EAITKAH, AHA,IJ,OITI1JA, EITI1CKI1I1CTOK

BJUlOUMUpJIEKOBHE
[JOKpajW-lCKU saeoo sa 3aUUTlUlTly cuouenuica tcy.ntuype, H06U Cao
HC'IHa TCMa. HC'IHO MlIl'lCKMBalbC CYHlJ;a. Q'IM yBCK ynepene. "Ex Oriente
lux ... ". Crapa JIaTl1HCKa M3pCKCl nan-ana jc na ynpaso 'raj MOMCHaT, se-urror,
/KMBOTogClBHor KapaKTcpa I1cToKa. PY/KWIaCTOrrpCTa 30pa xnn.anawa ronana jc
l11I1'ICKMBaHa ca )KygH,Ol\I, a crpernsosr y nyunr. Xohe rnr HajaBl1TM nnn onjamrra
O'-ICKl1BaHor? Kacmrje. xana jc CBaKO CBaKOMC Morao na 6ygc na MCTOKy, aspexa
JIaTMHa norinna je caCBMM npyra-rujy KOHoTa:O;l1jy. Y M3BOpHOM 3HWIClbY CBaKaKO 6M
6Mna npoaannaa arm y crapa npesrena aa onnaunsn Mupo KonMKO MCTMHC! Taxro je
"Pajcxn BpT". Taxro M rrpnn nan '-IOBCKOB. Haje nM y Ciuapou 3a6eLIly' ca-rysan
MCMCHTO HCl MyKOTplIaH II HCM3BCCTaH rryr gOMCCTl1Ka:O;l1jc, TC npeuecen y nerenny,
360r ana-raja, carynan aa napanrraje? I'pemnnxy nporepanosr M3 Paja npecybeuo je
" ... 3CMJba na je npoxnera c 'refie: CMyKOMhem ce on n.e XpaHl1Tl1 go caojera anjexa;
TPlbC 1'1 xopon he 1'1'1 paharn, a Tl1 heur jCCTM 3CJbC rrOJbCKO; Ca 3HOjCM naua cnojera
jeurheur xneri, JJ:OKJIC ce HC BpClTMIII Y 3CMJbY on KOjC Cl1 Y3CT; ..." (1. Moj. 3, 18-19).
AKO caxr y npaay, KonMKO jc TO yorrurre xroryhe, mrraxs ce 360r 'Icra CC y Ciuapou
3a6emy M3gBajajy 'IOBCKOB1'1 aClmC1:MTCTM npexra 6MJbHOj ncxpann II nocerino, 3HaTHO
xacnnje, npynpyxcyjy HaMMpHMIJ;C IKMBOTMlbCKor nopexna? ITo ypeben.y CBCTa Bor je
OgpCgMO 'IOBCKy: cc... CEO gao caM BaM CBC 6MJbC lIlTO HOCM CjCMC no CBOj 3CMJbM, M
CBa npse'ra pomra xoja HOCC CCMC; TO he BaM 6MTM sa xpany" ( 1 Moj. 1,29). Aa 6M
nocne norona M nocrre npaaornen.a /KpTBC on CTpaHC Hoja M n.eroaax CMHOBa,
nonrro My CC OMMnMna, 6narOCMJbaO npMHocMO:O;C pexaanrn MM, nopen ocranor:
"IlITo ron MWIC M /KMBM, HCKa BaM 6ygc aa jerto, CBC BaM TO nanox xao serrerry
.rpauy' (1 Moj. 9. 3). Mnora cy mrran.a nOCTaBJbCHa, MHoro hc MX jour 6MTM, a
6pojHa hc OCTaT1'1 6C3 onronopa.
Ynpauo M IJ;I1Jb onor pana jc na I10CTaBM M3BCCHa mrran.a 6C3 nperensnja na
na n.nx na OgfOBOp KClKO 611 ce enetrryarmo '-IMTao:o;y Morno y'IMHMTM. Y
KOMCHTapMMa nocrre nocrasrsan,a mrraa.a KOHCTaTOBaHC cy 113BCCHC '-IMlbCHI1:O;C M
)];aTO HClIlTO cn(60)J;HMjc nojaunsen,e M yrropehen,a, CBC y HaMcpM KaKO 6M CC
npennoacana M 1'1crrpOBO:O;MpanM MoryhM npasua 6ygyhMX MCTpa/KI1Balba. YKonMKO
nax -nrranan CTCKHC na HCKOM MCCTy npyra-nrjn yrucax, 360r eaenryanae
UH'raTIl npcyacrn IU rrpC1H11\a D. D,alllI'lllha, CBCTOnncxro Crapora II Honor-a 3aBjcTa, Bcorpan
1%7.
101
[JIaCHI1K CALI, 11
..
CKyrrOBI1 CeKlJ,I1ja )J,pYIllTBa
cyreCTI1BHOCTI1 y nsnourerr.y nojennnnx nonaraxa I1JII1 360r KOHcTpyKlJ,11je cxexre
upeaerrrnpaa.a I1CT11X, nexa 6ygc y y6el)clliY na TO HI1je CYlIlTI1Ha, BCn BCpOBClTHU
)KCJba .o;a CC onpehcmr rrp06JIeMl1 axnearyjy.
06311pOM ga he ce rraraa.a OpMYJII1CaT11 ca 6aJIKaHCKe rJIegllIIITCl.
neonxonno je nperxonno 113HCTI1 HCKOJII1KO KPliTWIKI1X rrpllMeg611. ,IJ,aHalIlI-be cran.e
apXeOJIOlIIKe nncnannaae IIO mrran.axra BC3aHliM aa rrp06JICMaTliKy
HCOJII1TCKe rpaacrpopsrannje na npocropy OaJIKaHa He MO)KC na Hac aanoaon.n 113
urnne pasnora. Ha npaoxr MCCTy MopaMO llMaTI1 y sany Ql1lhCHI1lJ,y ua jc paanoj
apXeOJIOlIlKe nayxe BeOMa pannnan 11 .o;llHaMWIaH, rrorOTOBO aKO ce Y3MC y 06311P
ncpuon 0.0; xpaja nenecerax romrna xana jc sano-rer KOMrrJICKc<'IH
I1HTepgl1ClJ,llrrJII1HapHI1 npojexar ncrpaxcaaaa.a y Kypnncrany non
PYKOBOgCTBOM P06cpTa Epcnayna. Jour je 6p)Kll paasoj CnaKTHI1X 11 npaponnnx
nayxa xoje cy CC Y nporpaxre apxeorrora. lbl1XOBO
yxn.y-nraan.e Hl1jC gOBCJIO caMO .0;0 TCXHWIKO-TCXHOJIOlIlKOr II MCTogOJIOIIIKOr
ynanpehen.a seh 11 go 'rpancrpopxrauaje apxeonoraje xao HayKC. I1HTep-
gl1CIJ;llrrJII1HapHO anraxconan,e na rrpliKyrrJbalhY Hc6pojCHO MHoro nona'raxa
OTBOpl1JIO jc 11 HCCJIyncHe gllMeH311je y I1HTeprrpCTaTI1BHOM CMI1CJIY, TaKO na ce
apXeOJIOIIIKll npouec He na Hll 3aMI1CJIllTli 6C3 'raxnor npncryna.
