Load Control

DMA Load Contro
HUAWEI Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. AH rights reserved.

The WCDMA system is a self interference system. As the load of the WCDMA system
increases, the interference rises. A relatively high interference may affect the coverage
and Quality of Service (QoS) of established services. Therefore, capacity, coverage and
QoS of the WCDMA system are mutually affected. The purpose of load control is to
maximize the system capacity while ensuring coverage and QoS.
() Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able t o:
D Know load control principles
a Know load control realization methods in WCDMA system
D Know load control parameters in WCDMA system
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@ Contents
1. Load Control Overview
2. Load Control Algorithms
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Contents
1.1 Load Control Alaorithms Overview
1.2 Load Measurement
1.3 Priorities Involved in Load Control
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Load Definition
Load: the occupancy of capacity
Two kinds of capacity in WCDMA system
Hard capacity
. Cell DL OVSF Code v A
NodeB Transport resource I > '
NodeB processing capability (NodeB credit)
n Soft capacity
. Cell Power (UL and DL) ;
1
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1. Power .include DL transmitting power of cell and increased UL interference (RTWP).
2. DL OVSF code of a cell
3. DL and UL NodeB processing capability which is dened by NodeB credit.
4. lub transmission bandwidth of a NodeB
The power resource is related to the mobility, distribution of the UE and also effected by
the radio conditions. Therefore, for a xed power resource, the numbers of service can
be supported is not a x result. We believe the UL and DL power resources are soft.
WCDMA network load can be dened by 4 factors:
The Objectives of Load Control
Keeping system stable
Maximizing system capacity while ensuring coverage and QoS
Realize different priorities for different service and different user
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WCDMA network load can be defined by 4 factors:
1,Power .include DL transmitting power of cell and increased UL interference (RTWP).
2,DL OVSF code of a cell
3.DL and UL NodeB processing capability which is defined by NodeB credit.
4,lub transmission bandwidth of a NodeB
The power resource is related to the mobility, distribution of the UE and also effected
by the radio conditions. Therefore, for a fixed power resource, the numbers of service
can be supported is not a fix result. We believe the UL and DL power resources are
soft.
Load Control Algorithms
The load control algorithms are applied to the different
UE access phases as follows: , -^ K'
+ rrr -
py
C
tAC > LDB
CAC J W% Time
OLC
" % >
1, Before UE access 2. During UE access ? After UE access
*~ PUC: Potential User Control CAC: Call Admission Control
IAC: Intelligent Admission Control LDB : Intra-frequency Load Balancing
LDR: Load Reshuffling OLC: Overload Control
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The load control algorithms are applied to the different UE access phases as follows:
Before UE access: Potential User Control (PUC)
During UE access: Intelligent Access Control (IAC) and Call Admission Control (CAC)
After UE access: intra-frequency Load Balancing (LDB), Load Reshuffling (LDR), and
Overload Control (OLC)
Load control algorithm in the WCDMA system
Load control algorithm
NodeB
i
i
RNC
t
t
I
Iub
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Iu
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The load control algorithms are built into the RNC. The input of load control comes
from the RNC and measurement information of the NodeB.
RNC can calculate hard resource load, that is OVSF ,NodeB credit, Iub occupancy.
The soft load need the NodeB reporting.
Contents
1.1 Load Control Algorithms Overview
13 Priorities Involved in Load Control
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9
Soft Load Measurement J U
The major measurement objects of the load measurement > ,*&&
/
UL Load
DL Load
Uplink Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP)
Received scheduled Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH)
power share (RSEPS)
E-DCH Provided Bit Rate
TCP \)U
Non-HSPATCP
r
* j
iAr
^ * L
HSDPA PBR
HSDPA GBP
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The soft load control algorithms use load measurement values in the uplink and the
downlink. A common Load Measurement (LDM) algorithm is required to control load
measurement in the uplink and the downlink.
The NodeB and the RNC perform measurements and filtering in accordance with the
parameter settings. The statistics obtained after the measurements and filtering serve
as the data input for the load control algorithms.
The major measurement objects of the LDM are as follows:
Uplink Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP)
Received scheduled Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH) power share (RSEPS)
E-DCH Provided Bit Rate
oDownlink Transmitted Carrier Power (TCP)
TCP of all codes not used for High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-
PDSCH), High Speed Shared Control Channel , (Non-HSPA TCP)
Provided Bit Rate on HS-DSCH (PBR)
HS-DSCH required power, also called Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) required power
(GBP)
Load Measurement procedure
Sam;:: L1/L3
filtering
I
Smoothed
filtering
State and load
information processing
-*!
PUC
Smoothed
filtering
State and load
information processing -*-
CAC
Smoothed {
filtering |
Smoothed
I filtering
Slate and load
Stale and toad
tt
-+-
LDR
OLC
Smoothed
filtering
State and toad
M
LDB
NodeB j Cs i d o
__L__a* .
IX,
J
p() = i =2_
p
N
N : the size of the smooth window
P
n
: the reported measurement value
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The NodeB measures the major measurement quantities and then obtains original
measurement values. After layer 3 filtering on the NodeB side, the NodeB reports the cell
measurement values t o t he RNC.
The RNC performs smooth filtering on the measurement values reported f rom the NodeB
and then obtains the measurement values, whi ch further serve as data input for the load
control algorithms.
Filtering on the NodeB Side
Parameters
A Layer 1
filtering
8
+
Layer 3
filtering
c I
I
I
I
A is the sampling value of the measurement.
B is the measurement value after layer 1 fi l teri ng.
C is the measurement value after layer 3 filtering ,whi ch is the reported measurement value
Layer 1 filtering is not standardized by protocols and it depends on vendor equi pment.
Layer 3 filtering is standardized. The filtering effect is controlled by a higher layer.
The NodeB periodically reports each measurement quantity t o t he RNC. The
fol l owi ng table lists the reporting intervals for the measurement quantities.
Measurement
RTWP
RSEPS
TCP
Non-HSDPA power
GBP
HS-DSCH PBR
E-DCH PBR
Reporting Interval ( Unit: ms )
1000
1000
200
200
1000
100
100
Smooth Window Filtering on the RNC Side
After the RNC receives the measurement report, it filters the measurement value
wi t h the smooth wi ndow.
Assuming that the reported measurement value is Qn and that the size of the
smooth wi ndow is N, the filtered measurement value is :
W- l
Q = ^
^ , N
Delay susceptibilities of PUC, CAC, LDR, and OLC t o common measurement are
different. The LDM algorithm must apply different smooth filter coefficients and
measurement periods to those algorithms; thus, they can get expected filtered
values.
Algorithm
PUC
LDB
LDR
CAC
OLC
default Value
32
32
25
3
25
Smooth window for GBP for all related algorithms are the same and the default setting is 1
Contents
1.1 Load Control Algorithms Overview
1.3 Priorities Involved in Load Control
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13
Priority
The service of user with
control algorithms first
Three kinds of priorities
a User Priority
D RAB Integrate Priority
n User Integrate Priority
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Ltd. Al
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# #
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User Priority: mainly applying to provide different QoS for different users. Eg., setting
different GBR according to the user priority for BE service. No consideration about the
service.
RAB Integrate Priority: Priority of a service, related to the service type, and the user
priority of the user.
User Integrate Priority: Only used for multi-RAB user ,it is a temporary priority of an
ongoing-service user.
User Priority
There are three levels of user priority ^1
a gold (high), silver (middle) and copper (low) user
User priority
Uplink
Downlink
Gold
128kbps
128kbps
Silver
64kbps
64kbps
Copper
32kbps
32kbps
C~^)
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Pay $100
f or 3G
services
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In CN HLR, we can set ARP (Allocation Retention Priority ).During service setup, CN
sends ARP to RNC .Based on the mapping relation( configured in RNC), RNC can
identify the user's priority, gold, silver or copper one.
The user priority affect GBR of a BE service in RAN, Iub transmission management and
so on.
B ^ allocationOrRetentioriPriority
priorityLeveLOxc (12)
pre-emptionCapability:shall-not-trigger-pre-emption (0)
pre-emptionVulnerability:not-pre-emptable (0)
queuingAllowediqueueing-allowed (1)
User Priority
# The mapping relation between user priority and ARP .
(Allocation/Retention Priority) is configured in RNC by SET
USERPRIORITY
n An example:
ARP
User
Priority
1 2 3 4
Gold
5 6 7 8 9
Silver
10 11 12 13 14 15
Copper
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The user priority mapping can be configured in RNC by SET USERPRIORITY
ARP 15 is always the lowest priority and it cannot be configured. It corresponds to
copper.
If ARP is not received in messages from the Iu interface, the user priority is regarded as
copper.
RAB Integrate Priority
RAB Integrate Priority is mainly used in
algorithms
RAB Integrate Priority are set according
a ARP
D Traffic Class
n THP (for interactive service only)
a HSPAorDCH
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RAB Integrate Priority is mainly used in load control algorithms.
The values of RAB Integrate Priority are set according to the Integrate Priority
Configured Reference parameter as follows:
If Integrate Priority Configured Reference is set to Traffic Class, the integrate priority
abides by the following rules:
Traffic classes: conversational -> streaming -> interactive -> background =>
Services of the same class: Priority based on Allocation/Retention Priority (ARP)
values, that is, ARP1 -> ARP2 -> ARP3 -> ... -> ARP14 =>
Only for the interactive service of the same ARP value: priority based on Traffic
Handling Priority (THP, defined in CN , sent to RNC during service setup), that is,
THP1 -> THP2 -> THP3 -> ... -> THP14 =>
Services of the same ARP, class and THP (only for interactive services): High
Speed Packet Access (HSPA) or Dedicated Channel (DCH) service preferred
depending on the value of the Indicator of Carrier Type Priority parameter.
If Integrate Priority Configured Reference is set to ARP, the integrate priority abides by
the following rules:
ARP1 -> ARP2 -> ARP3 -> ... -> ARP14 =>
Traffic classes: conversational -> streaming -> interactive -> background =>
Only for the interactive service of the same ARP value: priority based on Traffic
Handling Priority (THP), that is, THP1 -> THP2 -> THP3 -> ... -> THP14 =>
Services of the same ARP, class and THP (only for interactive services): HSPA
or DCH service preferred depending on the value of the Indicator of Carrier
Type Priority parameter.
Integrate Priority Configured Reference and Indicator of Carrier Type
Priority are set by SET USERPRIORITY .
By default
Integrate Priority Configured Reference is set to ARP
Indicator of Carrier Type Priority is set to NONE, that means HSPA and DCH
services have the same priority.
ARP and THP are carried in the RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message, and they are
not configurable on the RNC LMT.
An Example for RAB Integrate
Priority
Services attribution in the cell
Service
ID
A
B
C
D
ARP
1
1
2
2
Traffic Class
Interactive
Interactive
Conversational
Background
Bear
type
DCH
HSDPA
DCH
DCH
Based on ARP, HSPA priority is higher
Service
ID
B
A
C
D
ARP
1
1
2
2
Traffic Class
Interactive
Interactive
Conversational
Background
Bear
type
HSDPA
DCH
DCH
DCH
Based on Traffic Class, HSPA priority is higher
Service
ID
C
B
A
D
Traffic Class
Conversational
Interactive
Interactive
Background
ARP
2
1
1
2
Bear
type
DCH
HSDPA
DCH
DCH
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This example shows the RAB Integrate Priority calculation in 2 different conditions
User Integrate Priority
When the user has only one RAB, User
same as the RAB integrate priority
integrate priority is the
* For multiple RAB users, the integrate priority of the
on the service of the highest priority
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user is based
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When the user has one RAB, User integrate priority is the same as the service of the
RAB integrate priority;
For multiple RAB users, the integrate priority of the user is based on the service of the
highest priority.
User integrate priority is used in user-specific load control. For example, the selection of
R99 users during preemption, the selection of users during inter-frequency load
handover for LDR, and the selection of users during switching BE services to CCH are
performed according to the user integrate priority.
Key parameters of Priority
Integrate Priority Configured Reference
a Parameter ID: PRIORITYREFERENCE
The default value of this parameter is ARP
Indicator of Carrier Type Priority
D Parameter ID: CARRIERTYPEPRIORIND
The default value of this parameter is NONE
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Integrate Priority Configured Reference
Parameter ID: PRIORITYREFERENCE
Value range: ARP, Traffic Class
Content: This parameter is used to set the criterion by which the priority is first sorted.
The default value of this parameter is ARP
Set this parameter through SET USERPRIORITY
Indicator of Carrier Type Priority
Parameter ID: CARRIERTYPEPRIORIND
Value range: NONE, DCH, HSPA
Content: This parameter is used to decide which carrier (DCH or HSPA) takes
precedence when ARP and Traffic Class are identical. When this parameter is set to
NONE, the bearing priority of services on the DCH is the same as that of HSPA
. services.
The default value of this parameter is NONE,
Set this parameter through SET USERPRIORITY
^ J Contents
2.1 PUC (Potential User Control)
2.2 LDB (Intra-Frequency Load Balancing)
2.3 CAC {Call Admission Control)
2.4 IAC (Intelligent Admission Control)
2.5 LDR (Load Reshuffling)
2.6 OLC (Overload Control)
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PUC Principles
ir * The Potential User Control (PUC) algorithm controls the inter-.J
s** )
.frequency cell reselection of the potential UE, and prevents UE
from camping on a heavily loaded cell.
Potential UE :
D IDLE Mode UE
Q CELL-FACH UE, CELL-PCH UE, URA-PCH UE
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The function of PUC is to balance traffic load among inter-frequency cells. By modifying
cell selection and reselection parameters and broadcasting them through system
information, PUC leads UEs to cell with light load. The UE may be in idle mode,
Cell_FACH state, Cell _PCH state, UfRA_PCH state
PUC Load Judgment
UL/DL load
i
Load level.
threshold
Load level di\
threshold
Heavy
Normal
ISI on
son
t t t t
time
RNC periodic check
<o Load level division hysteresis
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Cell load for PUC is of three states: heavy, normal, and light
The RNC periodically monitors the downlink load of the cell and compares the
measurement results with the configured thresholds Load level division threshold 1 and
Load level division threshold 2, that is, load level division upper and lower thresholds.
If the cell load is higher than the ioad level division upper threshold plus the Load level
division hysteresis, the cell load is considered heavy.
If the cell load is lower than the load level division lower threshold minus the Load level
division hysteresis, the cell load is considered light.
Otherwise the cell load is considered normal
Sy\
5^'\
c\
v-v*
- > T
PUC Procedure
Heavy?
Light?
Normal?
Threshold
Every 200ms
Cell TCP
System information
R N C Parameters
N o d e B U E
Every 30 minutes
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The parameters related to cell selection and cell reselection are Qoffset1(s,n) (load level
offset), Qoffset2(s,n) (load level offset), and Sintersearch (start threshold for inter-
frequency cell reselection).
The NodeB periodically reports the total TCP of the cell, and the PUC periodically triggers
the following activities:
Assessing the cell load level based on the total TCP
Configuring Sintersearch, Qoffset1(s,n), and Qoffset2(s,n) based on the cell load level
PUC can Modify inter-frequency cell reselection parameters based on the load:
1 s
**intersearch
when the load of a cell is "Heavy", PUC will increase S
intersearch
when the load of a cell is "Light", PUC will decrease S
jntersearch
2- Qoffset
1
when the load of current cell is "Heavy" and neighbor is "Non heavy", PUC will decrease
5ffset
when the load of current cell is "Non heavy" and neighbor is "Heavy", PUC will increase
Ôffset
Ôffset
Updating the parameters of system information SIB3 and SIB11
Load of Current Cell
Light
Normal
Heavy
Sintersearch
S'intersearch = Sintersearch + Sintersearch offset 1
S'intersearch = Sintersearch
S'intersearch = Sintersearch + Sintersearch offset 2
Change of
Sintersearch
\

/
: indicates that the parameter value remains unchanged.
/ : indicates that the parameter value increases.
\ : indicates that the parameter value decreases.
Neighboring
Cell Load
Non-Heavy
Non-Heavy
Heavy
Heavy
Current
Cell
Load
Non-
Heavy
Heavy
Non-
Heavy
Heavy
Q' offsetl
Q'offsetl = Qoffsetl
+ Qoffsetl offset 1
+ Qoffsetl offset 2
Change of
Q' offsetl

\
/
-*
Qof f set 2
Q'offsetZ = Qoffset2
Qoffset2 = Qoffset2
+ Qoffset2 offset 1
Q'offset2 = Qoffset2
+ Qoffset2 offset 2
Q'offset2 = Qoffset2
Change of
Q'offse
i
\
/
-*
PUC Principles
Freql
System Inf
SIB3.11
LHard to trigger reselection
2.Easy to camp on the cell
Increase the POTENTIAL load System Int
SIB3.11
Freq2 1. Easy to trigger reselection
2.Easy to select light load J-
Inter-freq neighbor Cell ^
Decrease the POTENTIAL load
, - ^ Heavy load
18'
System Inf
SIB3.11
Idle state
CCH state
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Based on the characteristics of inter-frequency cell selection and reselection.
Sintersearch
When this value is increased by the serving cell, the UE starts inter-frequency cell
reselection ahead of schedule.
When this value is decreased by the serving cell, the UE delays inter-frequency
cell reselection.
Qoffsetl (s,n): applies to R (reselection) rule with CPICH RSCP
When this value is increased by the serving cell, the UE has a lower probability of
selecting a neighboring cell.
When this value is decreased by the serving cell, the UE has a higher probability
of selecting a neighboring cell.
Qoffset2(s,n): applies to R (reselection) rule with CPICH Ec/10
When this value is increased by the serving cell, the UE has a lower probability of
selecting a neighboring cell.
When this value is decreased by the serving cell, the UE has a higher probability
of selecting a neighboring cell.
Key parameters PUC
Ceil LDC algorithm switch
n Parameter ID: NBMLDCALGOSWITCH PUC
The default value of this parameter is Off
Load level division threshold 1 (Heavy)
a Parameter ID: SPUCHEAVY
a The default value of this parameter is 70(70%)
Load level division threshold 2 (Light)
a Parameter ID: SPUCLIGHT
n The default value of this parameter is 45(45%)
H # HUAWEI
Cell LDC algorithm switch
Parameter ID: NBMLDCALGOSWITCH PUC
Value range: OFF, ON
Content: This parameter is used to enable or disable the PUC algorithm..
