3URLHFW GH VWDWLVWLF

3HQWUX XQ HDQWLRQ GH  GH PXQFLWRUL VHOHFWDW vQWkPSO WRU L UHSHWDW QHUHSHWDW GLQ FHL

400 de muncitori ai unui agent economic cu profil industrial s-au nregistrat datele privind vechimea
vQ PXQF
DQL L SURGXF LD EXF L vQ luna aprilie 2001 (vezi tabelul 1.).
Tabelul 1.
Cod muncitor
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

9HFKLPH vQ PXQF

DQL

3URGXF LH EXF

1
6
24
23
24
19
12
15
18
19
32
34
20
22
30
16
2
24
22
22
16
37
13
24
27
29
14
18
28
10
16
19
18
20
29
19
26
22
8
4
2

2
48
72
62
57
68
52
53
55
58
67
76
61
57
67
59
51
65
59
57
48
78
45
67
66
79
57
58
66
41
56
63
56
51
70
62
65
55
53
54
41

n vederea desprLQGHULL XQRU FRQFOX]LL SULYLQG HDQWLRQXO VH FHUH

1. V VH VLVWHPDWL]H]H GDWHOH vQUHJLVWUDWH OD SXQFWXO SUHFHGHQW DVWIHO
1.1. V VH JUXSH]H PXQFLWRULL GXS YDULD LD ILHF UHL FDUDFWHULVWLFL

YDULDELOH SH DVH

LQWHUYDOH HJDOH IRORVLQG PHWRGD JUXS ULORU VLPSOH

1.2.

VH FHQWUDOL]H]H YDORULOH SH JUXSHOH RE LQXWH L V

VH SUH]LQWH UH]XOWDWHOH VXE IRUPD

VHULLORU GH GLVWULEX LH UHSDUWL LH XQLGLPHQVLRQDOH

1.3.
1.4.

V
V

VH UHSUH]LQWH JUDILF VHULLOH GH GLVWULEX LH SUH]HQWDWH OD SXQFWXO 

VH UHJUXSH]H GDWHOH SH WUHL LQWHUYDOH GH YDULD LH QHHJDOH L V

YDORULOH SH QRLOH JUXSH V

1.5.

VH FHQWUDOL]H]H

VH UHSUH]LQWH JUDILF GLVWULEX LLOH RE LQXWH

VH VLVWHPDWL]H]H YDORULOH LQGLYLGXDOH IRORVLQG PHWRGD JUXS ULL FRPELQDWH L V

UHSUH]LQWH JUDILF GLVWULEX LD ELGLPHQVLRQDO

UH]XOWDW 

VH

2.

VH FDOFXOH]H WRDWH P ULPLOH UHODWLYH SRVLELOH SH ED]D GLVWULEX LLORU SH LQWHUYDOH QHHJDOH

L V

3.

VH UHSUH]LQWH JUDILF SULQ GLDJUDPH DGHFYDWH

VH FDOFXOH]H LQGLFDWRULL WHQGLQ HL FHQWUDOH LQGLFDWRULL YDULD LHL L DL DVLPHWULHL SHQWUX

variabilele nregistrate;
4.
5.

VH YHULILFH UHJXOD GH DGXQDUH D GLVSHUVLLORU SHQWUX GLVWULEX LD ELGLPHQVLRQDO 

VH H[WLQG

GDF

6.

UH]XOWDWHOH RE LQXWH DVXSUD vQWUHJLL FROHFWLYLW

SUREDELOLWDWHD FX FDUH VH JDUDQWHD]

UH]XOWDWHOH HVWH 3

L SHQWUX YDULDELOD SURGXF LH

 ]

= 3);

VH DSOLFH PHWRGD UHJUHVLHL L FRUHOD LHL SHQWUX GDWHOH GLQ HDQWLRQ DVWIHO

6.1. pe baza datelor negrupate pentru primii 10 muncitori;

6.2. pe baza datelor grupate combinat de la punctul 1.5..
Rezolvare
1. Sistematizarea datelor nregistrate
1.1. Gruparea pe inteUYDOH GH YDULD LH HJDOH
3HQWUX