Hexe on TI1X I1HTepgl1ClJ,llrrJII1Ha cy naaac caMOCTaJIHC gI1ClJ,l1rrJII1He. He CMC
ce sariopaaara na cy seh npsn ayropn panehn na cacreaarasanaja II noxymajy na
cncooyxaaruo xynrypuo-acropajcxa mrreprrperapajy xyrrrypy 11
npermsnpajy I-bCH llHTCPHli passoj TC pCJIaTI1BHO XpOHOJIOIIIKC O.o;HOCC, 611JII1 y
113Y3CTHO HC3aBligHoM rronoxcajy. Oopahasarm cy HaJIa3C xoje jc HCKO npyrn
ncxortao 20 II BI1IIIC ronnna pannje, 113MCl)y nsa CBCTCKa para TC ca CKOpl1jI1X.
Benl1HOM cOHga)KHI1X ncxorranan.a y TagaIIIlhl1M YCJIOBI1Ma II ca HCgOBOJbHO
113gl1cpCHIJ;l1paHOM apXCOJIOIIIKOM opajerrrauajosr TC HcgocTaTKOM KOMrrapaTI1BHOr
cpehenor MaTcpl1jaJIa ca nmper npocropa OaJIKaHa. Crparernja narser pana 611JIa je
opajenrncana na aKTllBHOCT npnxynn.aa,a nonaraxa na TcpeHy. npann.cn.y
apXeOJIOIIIKllX KapaTa, cOHga)KHllM ncxonaaan.teaa Malhcr llJII1 seher o611Ma ca
gaToM TCXHllKOM II MCTo.o;OJIOrlljoM. Caxro rrap CI1CTCMaTCKliX apXCOJIOIIIKI1X 3aXBaTCl
na Benoj rrOBpIllI1HI1 ca CTpaHI1M (Aaaaoeroso, Oope, ,IJ,llBOCTI1H),
3aTliM pCJIaTI1BHO 6pojHa connaacna apXeOJIOIIIKa ncxonaaan,a xao 11 HCKOJII1KO
BCnl1X CI1CTCMaTCKI1X 3aXBaTa, aJII1 y OKBliPY rrporpaMa 3aIIITliTC y 06JIaCTI1Ma nehe
llHBeCTI1IJ;llOHC aKTI1BHOCTli xoja ca C060M .o;OHOCI1 nerrpensanase II HC)KClliCHC
rrOCJIcgllIJ;C, HI1CY 611THO rrpOMCHI1JIC npncryn y unrepnper-atnijn
paHOHCOJII1TCKe xynrypc. CBaKaKo na cy OHa 060raTl1JIa HalII CpOHg
snan,a, OpMl1paJIe cy ce HOBC KyJITypHe rpyrrc, 60Jbe carrrenan onaoc CTapQCBaTIKc
ca npyrm HCOJIllTCKI1M rpynaxra, aJII1 aa TCOpl1jCKOM nnany nnje ce rrOKa3aJIO
rOTOBO nnnn-a HOBO. MO)K.o;a TO 11 aaje 611JIO Morync na OCHOBy narnx pC3yJITaTa.
Moxcna cy npaa ayropn na cacreuarnsanaja Crap-rena, panehn na rro MCHI1
HCyCJIOBHOM MaTcplljaJIy, 3al1CTa ycrrCJII1. MCl)YTllM, onne ce uaxrehe mrrau.e aa JIH
cy ouaopana JIOKaJII1TCTli yonurre MOrJIli na npyxce pCJICBaHTHe nonarxc sa OBy
rrp06JICMaTliKy. Hnax, cy onpehena noriorsuraa,a y nepaomrsauaja H
cacrenarnaanaja ,IJ,. Apanbenosah-Tapaurannn (Garasanin M. 1979). Taxobe jc
ca-ina.ena nornyno HOBa cacresraruaauaja na OCHOBy CTI1JICKO-THrrOJIOIIIKI1X
102
B. JICKOBHh EaJIKaH, bJII1CKl1l1CTOK
OCOOCHOCTI1 CTap'ICBa'IKHX KCpaMWIKl1X rtocyna TC CTaTl1CTl1'IKl1X 11 crpa-
Tl1rpaCpCKI1X IIOK<UaTCJha npcreanyjyha na ca opajenraunjov
11 xynrypno-acropnjcxou oYAC yHI1BCp3aJIHa, sa 'Il1TaBy
CTap'lCBa'IKy 'rcprrropnjy (Dimitrijevic 1979). Haxo ce na MHOrl1M MeCTl1Ma noxasana
caMHM CBOjl1M HaCTaHKOM, YKa3aJIa jc Aa nocroje ua AO
rana rrocrojchnxr Y pCJIaTl1BHO HOBl1jc BpCMC, TaKo!)c na
KapaKTCpl1CTI1Ka:-.[(\ OCTaTaKa KCpal\IWIKC npCAJIO)KCHa je npyra-nrja
Cl1CTc:-'IaTH3anHja xoja I1Ma CBC I3I1IIIC (Srejovic 1988). O'Il1rJICAHO jc
Mcl)YTH\I Aa CBe cucrcxia-raaanajc nanac y yrtorperia HMajy jCAHy aajenan-rxy
xapaxrcpncrnxy. ;1 'ra jc rta CBOjy HHTcprrpeTaTI1BHY JIOn1KY 6a3Hpajy na
CCJICKTHBIIOj ouafipunor xrarepnjana ynorpefin.aaajyhn npn TOM onurra
TCOpHjCIGI MCCTa 11 uocrojchc aJIH HCAOBOJbHC pC3yJITaTC H
IIOHCKaA cnaKTHHX nnyrca. Y rrOCJIC1Vbl1X ABaACCCTaK rOAHHa, TcpCHCKa aKTHBHOCT
CC CBeJIa vrnanuoxi Ha COHA,DKHa pcxornocnapan,a ca HCAOBOJbHO
CTp;lTCrIIjoM 11 yrJIaBI-IOM HC3aAOBOJbaBajyhHM MCTOnOJIOIIlKHM npncrynoxr.