The default value of this parameter is OFF
Set this parameter through ADD CELLALGOSWITCH /MOD CELLALGOSWITCH
Load level division threshold 1 (Heavy)
Parameter ID: SPUCHEAVY
Value range: 0 to 100
Content: This parameter is one of the thresholds used to assess cell load level and to
decide whether the cell load level is heavy or not.
The default value of this parameter is 70%,
Set this parameter through ADD CELLPUC / MOD CELLPUC
Load level division threshold 2 (Light)
Parameter ID: SPUCLIGHT
Content: This parameter is one of the thresholds used to assess cell load level and to
decide whether the cell load level is heavy or not.
Key parameters PUC
Load level division hysteresis
a Parameter ID: SPUCHYST
n The default value of this parameter is 5 (5%)
PUC period timer length
D Parameter ID: PUCPERIODTIMERLEN
n The default value of this parameter is 1800(s)
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Load level division hysteresis
Parameter ID: SPUCHYST
Content: This parameter specifies the hysteresis used during cell load level
assessment to avoid unnecessary ping-pong effect of a cell between two load levels
due to a little load change.
The default value of this parameter is 5 (5%)
PUC period timer length
Parameter ID: PUCPERIODTIMERLEN
Value range: 6 to 86400 s
Content: This parameter specifies the period of potential user control. The higher the
parameter is set, the longer the period to trigger the PUC is.
The default value of this parameter is 1800(s)
Set this parameter through SET LDCPERIOD
Key parameters PUC
Sintersearch offset 1
a Parameter ID: OFFSINTERLIGHT
a The default value of this parameter is - 2 (-4dB)
a Parameter ID: OFFSINTERHEAVY
The default value of this parameter is 2 (4dB)
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Parameter ID: OFFSINTERLIGHT
Value range: -10 to 10 ,step:2dB
Content: This parameter defines the offset of Sintersearch when the center cell load
level is "Light". It is strongly recommended that this parameter be set to a value not
higher than 0. The default value of this parameter is -2 (-4dB)
Set this parameter through ADD CELLPUC / MOP CELLPUC
Parameter ID: OFFSINTERHEAVY
Content: This parameter defines the offset of Sintersearch when the center cell load
level is "Heavy". It is strongly recommended that this parameter be set to a value not
lower than 0. The default value of this parameter is 2 (4dB)
Key parameters PUC
* Qoffsetl offset 1 (For RSCP)
a Parameter ID: 0FFQ0FFSET1 LIGHT
n The default value of this parameter is - 4 (-8dB)
Qoffsetl offset 2 (For RSCP)
a Parameter ID: OFFQOFFSET1 HEAVY
o The default value of this parameter is 4 (8dB)
| H | HUAWEI
Qoffsetl offset 1
Parameter ID: OFFQOFFSET1 LIGHT
Value range: - 10 to 10 ,step:2dB
Content: This parameter defines the offset of Qoffsetl (RSCP) when the current
cell has heavy load and the neighboring cell has light or normal load. To enable the
UE to select a neighboring cell with relatively light load, it is strongly recommended
that this parameter be set to a value not higher than 0.
The default value of this parameter is -4 (-8dB)
Set this parameter through ADD CELLPUC/MOD CELLPUC
Qoffsetl offset 2
Parameter ID: OFFQOFFSET1 HEAVY
Value range: - 10 to 10 ,step:2dB
Content: This parameter defines the offset of Qoffsetl (RSCP) when the load of a
neighboring cell is heavier than that of the center cell. To enable the UE to select a
neighboring cell with relatively light load, it is strongly recommended that this
parameter be set to a value not lower than 0.
Key parameters PUC
Qoffset2 offset 1 (For Ec/No)
a Parameter ID: 0FFQ0FFSET2LIGHT
a The default value of this parameter is - 4 (-8dB)
Qoffset2 offset 2 (For Ec/No)
a Parameter ID: OFFQOFFSET2HEAVY
n The default value of this parameter is 4 (8dB)
H # HUAWEI
Qoffsetl offset 1
Parameter ID: OFFQOFFSET1 LIGHT
Content: This parameter defines the offset of Qoffsetl (RSCP) when the current cell
has heavy load and the neighboring cell has light or normal load. To enable the UE to
select a neighboring cell with relatively light load, it is strongly recommended that this
parameter be set to a value not higher than 0.
The default value of this parameter is -4 (-8dB)
Qoffsetl offset 2
Parameter ID: OFFQOFFSET2HEAVY
Content: This parameter defines the offset of Qoffset2 (EcNo) when the load of a
neighboring cell is heavier than that of the center cell. To enable the UE to select a
neighboring cell with relatively light load, it is strongly recommended that this
parameter be set to a value not lower than 0.
Contents
23 CAC (Call Admission Control)
"' -.,:.:.,:......,..,......,..,...:.,.........:-.:........ . . .,,.-.. . ....:......,.. -. -
:
-'-\y , - ! ; ;
:
,.V: ' :;. ::..,;..-.,. ;V !: ::,::- / ' ,
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Intra-Frequency Load Balancing
* Intra-frequency Load Balancing (LDB) is performed to adjust the
coverage areas of cells by modifying PCPICH power
LDB affect UEs in all states
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Intra-frequency Load Balancing (LDB) is performed to adjust the coverage areas of
cells according to the measured values of cell downlink power load. RNC checks the
load of cells periodically and adjusts the transmit power of the P-CPICH in the
associated cells based on the cell load.
When the load of a cell increases, the cell reduces its coverage to lighten its load.
When the load of a cell decreases, the cell extends its coverage so that some traffic is
off-loaded from its neighboring cells to it.
Reduction of the pilot power will make the UEs at the edge of the cell handed over to
neighboring cells, especially to those with a relatively light load and with relatively high
pilot power. After that, the downlink load of the cell is lightened accordingly.
LDB Procedure
Threshold
3
Normal? *"---
!
Modify cell PCPICH I *
RNC
power
NodeB
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^ ^ wk Handover or
^
r
H r .1 i f
fjp Cell Reselection
Updated PCPICH
POWER
UE
Page36 ^% HUAWEI
The NodeB periodically reports the total TCP of the cell, and the LDB periodically triggers
the following activities:
Assessing the cell load level based on the total TCP
If the downlink load of a cell is higher than the value of the Cell overload threshold, it is
an indication that the cell is heavily loaded. In this case, the transmit power of the P-
CPICH needs to be reduced by a step, which is defined by the Pilot power adjustment
step parameter. However, if the current transmit power is equal to the value of the Min
transmit power of PCPICH parameter, no adjustment is performed.
If the downlink load of a cell is lower than the value of the Cell underload threshold, it is
an indication that the cell has sufficient remaining capacity for more load. In this case, the
transmit power of the P-CPICH increases by a step, which is defined by the Pilot power
adjustment step parameter, to help to lighten the load of neighboring cells. However, if
the current transmit power is equal to the value of the Max transmit power of PCPICH
parameter, no adjustment is performed.
Key parameters LDB
a Parameter ID: NBMLdcAlgoSwitch LDB
The default value of this parameter is Off
Intra-frequency LDB period timer length
n Parameter ID: IntraFreqLdbPeriodTimerLen
p The default value of this parameter is 1800 (s)
| | i HUAWEI
Parameter ID: NBMLdcAlgoSwitch LDB
Content: This parameter is used to enable or disable the LDB algorithm..
Set this parameter through ADD CELLALGOSWITCH / MOD CELLALGOSWITCH
intra-frequency LDB period timer length
Parameter ID: IntraFreqLdbPeriodTimerLen
Content: This parameter specifies the length of the intra-frequency LDB period.
The default value of this parameter is 1800 (s)
Set this parameter through SET LPCPERIOD
Key parameters LDB
Cell overload threshold (Heavy)
n Parameter ID: CellOverrunThd
a The default value of this parameter is 90(90%)
Cell underload threshold (Light)
a Parameter ID: CellUnderrunThd
The default value of this parameter is 30(30%)
Pilo t power adjustmen t s tep
a Parameter ID: PCPICHPowerPace
n The default value of this parameter is 2 (0.2dB)

MHP
$ % HUAWEI
Cell overload threshold
Parameter ID: CellOverrunThd
Content: If the downlink load of a cell exceeds this threshold, the algorithm can decrease the pilot
transmit power of the cell so as to extend the capacity of the whole system.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDB / MOO CELLLDB
Cell underload threshold
Parameter ID: CellUnderrunThd
Content: If the downlink load of a cell is lower than this threshold, the algorithm can increase the
pilot transmit power of the cell so as to share the load of other cells.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDB / MOD CELLLDB
Pilot power adjustment step
Parameter ID: PCPICHPowerPace
Value range: 0 to 10 , Step 0.1 dB
Content: This parameter defines the step for the adjustment to the pilot power.
The default value of this parameter is 2, 0.2dB
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDB / MOD CELLLDB
Key parameters LDB
Max transmit power of PCPICH
n Parameter ID: MaxPCPICHPower
D The default value of this parameter is 346 (34.6dBm)
Min transmit power of PCPICH
a Parameter ID: MinPCPICHPower
a The default value of this parameter is 313 (31.3dBm)
| Pi | HUAWEI
Max transmit power of PCPICH
Parameter ID: MaxPCPICHPower
Value range: -100 to 500 .Step 0.1 dB
Content: This parameter defines the maximum transmit power of the P-CPICH in a cell.
This parameter has to be set according to the actual system environment, that is, for
example, cell coverage (radius) and geographical environment. If the maximum transmit
power of the P-CPICH is set too low, the cell coverage decreases. When a certain
proportion of soft handover area is ensured, any more increase in the pilot power
achieves no improvement on the performance of the downlink coverage.
The default value of this parameter is 346 (34.6dBm)
Set this parameter through ADD PCPICH / MOP PCPICHPWR
Min transmit power of PCPICH
Parameter ID: MinPCPICHPower
Value range: -100 to 500
Content: This parameter defines the minimum transmit power of the P-CPICH in a cell.
This parameter has to be set according to the actual system environment, that is, for
example, (radius) and geographical environment. If the minimum transmit power of the
P-CPICH is set too low, the cell coverage will be affected. The parameter has to be set
under the condition that a certain proportion of soft handover area is ensured or the
occurrence of coverage hole can be prevented.
The default value of this parameter is 313 (31.3dBm)
Set this parameter through ADD PCPICH / MOD PCPICHPWR
@ Contents
2.3 CAC (Call Admission Control)
4fH HUAWEI
Why we need CAC?
WCDMA
admitted,
* If a cell is
dropped
9 We must
Planning
is an interference limited system, after a
the system load will be increased
new call is
high loaded, a new call will cause ongoing user
keep the coverage planned by the Radio
Network
| H | HUAWEI
CAC is needed under such scenarios:
1. RRC connection setup request
2. RAB setup and Bandwidth increasing
3. Handover
4. Rate reconfiguration (Reconfigure RB)
Flow chart of CAC
Admi ssi on r equest
r e s
Code admi s s i on
v
Yes
l-'ower aiJiTH'-.-.iiji'r--'
Ye- ,
NodeB c r edi t admi ssi on?
iub r esour ce admi ssi on?
S P A user numoe
admi ssi on?
Resour ce admi ssi on passed -e-L-auic-i-:- .:>.;--;r: :-..;,. on dent ed
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Alt rights reserved. Page42
HUAWEI
The admission decision is based on:
Cell available code resource: managed in RNC
Cell available power resource, that is DL/UL load : measured in NodeB
NodeB credits, that is, NodeB processing resource state, Channel
Elements .managed in RNC
Available Iub transport layer resource, that is, Iub transmission bandwidth:
managed in RNC
HSPA user number (only for HSPA service)
Algorithm Switch of CAC
Admission control Switches can be set on RNC LMT:
* Power CAC
a Uplink CAC algorithm switch
o Downlink CAC algorithm switch
* NodeB Credit CAC
D CAC algorithm switch : CacSwitch
a Cell CAC algorithm switch: CRD_ADCTRL
HSDPA user number CAC
D CAC algorithm switch :HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL
* HSUPA user number CAC
n CAC algorithm switch: HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL
| l HUAWEI
Except the mandatory code and Iub resource admission control, the admission control based
on power and NodeB credit,HSDPA User Number can be disabled through the LMT command:
Power CAC can be switched off by ADD CELLALGOSWITCH / MOD CELLALGOSWITCH
Uplink CAC algorithm switch (NBMULCACALGOSELSWITCH ) specifies the algorithm used
for power admission in the uplink.
Downlink CAC algorithm switch (NBMDLCACALGOSELSWITCH) specifies the algorithm
used for power admission in the downlink.
NodeB Credit CAC can be switched off bv SET CACALGOSWITCH or ADD
CELLALGOSWITCH / MOD CELLALGOSWITCH
CAC algorithm switch (CacSwitch) specifies the NodeB level credit CAC algorithm
Cell CAC algorithm switch (CRD_ADCTRL) specifies the Cell level credit CAC algorithm.
HSDPA user number CAC switched off by ADD CELLALGOSWITCH / MOD
CELLALGOSWITCH
HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL specifies whether to enable or disable the HSDPA admission control
algorithm.
HSUPA user number CAC switched off by ADD CELLALGOSWITCH / MOD
CELLALGOSWITCH
HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL specifies whether to enable or disable the HSUPA admission control
algorithm
CAC Based on Code Resource
Code Resource CAC functions in:
n RRC connection setup
Handover
a R99 services setup
Note: RRC connection setup and Handover have higher priority
| # HUAWEI
When a new service attempts to access the network, code resource admission is
mandatory.
1. For RRC connection setup requests, the code resource admission is successful if the
current remaining code resource is enough for the RRC connection.
2. For handover services, the code resource admission is successful if the current
remaining code resource is enough for the service.
3. For R99 services setup and Rate Reconfiguration, the RNC has to ensure that the
remaining code does not exceed the configurable threshold after admission.
4. For HSDPA services, the reserved codes are shared by all HSDPA services. Therefore,
the code resource admission is not needed.
So the RRC connection setup and Handover has higher priority to access a cell
CAC Based on Power Resource
UL and DL Power Resource CAC functions in:
n RRC connection setup
n Handover
a Services setup
Note: RRC connection setup and Handover have higher priority
# # HUAWEI
The UL CAC and DL CAC are independent.
The basic principle of Power CAC is: RNC predict the cell power load after the access. If
the load will be higher than a threshold, the admission is failed.
So, by setting different threshold for different access services, we can realize different
priorities.
Power admission is used in all the access scenarios, except for:
For Intra-frequency handover request, uplink power admission is not need.
For rate downsizing, RNC accept the request directly without admission.
Power CAC Algorithms
Al gori thm 1: based on UL/DL load measurement and load
prediction (RTWP and TCP) . r ^ J i " J W t i fcU * *} fo*>
Al gori thm 2: based on Equivalent Number of User (ENU) / > y * V
Al gori thm 3: loose call admission control algorithm
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Ail rights reserved. Page46 flHI H U A W E I
Huawei provide 3 Power CAC Algorithms
Algorithm 1: power resource admission decision based on power or interference.
Depending on the current cell load (uplink load factor and downlink transmitted carrier power)
and the access request, the RNC determines whether the cell load will exceed the threshold
upon admitting a new call. If yes, the RNC rejects the request. If not, the RNC accepts the
request.
Algorithm 2: power resource admission decision based on the number of equivalent
users.Based on Huawei testing and experience, The 12.2 kbit/s AMR traffic is used to
calculate the Equivalent Number of Users (ENU) of all other services in UL and DL. The
12.2 kbit/s AMR traffic's ENU is assumed to be 1. Depending on the current number of
equivalent users and the access request in UL and DL, the RNC determines whether the
number of equivalent users will exceed the threshold upon admitting a new call. If yes, the
RNC rejects the request. If not, the RNC accepts the request.
Algorithm 3: power resource admission decision based on power or interference, but with
the estimated load increment always set to O.Depending on the current cell load (uplink load
factor and downlink TCP) and the access request, the RNC determines whether the cell
load will exceed the threshold, with the estimated load increment set to 0. If yes, the RNC
rejects the request. If not, the RNC accepts the request.
n fc
iT
T
(LV*I X
Basic principle of Uplink CAC Algorithm 1
C Admission request j
i
Get current RTWP, and calculate the
current load factor
1
Get the traffic characteristic, and
estimate the increment of load factor
X
Calculate the predicted load factor
Smaller than the
threshold?
admitted rejected
c
End of UL CAC
- %t = l -
.V
RTWP
"^VL predicted ~ VuL + A /7 + T]
CCH
f t
HUAWEI
Pn is uplink receive background noise. ' ' JAXMTHT
The procedure for uplink power resource decision is as follows:
1. The RNC obtains the uplink RTWP of the cell, and calculate the current uplink load
factor.
2. The RNC calculates the uplink load increment A n. UL based on the service request.
3. The RNC uses the formula n UL,predicted= n UL + A n UL to forecast the uplink load
factor.
4. By comparing the forecasted uplink load factor a UL.predicted with the corresponding
threshold ,the RNC decides whether to accept the access request or not.
For HSUPA service access, the RSEPS and PBR will be considered when calculating the
cell load.
i
^
:
j ^
J
*AA
A
-y
K^
A>
A
Basic principle of Downlink CAC Al gori thml
Downlink admission control request
i f
Get measurement TCP and calculate
the current downlink load factor
V
calculate the increment of downlink
load due to the request
v
Get the predicted downlink factor
1
compare the predicted downlink
factor with the admission threshold
TCP
< ^
=
i r
-+ lot,?**** -Vm*^Hm +%!_**
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technoiogies Co., Ltd. AU rights reserved. Page48 n H U A WG 1
The procedure for downlink power resource decision is as follows:
1. The RNC obtains the cell downlink TCP and calculates the downlink load factor i j DL
by dividing the maximum downlink transmit power Pmax by this TCP.
2. The RNC calculates the downlink load increment A P based on the service request and
the current load.
3. The RNC forecasts the downlink load factor.
4. By comparing the downlink load factor with the corresponding threshold (DL threshold
of Conv AMR service, DL threshold of Conv non_AMR service, DL threshold of other
services, DL Handover access threshold), the RNC decides whether to accept the
access request or not.
For HSDPA service access, the GBP and PBR should be considered.
1
\
Basic principle of CAC A
C Admission request J
i
Get current total ENU
I
Get the traffic characteristic, and
estimate the increment of ENU
1
Calculate the predicted ENU

admitted
C op>
O
Smaller than the
^t hreshol d? .
*
End of UL/DL CAC
ri ght 2009 Huawei Technolog
' '
Igorithm 2
ENU
t Ml
( N) = Y.