JUXSDUHD

XQHL

YDULDELOH

FDQWLWDWLYH

SH

LQWHUYDOH

GH

YDULD LH

HJDOH

HVWH

QHFHVDU

SDUFXUJHUHD XUP WRDUHORU HWDSH

FDOFXOXO DPSOLWXGLQLL DEVROXWH D YDULD LHL 

Aa);

GHWHUPLQDUHD P ULPLL LQWHUYDOXOXL GH YDULD LH 

GDF

h=
GDF

h, l, d);

QXP UXO GH JUXSH HVWH VWDELOLW DSULRUL

Aa
, unde k UHSUH]LQW
k

QXP UXO GH JUXSH 

k = 6)

QXP UXO JUXSHORU QX HVWH FXQRVFXW P ULPHD LQWHUYDOXOXL VH VWDELOHWH SH ED]D

UHOD LHL OXL +$ 6WXUJHV

Aa
1 + 3,322 lg n
stabilirea celor k LQWHUYDOH GH YDULD LH
h=

GLVWULEXLUHD UHSDUWL]DUHD YDORULORU FDUDFWHULVWLFLL SH JUXSHOH VWDELOLWH vQ HWDSD DQWHULRDU 

*UXSDUHD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

YDULDELOD YHFKLPH ;

$PSOLWXGLQHD DEVROXW 

Aa = xmax xmin = 37 2 = 35 ani

1XP UXO GH JUXSH HVWH G

at: k = 6

0 ULPHD LQWHUYDOXOXL

Aa 35
=
= 5,83  DQL UH]XOWDWXO VH URWXQMHWH vQ SOXV VDX
k
6
Aa
35
h=
=
= 5,536 6 ani
1 + 3,322 log n 6,322
h=

3HQWUX VWDELOLUHD LQWHUYDOHORU GH YDULD LH VH SOHDF

YDORDUHD PLQLP
OLPLWD LQIHULRDU

D FDUDFWHULVWLFL L VH DGDXJ
HVWH HJDO

28
8 14
14 20
20 26
26 32
 L SHVWH

FX

xmin.

////
////
/////
/////
/////
///

/////
/////
/

GH OD R YDORDUH HJDO

VDX PDL PLF

GHFkW

VXFFHVLY P ULPHD LQWHUYDOXOXL FDOFXODW Q FD]XO QRVWUX

//
/

Pentru centralizarea

YDORULORU

FDUDFWHULVWLFLORU

DGLWLYH

VH

vQWRFPHWH

FkWH

XQ

WDEHO

SHQWUX

ILHFDUH JUXS 

Grupa I (2 8)

Grupa a II-a (8 14)

Tabelul 2.

Nr.
crt.
1
2
3
4
Total

Vechime
(ani)
6
2
4
2
14

Tabelul 3.

3URGXF LH

Nr.
crt.
1
2
3
4
Total

(buc)
48
51
54
41
194

Grupa a III-a (14 20)

Tabelul 4.
Nr.
Vechime
3URGXF LH
crt.
(ani)
(buc)
1
19
68
2
15
53
3
18
55
4
19
58
5
16
59
6
16
48
7
14
57
8
18
58
9
16
56
10
19
63
11
18
56
12
19
62
Total
207
693

Nr.
crt.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total

*UXSDUHD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

Total

YDULDELOD SURGXF LHL <

///
/////
/////

247

663

Tabelul 7.
Nr.
crt.
1
2
3
Total

,QWHUYDOHOH GH YDULD LH VXQW

///
/////
/////
/////
//
///

(buc)
52
45
41
53
191

Grupa a VI-a (32 38)

Aa = ymax ymin = 79 4  EXF

k=6
A
38
h= a =
= 6,33  EXF L
k
6

41 48
48 55
55 62
62 69
69 76
76 83

3URGXF LH

Grupa a IV-a (20 26)

Tabelul 5.
Vechime
3URGXF LH
(ani)
(buc)
24
72
23
62
24
57
20
61
22
57
24
65
22
59
22
57
24
67
20
51
22
55

Nr.
crt.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Grupa a V-a (26 32)

Tabelul 6.
Vechime
3URGXF LH
(buc)
(ani)
30
67
27
66
29
79
28
66
29
70
16
65
169
413