PC3YJITaTH TaKBI1X I1CTp<DKHBalba oHBajy yxrranana y nocrojehe
HCIICJCTojcha jacna crparcruja nyropo-mor nay-nrc HCTpa)KHBa'IKor pana
oxroryhuna je HcaJ\CKBaUle MCTOJ\OJIOIIlKe npacryne 6C3
a oaexioryhuna IWropO'IHy npojcxunjy epOpMl1paIba CTpy'IHC 11
Hay'IHoIICTp<DKIIBatIKC CTPYKTYpC. CBC pe'ICHO l1Ma onpasa H na reopnjcxu pan,
oojaum.en,a H nocrojehe oa3HpaHC na aHaJIII3H
epopMaJIHO-Tl1IIOJIOIIIKHX KapaKTepl1CTHKa, CTHJICKO-CTaTl1CTWIKHX nonaraxa,
CTpaTHrpaclKKHX H oncepaannja ca KyJITypHO-
HCTOpl1jCKOM l1HTCprrpCTaTl1BHOM opnjerrrannjoxr, xoja l1Ma CBOjl1X HCAOCTaTaKa
(Trigger 19()8). osroryhyjy xpc'ran.e y Kpyr. <PHKcHpalbc Tporrcp110AHOr Cl1CTeMa
JIOrWIKH ce JIaKO M())KC 06jaCHl1TI1, aJII1 je O'Il1rJICAHa n.crona y
3aT130pCHOCTH TCOpHjCKc MHCJII1. CI3C PC'ICHO ce onpaxcaea 11 na opnjenrarmjy y
l1CTpa)KI1Ba
'IKoM
nonyxsa'ry aa mrreprrpcrannju epeHoMcHa HeOJII1TCKC
rpaacrpopuannjc na rrpocropnua Eanxana. Mehy cnponcxm-r 11 HaIIll1M
y nornerty ua ouaj CpCHOMCH H n.erony rCHC3Y, 113 nepcrrexrnae Banxana, nocrojn
rpojax npucryu. AyToxToHH3aM, Al1CPY3110HH3aM
2
- axynrypannja H
(Benac Garasanin M. 1978, 1980, 1985; Dumitrescu 1983; Jovanovic 1972;
Mogosanu 1983; Srejovic 1988; Tonoposa-Bajcon 1993; Tringham 1971; Boroneant
1973; Garasanin D. 1975). I13BpmcH je noxyuraj npc-nnuhaean,a TCPMl1HOJIOIIlKl1X
KOHTpaAl1KTopr-rOCTH 11 necyrnacaua OKO l1CTI1X - aKcpaMwIKI1 11 npcxepaxnorxu
r-rCOJII1T, rrpOTO-HCOJII1T H nnayrypacan KcpaMWIKI1 MC30JIl1T KOjOM rrpl1JII1KOM cy
YCTaHOBn)CHH Ilpl1l\IapHI1, cCKyHAapHH 11 reorparpcxn
(Benne 1980). Taxohc je rrpCAJI())KCH 11 CJIO)KCHl1 McxaH113aM
npenomcn.a OAPC1)CHl1x xa-reropnja Kp03 npocrop 11 BpCMC Y3 aKTI1BHY l1JII1rraCl1BHY
yrtory ay'roxrona (Garasanin M. 1985), carrracao seh nocrojehnv 'reopnjajaa 0
HJIH rpanaunoaoj 'ICCTO y nenonynncan nna cnatio HaCCJbCH
2 nOll J(mpy31ljml cc IIlllpCH,C lI)lcjil. Ckyn H)\cja npCl\CTaBJ1,a KynTYPY. 0110 J1ITO cc
H,LJIlBa MATEPVlJA.T1HOMKYJlTYPOM cy y crnapu npOlI:3BO)\H KYJlTYPE. npOH:3BO)\1I
KYJlTYPE cc xiory IIlllpllTH na ilBa uanuna: H 'rpronnnoxr. Ca npmrxr CCI1IHrC If If)\ejc
)\OK KO)\ npyror uanura TO nnjc otiancaau cnyiaj.
103
fJlaCHMK CA,Il, 11 Cxynonn cexnnja JJ:pYIliTBa
13aJlKaH ca Herr03HaTMM rrocnenauasra rro ay'roxrone -"wave of advance"
(Ammerman - Cavalli - Sforza 1971; Tonoposa - Bajcos 1993) MJl11 HCIiiTO
Mo,o;11qmKoBaH "stop-and-start" rrpouec (Barker 1989; Zvelebil 1989) na 11 ca
rrperr03HaTJbMB11M eTHWIK11M T11X noxrepan.a (Zvelebil - Zvelebil 1988).
onpcsnocr y noaouren.y saxn.ynaxa Y Be311 KOMrrJleKCH11X epcHoMeHa KaKBM
cy 11 CBaKaKO na je neonxonna na M xana
ce nocxiarpajy Tep11TOp11jaJlHO 6Jl11CKe xyrrrype ca ,o;06P11M
(Redman 1978; Trigger 1968).
Ca ,o;pyre crpaae, pe3YJlTaT11 KOMrrJleKCHMX
npojexara na BeJl11KOM 6pojy 11 pano-
narraannrra jyroaanamre A311je TCK HaM osroryhyjy na cseooyxnarnaje
carrrenaxro KOMrrJlCKCHOCT 11 nyrorpajaocr HCOJlMTCKe rpaacdiopxcaunje. IIpC;a;HOCTH
11CKp11CTaJl11CaJlc cy ce TeK rrOCJlC HM3a M11JleHMjyMa. MM raj nportec
jCCMO y MoryhHOCT11 na rrpaTI1MO, ann MCXaHI13aM ,o;aJlCKO jc 0,0; naurer
ca3HCULa, a oueny najesio car-to rro ;a;eepI1H11TMBHI1M nocnemnrasia KOjC je M3a3Bao II
I13a3I1Ba M nan.e. je rpajaa npouec. He nonceha JlI1 Hac TO na rope
I13HCT I13 Crapor 3aBeTa. JJ:a npenas 0,0; ;a;I1peKTHe, onopTyH11CTWIKC
excnnoat-aunje rrpI1pO;a;HI1X pecypca na I1H;a;11pCKTHY (Bailey 1981), nyro HI1jC I1MaO
onpasa na -roaexosy I1CXpaHy I13BaHpC;a;HO je sna-rajan 3aKJbY'IaK, KOjMMQ)Ke na I1l\Ia
;a;aJlCKOCe)KHe rtocnenaue; I13Be;a;eH je na OCHOBy aHaJlI13e npacycrsa y
Jby;a;CKI1M KOCTI1Ma. AyTOp OBe aHaJlI13e ce sanpaao rnrra "360r -rer-a cy
rrpI1XBaTMJlI1 O;a;rOBopHOCT aa arpI1KYJlTYPY" xana HeMa npoxrerra y ;a;I1jeTI1
(Schoeninger 1981). IIpe;a;rrOCTaBJbCHI1 npnpornnr rrpC;a;YCJlOBM na EJlMCKOM I1CTOKy,
06I1Jl)c II pa3HOJlMKOCT nsnopa xpane, cy aa HCKe rrpMXBaTJbMB OCHOB sa "HCOJlI1TCKY
paspahcn y "Broad Spectrum Revolution" XMrrOTe3I1 (Flannery 1969), IWK
TOnosone y rnrran,e (Edwards 1989). Kon je,o;HI1X cy OCHOBHM Y3POK npoxrenc y
KJlMMM xoje Hy)KHO ;a;OBO;a;C no rrpoMeHa l1 y 6l1oreorpacpIijI1
nporemrropa noxrahax spcra. ;a;OK npyrn yxasyjy na Gpojue KOHTpoBep3e o rpajan.y
l1 KapaKTepy TaKBl1X npoxiena II Moryher na 6I1oreorpaepl1jy (Redman 1978).