ENU
,
>- ^ *N. i t
v, new
+-ENU
total
(N +1) = ENU
tolal
(N) + ENU
m
H
ENULoad = ENU
total
(N
+
l)/ENU
aax
rejected
o
es Co., Ltd. Al l rights re served. Page49 ^ ^ H U A W E I
The procedure for ENU resource decision is as follows:
1. The RNC obtains the total ENU of all exist users ENUtotal.
2. The RNC get the ENU of the new incoming user ENUnew.
3. The RNC forecast the ENU load.
4. By comparing the forecasted ENU load with the corresponding threshold (the same
threshold as power resource), the RNC decides whether to accept the access request
or not.
The ENUmax can be set by LMT, the ENUnew and ENUi is determined by Huawei
algorithm, there is an example in next slide.
Power CAC for RRC connection Setup
For the RRC connection request is, tolerance principles are
applied :
D Emergency call, Detach , Registration
Direct Admission
n RRC connection request for other reasons
m UL/ DL OLC Trigger threshold Admission
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. PageSO w w H U A W E I
To ensure that the RRC connection request is not denied by mistake, tolerance principles
are applied.
The admission decision is made for the following reasons of the RRC connection request:
1. For the RRC connection request for the reasons of emergency call, detach or
registration, direct admission is used ,that is no limitation.
2. For the RRC connection request for other reasons, UL/DL OLC Trigger
threshold is used for admission. By default, the OLC trigger threshold is
relatively high (DL/UL 95%), which make the RRC connections are easily set
up.
UL Power CAC for R99 Cell (Algorithm 1)
' i
For? R9 DCH RAB Setup, The RNC uses the following formula to
predict the uplink load factor:
VuL_ predicted
=
WuL "*" **tfuL
+r
luL-CCH
a
Where the
VuL
RTWP
By comparing the predicted uplink load factor n
ULiPredicted
with the
corresponding threshold ,the RNC decides whether to accept the
access request or not
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page51 wPI B' H U A W E I
The threshold for Conv AMR service , Conv non_AMR service , Other R99 services
Handover are set independently, which provide different priorities.
Normally, Other R99 services < Conv non_AMR service services < Conv AMR
service < Handover
The uplink load increment A n
UL
is determined by:
1. The Eb/No of the new incoming call
2. The uplink load increment is proportional to the value of Eb/No.
3. UL neighbor interference factor
4. Active Factor of the new incoming call
DL Power CAC for R99 Cell (Algorithml)
For R99 DCH RAB Setup, The RNC uses the following formula to
predict the downlink load factor:
T
?DL_ predicted ~ ^DL
+
^DL
+
^DL-CCH
a Where the
TCP . _A?7
0 i
?
7 z >i =TT- ^DL-
By comparing the predicted downlink load factor ri
DLiPredicted
with the
corresponding threshold ,the RNC decides whether to accept the
access request or not
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. AH rights reserved. PageS2 W W H U A W E I
The threshold for Conv AMR service , Conv non_AMR service , Other R99 services ,
Handover are set independently, which provide different priorities.
Normally, Other R99 services < Conv non_AMR service services < Conv AMR service <
Handover
The downlink load increment A n
DL
is determined by:
1. The Eb/No of the new incoming call
2. Non-orthogonality factor
3. Current transmission carrier power
4. Active Factor of the new incoming call
UL Power CAC for HSPA Cell (Algorithml)
The power increment of an HSUPA service is related to Ec/No, GBR
requirement, neighboring interference factor, active factor of the
service. The formula of UL power CAC for HSUPA is similar to that for
R99
After BSEES^measurement is introduced, the UL RTWP is divided into
two parts:
Q
Controllable part
The UL interference generated by E-DCH scheduling services belong to the
controllable part
Uncontrollable part
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. AN rights reserved. Pge53
;
P
HUAWEI
RSEPS: Received scheduled E-DCH power share
E-DCH scheduling service consists of following t wo types:
a TypeA: all UEs for which this cell is the serving E-DCH cell
The uplink load generated by TypeA E-DCH scheduling service is defined as follows:
RSEPS
VuL-EDCH-S n-ru-p
a TypeB: all UEs for which this cell is
NOT the serving EDCH-cell
The uplink load generated by
TypeB E-DCH scheduling service
is defined by nUL,EDCH,f.
which is fixed to zero
The Uplink uncontrollable load
Is defined as follows:
7 = 1-
RTWP
VUL,nor,-Ctrl ~ ÛL ^lui^DCH,s
7
luL,EDCH
f
T
%K I
%
JL_,
r F
* i
EDCH
Scfteduted
(TyJKJ A)
NiM'-Setving Cos
OCH Scheduled
(TypB>
f
1
1
SSSPS
I ******* ' RTWP
t
Jfci,
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page54 H H HUAWEI
UL Power CAC for R99 service in HSPA cell
n Uncontollable interference must be kept within a given range. The
purpose is to ensure the stability of system and to prevent non-
scheduling services and DCH services from seizing the resources of
HSUPA services
UuL,mn~ctrl
+
^'HuL
+
tfuL^ch
+
W HS-DPCCH
<
^thd
WUL
+
^'HuL
+
tfuL.^ch
+
tfHS-DPCCH
<
tfthd-total
n RNC admits R99 services if formula 1 and 2 are fulfilled
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. PageSS |f) HUAWEI
n
thd
_
tota
| is the UL total power threshold of the current cell
n
thd
is the cell UL admission threshold for specific type of service, that is UL threshold of Conv
AMR service, UL threshold of Conv non_AMR service, UL threshold of other services or UL
handover access service threshold
UL Power CAC for HSUPA Scheduling Services and HSUPA Non-Scheduling Services
V PBR, > TM
L
GBR,
T, PBR, > Thd
i
Y GBR,
::
:
::y ]T ?Bg
i
>7iid
sr
v GS/C,
4 1m
+
-^ %i
+
'fol.cch
+
V HS-DPCCH "'' QtM-Mel.-
5. ^VL.mtt-ctrl
+
^Rt + lui.uh
+
H'HS-DPCCH ' ' ^ z w g cases
Formula 1,2 or 3 is fulfilled
n Formula 4 is fulfilled
RNC admits HSUPA Non-scheduling service in either of the following cases
a Formula 1,2 or 3 is fulfilled
a Formula 4 and 5 are fulfilled
HUAWEI
Thd
L
is the Low priority HSUPA user PBR threshold of the current cell
Thd
E
is the Equal priority HSUPA user PBR threshold of the current cell
Thd
GE
is the High priority HSUPA user PBR threshold of the current cell
PE
t
0
R, P 3R
2
PBR,
;
3 4
i
)

P 8k >Th
**..'
5 6
I <
;HH,
7
SPI
*
8
lew user
z
Sflr-^-f,,,
PBR, >TM
- ]T
c,Hli
.
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
z
I'Bl ; > n
<*' z
eR
n
HS
.
DP
CCH '
s
^
e v a
l
u e
f the UL HS-DPCCH reserve factor parameter, which defines the factor of
UL HS-DPCCH resource reserved
n
tnd
is the cell UL admission threshold for specific type of service, that is UL threshold of Conv
AMR service, UL threshold of Conv non_AMR service, UL threshold of other services or UL
handover access service threshold
DL Power CAC for HSPA Cell (Algorithml)
DL Power incremental estimation for DCH RAB in HSPA cell is
similar to the DCH RAB in R99 cell
DL Power incremental estimation for HSDPA RAB A P
DL
is made
based on GBR, Ec/No, Non-orthogonality factor
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. PaqfiS? MRS' HUAWEI
* DL power CAC for R99 service in HSPA cell
P x. p 4. \P < P . ThA
\ i ' xm-htpa ' fc_re '-" 111. ~ um ' ""-.*v>>H~t;itv
p 4. AP < P . 7/W
2, ' umi
T
"-
1
' ML -" * max ' '"*/-<:">
3_ * * # % . * * " ^ 0 * _ | I T WH P I
+
*hmpa_*!>**nm. h^J
+
^"lX. - "mix ' *'
K
't,/ijl-iar,
RNC admits R99 service (i.e. DCH RAB) in either of the fol l owi ng
situations:
Formula 1 and 2 are fulfilled
Formula 1 and 3 are fulfilled
: ::
;
:
;
:: :
:
'
:
'" "
::
:
:
:
:
.
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page58 flp H U A W E I
P
non
_
hspa
is the current non-HSDPA power
P
cch
.
res
is the power reserved for the common channel
P
max
is the cell maximum transmit power
Thd^n^spg^g,. is the cell DL admission threshold for different types of service, that is DL
threshold for Conv AMR service, DL threshold for Conv non-AMR service, DL threshold for
other service or DL handover access threshold
P
total
is the current downlink transmitted carrier power
Thdtotal-cac is the threshold of cell DL total power. It is defined by the DL total power threshold
parameter
GBP is power requirement for GBR
p
nsupa-res
is t h e
Pwer reserved for HSUPA downlink control channels (E-AGCH/E-RGCH/E-HICH)
F'max-nspa is the maximum available power for HSPA. Its value is associated with the HSDPA
power allocation mode.
. DL power CAC for HSDPA RAB in HSPA cell
PBR^lzThd,^. _ YCBR
a
, ,
1
, GBP + P
U
+AP, <P ,
RNC admits the HSDPA streaming service in any of the following situations:
Formula 1 is fulfilled
Formulas 3 and 4 are fulfilled
a Formulas 3 and 5 are fulfilled
RNC admits the HSDPA BE service in any of the following situations:
a Formula 2 is fulfilled
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page59 3# HUAWEI
PBR
strm
is the provided bit rate of all existing streaming services
Thd
hsd fr
is the admission threshold for streaming PBR decision. It is defined by the Hsdpa
streaming PBR threshold parameter
PBR
be
is the provided bit rate of all existing BE services
Thd
hsdg
fe is the admission threshold for BE PBR decision. It is defined by the Hsdpa best effort
PBR threshold parameter
GBR is the power requirement for GBR
P
hsu
P
a-res
is t h e
power reserved for HSUPA downlink control channels (E-AGCH/E-RGCH/E-HICH)
p
max-hspa'
s

e
maximum available power for HSPA. Its value is associated with the HSDPA
power allocation mode.
P
tota
i'\s the current downlink transmitted carrier power
P
max
is the cell maximum transmitted power
Thd
total
_
cac
is the threshold of cell DL total power, which is defined by the DL total power
threshold parameter
P
ccn-res
,s
^
e
P
o we r
reserved for the common channels
P
non-hspa '
s t h e cu
rrent non-HSDPA power
DL power CAC for HSUPA control channels in HSPA cell
n The power of downlink control channels (E-AGCH/E-RGCH/E-HICH)
are reserved by DL HSUPA reserved factor. Therefore, the power
admission for these channels is NOT needed
Copyright @ 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. AH rights reserved. Page60 t SPw HUAt Ar EI
Power CAC for Algorithm2
For R99 and HSPA RAB, The RNC uses the following formula to
predict the uplink ENU load factor:
u (ENU
total +
ENU
new
)/ENU
max
By comparing the forecasted ENU load with the corresponding
threshold ,the RNC decides whether to accept the access request or
not
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page61 # HUAWEI
ENUtotal is the total ENU of all existing users.
ENUnew is ENU of the new incoming user.
ENUmax is the configured maximum ENU (UL total equivalent user number or DL total
nonhsdpa equivalent user number).
The threshold for Algorithm2 are the same with Algorithml,for Conv AMR service ,
Conv non_AMR service , Other R99 services , Handover, HSDPA are set independently:
Service Type
UL DCH/HSUPA
DLDCH
HSDPA
Admission Threshold
UL threshold of Conv AMR service
UL threshold of Conv non_AMR service
UL threshold of other services
UL Handover access threshold
DL threshold of Conv AMR service
DL threshold of Conv non_AMR service
DL threshold of other services
DL Handover access threshold
DL t ot al power threshold
Typically ENU (equivalent number of users) for different services (with activity factor to be
100%)
Service*'
3.4 kbit/s SIGo
13.6 kbit's SIG+=
3.4 + 12.2 kbit/s*-
1
3.4 + 8 kbit/s (PS)+=
3.4 + 16 kbit's (PS)=
3.4 + 32 kbit's (PS>*=
3.4 + 64 kbit/s (PS)+3
3.4 +128 kbit/s (PS)*
3.4 + 144 kbit/s (PS)*
3.4 + 256 kbit's (PS)+
3.4 + 384 kbit/s (PS)*
ENU*'
Uplink for DCH+
0.44*
1
1.1 I*
1
1.44+'
1.35+'
1.62*=
2.15*'
3.45+=
5.78*3
6.41*3
10.18P
14.27*=
Downl i nk for DCH*
0.42*5
111*'
1.42*3
1.04+'
1.25*3
2.19+3
3.25+3
5.93+3
6.61+=
10.49+3
15.52*3
HSDPA
0.28*'
0.74+3
- 3
0.78+3
l . H-3
1.70*3
2.79*3
4.92*'
5.46+=
9.36*=
14.17-
HSUPA '
1.76*-'
1.89+3
-*'
2.26+=
2.37+-
2.60+3 "
3.14*3
4.67*
1
4.87+=
6.61+3
9.36+=
Service Type
UL DCH/HSUPA
DLDCH
HSDPA
Admission Threshold
DL t ot al power threshold
Key parameters
* UL threshold of Conv AMR service
a Parameter ID: UlNonCtrlThdForAMR
n The default value of this parameter is 75%
a Parameter ID: UlNonCtrlThdForNonAMR
a The default value of this parameter is 75%
| f t HUAWEI
Parameter ID: UlNonCtrlThdForAMR
Value range: 0 to 100%
Content: The uplink threshold for the AMR conversational service is used for the uplink
admission of AMR conversational service users. The threshold is shared by algorithm 1,
algorithm 2 and algorithm 3.
The default value of this parameter is 75%
Set this parameter through ADD CELLCAC / MOD CELLCAC
Parameter ID: UlNonCtrlThdForNonAMR
Content: The downlink threshold for the AMR conversational service is used for the
downlink admission of AMR conversational service users. The threshold is shared by
algorithm 1, algorithm 2 and algorithm 3.
Key parameters
a Parameter ID: UlNonCtrlThdForOther
D Parameter ID: UlNonCtrlThdForHo
HH HUAWEI
Parameter ID: UlNonCtrlThdForOther
Value range: 0 to 100 %
Content: This parameter is the uplink threshold for services other than the
conversational service. It is used for uplink admission of other services. The threshold is
shared by algorithm 1, algorithm 2 and algorithm 3.
Parameter ID: UlNonCtrlThdForHo
Content: The uplink handover threshold is used for uplink admission of handover users.
The parameter is useful only to uplink inter-frequency handovers. Do not make the
admission decision in the uplink soft handover. The threshold is shared by algorithm 1,
algorithm 2 and algorithm 3.
Key parameters
a Parameter ID: DLCONVAMRTHD
a Parameter ID: DlConvNonAMRThd
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page6S
H i HUAWEI
Parameter ID: DLCONVAMRTHD
Content: The downlink threshold for the AMR conversational service is used for the
downlink admission of AMR conversational service users. The threshold is shared by
algorithm 1, algorithm 2 and algorithm 3.
DL threshold of Conv non__AMR service
Parameter ID: DlConvNonAMRThd
Content: The downlink threshold for the non-AMR conversational service is used for the
downlink admission of non-AMR conversational service users. The threshold is shared
by algorithm 1, algorithm 2 and algorithm 3.
Key parameters
a Parameter ID: DLOTHERTHD
D The default value of this parameter is 75%
n Parameter ID: DLHOTHD
0$ HUAWEI
Parameter ID: DLOTHERTHD
Content: This parameter is the downlink threshold for services other than the
conversational service. It is used for downlink admission of users of other services. The
threshold is shared by algorithm 1, algorithm 2 and algorithm 3.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLCAC/MOD CELLCAC
Parameter ID: DLHOTHD
Content: The downlink handover threshold is used for downlink admission of handover
users. The threshold is shared by algorithm 1, algorithm 2 and algorithm 3.
Key parameters
DL total power threshold
a Parameter ID: DLCELLTOTALTHD
Hsdpa streaming PBR threshold
Parameter ID: HSDPASTRMPBRTHD
* Hsdpa best effort PBR threshold
a Parameter ID: HSDPABEPBRTHD
| H | HUAWEI
Parameter ID: DLCELLTOTALTHD
Content: This parameter specifies the total downlink power threshold of the cell.
Parameter ID: HSDPASTRMPBRTHD
Content: This parameter specifies the average throughput admission threshold of the
HSDPA streaming traffic.
Parameter ID:: HSDPABEPBRTHD
Vaiue range: 0 to 100 %
Content: This parameter specifies the average throughput admission threshold of the
HSDPA best effort traffic. -
Key parameters
UL total equivalent user number
a Parameter ID: ULTOTALEQUSERNUM
D The default value of this parameter is 80
DL total equivalent user number
a Parameter ID: DLTOTALEQUSERNUM
n The default value of this parameter is 80
|fc> HUAWEI
UL total equivalent user number
Parameter ID: ULTOTALEQUSERNUM
Content: When algorithm 2 is used, this parameter defines the total equivalent number
of users corresponding to the 100% uplink load.
The default value of this parameter is 80
DL total equivalent user number
Parameter ID: DLTOTALEQUSERNUM
Content: When algorithm 2 is used, this parameter defines the total equivalent number
of users corresponding to the 100% downlink load.
CAC Based on NodeB Credit Resource
When a new service accesses the network, NodeB credit
resource admission is optional
The principles of NodeB credit admission control are similar t o
those of power resource admission control
When a new service tries to access the network, the credit
resource admission CAC functions in :
a RRC connection setup
n Handover service
a Services setup
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page69 i f? H U A W E I
CE stands for NodeB credit on RNC side and for Channel Element on NodeB side. It is used to
measure the channel demodulation capability of the NodeBs
The resource of one 12.2kbps voice service, including 3.4kbps signaling on the DCCH, consumed
in baseband is defined as one CE. If there is 3.4kbps signaling on the DCCH, but no voice
channel, one CE is consumed.The credit resource are divided into several resource pools. Each
resource pool is shared by a local cell.
According to the common and dedicated channels capacity consumption laws, as well as the
addition, removal, and reconfiguration of the common and dedicated channels, the Controlling
RNC (CRNC) debits the amount of the credit resource consumed from or credits the amount to
the Capacity Credit of the local cell group (and local cell, if any) based on the spreading factor.
the UL Capacity Credit and DL Capacity Credit are separate, so the CAC is performed in the UL
and DL, respectively.