Vechime
(ani)
12
13
10
8
43

///
/

Vechime
(ani)
32
34
37
103

3URGXF LH

(buc)
67
76
78
221

1.2. 5HSDUWL LLOH PXQFLWRULORU GXS YHFKLPH

grupe VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ WDEHOH  L 
5HSDUWL LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

Grupe de muncitori
GXS

1XP

1
4
4
12
11
6
3
40

 *UXSDUH FX YDULD LH FRQWLQX  OLPLWD LQIHULRDU

Grupe de muncitori
GXS

i valorile centralizate pe

vQ LQWHUYDO

L FHQWUDOL]DUHD SH JUXSH D YDORULORU YDULDELOHORU

Tabelul 9.
Valori centralizate pentru:
Vechime
3URGXF LH EXF
2
3
25
127
83
410
251
745
271
718
53
142
100
233
783
2375

U PXQFLWRUL

SURGXF LH EXF

0
41 - 48
48 55
55 62
62 69
69 76
76 83
Total
1RW

ILLQG LQFOXV

SURGXF LD UHDOL]DW

1XP

Tabelul 8.
Valori centralizate pentru:
Vechime (ani)
3URGXF LH EXF
2
3
14
194
43
191
207
693
247
663
169
413
103
221
783
2375

YHFKLPH DQL

5HSDUWL LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

SURGXF LH

YHFKLPH L FHQWUDOL]DUHD SH JUXSH D YDORULORU YDULDELOHORU

U PXQFLWRUL

0
2-8
8 14
14 20
20 26
26 32
32 38
Total
1RW

L GXS

1
3
8
13
11
2
3
40

 *UXSDUH FX YDULD LH FRQWLQX  OLPLWD LQIHULRDU

ILLQG LQFOXV

vQ LQWHUYDO

1.3. 5HSUH]HQWDUHD JUDILF D FHORU GRX UHSDUWL LL VH IDFH SULQ

- KLVWRJUDP ILJ .);
- SROLJRQXO IUHFYHQ HORU ILJ 
- FXUED FXPXODWLY D IUHFYHQ HORU ILJ  DFHDVW UHSUH]HQWDUH

JUDILF

SUHVXSXQH

P ULPHD

LQWHUYDOHORU

FDOFXODUHD IUHFYHQ HORU FXPXODWH WDEHOXO 

Histograma

RE LQH

FRQVWUXLQG

O LPHD SURSRU LRQDO

GUHSWXQJKLXUL

FX

ED]HOH HJDOH FX

FX IUHFYHQ HOH VDX QXP UXO GH XQLW

14
12

12

11

10

fL[DWH SH 2[ L vQ
(vezi figura 1):

VH

6
4

2
0
2

14

20

26

32

38

vechime (ani)

)LJXUD  5HSDUWL LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

YHFKLPH

L FH FRUHVSXQG JUXSHORU

14
12
 


10





2
0
2

14

20

26

32

38

vechime (ani)

)LJ  5HSDUWL LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

Curba cumulDWLY

YHFKLPH

D IUHFYHQ HORU

Tabelul 10.
1XP

Grupe de muncitori
YHFKLPH DQL

)UHFYHQ H FXPXODWH
&UHVF

1
4
4
12
11
6
3
40

U PXQFLWRUL

0
2-8
8 14
14 20
20 26
26 32
32 38
Total

QXP

GXS

U PXQFLWRUL

WRU

'HVFUHVF

3
40
36
32
20
9
3
-

4
8
20
31
37
40
-

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2

14
20
vechime (ani)

)LJ  5HSDUWL LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

26

YHFKLPH

32

38

WRU

3HQWUX YDULDELOD SURGXF LH UHSUH]HQW ULOH JUDILFH DOH VHULHL GH UHSDUWL LH VXQW

14

13

12

11

10

A7 @ 9

48

54
76

56
4

3
2

2
0
41

48

55

62

69

76

83

3 2$$0 )' & $$" 

1% # (
% # ! 
)LJ  5HSDUWL LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