Taxohe nocroje rrp06JleMI1 M ca neuorparpcxaa XI1rrOTe3aMa (Mellaart
1975; Flannery 1969). 360r I13HCTl1X necyrnacnua npenrrozcen je KOMrrpOMI1CHI1. aJlI1
;a;I1HaMWIHI1 "MYJlTI1epaKTOpCKI1 npncryrr" (Redman 1978). Hnax I13rJlC;a;a CBe BI1IlIe
aaoxynn.a nazcn.y najnoanja TCOpI1ja <1>. XOJla 0 ;a;BOCTerreHOM 0 BpC-
MCHCKI1 l1 TCpI1TOpl1jaJlHO I13;a;BojcHl1M noxrecraxamrjaxca epJlope - orrronere npe
18.000 ron, II rpayne - cca 10.000 ron, (Hole 1984). Oprancxo cnajan,e OBC ;a;BC spcrc
HeMI1HOBHO ;a;OBO;a;I1 no "erpexra YMHO)KaBalba KOjI1 jc nao
HCOJll1TCKOj xapaxrep" (Hole 1984). ,Il,a JlI1 je Orapn
3aBeT oner I1MaO rrpano? Cnajan.e je ;a;OKyMeHToBaHO TOKOM npexepasnmxor
HCOJl11Ta 13 - K03a y cpena.oj epa3l1 (7.200-6.500 npe n.e.), l1 [OBC'IC Y xacnoj
(6.500-6.000 npe n.e.), ;a;OK ce CBI1lba II nac ;a;eepl1HI1TI1BHO nojann.yjy y epl1HaJlHoj
Cpa3I1 E/IJ: (Rollefson 1989). Y HCKI1M 06JlaCT11Ma Aaanormje ;a;OMMHI1pa rose-re xao l1
y Pac Illaxrpn Vc II Te.n Pasrany II. Orr11CaHa cl1M6I103a O;a;I1rpaJla ce y
nonyueceny" M yrJlaBHOM ca epyrntajov nexsorparpcxor rrpl1TI1CKa.
,Il,0Jl<13I1 no ;a;eepI1HI1TI1BHMX II CYIlITI1HCKMX nposrena y KyJlTypI1 Y CBI1M BM;a;OBl1Ma
104
B. JIeKOBl1h EaJIKaH, AHagOJIl1ja, EmICKl1l1CTOK
noaauran.a (Mcllaart 1975; Eanep 1989; Redman 1978; Kenyon 1960; Hole et all. 1969;
Braidwood 1(71).
Ilpexra HCllIleM uanaum.er casnaa.y HeUITO npe cpemme VII MHJI. rrpe H.e.
nojann.yjy cc na Earrxaay npeKepaMwIKa H npOTOHeOJIHTCKa HaCeJLa. Y TeCaJIHjl1
ce, 063HpOM na YKa3ClH gHcKoHTHHyHTeT na npenasy H3 MC30JIHTa y HeOJIHT,
rrpeTIIOCTClBJLa CTpcUlO reHeTCKO rrOpeKJIO npexepasnr-ncor HeOJIl1Ta. Ha TaKBoj
OCHOBI1 CpopMHpa ce ayroxrono paun KepaMwIKH HeOJII1T y OKBI1PY crapnjer
6aJIKaHCKo-aHagOJICKOr KOMrrJIeKca. ,UaJbI1 TOKOBH y crapnjesr H cpenn.exr HeOJIHTy
Tecarmje yrJIaBHOM npnnanajy 6aJIKaHCKo-aHagOJICKOM KOMrrJIeKcy. OgaTJIC ce
norahajy nponopn y ceBepHO-6aJIKaHCKO-naHoHcKo-KaprraTcKH KOMnJIeKC (Benac -
Garasanin - Srejovic 1(79) ca narepapmor mapen.ev npexra AJI6aHl1jH H Eyrapcxoj
(Prendi 1990; Tonopoua - Bajcos 1(93). IIpH KyJITypHO-XpOHOJIOlIlKOM geqmHl1Calby
6aJIKaHCKo-aHagOJICKOr KOMIIJIeKCa 'Il1HH MH ce na je HegoBOJbHO jacno onpeben
n.eron OgHOC npexia npOTOHCOJIl1Ty 'Eepnana ca jenne crpane H OgHOC npexia reaean
KOMrrJIeKCa ca npyre (Garasanin M. 1985;
Garasanin D. 1975: Brukner 1(75).
IlOCJle YBOgHHX narroxrena 0 gaHalIllbl1M caanan.ana Be3aHl1M sa
eHoMeH HarOBClIlTeHHM rrp06JIeMHMa H gHJIeMaMa 're 6pOjHHM
oTBOpeHI1M rrHTaH,HMa npeJICl3HMO na, y HaCJIOBy onpebeno, nocrann.aa.e HeKHX
mrran,n.
I flPl1flPEMA flVlTAl-bA
I'pyrra AH3a6crOBo-BplIlHHK I je reHeTCKl1 seaana ca xpajesr panor H
cpcnn.er HeOJII1Ta TeCaJIHje (Tlpececxno, 11 CeCKJIo), a ayropa
yxaayjy H na 113BeCHe CJIWIHOCTI1 ca Tlporocecxnoxr. Yxasyje ce 11 na CpOgHOCT ca
OCTaJIl1M rpyrraMa II3HHKJIIIM y OKBHpl1Ma 6aJIKaHCKo-aHagOJICKOr xyrrrypnor
KOMrrJIeKca. To ce na jacno yO'IHTH II Y Ha'IHHy npaapehnaan,a. Y OgHOCy npexta
aYHH npmreme cy, rronerne aarrexraprsnae, pa3JIl1Ke. Beosia je MaJIl1 nOCTOTaK
gIIBJbHX npcra, gOK KOg gOMalmx anCOJIyTHO noxnmapajy caprovidi (Bokonyi 1976,
1988). MCTa je cnrynunja H y rpynn, a seponarno 11 y
faJIa6HIIKy II Kapanoey (Georgiev 1981; Hl1KOJIOB 1992; Tonoposa - Bajcos 1993).
Mel)YTl1M nuje HCTa cnryauaja y Typa Eahynyn rpynn y PyMyHHjH (Ba1omey 1(66),
gOK je y narroncxoj Kepern rpyrrn l1CTOBeTHa cnryanaja lIlTO ce TWle gOMahHx
)Kl1BOTHllia II aKO HC rrpnnana 6aJIKaHCKo-aHagOJICKOM KOMnJIeKcy (Bokonyi 1974,
1(88).