For an RRC connection setup request, the credit resource admission is successful if the current
remaining credit resource is sufficient for the RRC connection.
For a handover service, the credit resource admission is successful if the current remaining credit
resource is sufficient for the service.
For other services, the RNC has to ensure that the remaining credit does not exceed the
configurable thresholds after admission of the new services.
There is no capacity consumption law for HS-DSCH in 3GPP TS 25.433, so certain credits are
reserved for HSDPA RAB, and credit admission for HSDPA is not needed.
UL Capacity Credit and DL Capacity Credit are separate, the credit resource admission is
implemented in the UL and DL, respectively.
For DCH service, MBR is used to calculate the NodeB Credit
based on spreading factor.
The total NodeB Credit Resource of a local cell is depend on the
configuration.
' ' ::>:. : . "" '
:
-
:
-'.: \:'\fi:::::.::'' ::.:;. : "' '. ' :
:
;;: "" "" ;
,
-----
:
- :--
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. AH rights reserved. Page70 V i r H U A W 6 1
Direction
DL
UL
DL
UL
DL
UL
DL
UL
DL
UL
DL
UL
DL
UL
DL
UL
Spreading
Factor
256
256
128
64
128
64
32
16
64
32
32
16
16
8
8
4
Corresponding Credits Consumed
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
6
1
3
2
6
4
10
8
20
I
Typical Traffic Class ;
3.4 kbit/s SRB
13.6 kbit/s SRB
12.2 kbit/s AMR
64 kbit/s VP
32 kbps PS
64 kbit/s PS
128 kbit/s PS
384 kbit/s PS
For HSUPA service, the rate used to calculate the spreading
factor is MBR
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page71 2. HUAW61
...;.... . . . .'
:
. ' ' _ . ...... .. ; '.
Di rect i on*
um
U L P
ULf
tJl>
UL*'
UL3
UL*
UL*>
Ul>3
UL*3
UL*'
U L P
UL*>
Rat e
(IcMt/s)*'
8-P
16*3
32-3
64*?
128*3
144.3
256*3
384f
608-3
1450'
2048. '
2890*3
5760*3
S p r e a d i n g
Factor *
!
64^
64-3
32-3
32*-
1
16*3
16*-
1
8-'
4*3
4*3
2SF2-3
2SF2*'
2SF2+2SF4*--
2SF2+2SF4*?
Numl j e r of CEs
Co n s u me d *
?
w
Q
1.5*3
1.5*=
3*3
3=
s*--
10*3
10*3
32-3
323
48*3
48*J
Co r r e s po ndi ng
Credi t s Cons ume d*'
2*? *
2*
3*>
3*3
6s
6*3
10*= 1
20*3
20*3
64*3
64*3
96*3
96*3 <
-
Key parameters
UI Handover Credit Reserved SF
a Parameter ID: UlHoCeResvSf
D The default value of this parameter is SF16
Dl Handover Credit and Code Reserved SF
a Parameter ID: DlHoCeCodeResvSf
The default value of this parameter is SF32
i Pfl HUAWEI
UI Handover Credit Reserved SF
Parameter ID: UlHoCeResvSf
Value range: SF4, SF8, SF16, SF32, SF64, SF128, SF256, SFOFF
Content: The spreading factor specified by this parameter is used to define the uplink
credit resource reserved for handover services.
SFOFF means that none of resources are reserved for handover services. If the
remaining uplink resource cannot fulfill the requirement for the reserved resource after
the admission of a new service, the service is rejected.
Dl Handover Credit and Code Reserved SF
Parameter ID: DlHoCeCodeResvSf
Value range: SF4, SF8, SF16, SF32, SF64, SF128, SF256, SFOFF
Content: The spreading factor specified by this parameter is used to define the downlink
credit and channelized code resources reserved for handover services.
SFOFF means that none of the resources is reserved for handover. If the remaining
downlink resource cannot fulfill the requirement for the reserved resource after the
access of a new service, the service is rejected.
CAC Based on Iub Interface Resource
The CAC of the Iub transmission resources is similar
Admission Control is used t o determine whether the Tub
resources are enough t o accept a new access request
It functions i n:
o RRC connection setup
n Handover
a Services RAB setup
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page73 * H U A W E I
A user accessing the network from a path should go through the admission of the path,
resource group, and physical port in turn. The user that passes all the admission can be
successfully admitted by the transport layer.
Path means AAL2 PATH, IP PATH
The physical ports correspond to IMA, UNI, FRAATM, NCOPT, ETHER, PPP, and MLPPP.
The priority of the 2 types of access follows : Handover >RRC connection setup and
Services RAB setup
Iub Overbooking
a The Iub overbooking feature considers the statistic multiplexing of
service activities and multiple users
Admit more users, increases the resource utilization on the Iub
interface.
; :
;
;
;
; ............ . ... ......
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page74 <P' H U A W E I
The Iub overbooking feature considers the statistic multiplexing of service activities and
multiple users. Through the admission of more users, Iub overbooking increases the
resource utilization on the Iub interface.
If the RNC allocates the maximum bandwidth to the subscriber when a service is
established, a large proportion of the Iub transmission bandwidth is unused. For example,
downloading a 50 KB page takes only about one second, but reading this page needs
dozens of seconds. Thus, over 90% of the Iub transmission bandwidth is not used.
To save the Iub transmission bandwidth for operator use, Huawei provides the Iub
overbooking function, which applies an admission control mechanism to access the
service.
Iub Overbooking
n CS voice services
Service rate: 12.2 kbit/s
. SID
n PS interactive and background services
Download time
Reading time
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page7S $% HUAWEI
The UMTS supports four traffic classes: conversational, streaming, interactive, and
background.
The transmission rate varies with the traffic class as follows:
For Circuit Switched (CS) conversational services, the channel transmits voice signals at
a certain rate (for example, 12.2 kbit/s) during a conversation and only transmits Silence
Descriptors (SIDs) at intervals when there is no conversation.
For Packet Switched (PS) interactive and background services, such as web browsing,
there is data transmitted during data downloading. After a web page has been
downloaded, and when the user is reading the page, however, there is very little data to
transfer.
Iub Overbooking
a CS voice services
Activity Factor
o PS interactive and background services
. GBR * Activity Factor
a MML
SET DEFAULTFACTORTABLE
SET USERGBR
.- ..:--:-
:
-~- ' ' .:.-:. ---,-;, ^ :.- ..,..,.,..,.,,.,.,,.,.,,,.,,,...,,.:,...,,. . ...... ...
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page76 4 P w HUAt WVGI
Use SET DEFAULTFACTORTABLE to set a default of Activity Factor table for all the
services.
Use SET USERGBR to set GBR for BE services
CAC Based on Number of HSPA Users
HSPA user number can be limited in:
Cell level
n maximum number of HSPA users in a cell
NodeB level
n Maximum number of HSPA users in all the cells configured in one
NodeB
ififr HUAWa
When the HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL is on, the HSDPA services have to undergo HSDPA
user number admission decision.
When a new HSDPA service attempts to access the network, it is admitted if the number
of HSDPA users in the cell and that in the NodeB do not exceed the associated
thresholds
When the HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL is on, the HSUPA services have to undergo HSUPA
user number admission decision.
When a new HSUPA service attempts to access the network, it is admitted if the number
of HSUPA users in the cell and that in the NodeB do not exceed the associated
thresholds
Key parameters
HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL
a Parameter ID: HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL
Maximum HSDPA user number
Parameter ID: MaxHSDSCHUserNum
a The default value of this parameter is 64
* HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL
a Parameter ID: HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL
Maximum HSUPA user number
a Parameter ID: MaxHsupaUserNum
n Similar parameters for Maximum HSPA user number in NodeB level can be set by ADD
NODEBALGOPARA
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Ail rights reserved. Page78 4Pw HUAWGI
Parameter ID: MaxHSDSCHUserNum
Content: This parameter specifies the maximum number of HSDPA users in a cell.
HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL
Parameter ID: HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL
Value range: 0 ,1
Content: This parameter specifies whether to enable or disable the HSDPA admission control algorithm.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLALGOSWfTCH_/_LST CELLALGOSWITCH/MOD
CELLALGOSWITCH
HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL
Parameter ID: HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL
Value range: 0 ,1
Content: This parameter specifies whether to enable or disable the HSDPA admission control algorithm.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLALGOSWITCH /MOD CELLALGOSWITCH
Maximum HSUPA user number
Parameter ID: MaxHsupaUserNum
Content: This parameter specifies the maximum number of HSDPA users in a cell.
Content: This parameter specifies the maximum number of HSUPA users in a celL
W Contents
23 CAC (Call Admission Control)
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l ri ghts reserved. Page79 H l | HUAW6I
Why we need IAC?
* The disadvantage of CAC
n For PS NRT (Non-Real Time) services, CAC is not flexible
No consideration about the priority of different users
No consideration about Directed Retry after CAC rejection
"Intelligent" means the algorithm can increase admission
successful rate
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd- All rights reserved. PageSO wW HUAWGi
CAC limits the setup of RRC and RAB . When the cell is overloaded , the CAC will cause
access failure.
In order to improve the access success rate, the Intelligent Access Control (IAC) algorithm is
used to improve the access success rate. The IAC procedure includes rate negotiation,
Call Admission Control (CAC), preemption, queuing, and Directed Retry Decision (DRD).
V
AC Overview
ie access procedure (include the IAC)
RRC connecti on
request
B setup request
DRD
al gor i t hm
Servi ce
steering DRD
sad bal anci ng
DRD
RRC c o n n e c t i o n p r o c e s s i n g
Failed
Admi ssi on
al gori thm
DRD
Failed
Redirection
Succeeded Succeeded
Yes
RA B p r o c e s s i n g
-~~!s t her e a n y ~- ~^
~-~^ce! l not t ri ed2<
Mo
Fai l ed
Rat e
negot i at i on
PS domai n:
maxi mum rate
PS and CS
domai ns:
initial rale
PS domai n;
GBR of PS
RT service
Target Rate
Negoti ati on
Failed
Preemption
Admi ssi on
al gor i t hm
Load admi ssi on
Code admi ssi on
l ob resource
admi ssi on
Queuing
U
Failed or
not supported
Credit admi ssi on {Succeeded
Servi ce request
accepted J
HSPA user if;
number admission!}:
Service request |
deni ed
Qht
)<c
a*-*/ JlJfJ jy' HAM
As shown in the Figure, the procedure for the UE access includes the procedures for RRC connection
setup and RAB setup. The success in the RRC connection setup is one of the prerequisites for the
RAB setup.
During the RRC connection processing, if resource admission fails, DRD and redirection apply.
During the RAB processing, the RNC performs the following steps:
Performs RAB DRD to select a suitable cell to access, for service steering or load balancing.
Performs rate negotiation according to the service requested by the UE.
Performs cell resource admission decision. If the admission is passed, UE access is granted.
Otherwise, the RNC performs the next step.
Selects a suitable cell, according to the RAB DRD algorithm, from the cells where no admission
attempt has been made, and then goes to rate negotiation and cell resource admission again. If all
DRD admission attempts to the cells fail, go to the next step.
Makes a preemption attempt. If the preemption is successful, UE access is granted. If the
preemption fails or is not supported, the RNC performs the next step, queuing.
Makes a queuing attempt. If the queuing is successful, UE access is granted. If the queuing fails or
is not supported, the RNC Rejects UE access.
81
AC - RRC Connection Processing
1. RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
Yes i
Decide t
direction
2. RRC CONNECTION REJECT
2. RRC CONNECTION SETUP
3. RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE
KZJ
When a new service accesses the network, an RRC connection must be set up first. If the RRC
connection request is denied, DRD is performed. If DRD also fails, RRC redirection is
performed to direct the UE to an inter-frequency or inter-RAT cell through cell reselection.
After the RNC receives the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message, the CAC algorithm decides
whether an RRC connection can be set up between the UE and the current cell.
If the RRC connection can be set up between the UE and the current cell, the RNC sends an RRC
CONNECTION SETUP message to the UE. If the RRC connection cannot be set up between
the UE and the current cell, the RNC takes the following actions:
RRC DRD :
If the DRD_SWITCH is set to 0, the RRC DRD fails, and RRC redirection is performed. Else,
the RNC performs the following steps:
1. The RNC selects inter-frequency neighboring cells of the current cell. These neighboring cells
are suitable for blind handovers.
2. The RNC generates a list of candidate DRD-supportive inter-frequency cells. The quality of the
candidate cell meets the requirements of inter-frequency DRD:
( CPI CHJEc/ No) ^ > DRD_Ec/No
nbce(|
where
(CPICH_Ec/No)
RACH
is the cached CPICH Ec/NO value included in the RACH RRC
CONNECTION REQUEST measurement report.
DRD_Ec/No
nbcel
| is the DRD Ec/NO Threshold set for the inter-frequency neighboring cell.
RNC selects a target cell from the candidate cells for UE access. If the candidate cell list contains
more than one cell, the UE tries a cell randomly.
1. If the admission is successful, the RNC initiates an RRC DRD procedure.
2. If the admission to a cell fails, the UE tries admission to another cell in the candidate cell
list. If all the admission attempts fail, the RNC makes an RRC redirection decision.
If the candidate cell list does not contain any cell, the RRC DRD fails. The RNC performs the next
step, that is, RRC redirection.
RRC redirection, the RNC performs the following steps:
1. The RNC selects all inter-frequency cells of the local cell.
2. The RNC selects candidate cells. That is, exclude the cells to which inter-frequency RRC
DRD attempts have been made from the cells selected in the previous step.
3. If more than one candidate cell is available, the RNC selects a cell randomly and redirects
the UE to the cell.
Key parameters
* DRD Ec/NO threshold
D Parameter ID: DRDEcNOThreshhold
The default value of this parameter is -18 (-9 dB)
RRC redirect switch
D Parameter ID: RrcRedictSwitch
D The default value of this parameter is Only_To_lnter_Frequency
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved
DRD Ec/NO Threshold
Parameter ID: DRDEcNOThreshhold
Value range: -24 to 0 ,step :0.5dB
Content: This parameter is used as the DRD Ec/No threshold of whether to
perform the blind handover. If the Ec/No measured value of the current cell is
greater than this parameter of the inter-frequency neighboring cell, this
neighboring cell can be selected to be the candidate DRD cell.
The default value of this parameter is -18 (-9 dB)
Set this parameter through ADD INTERFREQNCELL
RRC Redirect switch
Parameter ID: RrcRedictSwitch
Value range: OFF, Only_To_lnter_Frequency, Allowed_To_lnter_RAT
Content: This parameter specifies the RRC redirection strategy.
The default value of this parameter is Only_Tb_lnter_Frequency
Set this parameter through SET DRD
Page84 i f e HUAW6J
IAC - PS Rate Negotiation
PS Service Rate Negotiation Includes:
Maximum expected rate negotiation
D Initial rate negotiation
Target rate negotiation
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. PageSS I U HUAW6I
2 negotiation includes the maximum expected rate negotiation, initial rate negotiation, and target rate negotiation.
hen setting up, modifying, or admitting a PS service (conversational, streaming, interactive, or background service)
the RNC and the CN negotiate the rate according to the UE capability to obtain the maximum expected rate while
snsuring a proper QoS.
>r a non-real-time service in the PS domain, the RNC selects an initial rate to allocate bandwidth for the service
when Setup or UE state transits from CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH based on cell code and credit resource
Initial rate selection is affected by 2 algorithm switches: RAB Downsizing Switch, DCCC Switch .
"or DCH For HSUPA
Dow asking
Svriteb^
*
F->
DCCC
Switch*"
ONV
ON*
OFF--
Actual Initial Access Rate for DCH'
MmfX'L/DL BE traffic Inifbl bit rate, the negotiated rate
based on cell resources) *'
I T D L BE traffic Initial bit rate."
Maximum expected rate.'
ce
\ RAB Downsizing
Suite '
o
iOFF.'
F
HSUPA DCCC
Switch-
ON-
ON-"
OFF<=
1
.VtaaHnitJal Access Rate for HSUPA*>
Mimlnitial rate 0/ HSUPA BE traffic, the negotiated
rate based on cell resources)."
Initial rate of HSUPA BE t r af f i c
Maximum, expected rate~
Key parameters
RAB_Downsizing_Switch
a Parameter ID: RAB_DOWNSIZING_SWITCH
D The default value of this parameter is 1 (on)
UL/DL BE traffic Initial bit rate
a Parameter ID:
a ULBETRAFFINITBITRATE/ DLBETRAFFINITBITRATE
a The default value of this parameter is D64 (64k)
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page86 miHm H U A WG 1
RAB_Downsizing_Switch
Parameter ID: RAB_DOWNSIZING_SWITCH
Value range: (0,1)
Content: This parameter specifies whether to support the FJAB downsizing function.
The default value of this parameter is 1 (on)
When this parameter is set to 1, the FJAB downsizing function is applied to
determine the initial bit rate based on cell resources (code and credit)..
Set this parameter through SET CORRMALGOSWITCH
UL/DL BE traffic Initial bit rate
Parameter ID: ULBETRAFFINITBITRATE / DLBETRAFFINITBITRATE
Value range: D8, D16, D32, D64, D128, D144, D256, D384, D768, D1024, D1536,
D1800, D2048k
Content: This parameter defines the uplink initial access rate of background and
interactive services in the PS domain.
The default value of this parameter is D64 (64k)
Set this parameter through SET FRC
IAC - RAB Directed Retry Decision
RAB Directed Retry Decision (DRD) is used to select a suitable
cell for the UE t o try an access
D Inter-frequency DRD
Service Steering
Load Balancing
Inter-RATDRD
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Ail rights reserved. Page87
#1
HUAWSI
Through the RAB DRD procedure, the RNC selects a suitable cell for RAB processing
during access control. RAB DRD is of two types: inter-frequency DRD and inter-RAT
DRD. For inter-frequency DRD, the service steering and load balancing algorithms are
available.
After receiving a RANAP RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST, the RNC initiates an RAB
DRD procedure to select a suitable cell for RAB processing during access control.
The RNC performs inter-frequency DRD firstly. If all admission attempts of inter-
frequency DRD fail, the RNC performs an inter-RAT DRD. If all admission attempts of
inter-RAT DRD fail, the RNC selects a suitable cell to perform preemption and
queuing .
Relation Between Service Steering DRD and Load Balancing DRD
When both service steering DRD and load balancing DRD are enabled, the general
principles of inter-frequency DRD are as follows:
Service steering DRD takes precedence over load balancing DRD. That is,
preferably take service priorities into consideration.