SURGXF LH

14
12
e

10
8
6
4

gc f e
`d

ab
a`
cb

2
0
34

41

48

55

62

69

76

83

90

Y "PDWUS R DPHFDB
X Q I VT
Q I G E C
)LJ  5HSDUWL LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

SURGXF LH

Tabelul 11.
Grupe de muncitori
GXS

SURGXF LH EXF

0
41 - 48
48 55
55 62
62 69
69 76
76 83
Total

1XP

U PXQFLWRUL

1
3
8
13
11
2
3
40

)UHFYHQ H FXPXODWH
&UHVF

WRU

2
3
11
24
35
37
40
-

'HVFUHVF

3
40
37
29
16
5
3
-

WRU

45
40
35
30

25

20

15
10

5
0
34

41

48

55

62

69

76

83

90

2y xv u "q$h
t s w
t s r p i
)LJ  5HSDUWL LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

SURGXF LH

1.4. Gruparea muncitorilor pe intervale neegale

Un criteriu de repartizare pe grupe neegale l constituie nivelul mediu al variabilei:
- vechimea medie pe muncitori;
- produc LD PHGLH SH PXQFLWRU
9RU IL WUHL JUXSH FDOLWDWLYH GH WLSXO PLF PLMORFLX L PDUH
Q JUXSD D GRXD VXQW FXSULQVH JUXSD LQWHUYDOXO FDUH FRQ LQH QLYHOXO PHGLX DO YDULDELOHL
L LQWHUYDOHOH vQYHFLQDWH FX DFHDVWD
Q

SULPD

XOWLPD

JUXS

VXQW

FXSULQVH

LQW

ervalele care preced sau succed cele trei

intervale care compun grupa a doua.

5HSDUWL LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS
6H FDOFXOHD]

YHFKLPH

YHFKLPHD PHGLH SH XQ PXQFLWRU FD PHGLH DULWPHWLF

VLPSO 

x=

xi
i =1

783
= 19,575 ani/muncitor
40

5HSDUWL LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

YHFKLPH SH FHOH  LQWHUYDOH QHHJDOH L YDORULOH FHQWUDOL]DWH VXQW

nscrise n tabelul 11..

Grupe de muncitori
GXS

YHFKLPH DQL

0
2-8
8 14
26 38
Total

5HSUH]HQWDUHD JUDILF

1XP

U PXQFLWRUL

(ni)
1
4
27
9
40

Tabelul 11.
Valori centralizate pentru:
3URGXF LH EXF
Vechime (ani)
2
3
14
194
497
1547
272
634
783
2375

D UHSDUWL LLORU SH LQWHUYDOH QHHJDOH VH SRDWH IDFH SULQ KLVWRJUDP 

SROLJRQXO IUHFYHQ HORU L FXUED FXPXODWLY

D IUHFYHQ HORU

Pentru construirea histogramei este necesar calculul

WDEHOXO  L ILJXUD 

SUHDODELO DO IUHFYHQ HORU UHGXVH YH]L

Tabelul 12.
U PXQFLWRUL

1XP

Grupe de

(ni)

PXQFLWRUL GXS

)UHFYHQ H UHGXVH

D IUHFYHQ HORU

3
1
3
2
-

1
4
27
9
40

ki =

6
18
12
-

H
U PXQFLWRUL

Coeficient de reducere

intervalului
(hi)

vechime (ani)
0
2-8
8 26
26 38
Total

ULPHD

nri =

hi
h1 )

ni
ki

4
4:1=4
29:3=9
9:2=4,5

27

QXP

26

38

vechime (ani)

)LJ  'LVWULEX LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

5HSDUWL LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

YHFKLPH DQL

SURGXF LH

y=

yi
i =1

2375
= 59,375 buc./muncitor
40

n
RepartL LD SH LQWHUYDOH QHHJDOH L YDORULOH FHQWUDOL]DWH VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ WDEHOXO 
1XP

Grupe de muncitori
GXS

(ni)
1
3
32
5
40

YHFKLPH DQL

0
41 - 48
48 69
69 83
Total
&DOFXOXO

Tabelul 13.
Valori centralizate pentru:
3URGXF LH EXF
Vechime (ani)
2
3
25
127
605
1873
153
375
783
2375