3HCPlajHa pa3JIIIKa rrocrojn y aHaJI113HpaHOM OCTeOJIOlIlKOM MaTepHjaJIy ca
npocropa crapnjer H cpemser HeOJIHTa rne je na
5 JIOKaJIHTeT<1 H TO: Hoca-Encepua 06aJIa, JIeneHCKl1 BHp III, Ilanaaa V, rOJIOKyT-
BH3Hh (Lazic 1(88) H EyKoB'Ia (BeTHHh 1985) nnure JIOBHHX )l(l1BOTHlba, gOK Mel)y
gOMahHM gOMHHHpa rOBC'Ie. Kon ,upyre rpyne on 9 HaJIa3HlIlTa gOMl1HHpajy noxrahe
)l(IIBOTHILe ca H3pCl3HTHM 6pOjCM rose-rera: Crap-reno, ,UHBOCTHH (Lazic 1988),
,UoM6olIl-CajaH (Giric 1(74), 3JIaTapa-PyMa (Blazic), Te'IHh (BeTHHh 1986), 06pe I
105
rJIaCHl1K CA,IJ, 11 CKyrrOBl1 cextmja ,IJ,PYUlTBC1
(Bokonyi 1976a), Kpra, Typa Eahyrryn (Bolomey 1966), OCl1M Y
apXCOJIOiliKOr HaJIa311IIITa Ml1XajJIOBau;-Klberrl1IIITe (Bokonyi 1992) me cy osue
lJ;OMl1HaHTHe aJIl1 He 11 y MecHoj KOJIWmHl1. je .n;a ce na 'reptrropaja
11 KPIIIII rpyrre onarpasao npyra-mja npouec nero y CBl1M OKOJIHl1M
rpynaxra. I1HTepecaHTHO je na y CJIojeBl1Ma npexepaxra-nce Aprncc y Tecannja
sarn-resro cnenehy crrryaunjy: .n;OM. cann.a 216 - .n;IIBJha 5, .n;OM. rone-re 103 - .n;l1I3JI)C
11, .n;OK je .n;OM. osna rrpIIcyTHa ca 33 cPparMeHTOBaHl1X KOCTIIjy, a rrac ca 4 (Boessnek
1960). Tpe6a raxohe HarJIaCl1TII na na HeKl1M u;eHTpaJIH06aJIKaHCKl1M-
xapnarcxm JIOKaJIl1TeTIIMa 3aTWlCMO nejacny Cl1TyaU;IIjy 360r qIIlbeHl1IJ;e na
curypno nocenyjy BIIIIIe XopII30HaTa cranoaan.a, .n;OK je aHaJI113a nara 3611pHO. To
o3611JhHO .n;OBO.n;l1 y mrran.e a.n;eKBaTHY narepnpcraunjy, aJIl1 na onurrexr nrrany TI1
XOPlI30HTl1 npananajy, OClIM y nap cny-rajesa, lICTOM KyJITypHOM Ml1Jhey H
peJIaTlIBHO KpaTKoM npexrencxov nepnony. Hnax, HCCIlOpHO je ua CMO OBaKBlIM
lIHcP0pMlIcalbeM ycxpahenn sa neran.nnjy aHaJIlI3Y, IIITO HIIKaKO HIIje 6e3 ana-raja.
nJ1TAlbE:
KaKO atyua-uuuu cuipataezuiy zajetea zoee-ceuia II C611J-bC Y
6aflKwicKO -icapuauiacou y OUNOCy ua etconouujy caprovida y
tianKaNCtco-auaooncKOJ'.t tcosaineKCy?
Osne ce TaKol)e naxrehe naran,e: Kaxo ce MO)Ke o6jacHlITII nocrojaa,e
6e3porlIx onaua y rrplIMepU;lIMa Aasatieroaa xoje HlICY .n;OKyMcHToBaHc y crapajesr
HeOJIlITY Tp-rxe, .n;OK cy npncyrne TaKol)e II y OKBIIPY u;eHTpaJIH06aJIKaHCKO-
xapnarcxo-rranoncxor MlIJhea panor II cpenn.er HeOJIlITa?
Ilajexro xao KOMeHTap nornaraa.y MlIIIIJhelbe ayropa aHaJIlI3a )KIIBOTl1lbCKHX
OCTaTaKa KOjlI ce mrra: "Hrrax, 6y.n;yhlI npaxrepua he aepoaarno CMeCTIITlI 6e3pory
OBU;y y jep je OHa lIHlIU;lIjaJIHO MeCTO YJIa3Ka lI3 Jyroaananne Aanje" (Bokonyi
1976)?
Kao KOMeHTap y Be3II OCHOBHor rnrraa.a lI3HOCIIM E. C. Xure-a II
M. P. Japxiaa-a 0 MoryhHocTlI pannje noxrecrnxannje rone-rera y EBpOIlII
HJIH TypCKOj (1969: 37), .n;OK na JIOKaJIHy .n;oMecTlIKaU;IIjy oaue II rone-rera yxasyjc
P. B. ,IJ,eHeJI y CBOjOj xronorparpaja "European Economic Prehistory (Barker 1989:
fig.97), a npyrn ynIIpy npcrosr na naJIKaH IIITO ce rone-rera TWle (Redman 1978).
Tlopen 'rora aepoaarno ce aa npocropana Eanxana H MaHIInYJIl1CaTH
.n;lIBJhIIM rpaaaxra (Carciumaru 1973, 1978), IIITO je osror-yhnno BeOM3 6P30
npnxnaran,e ceo6e "exotic cerealia, emmer and bread wheat" "into an environment and
subsistence system pre-adapted for them" (Barker 1989: 253-254).4
::I Flpacycrno na npocropuxta Enponc KOHCTanmaHO jc aanaaaxra ca JTOKaJlliTCTCl
ropn.cr nJTCI1CTOI\Clla H panor XOJTOI\CHa. cy KaTCrOpl1CaHI1 xao Ovis sp. ,1.111 If
Olradelaphus, Oargaloides, Ocfal1ll1lon, Oicf.orientalis, (Lammon orientalis (Barker ILJXX). D,uB,1>I1
npcnax rrocrojao jc 1\0 cxopa, a jOJII yBCK llOCTOjH. aa Cam\HHHjH Ii Kqp3Hl\U (Cole ILJf>7).
4 Ha 6aJTKaHy jc y'I'llpI)CHO llpHCyCTHO rO'WHO CBI1X rrporcntrropa neryxnnra 11 )I(11'1'apl1l\a OCI1M
Tr.dicoccum TC XHOPHi\I1I1Xnpcra na oa311H,C(Barker ILJXLJ: 252-253: Tonopona - Bajcou ILJLJ3: 147). Y
nchunc <I>paHKTI1 (Tp-nca) nponahcnjc I\HllJT,11 jC'IaM xao 11 y nChUHI1
Y30 ua CI1I\lfJlI1.jl1 (Barker 1YXLJ: 252: Hansen - Renfrew 1Y7X) I\OK jc xtannnyrrartnja
yruphcua y nporotrconnry 'Bcpnana (Careiumaru 1973, 197X).