To services of the same service priority, load balancing applies.
--
IAC - RAB Directed Retry Decision
RAB Directed Retry Switchs
i^ 1
Scenario
DRD switch
Combined
services
HSDPA service
HSUPA service
RAB modification
DCCC
RAB setup
Switch
DRD_SWITCH
COMB_SERV_DRD_SWITCH
HSDPA_DRD_SWITCH
HSUPA_DRD_SWITCH
RAB_MODIFY_DRD_SWITCH
RAB_DCCC_DRD_SWITCH
RAB_SETUP_DRD_SWITCH
Description
This is the primary DRD algorithm switch. The
secondary DRD switches are valid only wher.
this switch is on.
DRD is applicable to combined services only
when this switch is on.
DRD is applicable to HSDPA services only
DRD is applicable to HSUPA services only
DRD is applicable to RAB modification only
DRD is applicable to traffic-volume-based
DCCC procedure or UE state transition, only
DRD is applicable to RAB setup only when this
switch is on.
DRD algorithm switch
Parameter ID: DRDSWITCH
The default value of this parameter is off
Set this parameter through SET CORRMALGOSWITCH
IAC
Inter
I
- Inter-frequency DRD
-Frequency DRD for Service Steering
T7 .
DRD for Service Steering is based on Service priorities of cells .include:
- R99 RT services priority
- R99 NRT services priority
- HSPA services priority
- Other services priority
Called Service priority group
H i HUAWei
If the UE requests a service in an area covered by multiple frequencies, the RNC selects
the cell with the highest service priority for UE access, based on the service type of
RAB and the definitions of service priorities in the cells.
Cell service priorities help achieve traffic absorption in a hierarchical way.
The priorities of specific service types in cells are configurable. If a cell does not support a
service type, the priority of this service type is set to 0 in this cell.
The service priorities in each cell is called Service priority group , which is identified by
the Service priority group Identity parameter.
Service priority groups are configured on the LMT. In each group, priorities of R99 RT
services, R99 NRT services, HSPA services, and other services are defined.
When selecting a target cell for RAB processing, the RNC check the service type firstly ,
then, selects a cell with a high priority for the service, that is, a cell that has a small
value of service priority.
IAC - Inter-frequency DRD
Inter-Frequency DRD for Service Steering
Service
pri ori ty group
Identi ty
1
2
Service pri ori ty
of R99 RT
service
2
1
Service pri ori ty
o f RMNRT
servi ce
1
2
Service pri ori ty
of HSPA
service
1
0
Service
pri ori ty of
other servi ce
0
0
Cell
A
B
Servi ce pri ori t y group I dent i t y
1
2 tftt*
m
h-M/
J
V::>
;
C8SA
RTBorvic*
HUAWEI
Cell A and cell B are of different frequencies.
Assume that the service priority groups given in the table are defined on an RNC, 2
groups of service priorities are defined.
Then ,Cell A is configured with service priority group 1. Cell B is configured with service
priority group 2
If UE requests a R99 RT service in cell A .Cell B has a higher service priority of the R99
RT service than cell A. If the UE requests an RT service in cell A, preferably, the RNC
selects cell B for the UE to access.
Inter-Frequency DRD procedure for Service Steering
Receive a
service request
Determine
candidate cells
HSPA falls
back to DCH
Determine a target
cell in order of priority"*"
[thA i
reques
ISPA
candidate
jccessfu
nitrate a blind
handover
initiate an inter-
RAT DRD
#H
HUAWEI
The procedure for the service steering DRD is as follows:
1. The RNC determines candidate cells to which blind handovers can be performed and sorts the
candidate cells into a descending order according to service priority.
A candidate cell must meet the following conditions:
The frequency of the candidate cell is within the band supported by the UE.
The quality of the candidate cell meets the Ec/No requirements of inter-frequency DRD (DRD
Ec/NO Threshold )
The candidate cell supports the requested service.
2> The RNC selects a target cell from the candidate cells in order of service priority for UE access.
3. The CAC algorithm makes an admission decision based on the status of the target cell.
If the admission attempt is successful, the RNC accepts the service request.
If the admission attempt fails, the RNC removes the cell from the candidate cells and then
choose next candidate cell.
4, If admission decisions have been made in all the candidate cells
For HSPA access, the HSPA request falls back to a DCH one. Then, the algorithm goes back
to Step 1 to make an admission decision based on R99 service priorities.
For DCH access, the RNC initiates an inter-RAT DRD.
Key parameters
DRD Ec/NO Threshold
a Parameter ID: DRDEcNOThreshhold
o The default value of this parameter is -18 (-9dB)
Service differential drd switch
Parameter ID: ServiceDiffDrdSwitch
o The default value of this parameter is OFF
Service priority group Identity
a Parameter ID: PriorityServiceForR99RT
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page92 W W H U A W E I
DRD Ec/NO Threshold
Value range: -24-0 .Step: 0.5dB
Content: This parameter is used as the DRD Ec/No threshold of whether to perform the blind
handover. If the Ec/No measured value of the current cell is greater than this parameter of the
inter-frequency neighboring cell, this neighboring cell can be selected to be the candidate DRD
cell.
The default value of this parameter is -18.
Set this parameter through ADD INTERFREQNCELL
Service differential drd switch
Parameter ID: ServiceDiffDrdSwitch
Value range: ON, OFF
Content: This parameter specifies whether to enable the service steering DRD algorithm
The default value of this parameter is OFF.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLDRD/SET DRD
Service priority ofR99 RT service
Parameter ID: Spgld
Value range: 1 to 8
Content: This parameter uniquely identifies a group of service priorities that map to cells and
indicate the support of each cell for the following service types: R99 RT service, R99 NRT service,
HSPA service, and other services.
Set this parameter through ADD SPG
When define a cell by ADD CELLSETUP, this SPG ID is a mandatory parameter
Key parameters
Service priority of R99 RT service
o Parameter ID: Spgld
Service priority of R99 NRT service
PriorityServiceForR99NRT
Service priority of HSPA service
a PriorityServiceForHSPA
Service priority of Other service
a PriorityServiceForExtRab
Copyright <S> 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page93 |i|HUAWei
Service priority of R99 RT service
Parameter ID: PriorityServiceForR99RT
Value range: 0 to 7
Content: This parameter specifies the support of the cells with a specific Service priority
group Identity for R99 RT services.
The value 0 means that these cells do not support R99 RT services.
For the values 1 through 7, the service priority is inversely proportional to the value, that is,
the value 7 indicates the lowest service priority, whereas the value 1 indicates the highest.
Service priority of R99 NRT service
Parameter ID: PriorityServiceForR99NRT
Value range: 0 to 7
group Identity for R99 NRT services.
The value 0 means that these cells do not support R99 NRT services.
Service priority of HSPA service
Parameter ID: PriorityServiceForHSPA
Value range: 0 to 7
group Identity for HSPA services.
The value 0 means that these cells do not support HSPA services.
Service prionty of Other service
Parameter ID: PriorityServiceForExtRab
Value range: 0 to 7
group Identity for Other services .
The value 0 means that these cells do not support Other service .
Inter-Frequency DRD for Load Balance
The resources triggering DRD for Load Balance include:
DL Power
. OVSF code
D Any of these 2 resources can trigger inter-frequency DRD for Load
Balance
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page9S
4$ HUAWEI
Load balancing considers two resources: power, and code.
In practice, it is recommended that only either a power-based load balancing DRD or a
code-based load balancing DRD is activated. If both are activated, power-based load
balancing DRD takes precedence over code-based load balancing DRD.
Code-based load balancing DRD is applicable to only R99 services because HSDPA
services use reserved codes.
Power load balancing DRD
a Two al gori thms can be used t o j udge t he load of the cells:
Algorithm 1: The load balancing DRD is performed according to the cell
measurement values about the DL non-HSDPA power and DL HS-DSCH required
power.
Algorithm 2: The bad balancing DRD is performed according to the DCH
Equivalent Number of Users (ENU) and HSDPA user number.
Load balance DRD choice
Parameter ID: LdbDRDchoice
D The default value of this parameter is UserNumber

: I .
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page96 W W H U A W E I
Two algorithms are available for power load balancing. If the power load balancing DRD is enabled,
one of them can be used, and the algorithm used is defined by the Load bal ance DRD choi ce
parameter.
Algorithm 1: The load balancing DRD is performed according to the cell measurement values about
the DL non-HSDPA power and DL HS-DSCH required power.
For DCH service, the RNC sets up the service on a carrier with a light load of non-HSDPA power to
achieve load balancing among the cells on the different frequencies.
For HSDPA service, the RNC sets up the service on a carrier with a light load of HS-DSCH
required power to achieve load balancing among the cells on different frequencies.
Algorithm 2: The load balancing DRD is performed according to the DCH Equivalent Number of
Users (ENU) and HSDPA user number.
For DCH service, the RNC sets up the service on a carrier with a light load of DCH ENU to achieve
load balancing among the cells on different frequencies.
For HSDPA service, the RNC sets up the service on a carrier with a light toad of HSDPA user to
achieve load balancing among the cells on different frequencies.
Load balance DRD choice
Parameter ID: LdbDRDchoice
Value range: Power~1, UserNumber~0
Content: This parameter specifies which choice the load balancing DRD algorithm will be
applied.
- Power: Power Downlink none-HSDPA power is used for services carried on DCH, and
downlink HSDPA guarantee power is used for services carried on HS-DSCH) will be
applied to the load balancing DRD algorithm.
- UserNumber: User number (Downlink R99 equivalent user number is used for services
carried on DCH, and downlink HSDPA user number is used for services carried on HS-
DSCH) will be applied to the load balancing DRD algorithm.
The default value of this parameter is UserNumber.
Inter-frequency DRD
>ower load balancing DRD
HSPA falls
back to DCH
Receive a
service request
s power of the cunr
ell meet DRD conditions
(condition 1 )*
oes power of a neighboring
cell meet DRD conditions
edition 2)?
Are there multiple
such cells available?
Yes
Select the cell meeting
the DRD conditions as
the target ceil
Select the cell with the
lightest power load as
the target ceil
Select the
current cell as
the target cell
Are all
andidaie cells
tried?
CAC
successful?
Is the request - ^
an HSPA one?
nitiaie a blind
handover
initiate an inter-
RAT DRD
2. If
The procedure for power-based load balancing DRD is as follows:
The RNC determines the candidate cells to which blind handovers can be performed.
A candidate cell must meet the following conditions:
The frequency of the candidate cell is within the band supported by the UE.
The quality of the candidate cell meets the requirements of inter-frequency DRD.
The candidate cell supports the requested service.
If the current cell is not a candidate cell, the RNC selects a cell with the lightest load from the candidate
cells as the target cell to do admission for the service.
If the current cell is a candidate cell as well, RNC need to consider the current cell load condition
(condi ti on
-
!, described below), if current cell load is not higher than a threshold , means conditionl is
met, RNC just do admission for the service in the current cell regardless the neighbors. Otherwise
(conditionl is not met) ,RNC need to evaluate the load difference between the current cell and other
candidate neighbors, if the load difference between current cell and a neighbor is larger than a threshold
(concition2, described below), then this neighbor is an available target cell.
After the filtration of the conditionl and condition2, If there are multiple such ceils , RNC select the cell
with lightest load as the target cell, (the method to select the cell with lightest load is described below. ).
If there is no such cell, the RNC selects the current cell as the target cel l .
The CAC algorithm makes an admission decision on the target cell.
If the admission attempt is successful, the RNC admits the service request.
If the admission attempt fails, the RNC checks whether admission decisions have been made in all
candidate inter-frequency neighboring cells.
If there is any cell where no admission decision is made, the algorithm goes back to 2.
If admission decisions have been made in all the candidate cells:
When the service request is an HSPA one, the HSPA request falls back to a DCH one. Then,
the algorithm goes back to 1 to make an admission decision based on R99 service priorities.
When the service request is a DCH one, the RNC initiates an inter-RAT DRD.
The condition 1 is defined as: $
For the algorithm 1, the condition 1 is as follows: y ^
a. For DCH bearer / - '
\y* AMR,cutceIl ~ * non-H,cutcell )
>
4 " " n o n - H
b. For HSDPA bearer o/ HM"*^ ^ ^ ^
\1 rl<* ^ 1 cutcett ~ fGBP,cutcell )
>
* "
C
'H
For the algorithm 2, the condition 1 is as follows:
a. For DCH bearer
(A1
HSDPA be
-P )> Thd
MR,cutcell
1
D-ENU,cutcell )
L nU
non-H
b. For HSDPA bearer
_ P
cutcell H-tie ,cutcell
)lThd
H
_
ttecutcell
>Thd
H
Where
Thd.
Thd,,
is Dl load balance DRD power remain threshold for DCH of the current cell,
is Dl load balance DRD power remain threshold for HSDPA of the current cell.
The condition 2 is defined as:
If the algorithm 1 is used , the condition 2 is as follows:
a. For an HSDPA service
{total,
n
(Thd
i
bcell *GBP,nbcell ) \ ^ total,
- P
cutcell GBP,cutcell
total, cutcell load,cutcell
b. For a DCH service
)-(Thd
K
total ,nbcell load ,nbcell
) > Thd
H
) < Th d
i
total Joadi
yl hCl
AMR>nbce
u *
n
on-H ,nbcell ) \* "" AMR, cutcell *non-H .cutcell )
>
* ""DJc--
yl TIM
tota
i
cutce
u ~ * load,cutcell j V ^total,nbcell ~ "load ,nbcell )
<
* "^total Joado
If the algorithm 2 is used ,the condition 2 is as follows:
a. For an HSDPA service
yi nd
H
_
uenbceU
*H-ue,nbcel1 ) ' * ""H-ue,nbcell \f "&H-ite,cutcell ^H-rn,cutcell ) ' * ""H-i
ue.cuh
>Thd
H Joadoffset
b. For a DCH service
[Thd
- p
AMR,nbcell D-enu,nbcell
)-(Thd
AMR,cutcell D-enu,cutcell
) > Thd
D
loadoffsi
Current cell
**Malma&
p
1
G2?f!&ce&
P
P
1 rWjt&jaixdt
^^H-ucci&eE
p
p
*dB&ad&a
*"" n.ba&&iet
* ""fitt!J^xa&>jtf
Inter-fr e quenc y
nei ghbor i ng cell
tîeialjitem
p
1
SSPjttvdl
P
had
t
Hbce8
p
HM-JixicsS
1
^" J MB, S**
2 ^jy
H
Bf,M
1
a?S
Pif-mxiedl
p
-
-
-
--- - ---
Description
HS-DSCH re quired power load (GBP)
Total power load. It is the sum of the
non-HSDPA power and GBP.
Non-HSDPA power load
Number of all existing HSDPA users
Total ENU of all existing DCH services
Load balance DRD offset for HSDPA
Load balance DRD offset for DCH
Load balance DRD total power protect
threshold
The method for RNC to select cell with lightest load Is :
For DCH service
If the algorithm 1 is used, the RNC selects the cell with the lightest non-HSDPA load as the target cell.
If the algorithm 2 is used, the RNC selects the cell with the lightest load of DCH ENU as the target cell.
For HSDPA service
If the algorithm 1 is used, the RNC selects the cell with the lightest load of HS-DSCH required power
as the target cell.
If the algorithm 2 is used, the RNC selects the cell with the lightest load of HSDPA user as the target
cell.
Key parameters
Load balance DRD switch for DCH
o Parameter ID: LdbDrdSwitchDCH
n The default value of this parameter is OFF
Load balance DRD switch for HSDPA
n Parameter ID: LdbDrdSwitchHSDPA
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved- PagelOO
iPflHUAWei
Power balance DRD switch on DCH
Parameter ID: LdbDrdSwitchDCH
Content: This parameter specifies whether to enable the power-based load balancing DRD
algorithm for DCH service .
Set this parameter through SET DRD / ADD CELLDRD
Power balance DRD switch on HSDPA
Parameter ID: LdbDrdSwitchHSDPA
Content: This parameter specifies whether to enable the power-based load balancing DRD
algorithm for HSDAP service .
Set this parameter through SET DRD /ADD CELLDRD
Key parameters
Dl toad balance DRD power remain threshold for DCH
a Parameter ID: LdbDRDLoadRemainThdDCH
Dl load balance DRD power remain threshold for HSDPA
a Parameter ID: LdbDRDLoadRemainThdHSDPA
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pagel Ol igfm HUAWEI
Dl load balance DRD power remain threshold for DCH
Parameter ID: LdbDRDLoadRemainThdDCH
Value range: 0-100%
Content: This parameter specifies the downlink load threshold to trigger load balancing DRD
for services carried on DCH. The load balancing DRD will probably be triggered only when
the downlink cell remanent non H power or remanent R99 equivalent user number is less
than this threshold .
Dl load balance DRD power remain threshold for HSDPA
Parameter ID: LdbDRDLoadRemainThdHSDPA
Value range: 0-100%
Content: This parameter specifies the downlink load threshold to trigger load balancing DRD
for services carried on HS-DSCH. The load balancing DRD will probably be triggered only
when the downlink cell remanent HSDPA guarantee power or remanent HSDPA user
number is less than this threshold.
The default value of this parameter is 100%.
Key parameters
a Parameter ID: DLCELLTOTALTHD
a The default value of this parameter 90%
* Load balance DRD offset for DCH
a Parameter ID: LdbDRDOffsetDCH
Parameter ID: LdbDRDOffsetHSDPA
Load balance DRD total power protect threshold
Parameter ID: LdbDRDTotalPwrProThd
| | # HUAWEI
Parameter ID: DLCELLTOTALTHD
Value range: 0-100%
Content: Admission threshold of the total cell downlink power. If the value is too high, too many users
will be admitted. However, the throughput of a single user is easy to be limited. If the value is too low,
cell capacity will be wasted.
Load balance DRD offset for DCH
Parameter ID: LdbDRDOffsetDCH
Value range: 0-100%
Content: This parameter specifies the threshold of remanent load offset between the current cell and
the target cell when load balancing DRD is applied for DCH users. Only when the remanent load offset
reaches this threshold can a neighboring cell be selected as a candidate DRD cell for DCH users.
Parameter ID: LdbDRDOffsetHSDPA
Value range: 0-100%
Content: This parameter specifies the threshold of remanent load offset between the current cell and
the target cell when load balancing DRD is applied for HSDPA users. Only when the remanent load
offset reaches this threshold can a neighboring cell be selected as a candidate DRD cell for HSDPA
users.
