
hon ton vi cc D v cc S .

+ Khi cho mt in p chnh lch vo hai cc D v S th khng
c dng in chy qua nhng khi ta a mt in p dng vo
cc G, in p ny sinh ra hiu ng trng trong khong trng
gia hai lp bn dn N, v di tc dng ca t trng th xut
hin dng in chy qua t cc D sang cc S .

in p t vo chn G khng to ra dng in GS m ch to
ra hiu ng trng trong Mosfet v vy mt tn hiu c cng
rt yu cng c th lm cho Mosfet m rt mnh .

Dng in chy qua hai cc D - S ch ph thuc vo in p
chn G m khng ph thuc vo cng ca tn hiu

=> V vy Mosfet c coi l linh kin c nhy rt cao v
chng c s dng trong cc b ngun Monitor v cc b
ngun ca nhiu thit b in t cao cp ngy nay .

3. Th nghim v s hot ng ca Mosfet .



Th nghim v s hot ng ca Mosfet

Khi K1 ng in tch np vo t C1 lm cho n Mosfet dn,
khi K1 m, in tch trn t C1 vn tn ti do khng c dng
GS do n Mosfet vn duy tr s dn in cho n khi cng
tc K2 ng, in p trn t C1 thot = 0V th n mi tt .

4. K hiu ca Mosfet
Mosfet thng c k hiu l K... , 2SK... , IRF...
Th d K3240 , IRF630 v v.. trong n K c cng sut
ln hn v thng s dng trong mch ngun, cc n IRF c
cng sut nh hn nn s dng trong mch cng tc, mch
Regu v t s dng trong mch ngun .


K hiu ca Mosfet

Quy nh v cc cc :
- Cc G - bn tri
- Cc D - gia
- Cc S - bn phi .

5. o kim tra Mosfet

Chun b : ng h thang x 1K

Nu l Mosfet cn tt th kt qu o s nh sau :


o gia G v S c hai chiu kim khng ln


o gia G v D c hai chiu kim khng ln


Dng Tvt chp G vo D thot in trn cc G


Sau khi G thot in cc G th o gia D v S c mt chiu
kim khng ln ( chiu que en vo D que vo S kim khng
ln )

-----------------------------------------------------------

Cc trng hp sau l Mosfet b hng


o gia G v S kim ln => l chp G S


o gia G v D kim ln l chp G D


Hoc mc d thot in chn G


o gia D v S kim vn ln sau khi thot in cc G l b
chp DS
----------------------------------------------------------

nh minh ho

Trng hp kim tra in p cp cho CPU bnh thng,
Mainboard c dao ng nhng vn khng sng cc n
OSC v BIOS



=> Trng hp ny c th do Chipset b li
=> Dng my hn kh kh li Chipset nam

Kh li chipset nam bng my hn kh

CPU hot ng nhng khng truy cp BIOS



Biu hin : n BIOS trn Card Test Mainboard khng sng
=> Trng hp trn thng thng do li BIOS
=> Thay BIOS ly t Mainboard cng chng loi sang th
Lu : Nu BIOS ( cng s ) nhng ly t Mainboard khc
loi s khng chy c v phn mm bn trong BIOS chng


Kim tra thy Mosfet hng
khc nhau .


Bnh 4 : Mt trong cc cng chut, bn phm hoc cng USB b
mt tc dng .
Nguyn nhn mt tc dng chut, bn phm .
Hng IC giao tip chut, bn phm .


nhn bit IC giao tip bn c th d ngc t cc cng
chut bn phm v ( s dng thang x1 o thng mch )
Nguyn nhn mt tc dng cng USB
Vi cng USB khng hot ng bn cn hn li Chipset nam
( dng my hn kh li ) v tn hiu a ra cng ny c ly
t Chipset nam .



Cng USB ly tn hiu t Chipset nam v ra ngun 5V
ly t ngun 5V chnh ca Mainboard