106
B. JIcKol3lrh 13aJIKaH, AHagOJIHja, 13JIHCKHHCTOK
)],cl cy OOC napnjatrrc KOHTaKTa TCCaJIH.iC, KaKO ca AHagOJIHjoM TaKO H ca
bJIHCK11M 11CTOKCHv! y BPCl\lC npCKCpaMWIKOr HCOJIHTa 13, 6HJIC TCXH11'1K11 113BOgHBC
noxasyjc paaaujcna npCKOMOpCKa TprOB11Ha (THTOB 1969: 101). IIpoT11B npse
aapnjarrre 611 MO)J(ga rOBOpHJIO OTCyCTBO rJIa'IaH11X CCK11pa y
-npexcpaxmxysry TCCaJIH.ic. a 'II1ja jc npncyruocr ocseno-rena y axcpaxm-rxoxr
Xa'II1JIapy. Y npHJIOr lwyrc aapnjanre HgC cneunrpn-ma cP0pMa rrocyne T3B. "white
ware". H3p(1)cHc on xpcsnsauxc xrace TIUIWIHC aa pa3J311jcH11 11 KaCHH npexepaxrn-ncn
HCOJIHT E ccncpuor JIcBaHTa (CJI. 52). TaKBc ann cana KcpaMWIKC nocyue, WTO HC
rtpcncrann.a H11KaKaB np06JICM H11 y XpOHOJIOWKOM C1v1I1CJIY, nponahene cy WI
HCKOJI11KO paHOHCOJIHTCK11X JIOKaJI11TCTa y TCCaJIHjH: CcpB11a - IIpoTOCCCKJIO,
XOpH30HT V (en. 53), OqaKH - TIpOTOCCCKJIO (CJI. 54), AX11JICjOH - paH11 HCOJIWr Ib
(CJI. 55) H jcuua H3Bc):(cna opMa nponabena y CpCgI-bCHCOJI11TCKOM cnojy Ou,aK11.
TCIlIKO .ic OgOJICTYI nOM11CJII1 na HaKOJI11KO rpparxreuara KcpaM11Kc (na mI?)
rrpOWd)CH11X y npCKCpaMl1'IK11M XOP1130HT11Ma y TCCaJI11.i11.
IIpCMa AHanOJIHj11. na KyJITypHo-11CTOpHjcKOM nnany, naj-reurhe ce
YCIIOCTClBJba ca KyJITypoM Xaurnapa 11 TO paHOXaJIKOJI11TCK11M KyJITypH11M
aIICaMOJIOt\I (Garasanin M. 1979). 36m ror-a OB):(C 113g13a.iaMo nna rppar-aerrra ny6Jb11X
3):(cna H3 HCOJIHTCK11X crrojena ca 11CTor JIOKaJIHTCTa 11 TO: cpparMCHT 3):(CJIC na CJI. 50
113 Xa.'IHJIapa IX H YJIOMClK IWOJI,C 3nCJIC aa CJI. 46 113 cnoja VI. Ha CTap11.iCM
cpparMcHTy OCJII1KaHI1 cy 60.iOM rrYH11 KpyrOB11 na KpCM OCHOBH. Y
rOT0130 11CTOBCTHOM l\Iar-II1PY OCJI11KaHa je CJIWIHa 3gCJIa rrponabeaa na JIOKaJII1TCTY
CCCKJIO y Tccannjn y OKB11PY TIpOTOCCCKJIO a3C (CJI. 49). Tlocnenn,a HMa
OpagaBWIaCTc IWIIIKC !10K cy na xa'II1JIapCKOM npl1MCpKY rrp11CYTHC TyHCJIaCTC.
Xcl'II1JIapCKa :mCJIa nocenyje MOTI1J3 TcFIKC 113MCl)y rryno CJII1KaH11X xpyrosa. TaKaB
Ha'II1H CJI11Kalba npnxiehen je KOg Xacyne "crannapnno CJII1KaHC" KCpaM11KC (CJI. 51).
3a Ha'IHH yxparnanan.a l'vIJIal)c xa'II1JIapCKC 3gCJIC (CJI. 46) g11pCKTHC aaarrornje ce
xrory HahH y Amaricrony I (CJI. 44) H na HaJIa3HwTY fpanHH11JIc-I13JIa3 (CII. 45) Y
OKB11py KOMrIJICKca.
11 npl:InPEMA nVlTAl-bA
Ca paanojcu KJIaCWIHOr xepaxra-rkor HCOJIHTa, 3CMJbaHC rrocyne no 6pOjHHM
BpCTaMa H T11rIOBHMa, TCXHWIKO-TCXHOJIOWKHM KapaKTcpHCTHKaMa, Ha'II1Hy otipane
rrOBpW11HC. na-nury H Cj)OPMH yxpauranan,a, a rrororony 360r CBOjC 6pOjHOCTH 11
kparxohc rpajan.a rrpcncraan.ajy H3Y3CTaH rrpcgMcT HCTpmKI1Bafha. HaKO cc HC
MO.IKC 3aOOpaBHTl1 yn03opCH)C na xepasrnxa npencranrsa jenny OIIWTy KaTCrOp11jy
'ICCTO HCI10rO[J:HY 3a KOMnapaTHBHO HCTOp11.iCKO rrOBC3HBaThC, OCHMy rIOCe6HHM
107
[naCHI1K CAD: 11 CKynoBI1 cexunja Ilpyurrna
Kapra 1. - PacrrpOCTpaIbCHOCT KcpaMIIKC: 1/ naJIKaH - AH3a, T, Banynyj, Crap-reuo;
21 I'p-nca - ITpoTo-CeCKJIO, CeCKJIO; 31 J3 AHap;OJIIIja - KII3IIJIKaja, Xa'IIIJlap;
41 C11 MCp;IlTCpaH - JapMyKIIeH, P. Illasrpa, MepcIIH;
51 C. Meconoraanja - nporo II pana Xacyaa; 61 11paH JaHIIKTerre, X. <Pnpy3, CnjaJIK;
7I Tpancxacnnj - UeIITyH
Map I. - Pottery distribution: II Balkans - Anza, G. Baciului, Starcevo;
21 Greece - Proto Sesclo, Sesclo; 31 SW Anatolia - Kizilkaya, Hacilar;
41 NE Mediterranean - Yarmukian, R. Shamra, Mersin; 51 N. Mesopotamy - Proto/Early Hassuna;
6/ Iran - Yanuktepe, H. Firuz, Siyalk; 7/ Transkaspia - Jeitun
caryauajasra xana npenaer/nocyna rrocenyje HCKC enCMCHTC neqiynxuaoaanaocra
(Trigger 1968). HMajylm CBC y BIfP;y, If3Bpn1l10 caM 11360p 'rpn BpCTC
KapaKTepl1CTWIHIfX Cnl1KaHIfX MOTIfBa na xepaxnnm nponahenoj na orpOMHOM
npocrpancray on Banxaaa rOTOBO P;O qCHTpanHC A311jc - .rpaacxacnajcxe HI13UjC,
arm TaKO na CC CBe 'rpn BpCTC CyCpCTHy Y jacno p;eqmHIfcaHOM xyrrrypnota II
xpouorrornxosr MIfJbey. Ha raj cy Ha
1Il1H
xaprupan.ext If3.n;BOjCHC rpyrrc npnxaaane na
KapTI1 y TCKCTy. 06pal)eHI1 MOTI1BIf, xao 11 Ha
11IIH
113Bol)CTha I1CTI1X HIfCY HI1KaKO
npnnancrnja xyrrrypa 113P;BOjCHI1X na HaBc.n;CHI1 Ha'lI1H. HanpOTIfB, nocroje npncyrnn
y canpxcajy nOKanl1TCTa na CBI1M npOCTopIfMa, ann HIIKa.n;a y KOM611HaqIfjl1 CBa TpI1.