Load balance DRD total power protect threshold
Parameter ID: LdbDRDTotalPwrProThd
Value range: 0% to 100%
Content: This parameter specifies the threshold of the downlink remanent total power difference
between the current cell and the target cell when load balancing DRD is applied and the load
balancing DRD choice is Power. Only when the downlink remanent total power difference is less than
this threshold can a neighboring cell be selected as a candidate DRD cell.
Z - Inter-frequency DRD
Inter-Frequency DRD procedure for Code Load Balance
current cel l i nvol ve'
t he deci si on?
i rri mum SF of t he current oe
Mi n i mu m SF t h r e s h o l d f or
ode bal anc i ng dr d2
ode l oad of t he current cel l <
>de o c c u p i e d r at e t h r e s h o l d f
ode bal anc i ng dr d2-
N o
Y e s
N o
or t cd
mm urn
Y e s
Sel ect t he cel l wi t h t he l i ght est code
toad as t he t arget cel l
Yes
N o
< r
Select the
current ceil as
the target cell
Sel ect t he cell with
t he l i ght est code l oad
f r om t he cei l s wi t h t he
same servi ce pri ori ty
as t he t arget cel l
The procedure is as follows:
1. The RNC determines whether the minimum remaining spreading factor of the current cell is
smaller than Minimum SF threshold for code balance DRD.
If the minimum SF is smaller than Minimum SF threshold for code balance DRD, the RNC
tries the admission of the service request to the current cell.
If the minimum SF is not smaller than Minimum SF threshold for code balance DRD, the RNC
performs the next step.
2. The RNC determines whether the code load of the current cell is lower than Code occupied
rate threshold for code balance DRD.
If the code load is lower than Code occupied rate threshold for code balance DRD, the
service tries the admission to the current cell.
If the code load is higher than or equal to Code occupied rate threshold for code balance
DRD, the RNC selects the cell with the lightest load or the current cell as the target cell. The
RNC selects the cell as follows:
If the minimum SF supported by the cell with the lightest code load is the same as the
minimum SF supported by the current cell, and the difference between the code
resource occupancies of the cell and the current cell is larger than or equal to the value
of Delta code occupied rate, the RNC selects the cell with the lightest code load as the
target cell. Otherwise, the RNC selects the current cell as the target cell.
If the minimum SF supported by the cell with the lightest code load is smaller than the
minimum SF supported by the current cell, the RNC selects the cell with the lightest
code load as the target cell.
103
Key parameters
Code balancing drd switch
n Parameter ID: CodeBalancingDrdSwitch
Minimum SF threshold for code balancing drd
a Parameter ID: CodeBalancingDrdMinSFThd
n The default value of this parameter is SF8
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Pagel 04
4$$ HUAWEI
Code balancing drd switch
Parameter ID: CodeBalancingDrdSwitch
Content: This parameter specifies whether to enable the code-based load
balancing DRD algorithm.
Minimum SF threshold for code balancing drd
Parameter ID: CodeBalancingDrdMinSFThd
Value range: SF4, SF8, SF16, SF32, SF64, SF128, SF256
Content: If the downlink minimum SF of the best cell is below this threshold,
the code-based load balancing DRD is not triggered.
The default value of this parameter is SF8 .
Key parameters
Code occupied rate threshold for code balancing drd
a Parameter ID: CodeBalancingDrdCodeRateThd
Delta code occupied rate
n Parameter ID: DeltaCodeOccupiedRate
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page! 05 H i HUAW6I
Code occupied rate threshold for code balancing drd
Parameter ID: CodeBalancingDrdCodeRateThd
Content: This parameter specifies the code occupancy threshold of the current cell for
code-based load balancing DRD.Only when the code occupancy of the best cell
reaches this threshold can code-based load balancing DRD be triggered.
Delta code occupied rate
Parameter ID: DeltaCodeOccupiedRate
Content: This parameter specifies the code occupied rate offset threshold of the
current cell and the inter-frequency cell when code balancing drd algorithm is applied.
Only when the code occupied rate offset reaches this threshold, the inter-frequency
cell can be selected to be the target drd cell.
The default value of this parameter is 7% .
[AC - Inter-RAT DRD
Inter-RAT DRD
Receive an Inter-RAT
DRD request
Criteria for inter
RAT blind handovei
fulfilled?
Can a list of
andidate cells b
generated?
Try admission to the
target cell in order of
blind handover priority
Adm
Max
Preemption
or queuing
itiate an inter-RAT
handover
The inter-RAT DRD procedure is as follows:
1,If the current cell is configured with any neighboring GSM cell suitable for blind
handover and the Service Handover Indicator is set to
HO_TO_GSM_SHOULD_BE_PERFORM, the RNC performs next step. Otherwise, the
service request undergoes preemption and queuing.
2,The RNC generates a list of candidate DRD-supportive inter-RAT cells that fulfill the
following requirement:
(CPICH_EcNo) > DRD_EcN>,
nbceU
where
- (CPICH_EcNo)
RACH
is t h e
cached CPICH Ec/NO value included in the RACH
measurement report.
- (DRD_EcNo)
nbcell
is the DRD Ec/NO Threshold set for the inter-RAT neighboring cell.
3,The service request then tries admission to a target GSM cell in order of blind
handover priority.
4,lf all admission attempts fail or the number of inter-RAT directed retries exceeds 2, the
service request undergoes preemption and queuing.
Inter-RAT DRD is only available for AMR service in RAN 10:
Key parameters
DRD Ec/NO Threshold
n Parameter ID: DRDEcNOThreshhold
n The default value of this parameter is -18 (-18dB)
* Max inter-RAT direct retry number
p Parameter ID: DRMaxGSMNum
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page107 l l i HUAwei
DRD Ec/NO Threshold
Value range: -24-0 ,
Content: This parameter is used as the DRD Ec/No threshold of whether to
perform the blind handover. If the Ec/No measured value of the current cell is
greater than this parameter of the inter-RAT neighboring cell, this neighboring
cell can be selected to be the candidate DRD cell.
The default value of this parameter is -18.
Set this parameter through ADD GSMNCELL
Max inter-RAT direct retry number
Parameter ID: DRMaxGSMNum
Value range: 0 to 5
Content: This parameter defines the maximum number of inter-RAT directed
retries for an RAB. The value 0 means that inter-RAT DRD is not allowed.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLDRD
IAC - Preemption and Queuing
> After cell admission fails, the RNC performs preemption and
Queuing
n Precondition of Preemption and Queuing
- According to CN setting, Preemption and Queuing is supported
E "* allocatconOrRetentionPriority
priority'Leve!:Oxc (12)
pre-emptonCapabilit^shall-noMrigger-pre-emption (0)
pre-emptionVu!nerabil!ty:not-pre-emptab!e (0)
queuingAllowed:queueing-allowed(1)
a Target cell of Preemption and Queuing
- Based on DRD
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page108 HUAWEI
Preemption and Queuing guarantees the success in the access of a higher-priority user
by forcibly releasing the resources of a lower-priority user.
After cell resource admission fails, the RNC performs Preemption and Queuing if the
following conditions are met:
The RNC receives an RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message indicating that
Preemption and Queuing is supported.
By default, Preemption and Queuing setting in CN may be:
USER LEVEL
High
Preemption
capability
Able
Medium
;
Able
Low I Not able
_ _ . , , JL_ , _ . _ _ _ _ .
Preemptable
Not allowed
allowed
allowed
Queuing
allowed
allowed
Not
allowed
Preemption and Queuing is applicable to the following cases:
Setup or modification of a service
Q Hard handover or SRNS relocation
UE state transits from CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH
The RNC selects a suitable cell according to the settings of the DRD algorithms.
<yi
0
Preemption
'motion on different resources
1 Service
|
R99 service
HSDPA
1
HSUPA
Resource
Code
Power
CE
Iub bandwidth
Code
Power
CE
Iub bandwidth
Code
Power
CE
Iub bandwidth
Service That cat
R99 Service
J
V
7
V
-
V
-
V
-
V
V
V
Be Preempted
HSUPA
Service
-
V
V
V
-
-
-
-
-
V
V
V
HSDPA
Service
-
V
-
V
-
V
-
V
-
-
-
-
R99 + HSPA
Combined
Service
V
V
V
V
-
V
-
~J
-
-
V
V
The preemption procedure is as follows:
1 > The preemption algorithm determines which radio link sets can be preempted. The
algorithm proceeds as follows:
n Chooses SRNC users first. If no user under the SRNC is available, the
algorithm chooses users under the DRNC.
Sorts the pre-emptable users by user integrate priority, or sorts the pre-
emptable RABs by RAB integrate priority.
Determines candidate users or RABs.
a Only the users or RABs with priorities lower than the RAB to be
established are selected.
a Selects as many users or RABs as necessary in order to match the resource
needed by the RAB to be established. When the priorities of two users or
RABs are the same, the algorithm chooses the user or RAB that can release
the most resources.
2^ The RNC releases the resources occupied by the candidate users or RABs.
3> The requested service directly uses the released resources to access the network
without admission decision.
Key parameters
Preempt algorithm switch
a Parameter ID: PREEMPTALGOSWITCH
a The default value of this parameter is OFF
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pagel10 <||i| HUAWEI
Preempt algorithm switch
Parameter ID: PreemptAlgoSwitch
Content: This parameter specifies whether to support the preemption function.
Set this parameter through SET QUEUEPREEMPT
IAC-Queui ng
After Preemption rejection, UE can wait in queue, then
admission attempts for the service are
Tmax expires.
Admission attempts are
Pqueue = Telapsed
made periodically till
made based on Queuing priority:
Tmax is the maximum time in the queue,
Telapsed is the time has
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co.,
queued
- HI ( 101
Ltd. Al l rights reserved.
default value is 5s
Pagelll ^ # HUAWEI
After the cell resource decision fails, the RNC performs queuing if the RNC receives an RAB
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message indicating the queuing function is supported
The queuing algorithm checks whether the queue is full, that is, whether the number of service
requests in the queue exceeds the queue length that is defined by the Queue length
The queuing algorithm is triggered by the heartbeat timer, which is set through the Poll timer
length .
If the queue is not full:
Stamps this request with the current time.
Puts this request into the queue.
If the queue is full:
Checks whether there are requests whose integrate priorities are lower than that of the
priority of the new request. If there is, delete the low priority request, put the new
service in the queue. (Otherwise, the queuing algorithm rejects the new request directly.)
Stamps the new request with the current time and then puts it into the queue.
After the heartbeat timer (Poll timer length) expires, the queuing algorithm proceeds as follows:
Selects the request with the highest integrate priority for an attempt of resource
allocation . If more than one service has the same highest integrate priority, the RNC
calculates the weights of the requests with the same highest integrate priority and
chooses the request with the greatest weight for an attempt of resource allocation.
The Weight = Telapsed
If the attempt fails, the queuing algorithm proceeds as follows:
Puts the service request back into the queue with the time stamp unchanged for
the next attempt.
Chooses the request with the greatest weight from the rest and makes another
attempt until a request is accepted or all requests are rejected.
Key parameters
* Queue algorithm switch
a Parameter ID: QUEUEALGOSWITCH
a The default value of this parameter is OFF
Queue length
p Parameter ID: QUEUELEN
'.:"
:
':';:':.
:
.--- ' . .
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page! 12 l U l HUAW6I
Queue algorithm switch
Parameter ID: QUEUEALGOSWITCH
Content: This parameter specifies whether to support the queuing function.
Queue length
Parameter ID: QUEUELEN
Content: This parameter defines the length of a queue.
A.
Key parameters
Poll timer length
D Parameter ID: POLLTIMERLEN
D The default value of this parameter is 50 (500ms)
Max queuing time length
a Parameter ID: MAXQUEUETIMELEN
a The default value of this p arameter is 5
| | | H U A W!I
Poll timer length
Parameter ID: POLLTIMERLEN
Value range: 1 to 6000 , step: 10ms
Content: This parameter defines the length of the heartbeat timer. Each time the timer
expires, the RNC chooses the service that meets the requirement to make an
admission attempt.
The default value of this parameter is 50 (500ms)
Set this parameter through SET QUEUEPREEIVJPT
Max queuing time length
Parameter ID: MAXQUEUETIMELEN
Value range: 1 to 60s
Content: This parameter defines the maximum time that the service request can be in
the queue.
The default value of this parameter is 5s
IAC for Emergency Calls
RRC Connection Process
D No admission on power resources
n Admission is successful if the current remaining hard resources are
sufficient
If the hard resource admission fails preemption is'performed regardless
of the preemption switch
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page114 W W H U A W E I
Compared with the RRC connection process of ordinary services, the RRC connection process
of emergency calls incorporates the preemption due to hard resource admission failure.
In case of power resources, direct admission is used without considering the CAC algorithm
switch.
In case of hard resources, (that is, code, Iub, and CE), the resource admission is successful if
the current remaining resources are sufficient for the RRC connection.
If the hard resource admission fails, preemption is performed regardless of whether the
preemption switch is on or off. The emergency calls that trigger preemption have the highest
priority. The range of users that can be preempted is defined by the Preemptvulnerability
for emergency call switch parameter.
If this switch is set to ON, all non-emergency users that have accessed the network can be
preempted, regardless of the preemption-prohibited attribute of the users.
If this switch is set to OFF, only the non-emergency users with preemption-allowed attribute
can be preempted.
<
x4-
IAC for Emergency Calls
RAB Process
For power resource admission ,
if EMC_UU_ADCTRL is on, power admission fails if the system is in
overload congestion state. Otherwise, the admission succeeds.
If the CAC algorithm switch is off, the emergency calls are directly
admitted.
o For hard resources ,the resource admission is successful if the
current remaining resources are sufficient for the request
If the hard resource admission fails preemption is performed regardless
of the preemption switch
HUAWEI
In case of power resources:
If the CAC algorithm switch is on, regardless of which algorithm is selected, the admission
decision-making is as follows:
When EMC_UU_ADCTRL (set through Cell CAC algorithm switch) is on, power admission
fails if the system is in overload congestion state. Otherwise, the admission succeeds.
When EMC_UU_ADCTRL is off, the emergency calls are directly admitted.
If the CAC algorithm switch is off, the emergency calls are directly admitted.
For hard resources (that is, code, Iub, and CE), the resource admission is successful if the
current remaining resources are sufficient for the request.
If the hard resource admission fails, preemption is performed regardless of whether the
preemption switch is on or off. The emergency calls that trigger preemption have the highest
priority. The range of users that can be preempted is defined by the Preemptvulnerability
for emergency call switch parameter.
If this switch is set to ON, all non-emergency users that have accessed the network can be
preempted, regardless of the preemption-prohibited attribute of the users.
If this switch is set to OFF, only the non-emergency users with preemption-allowed attribute
can be preempted.
Key parameters
Preemptvulnerability for emergency call switch
Parameter ID: EmcPreeRefVulnSwitch
The default value of this parameter is ON (All services)
Copyright S3 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pagel 16 : wPW HUAWEI
Preemptvulnerability for emergency call switch
Parameter ID: EmcPreeRefVulnSwitch
Content: When the switch is enabled, users of emergency call can preempt all the users
of non emergency call. When the switch is disabled, users of emergency call can only
preempt users of non emergency call with the preempted attributes.
The default value of this parameter is ON
a
a
&) Contents
2.3 CAC (Call Admission Control)
2.4 IAC (intelligent Admission Control)
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page117 K H U A W E I
LCC (Load Congestion Control)
"3
m
o
100/
T HL
section B
section C
u
Overload state: OLC will be
used
Basic congestion state: LDR
will be used
Normal state: Permit entry
Junes
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pagel 18
HUAWEI
LCC (Load Congestion Control) consist of LDR (Load Reshuffling) and OLC (Over Load
Control).
In basic congestion state, LDR will be used to optimize resource distribution, the main
rules is not to affect the feeling of users as possible as we can.
In overload state, OLC will be used to release overload state quickly, keep system stability
and the service of high priority users.
Load Reshuffling
Reasons
D When the ceil is in basic congestion state,
be easily rejected by system
Purpose
a Optimizing cell resource distribution
new coming calls could
a Decreasing load level, increasing admission successful rate
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page119 0r- HUAWEI
When the usage of cell resource exceeds the basic congestion triggering threshold, the
cell enters the basic congestion state. In this case, LDR is required to reduce the cell load
and increase the access success rate.
Load Reshuffling
Triggering of LDR
Power resources
n Code resource
a Iub resources
D NodeB Credit resource
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page120 4PH HUAWEI
For power resource, the RNC performs periodic measurement and checks whether the
cells are congested. For code, Iub, and NodeB credit resources, event-triggered congestion
applies, that is, the RNC checks whether the cells are congested when resource usage
changes.
Load Reshuffling
LDR Actions:
Inter-frequency load handover
D Code reshuffling
D BE service rate reduction
n AMR rate reduction
D Inter-RAT load handover in the CS domain
Inter-RAT load handover in the PS domain
a Real time service Iu QoS renegotiation
D MBMS power reduction
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page121 l U l HUAWEI
When the cell is in basic congestion state, the RNC takes one of the actions in each
period until the congestion is resolved
~ft\\r>JJA
\ -Jj, ^
j ( y x Ki ^
I
f^M
ik
Load Reshuffling Actions triggered by different resources
Resourc
e
Power
Iub
Code
Credit
UL/
DL
UL
DL
UL
DL
-
DL
UL
DL
Channel
DCH
HSUPA
DCH
HSDPA
FACH
(MBMS)
DCH
HSUPA
DCH
HSDPA
FACH
(MBMS)
-
DCH
HSDPA
FACH
(MBMS)
DCH
HSUPA
DCH
HSDPA
FACH
(MBMS)
LDR Actions
Inter-
Freq
Load
Hand-
over
4
4
4
4
4
BE
Rate
Redu
ction
4
4
4
4
4
4
Inter-RAT
Handover
i nCS
Domain
4
4
4
4
4
4
Inter-RAT
Handover
in PS
Domain
4
4
4
V
J
V
V
V
4
V
4
AMR
Rate
Reduct
ion
4
4*
IuQoS
Reneg
otiatio
n
4
4
4
4
4
4
Code
Resh
ufflin
g
4
MRl
S
Pow
Red
ic
4*
If the downlink power admission uses the equivalent user number algorithm, basic congestion can also be
triggered by the equivalent number of users. In this situation, LDR actions do not involve AMR rate
reduction or MBMS power reduction, as indicated by the symbol "*" in above table
Congestion of different resource may trigger different actions.