OBP;C ce raxohe HC TBp.n;If na cy TO jenana Ha'II1HIf yxpauranan,a rrocyua y OBaKo
xyrrrypnnn MI1JbCI1Ma. I1Ma If X cnjacer npyrnx, ana TO cy
KapaKTcpIfCTIfKC sna-rajae aa ynopchasaa,a na "nOKanHOM" nnany. Hnax, 'lI1HI1 MH
CC p;a cy If TO cnCMCHTI1 KOjl1 yxasyjy na 06C36cl)I1BaThC KOHTI1HyHTcTa .reparopuja.
Ila ce OB.n;C HC 6IfCMO HcrrOTpc6HO aaxrapana naopajaa.en nojemmananx
epparMCHaTa, ThI1XOBOr nopexna 11 xpononornje, 06311pOM na jc rrpHnO)KCH cnncax
lOS
B. TIeKOJ3l1ft Banxan, Ananonuja. Enl1CKI1I1CTOK
nnycrpaunjn ca pCnCBaHTHHl\l p,OBOJbHO je CaMO HarnaCHTH BpeMeHCKH
pacrron y xojexr ce TIojeP;HHI1 HcWa311 xpehy. Y III1TaI-bY je pa3Bl1jcHI1 KcpaMWIKI1
HCOnI1'r: a rpajy 11 ca IIpBOM nojnnosr OnI1CKOI1CTO'IHor paHor XanKOn11Ta, UlTO CC
rpyiio 13pCMCHCKH aa IICpHOP; HCillTO npen xpaj VII Ml1neH11jyMa no rrpe
aanprnc'rxn IIpBC UOJIOB11Ha VI I\lHJICH11jYMa. Hajcrapnja rrojasa ocaenoneaa je y
Tlporoxncvaa xy.rrrvpnoj rpyIIl1 cenepne MeCOTIOTal\mje (6p. ::; na KapTH), a KaKO ce
11p;e y 11CTO'IHOM I1JIH 3aUdp,HOM CMCpy spexre rrpsc rrojase IlOCTcrreHO KaCH11 11 611na
3aTe'IeH(1 TIO'lCTKOM Vl I\lHneHHjYl\l(l K(1KO H(1 Eanxany (6p. 1 na KapT11) TaKO 11 y
KyJITyp11 UeIITyII y TpaIICIG1CIl11jl1 (fip. 7 na KapTH). HarrOM11H,eM jour na oso H11CY 11
jCp,11H11 cnCMCHT11 KOjH cc xrory UUBC3I1BaT11 na OJ3aKO orpoxmcsr npocropy.
nUT/I!b!:'
Ila nu V paseujenos: nacuunou tcepauu-acou neonuiiiy U aopeo iueuoenuuje
sa tbutccupan: uepaeuaie uapuuucy.napusauuie, aocaioie uexanueuu sa
ocuieapuean.e tuupotce neuese oouoca ua 6eJlllK1LW 17POCLTIopllMa. Ila nu
uocuioju jeDHL'{ uutpotca sajeonu-uca OCH06a na IlOeOJlOUlKOoW, couujannou,
eKmUMlC1UMI, otuutnc KVJlLUypHOoW iuuuty?
Hecnopna je onpannanocr ynobea.a 6anKaHcKo-aHap;OJICKOr xynrypnor
KOMIlJICKCa y apXeOJIOillKy .reopnjy 11 npaxcy, Mel)YT11M neaanoaorsaaajyha crerren
11CTpa)KeHOCT11 aaxrarn.yje 11 HajJ3epOBaTH11jy 11CT11HY. OP;HOC11 11 sese Banxana 11
bJI11CKOr 11CTOKa, najueponarnaje Map11T11MHI1M rryrexi, nsrnena na cy 611ne nenrro
ja-re, aJIH cy HCp,OBOJbHO ncrpaxcene. Oane ce He rOBOp11 0 npI1MapHI1M,
cexynnapnma Osne ce He ronopn 0 npsencray jep je ornure
n03HaTa na ce neurro MO)l(e 113yMeT11 MHoro rryra. Onne ce uposnnnn,a,
ycnen HeMoryftHOCTH p;a CC carnena MexaHH3aM H npnpona
HHTepKyJITypHI1X pcnaunja na illHpOKOM "MOH;n:I1jaJIHCTWIKOM" nnany, nyr 'rparan.a
y nojaum.anan.y onnoca JM Enpone H J3 A3Hje. Op;HOCY Y311MaI-ba H nasan,a KOj11
mncana HHje 6HOjennocxrcpan'
YLI,K: 903.23(497)
Cxpaheuuue:
ABSA
BASOR
God.CBI
GSAD
YIAVI
JFA
MMSUM
NM
NS
PAPhS
PJZ
PNCRE
SCI V
WA
WMBH
ZNM
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Bulletin of American School for Oriental Research.
Godisnjak Centra za Balkanska ispitivanja ANUBIH.
Glasnik Srpskog Arhcoloskog Drustva.
V1:mccTIIM na ApxcoJ10nl'[CCKI1M YIHCTI1TyT, Corpas.
Journal of Field Archaeology.
Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology Univcsity of Michigan.
Neolithic of Macedonia
The Neolithic of Serbia - Archaeological Research 194X-19XX.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society.
Praistorija jugoslavcnskih zemalja.
Problcmcs de la Neolithisation dans certaines regioncs de l'Europc, Krakow.
Studii si ccrcctari de lstoric vcchc.
World Archaeology.
Wisscnschaftliehcn Mitteilungen aus Bosnia und Herzegovina, Sarajevo.
Zbomik Narodnog Muzeja.