For example, Credit congestion do not trigger "Inter-Frequency Load Handover", "AMR Rate
Reduction", and "Code Reshuffling"
When congestion of all resources is triggered, the action to be taken is based on the resource priority
configuration.
\ \
Key parameters
a Parameter ID: NBMLDCALGOSWITCH
. UL_UU_LDR M- . pv w
. DL_UU_LDR ' "
. CELL_CODE_LDR
NodeB LDC algorithm switch
a Parameter ID: NodeBLdcAlgoSwitch
. IUBJ.DR
. NODEB_CREDIT_LDR
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page! 23
| P | HUAWEI
Parameter ID: NBMLDCALGOSWITCH
Content: If ULLDR, DLLDR, CELL_CODE_LDR are selected, the corresponding
algorithms are enabled..
NodeB LDC algorithm switch
Parameter ID: NodeBLdcAlgoSwitch
Content: If IUB_LDR, NODEB_CREDIT_LDR, are selected, the corresponding
algorithms will be enabled; otherwise, disabled..
Set this parameter through ADD NODEBALGOPARA / MOD NODEBALGOPARA /
SET LDCALGOPARA
Key parameters
UL (RTWP) LDR trigger threshold
D Parameter ID: ULLDRTRIGTHD
UL (RTWP) LDR release threshold
a Parameter ID: ULLDRRELTHD
| P HUAWEI
UL LDR trigger threshold
Parameter ID: ULLDRTRIGTHD
Value range: 0 to 100 , %
Content: If the UL load of the cell is not lower than this threshold, the UL load
reshuffling function of the cell is triggered.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDM/MOD CELLLDM
UL LDR release threshold
Parameter ID: ULLDRRELTHD
Value range: 0 to 100 , %
Content: If the UL load of the cell is lower than this threshold, the UL load reshuffling
function of the cell is stopped.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDM / MOD CELLLDM
Key parameters
DL (TX POWER) LDR trigger threshold
a Parameter ID: DLLDRTRIGTHD
o The default value of this parameter is 70%
DL (TX POWER) LDR release threshold
a Parameter ID: DLLDRRELTHD
. .::::::::::. .-:;:::::::: :: :
:
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page125 WW H U A I WE I
DL LDR trigger threshold
Parameter ID: DLLDRTRIGTHD
Value range: 0 to 100, %
Content: If the DL load of the cell is not lower than this threshold, the DL load
reshuffling function of the cell is triggered.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDM / MOP CELLLDM
DL LDR release threshold
Parameter ID: DLLDRRELTHD
Value range: 0 to 100, %
Content: If the DL load of the cell is lower than this threshold, the DL load reshuffling
function of the cell is stopped.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDM / MOP CELLLDM
Key parameters
Cell LDR SF reserved threshold
a Parameter ID: CELLLDRSFRESTHD
p The default value of this parameter is SF8
UI LDR Credit SF reserved threshold
u Parameter ID: ULLDRCREDITSFRESTHD
The default value of this parameter is SFS
Dl LDR Credit SF reserved threshold
n Parameter ID: DLLDRCREDITSFRESTHD
i Pf HUAWEI
Cell LDR SF reserved threshold
Parameter ID: CELLLDRSFRESTHD
Content: If the SF corresponding to the current remaining code of the cell is higher than
the threshold defined by this parameter, code congestion is triggered and the related
handling actions are taken.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDR / MOD CELLLDR
UI LDR Credit SF reserved threshold
Parameter ID: ULLDRCREDITSFRESTHD
Content: If the SF corresponding to the current UL remaining credit resource is higher
than the threshold defined by this parameter, the UL credit LDR can be performed and
the related handling actions are taken.
Set this parameter through ADD NOPEBLDR/MOD NODEBLDR
Dl LDR Credit SF reserved threshold
Parameter ID: DLLDRCREDITSFRESTHD
Content: If the value of SF corresponding to the current DL remaining credit resource is
higher than the threshold defined by this parameter, the DL credit LDR can be
performed and the related handling actions are taken.
Set this parameter through ADD NQDEBLDR/MOD NODEBLDR
Key parameters
The First / Second/ Third/ Fourth priority for load
a Parameter ID:
LdrFirstPri
LdrSecondPri
LdrThirdPri
LdrFourthPri
a The default configuration is :
. lUBLDR > CREDITLDR > CODELDR > UULDR
reshuffling
l i d HUAWEI
The First / Second/ Third/ Fourth priority for load reshuffling
Parameter ID: LdrFirstPri / LdrSecondPri / LdrThirdPri / LdrFourthPri
Value range: IUBLDR(lub load reshuffling), CREDITLDR(Credit load reshuffling),
CODELDR (Code load reshuffling), UULDR (Uu load reshuffling)
Content: These parameters specify the triggering resource order when congestion of all
resources are triggered.
The default configuration is lUBLDR > CREDITLDR > CODELDR > UULDR
Set this parameter through SET LDCALGOPARA
LDR procedure
Turn on LDR algorithm switch
T
Mark "current LDR state = uncongested
1
Start LDM congestion indication report
Mark current action = first LDR action
Clear "selected" mark of all UE LDR actions
Congestion
state indication J
Wait for congestion indication
Current LDR state = congested?
Inter-freq
oad handover
Code
reshuffling
BE rate
reduction
Succeed?
Sequence of
actions can be
configured
(current action
is taken firstly)
Inter-system
handover
in CS domain
Mark
"current action
= successful
action"
Wait time
for LDR
action duration
Inter-system
handover
In PS domain
AMR rate
reduction
Succeed?
QoS renogiation
on Iu interface
MBMS power
reduction
No related action can be found
Mark current action first LDR action"
V,
Key parameters
LDR period timer length
a Parameter ID: LDRPERIODTIMERLE
D The default value of this parameter is 10 s
Gold User Load Control Switch
a Parameter ID: GoldUserLoadControlSwitch
n The default value of this parameter is OFF
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved
LDR period timer length
Parameter ID: LDRPERIODTIMERLE
Value range: 0 to 86400 s
Content: This parameter specifies the period of load reshuffling .
The default value of this parameter is 10 s
Gold User Load Control Switch
Parameter ID: GoldUserLoadControlSwitch
Content: This parameter specifies whether LDR actions are applicable to users of gold
priority.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDR / MOP CELLLDR
Page129 $(1 HUAWEI
Key parameters
DL LDR first / second / third /fourth /fifth / sixth / seventh /
eighth / ninth / tenth action
a Parameter ID:
DILdrFirstAction / DILdrSecondAction / DILdrThirdAction /
DILdrFourthAction / DILdrFifthAction / DILdrSixthAction /
DILdrSeventhAction / DlLdrEighthAction / DlLdrNinthAction /
DILdrTenthAction
The default configuration is :
. 1
st
:CODEADJ , 2
nd
: INTERFREQLDHO , 3
rd
: BERATERED
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page130 V w H U A W E I
DL LDR first/second/third/fourth/fifth/sixth/seventh/eighth/ninth/tenth action
Parameter ID: DILdrFirstAction / DILdrSecondAction / DILdrThirdAction /
DILdrFourthAction / DILdrFifthAction / DILdrSixthAction / DILdrSeventhAction /
DlLdrEighthAction / DlLdrNinthAction / DILdrTenthAction
Value range: NOACT (NO ACTION), INTERFREQLDHO (INTER-FREQ LOAD
HANDOVER), BERATERED (BE TRAFF RATE REDUCTION), QOSRENEGO
(UNCONTROLLED REAL-TIME TRAFF QOS RE-NEGOTIATION),
CSINTERRATSHOULDBELDHO (CS DOMAIN INTER-RAT SHOULD BE LOAD
HANDOVER), PSINTERRATSHOULDBELDHO (PS DOMAIN INTER-RAT SHOULD
BE LOAD HANDOVER), AMRRATERED (AMR TRAFF RATE REDUCTION),
MBMSDECPOWER(MBMS DESCEND POWER), CODEADJ(CODE ADJUST),
CSINTERRATSHOULDNOTLDHO (CS DOMAIN INTER-RAT SHOULD NOT BE
LOAD HANDOVER), PSINTERRATSHOULDNOTLDHO (PS DOMAIN INTER-RAT
SHOULD NOT BE LOAD HANDOVER).
Content: These parameters specify the LDR action order.
The default configuration is 1
st
:CODEADJ , 2
nd
: INTERFREQLDHO , 3
rd
:
BERATERED,
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDR / MOD CELLLDR / ADD NODEBLDR /
MOP NODEBLDR
V^
LDR Actions
Inter-frequency load handover
n Target users c\ s
Based on user integrate priority
' ^ * A
Xtfvôi
4 \
. Current bandwidth for DCH or "GBR bandwidth for HSPA"
the UL/DL Inter-freq cell load handover maximum
Target cells
has to be less than
bandwidth parameter
Load difference between current load and the basic congestion trigger
threshold of target cell is larger than
space threshold"
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights
"UL/DL Inter
reserved.
-freq cell load handover load
Page! 31
HH HUAWEI
implemented as follows:
The LDR check whether the existing cell has a target cell of inter-frequency blind handover. If there is no
such a target cell, the action fails, and the LDR performs the next action.
The LDR checks whether the load difference between the current load and the basic congestion trigger
threshold of each target cell for blink handover is larger than UL/DL Inter-freq cell load handover
load space threshold (Both uplink and downlink condition must be all fulfilled). If the basic congestion
trigger threshold is not set, the admission threshold of the cell is used. If the difference is not larger than
the threshold, the action fails. The LDR performs the next action.
If the LDR finds a target cell that meets the specified blind handover conditions, the LDR selects one UE
to perform an inter-frequency blind handover to the cell according to the user integrate priority. For the
selected UE, its UL/DL current bandwidth for DCH or GBR bandwidth for HSPA has to be less than the
UL/DL Inter-freq cell load handover maximum bandwidth parameter (both the uplink and
downlink conditions must be fulfilled). If there is more than one such UE, the one with the greatest
bandwidth is taken. If the LDR cannot find such a UE, the action fails. The LDR performs the next action.

Key parameters
UL/DL Inter-freq cell load handover load space threshold
a Parameter ID: UL/DllnterFreqHoCellLoadSpaceThd
InterFreq HO code used ratio space threshold
a Parameter ID: LdrCodeUsedSpaceThd
UL/DL Inter-freq cell load handover maximum bandwidth
a Parameter ID: UL/DLINTERFREQHOBWTHD
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pagel 32 4 P w H U A W E I
UL/DL Inter-freq cell load handover load space threshold
Parameter ID: UL/DLINTERFREQHOCELLLOADSPACETHD
Value range: 0 to 100 % ,step:1%
Content: The target cell can be a cell for inter-frequency blind handover only when the
UL/DL load space is higher than the threshold.
The UL/DL load space is the difference between the UL/DL basic congestion triggering
threshold and the current UL/DL load of a target cell for blind handover..
InterFreq HO code used ratio space threshold
Parameter ID: LdrCodeUsedSpaceThd
Value range: 0 to 100%,step:1%
Content: The target cell can be used for inter-frequency blind handover only when the
DL Code used ratio space is higher than the threshold. The DL Code used ratio space
is the difference of code used ratio between the source cell and the target cell.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDR / LST CELLLDR / MOD CELLLDR
UL/DL Inter-freq cell load handover maximum bandwidth
Parameter ID: UL/DLINTERFREQHOBWTHD
Value range: 0 to 400000 bps
Content: During the inter-frequency load handover, the UE is selected as the target of
inter-frequency load handover from the UE set where the bandwidth is less than this
threshold.
X
K
LDR Actions
BE Rate Reduction
a Target RABs
Based on RAB integrate priority
The data rate of BE service is larger than GBR
Number of RABs to be selected is configurable
HUAWEI
BE rate reduction is implemented by reconfiguring the bandwidth. Bandwidth
reconfiguration requires signaling interaction on the Uu interface.
The LDR algorithm is implemented as follows:
1. Based on the integrate priority, the LDR sorts the RABs into a descending order. The
top RABs related to the BE services (whose current rate is higher than its GBR
configured by SET USERGBR command) are selected. If the integrate priorities of
some RABs are identical, the RAB with the highest rate is selected. The number of
RABs to select is determined by the UL/DL LDR-BE rate reduction RAB number
parameter.
2. The bandwidth of the selected services is reduced to the specified rate.
3. If services can be selected, the action is successful. If services cannot be selected, the
action fails. The LDR takes the next action.
4. The reconfiguration is completed as indicated by the RB RECONFIGURATION
message on the Uu interface and through the RL RECONFIGURATION message on
the Iub interface.
5. The BE rate reduction algorithm is controlled by the DCCC algorithm switch. BE rate
reduction can be performed only when the DCCC algorithm is enabled.
Key parameters
* UL /DL LDR-BE rate reduction RAB number
a Parameter ID: UL/DLLDRBERATEREDUCTIONRABNUM
: ::'
::
' "' " ' ' "
:
- '--:.:''-- -' ::;;
J# HUAWEI
UL /DL LDR-BE rate reduction RAB number
Parameter ID: UL/DLLDRBERATEREDUCTIONRABNUM
Content: These parameters specify the number of RABs to select in a UL/DL LDR BE
rate reduction.
If the number of RABs that fulfil the criteria for BE rate reduction is smaller than the
value of this parameter, then all the RABs that fulfil the criteria are selected.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDR /MOD CELLLDR/ADD NODEBLDR/MOD
NODEBLDR
LDR Actions
Uncontrolled Real-time service QoS Renegotiation
D Target RABs
Real-time services in the PS domain
I U HUAWEI
The load is reduced by adjusting the rate of the real-time services through uncontrolled real-
time OoS renegotiation.
Upon receipt of the message, the CN sends the RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message
to the RNC for RAB parameter reconfiguration. Based on this function, the RNC can
adjust the rate of real-time services to reduce the load.
1. Based on the integrate priority, the LDR sorts the real-time services in the PS domain in
descending order. The top services are selected for QoS renegotiation.
2. The LDR performs QoS renegotiation for the selected services. The GBR during
service setup is the rate of the service after QoS renegotiation.
3. The RNC initiates the RAB Modification Request message to the CN for QoS
renegotiation.
4. If the RNC cannot find a proper service for QoS renegotiation, the action fails. The LDR
performs the next action.
Key parameters
UL/DL LDR un-ctrlRTQos re-nego RAB num
a Parameter ID: UL/DLLDRPSRTQOSRENEGRABNUM
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Ai l rights reserved. Paget 36
|f||
rlUAWEI
UL /DL LDR un-ctrl RT Qos re-nego RAB num
Parameter ID: UL/DLLDRPSRTQOSRENEGRABNUM
Content: These parameters specify the number of RABs to select in a UL/DL LDR
uncontrolled real-time QoS renegotiation.
If the number of RABs that fulfil the criteria for uncontrolled real-time QoS renegotiation
is smaller than the value of this parameter, then all the RABs that fulfil the criteria are
selected.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDR / MOD CELLLDR/ADD NODEBLDR/MOD
NODEBLDR
LDR Actions
Inter-system Handover In the CS/PS Domain
n Target user
Based on the user integrate priority
Handover Indicator
- "Handover to GSM should be performed"
- "handover to GSM should not be performed"
GSM cell
WCDMA ce
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Paget 37
HUAWEI
The 2G and 3G systems have different cell sizes and coverage modes. Therefore, blind
handover across systems is not taken into account.
The LDR is implemented in the downlink (e.g.) as follows:
1. Based on the integrate priority, the LDR sorts the UEs in descending order. The top
CS/PS services are selected.
2. For the selected UEs, the LDR sends the load handover command to the inter-system
handover module to ask the UEs to hand over to the 2G system.
3. The handover module decides to trigger inter-system handover, depending on the
capability of the UE and the capability of the algorithm switch to support the
compression mode.
4. This action is successful if any load handover UE is found. Otherwise, this action fails.
Key parameters
UL/DL CS should be ho user number
n Parameter ID: UL/DLCSINTERRATSHOULDBEHOUENUM
# UL/DL CS should not be ho user number
a Parameter ID: UL/DLCSINTERRATSHOULDNOTBEHOUENUM
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved
UL / DL CS should be ho user number
Parameter ID: UL/DLCSINTERRATSHOULDBEHOUENUM
Content: These parameters specify the number of users to select in a UL/DL Inter-RAT
Should Be Load Handover in the CS Domain.
If the number of users that fulfil the criteria for Inter-RAT Should Be Load Handover in the
CS Domain is smaller than the value of this parameter, then all the users that fulfil the
criteria are selected.
NODEBLDR
UL / DL CS should not be ho user number
Parameter ID: UL/DLCSINTERRATSHOULDNOTBEHOUENUM
Should Not Be Load Handover in the CS Domain.
If the number of users that fulfil the criteria for Inter-RAT Should Not Be Load Handover
in the CS Domain is smaller than the value of this parameter, then all the users that fulfil
the criteria are selected.
NODEBLDR
.;;".' ."' '':':':' '"' "'"" ...,.,: .* -- -
Page138 I pf HUAWEI
Key parameters
UL/DL PS should be ho user number
D Parameter ID: UL/DLPSINTERRATSHOULDBEHOUENUM
UL/DL PS should not be ho user number
a Parameter ID: UL/DLPSINTERRATSHOULDNOTBEHOUENUM
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page139 Hi H U A W E I
UL / DL PS should be ho user number
Parameter ID: UL/DLPSINTERRATSHOULDBEHOUENUM
Should Be Load Handover in the PS Domain.
If the number of users that fulfil the criteria for Inter-RAT Should Be Load Handover in
the PS Domain is smaller than the value of this parameter, then all the users that fulfil
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDR/ MOD CELLLDR/ADD NODEBLDR/MOD
NODEBLDR
UL / DL PS should not be ho user number
Parameter ID: UL/DLPSINTERRATSHOULDNOTBEHOUENUM
Should Not Be Load Handover in the PS Domain.
If the number of users that fulfil the criteria for Inter-RAT Should Not Be Load Handover
in the PS Domain is smaller than the value of this parameter, then all the users that fulfil
Set this parameter through ADD CELLLDR/ MOD CELLLDR/ADD NODEBLDR/MOD
NODEBLDR
LDR Actions
AMR Rate Reduction
Target user
AMR services and with the bit rate higher than the GBR
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page140 W H U A W E I
In the WCDMA system, voice services work in eight AMR modes. Each mode has its own
rate. Therefore, mode control is functionally equal to rate control.
1. Based on the integrate priority, the LDR sorts the RABs in the descending order. The top
UEs accessing the AMR services (conversational) and with the bit rate higher than the
GBR are selected.
2. In uplink, the RNC sends the "Rate Control request" message through the lu-UP to the
CN to adjust the AMR rate to the GBR.
3. In downlink, The RNC sends the TFC CONTROL command to the UE to adjust the AMR
rate to the assured rate.
4. If the RNC cannot find a proper service for AMR rate reduction, the action fails. The LDR
performs the next action.
Key parameters
# UL/DL LDR-AMR rate reduction RAB number
D Parameter ID: UL/DLLDRAMRRATEREDUCTIONRABNUM
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page141 ' W W H U A W E I
Hf i
UL/DL LDR-AMR rate reduction RAB number
Parameter ID: UL/DLLDRAMRRATEREDUCTIONRABNUM
Content: These parameters specify the number of RABs to select in a UL/DL LDR AMR
rate reduction.
If the number of RABs that fulfil the criteria for AMR rate reduction is smaller than the
value of this parameter, then all the RABs that fulfil the criteria are selected.
LDR Actions
Code Reshuffl i ng
n Reallocate code resources for candidate user
a Code Adj ustment
*
Figure 1 Code tree fee-ore case- wi'ru^v.-.y
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The algorithm operates as follows:
1,Initialize the SF_Cur of the root node of subtrees to Cell LDR SF reserved threshold.
2,Traverse all the subtrees with this SF_Cur at the root node. Leaving the subtrees
occupied by common channels and HSDPA channels out of account, take the
subtrees in which the number of users is not larger than the value of the Max user
number of code adjust parameter as candidates for code reshuffling.
3,Select a subtree from the candidates according to the setting of the LDR code priority
indicator parameter.
If this parameter is set to TRUE, select the subtree with the largest code
number from the candidates.
If this parameter is set to FALSE, select the subtree with the smallest
number of users from the candidates. In the case that multiple subtrees have
the same number of users, select the subtree with the largest code number.
4,Treat each user in the subtree as a new user and allocate code resources to each user.
5,Initiate the reconfiguration procedure for each user in the subtree and reconfigure the
channel codes of the users to the newly allocated code resources.
The reconfiguration procedure on the air interface is implemented through the PHYSICAL
CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION message and that on the Iub interface through the
RL RECONFIGURATION message.
Key parameters
Max user number of code adjust
a Parameter ID: MAXUSERNUMCODEADJ
LDR code priority indicator
a Parameter ID: LdrCodePriUselnd
n The default value of this parameter is False
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page143 % H U A W E I
Max user number of code adjust
Parameter ID: MAXUSERNUMCODEADJ
Value range: 1 to 3
Content: This parameter specifies the maximum number of users that can be selected
whenever code reshuffling is performed.
LDR code priority indicator
Parameter ID: LdrCodePriUselnd
Value range: True, False
Content: This parameter specifies whether to select preferentially the subtree with a
relatively large code number during subtree selection.
LDR Actions
MBMS Power Reduction
a Purpose
The downlink power load can be reduced by lowering power on
MBMS traffic channels
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page144 S t H U A W E I
1. Select all RABs with low priorities.
2. The RNC initiates the reconfiguration procedure and resets the transmit power of
MTCH (FACH) to the minimum value. The transmit power corresponds to the MBMS
service.
3. The reconfiguration procedure on the Iub interface is implemented through the
COMMON TRANSPORT CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION REQUEST message.
: Contents
2.3 CAC {Call Admission Controi)
Over Load Control
Reasons
o In overload state, system is not stable
Purpose
a Ensuring the system stability and making the system back to the
normal state as soon as possible
Triggering of Over Load
a Power resource
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page146 w M p H U A W E I
After the UE access is granted, the power consumed by a single link is adjusted by the
single link power control algorithm. The power varies with the mobility of the UE and the
changes in the environment and the source rate. In some situations, the total power load of
the cell may be higher than the target load. To ensure system stability, overload congestion
must be handled.
Over Load Control
Over Load triggering
UL/DL load
k
OLC Trigger
threshold
OLC Release
threshold
r
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j
/
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i
u
1
tr
Overload congestion
released
V
f 4 4 time""
RNC periodic check
*- State Trans Hysteresis threshol d
Copyright 2009 H uawei Technoloc lies Co., Ltd. AH rights reserved. Page147 | f i | HUAWEI
If the current UL/DL load of an R99 cell is not lower than the UUDL OLC Trigger
threshold for some hysteresis (defined by the DL State Trans Hysteresis threshold in
DL; not configurable in UL), the cell works in overload congestion state and the related
overload handling action is taken. If the current UL/DL load of the R99 cell is lower than the
UL/DL OLC Release threshold for some hysteresis (defined by the DL State Trans
Hysteresis threshold in DL; not configurable in UL), the cell comes back to the normal
state.
The HSPA cell has the same uplink decision criterion as the R99 cell. The load in the
downlink, however, is the sum of load of the non-HSPA power (transmitted carrier power of
all codes not used for HS-PDSCH or HS-SCCH transmission) and the GBP..
Key parameters
a Parameter ID: NBMLDCALGOSWITCH
. UL_UU_OLC, DL_UU_OLC
UL/DL OLC trigger threshold
D
Parameter ID: UL/DLOLCTRIGTHD
UL/DL OLC release threshold
a Parameter ID: UL/DLOLCRELTHD
ifcf HUAWEI
Parameter ID: NBMLDCALGOSWITCH
Content: This parameter specifies the switch of UL/DL OLC.
UL_UU_OLC: UL overload control algorithm
DL_UU_OLC: DL overload control algorithm
UL/DL OLC trigger threshold
Parameter ID: UL/DLOLCTRIGTHD
Content: If the UL load of the cell is not lower than the value of the UL OLC trigger
threshold, the UL overload congestion control of the cell is activated.
If the DL load of the cell is not lower than the value of the DL OLC trigger threshold,
the DL overload congestion control of the cell is activated.
UL/DL OLC release threshold
Parameter ID: UL/DLOLCRELTHD
Content: If the UL load of the cell is lower than the value of the UL OLC release
threshold, the UL overload congestion control of the cell is deactivated.
If the DL load of the cell is lower than the value of the DL OLC release threshold, the
DL overload congestion control of the cell is deactivated.
Turn on OLC algorithm switch
I
Mark "current OLC state = un congested"
Start OLC congestion indication report
1
Mark "current action = first OLC action"
I
Clear the "selected" mark of all UE OLC actions
Congestion
state indicatio

I
Wait for congestion state indication
JLZ
I
Sequence
factions
cannot be
configured
(current
action is
taken
firstly)
=-c^purreri t OLC state = conge^rtetTr^z^-
Y
TFControl ^<T Succeed?^
Channel
switching of BE
service
Jl
-"" Succeed?
Releasing of
Succeed?
Send congestion
release indication
to MAC (downlink
congestion)
7
N
Mark
"current
action =
success-
ful action"
Wai t
time for
"OLC action
timer'
$
r
No related action can be found.
Mark "current action = first OLC action"
The general OLC procedure covers the following actions: TF control of BE services, channel
switching of BE services, and release of RABs. The RNC takes periodical actions if overload
congestion is detected.
When the cell is overloaded, the RNC takes one of the following actions in each period (defined by
the OLC period timer length parameter, e.g.3s) until the congestion is resolved:
1. TF control of BE service (only for DCH BE service)
2. Switching BE services to common channel
3. Choosing and releasing the RABs (for HSPA or DCH service)
If the first action fails or the first action is completed but the cell is still in congestion, then the
second action is taken.
Key parameters
OLC period timer length
a Parameter ID: OLCPERIODTIMERLEN
D The default value of this parameter is 3000 (ms)
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. AH rights reserved. Paget 50
# HUAWEI
OLC period timer length
Parameter ID: OLCPERIODTIMERLEN
A #
> ' Value range: 100 to 86400000
Content: This parameter specifies the period of overload control.
The default value of this parameter is 3000 (ms)
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OLC Action
TF Control
n Target user
The RABs with the DCH BE services
n Execution
The RNC sends the "TF control indication" message to the MAC.
MAC restricts the TFC selection : maximum TB number
- TFmax(N+1) = TFmax(N) x Ratelimitcoeff
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Al l rights reserved. Page151 i PI HUAWEI
Based on the RAB integrate priority, the OLC sorts the RABs into a descending order.
The following RABs are selected:
The RABs with the DCH BE services
The RABs with the lowest integrate priority.
The number of RABs selected is DL/UL OLC fast TF restrict RAB number.
In downlink, The RNC sends the TF control indication message to the MAC. Each MAC of
selected RABs will receive one TF control indication message and will restrict the TFC
selection (from TFCS) of the BE services to reduce the data rate step by step.
MAC restricts the TFC selection in a way like that the maximum TB number is calculated
wi t h the formula:
TFmax(N+1) = TFmax(N) x Ratelimitcoeff
where:
TFmax(O) is the maximum TB number of the BE service before the service is
selected for TF control.
TFmax(N+1) is the maximum TB number during time
TO+RateRstrctTimerLen* (N) t o TO+RateRstrctTimerLen* (N+1), where TO
is the time MAC receiving the TF control indication message.
RateRstrctTimerLen is a configurable parameter (DL TF rate restrict
timer l ength).
Ratelimitcoeff is a configurable parameter (DL OLC fast TF restrict data
rate restrict coefficient).
If the RNC cannot fi nd an appropriate service for the TF control or the time for performing
the TF control exceed the DL OLC fast TF restrict times parameter, the action fails. The
OLC performs the next action.
If the congestion is released, the RNC sends the congestion release indication to the MAC.
At the same ti me, t he rate recovery timer (whose length is defined by DL OLC fast TF
restrict data rate recover timer length) is started. When this timer is expired, the MAC
increases the data rate step by step.
MAC restricts the TFC selection by calculating the maximum TB number wi t h the formula:
TFmax(N+1) = TFmax(N) x RateRecoverCoeff
where:
TFmax(O) is the maximum TB number of the BE service before congestion release
indication is received.
TFmax(N+1) is the maximum TB number during time T1+ RateRecoverTimerLen * (N)
to T1+RateRecoverTimerLen* (N+1), where T1 is the time MAC receiving
congestion release indication message. RateRecoverTimerLen is a configurable
parameter (DL TF rate recover timer length).
RateRecoverCoeff is a configurable parameter (DL TF rate recover coefficient).
In the Uplink
For a UE accessing the DCH service, the RNC, in compliance with the 3GPP TS25.331, restricts the
TFC of the UE by sending the TRANSPORT FORMAT COMBINATION CONTROL message to the
UE , UE does not have any response if the procedure can be performed successfully.
The number of RABs to select is defined by the UL OLC fast TF restrict RAB number parameter.
UE UTRAN
TRANSPORT FORMAT
COMBINATION CONTROL
The TRANSPORT FORMAT COMBINATION CONTROL message contains the following lEs:
Transport Format Combination Set Identity: defines the available TFC that the UE
can select, that is, the restricted TFC sub-set. It is always the two TFCs
corresponding to the lowest data rate.
TFC Control duration: defines the period in multiples of 10 ms frames for which the
restricted TFC sub-set is to be applied. It is set to a random value from the
range of 10 ms to 5120 ms, so as to avoid data rate upsizing at the same time.
After the TFC control duration is due, UE can apply any TFC of TFCS before the TF control.
Each UE of selected RABs will receive the TRANSPORT FORMAT COMBINATION CONTROL
message. How many times TF control is performed is defined by the UL OLC fast TF restrict
times parameter.
If the RNC cannot find an appropriate service, the OLC performs the next action.
< ^
OLC Action e ^
TF Control example
\
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A fttm ,..
i &: ;
9*336 *~
3
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c
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Pagel 54
HUAWEI
Before point A, the cell is not in OLC state. The downlink data transfer rate is 384 kbit/s, the
corresponding TF is 12 x 336, and TFS is {12 x 336, 8 x 336,4 x 336, 2 x 336, 1 x 336,
0 x 336}.336 is the TB size, 320 payload + 16 MAC head
At point A, the cell enters OLC state. The RNC selects this RAB to do fast TF restriction.
MAC restricts the TFC selection during time between point A and point B by calculating
the maximum TB number as follows:
TFmax(1) = TFmax(O) x Ratelimitcoeff = 12 x 0.68 = 8.16
Match 8.16 and the TFS. Therefore, the maximum TB number is 8.
At point B, MAC performs further TFC restriction by calculating maximum TB number as
follows:
TFmax(2) = TFmax(1) x Ratelimitcoeff = 8 x 0.68 = 5.44
Match 5.44 and the TFS. Then, the maximum TB number is 4.
At point C and point D, similar process is followed.
Key parameters
UL/DL OLC fast TF restrict RAB number
a Parameter ID: U17DL0LCFTFRSTRCTRABNUM
UL/DL OLC fast TF restrict times
a Parameter ID: UL/DLOLCFTFRSTRCTTIMES
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page155 j W H U A W E I
UL/DL OLC fast TF restrict RAB number
Parameter ID: UL/DLOLCFTFRSTRCTRABNUM
Value range: Oto 10
Content: These parameters specify the maximum number of RABs selected in a fast
TF restriction of UL/DL OLC.
If the number of RABs that fulfil the criteria for TF control is smaller than the value of
this parameter, then all the RABs that fulfil the criteria are selected.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLOLC / MOD CELLOLC
UL/DL OLC fast TF restrict times
Parameter ID: UL/DLOLCFTFRSTRCTTIMES
Value range: Oto 100
Content: These parameters specify the times of UL/DL OLC fast TF restrictions that
are executed.
Key parameters
* DL TF rate restrict coefficient
a Parameter ID: RateRstrctCoef
DL TF rate restrict timer length
D Parameter ID: RateRstrctTimerLen
n The default value of this parameter is 3000 (ms)
-
| Pt | HUAWEI
DL TF rate restrict coefficient
Parameter ID: RateRstrctCoef
Content: This parameter specifies the data rate restriction coefficient in the fast TF
restriction. The smaller the parameter is, the more effective the TF restriction is. After
receiving the TF control indication, the MAC obtains the maximum TF format with the
formula TFmax' = TFmax x Ratelimitcoeff.
The default value of this parameter is 68 %
DL TF rate restrict timer length
Parameter ID: RateRstrctTimerLen
Value range: 1 to 65535 ms
Content: This parameter specifies the length of the data rate restriction timer in the fast
TF restriction. The smaller the value of this parameter is, the more effective the TF
restriction is.
The default value of this parameter is 3000 ms
Key parameters
DL TF rate recover timer length
n Parameter ID: RateRecoverTimerLen
D The default value of this parameter is 5000 (ms)
DL TF rate recover coefficient
a Parameter ID: RecoverCoef
The default value of this parameter is 130 %
|1> HUAWEI
DL TF rate recover timer length
Parameter ID: RateRecoverTimerLen
Value range: 1 to 65535 ms
Content: This parameter specifies the length of the data rate recovery timer. The
smaller the value of this parameter is, the faster the BE traffic rate increases after the
congestion is resolved.
The default value of this parameter is 5000 ms
DL TF rate recover coefficient
Parameter ID: RecoverCoef
Value range; 100 to 200 %
Content: This parameter specifies the data rate recovery coefficient in the fast TF
restriction. The larger the parameter is, the larger the TF recover effect. After receiving
congestion release indication, the MAC obtains the maximum TF format with the
formula TFmax' = TFmax x RateRecoverCoeff.
OLC Action
Switching BE Services to Common Channel
p Target user
Based on the user integrate priority
The users with the DCH or HSDPA BE services in PS
n Execution
The RNC sends "RB Reconfiguration" message to UE
UE make a response by "RB Reconfiguration Complete"
"""'':" ' " '"" -.;.,:.:/;- ;;:..::.::.;;.; --; ; ---
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.
HUAWEI
The OLC algorithm for switching BE services to common channel operates as follows:
Based on the user integrate priority, the OLC sorts all UEs that only have PS services
including HSPA and DCH services (except UEs having also a streaming bearer) into a
descending order.
The top N UEs are selected. The number of selected UEs is equal to Transfer Common
Channel user number. If UEs cannot be selected, the action fails. The OLC performs the
next action.
The selected UEs are switched to common channel.
Key parameters
Transfer Common Channel User number
a Parameter ID: TransCchUserNum
# 1
Transfer Common Channel User number
Parameter ID: TransCchUserNum
Content: This parameter specifies the transfer common channel user number
OLC Action
Release of Some RABs
D Target user
Based on the RAB integrate priority
DCH services RAB
n Execution
The RNC sends "IU Release Request" message to CN
The RNC sends "RRC Connection Release" message to UE
# |
:.:;;' ,' [' ' " ' "'
HUAWEI
OLC Algorithm for the Release of Some RABs in the Uplink:
The OLC algorithm for the release of some RABs in the uplink operates as follows:
Based on the integrate priority, the OLC sorts all RABs including HSUPA and DCH services
into a descending order.
The top RABs selected. If the integrate priorities of some RABs are identical, the RAB with
higher rate (current rate for DCH RAB and GBR for HSUPA RAB) in the uplink is
selected. The number of selected RABs is equal to UL OLC traff release RAB number.
The selected RABs are released directly.
OLC Algorithm for the Release of Some RABs in the Downlink
The OLC algorithm for the release of some RABs in the downlink operates as follows:
Based on the integrate priority, the OLC sorts all RABs into a descending order.
The top-priority RABs are selected. If the integrate priorities of some RABs are identical,
the RAB with higher rate (current rate) The number of selected RABs is equal to DL
OLC traff release RAB number.
The selected RABs are directly released.
Key parameters
UL/DL OLC traff release RAB number
u Parameter ID: UL/DLOLCTRAFFRELRABNUM
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page161 P w H U A W E I
UL/DL OLC traff release RAB number
Parameter ID: UL/DLOLCTRAFFRELRABNUM
Value range: Oto 10
Content: Either parameter specifies the number of RABs released in a UL or DL OLC
release action.
If the number of RABs that fulfil the criteria for release is smaller than the value of this
parameter, then all the RABs that fulfil the criteria are selected.
) Summary
PUC (Potential User Control)
LDB (Intra-Frequency Load Balancing)
CAC (Call Admission Control)
IAC (Intelligent Admission Control)
LDR (Load Reshuffling)
OLC (Overload Control)
':::;.;;:..::: - ./ . - ' . ' ' :
:
:.-. .
Thank You
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. AH rights reserved. Paget 63
| P | HUAWEI
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