109
rnaCHI1K CA).l, 11
EilEJIil0 rrA<I> ilJA
CKyrrOBI1 cexunja 'uPYIllTBa
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B. JleKoBl1h EaJIKaH, AHaAOJ1I1ja, EJII1CKI1I1CTOK
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111
rJIaCHI1K CAD: 11
Crmcax nnycrpanaja:
1. Aprnca: THTOB 1l.)()1), pHc.4f>,3
2. Apraca: THTOB 1l.)()1), pHC.4f>,4
3. Aprnca: THTlHl 1l.)()1), pHc.46,1)
4. Aprnca: TWl'OB 1l.)()1), pHc.4f>,7
5. Ccpnna: Wijnen 1979, fig.3,11
6. KH3HJlKaja: THTOB11)61), Ta6JIHlia 16/11,1
7. YM ,l],a6aUHja: Kirkbride 1972, p.X,4
X. LIaTaJl XHjHK: THTOB 19(1), Ta6JlHI\a IX/I,3
9. Xa'IHJIap: Mcllaart 1970, p.LlX,3 i fig.49,15
10. Aprnca: THTOB1l.)()1), pHc.46,1O
II. CCCKJlO: TWI'OB 1l.)()1), pHc.46,X
12. l-l.l-laxoucneja: THTOBIl)6lJ, pl1c.73,6
13. H.HI1KoMC/lcja: TI1TOIl 11)61), pl1c.73,2
14. Ansaficrouo: Mock 1976, fig.4X,5
15. AXI1JlcjoH: Gimbutas 1974, fig.17
16. rpaliHHHJlC-y!3JIa3: Nica 19X7, tig.I,X
17. UCWl'yH: Mcllaart 1975, tig.134e
IX. YM ,l],aoaI.lHja: Kirkbride 1972, p.X,1
19. YM ,l],a6auuja: Kirkbride 1972, p.X,3
20. ,l],aoauuja: Mcllaart 1975, fig.XO, 3 Pc/I
0II03ro 3 ca ncna
21. ,l],aoaI.mja: Kirkbride 1972, p.X, 10
22. MyHXaTa: Mellaart 1975, fig. 154, 2 pCII 1 ca
JlCBa
23. Xacyua: Brcntjcs 19f>X, 103,3 Pc/I 01103ro 2 ca
IlcCHa
24. Cnjanx: Brcntjes I9fJX, III, 1 PCII 4 ca nena
25. UCWl'yH: Mcllaart 1975, tig.134b
26. Jljaaoxnann: Hcurtlcy 1939, fig.117g
27. BI1HKOBIIH: Dirnitrijcvic 1979, p.XLl, I
112
CKyrrOBI1 D:pYIliTBa
2X. AH3aGcroBo: Mock 1976, tig.5X,2
29. Ansaoerono: Mock 1976, tig.5X,3
30. Anaarieroao: Mock 1976, tig.57,2
3 I. Ansaticrouo: Gimbutas 1976, fig.24,5
32. CCp13Ha: Hcurtley 1939, fig.14f
33. XaUH <1>I1PY3: Voigt 19X3, fig.9Xg
34. XaI,IH <!>I1PY3: Voigt 19X3, p.24, I
35. XaI,IH <!>HPY3: Voigt 191\3, fig.9Xh
36. XaI,IH <!>HPY3: Voigt 19X3, fig.9Xf
37. JIarHTyH,cBO: Gaul 194X, p.XI,4
3X. I'panau: I'aucna 11)56-57, CJl.57
39. Marapcha MJlHH: Lckovic, 19XX,
nennycrponaao
40. Fpaummnc-Hanaa: Nica 19X7, fig.16
41. Ccpnaa: Hcurtley 1939, fig.14f
42. Kp'la-JIa Xanypn: Nica 1976, fig. I,3
43. Ansaricrono: Gimbutas 1976, fig.25
44. Ausaricrouo: Garasanin 1979a, T.XIII,2
45. fpaI\HIIHJIC-113Jla3: Niea 1992, fig. I ,5
46. Xa-mrrap: Mcllaart 1970, tig.59, 10
47. CnjaJIK: Brentjcs 196X, 111,1 pel I I ca JlCBa
4X. Ilon.a EpaH>cBHHa: Karmanski 1975, T.V,I
49. CCCKJlO: Thcocharis 1973, p.IV,7
50. Xa1IHJlap: Mellaart 1970, p.XLV1,1
51. Xacyna: Redman 197X, fig.6-6
52. JIa6l3c: Mcllaart 1975, tig.2Xa
53. Ccpnna: Wijnen 1979, tig.3,lO
54. OIiaKH: Titov 1969, ris.46,9
55. AXHJlcjoH: Gimbutas 1974, fig.16
Sf>. OqaKH: TWI'OB 1l.)()1), pl1c.54,4
B. neKOBliTI EaJIKaH, AHap;OJII1ja, bJII1CKli I1CTOK
rn
5
7
o
18
CJI. 1 - 18. Fig. 1 - 18.
113
lJIaCIIIIK CA,Q 11 CKyrroBII ccxunja ,QPYlIlTB,1
~
~ \
(4Ii
Z1
~ I
tfl
31
~ 3 5
II ~ 36
37
e
381
594:; ~ o _
' 42 i3DIIIII
en. 19 - 43. Fig. 19 - 43.
114
B. JIeKOBHTI EaJIKaH, EmICKH HCTOK
I
I
I
I
\
\
\
49

50
52
54
53
55
55
CJI. 44 - 56. Fig. 44 - 56.
115
lJIaCIUIK CA,Il, 11 CKyrroBII cexnnja Ilpyurnsa
BALCAN, ANATOLlA, NEAR EAST
Neolithic Transformation - Some Enquires
Author's orientation is to raise some questions tied with the topic in the title from
the SE European archaeological point of view. Several critical comments on the, up to data,
research methodology, investigation strategy, as well as scientific theorethical elucidation
on the Neolithic of Balcans are disclosed. The author also presents current scientific
theories and hypothesis on the phenomenon of "Neolithic Revolution" regarding the
archaeology of SW Asia. A short review of the relationship between SW Asia and SF
Europe, on the genesis of Neolithic, with accentuated inquiers about the biogeography of
progenitors of domesticates, generate questions:
- What the interpretation of different breeding strategies of Balcano-Carpatian cultural
complex (cattle, pig) and Balcano-Anatolian one (caprovides) might be?
How can one explaine the presence of hornless sheep within the Anzabegovo cultural
group, as well as Baleano-Carpato-Pannonian cultural complex but for Early Neolithic
Greece?
Regarding the developed pottery Neolithic the author offers a brief comparative
analysis of the three groups of painted earthenware, widely distributed from Balcans to
Transcaspia (fig. 1-43,47,48), resulting in isolation of 7 cultural entities (text chart). This
generate the question:
- Within the developed-classical pottery Neolithic, aside the current tendencies for fixing
the particularities, is it possible to recognize some mechanisms for establishing a wide
fan of relationships through a Grand territory?
The goal of author's questioning is to trace for enlightening relations between SE
Europe and SW Asia, that was never oneway direction.
Translated by the author
116