U PXQFLWRUL

IUHFYHQ HORU

UHGXVH

HVWH

SUH]HQWDW

vQ

WDEHOXO



LDU

KLVWRJUDPD

SROLJRQXO

IUHFYHQ HORU vQ ILJXUD 

Tabelul 14.
Grupe de
PXQFLWRUL GXS

1XP

U PXQFLWRUL

(ni)

vechime (ani)
0
41 - 48
48 69
69 63
Total

1
3
32
5
40

ULPHD

Coeficient de reducere

intervalului
(hi)

D IUHFYHQ HORU

2
7
21
14
-

3
1
3
2
-

ki =

hi
h1

)UHFYHQ H UHGXVH

nri =

ni
ki

4
3
10,66
2,5
-

12

32

QXP

U PXQFLWRUL

10
8
6
3

2
0
34

41

48

55

62

69

76

83

90

97

SURGXF LH EXF
)LJ 

5HSDUWL LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

1.5. *UXSDUHD FRPELQDW D PXQFLWRULORU GXS

n tabelul 15. WDEHO FX GXEO LQWUDUH
5HSDUWL LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

Grupe de muncitori
GXS

YHFKLPH

41 - 48
1
1
2
3

0
2-8
8-14
14-20
20-26
36-32
32-38
Total ( n.j)
1RW

 /LPLWD LQIHULRDU

LQFOXV

5HSUH]HQWDUHD JUDILF

SURGXF LH

SURGXF LH HVWH SUH]HQWDW

YHFKLPH L GXS

YHFKLPH DQL L GXS

SURGXF LH EXF

Subgrupe de mXQFLWRUL GXS SURGXF LH \j)

48 - 55
55 - 62
62 - 69
69 - 76
2
3
4
5
3
2
2
7
3
1
6
3
1
4
1
1
8
13
11
2
vQ LQWHUYDO

D UHSDUWL LLORU ELGLPHQVLRQDOH VH UHDOL]HD]

SULQ GLDJUDPD QRUXOXL GH

puncte (corelograma) (vezi figura 9).

83

**

76

69
SURGXF LD EXF

76 - 83
6
1
2
3

Tabelul 15.
Total
(ni.)
7
4
4
12
11
6
3
40

**
*
***
**
**

62

55

**
*
*

48

**
*
**
**
**

*
*
**
**

**
**

41
2

8
14
20
26
vechimea (ani)

)LJ  5HSDUWL LD PXQFLWRULORU GXS

32

YHFKLPH L GXS

38
SURGXF LH

2.

&DOFXOXO P

&DOFXOXO P

ULPLORU GH VWUXFWXU

 GH FRRUGRQDUH L GH LQWHQVLWDWH

ULPLORU UHODWLYH GH VWUXFWXU

SH SRW FDOFXOD P

ULPLOH UHODWLYH GH VWUXFWXU

FD] DX VHQVXO GH IUHFYHQ H UHODWLYH 

VDX JUHXW

ni*

DWkW SH ED]D IUHFYHQ HORU DEVROXWH 

FkW L SH ED]D YDORULORU FHQWUDOL]DWH RE LQkQGX

ni L vQ DFHVW
-se ponderile

LOH VSHFLILFH gi FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH

Se vor utLOL]D UHSDUWL LLOH SH LQWHUYDOH QHHJDOH GLQ WDEOHOH  L 
n
ni*(%) = n i 100 - IUHFYHQ H UHODWLYH
ni

i =1

g i (%) =

xi
n

xi

100 - SRQGHUL VDX JUHXW

L VSHFLILFH

i =1

5H]XOWDWHOH

FDOFXOHORU

SH

ED]D

UHSDUWL LHL

PXQFLWRULORU

GXS

YDORDUHD

SURGXF LHL

VXQW

prezentate n tabelul 16.

Tabelul 16.
Grupe de muncitori
GXS

SURGXF LH EXF

1XP

muncitori
(ni)

0
40-48
48-69
69-83
Total

1
3
32
5
40

5HSUH]HQWDUHD JUDILF

Valori centralizate pentru:

3URGXF LH
Vechime
(ani)
(buc.)
2
25
605
153
783

)UHFYHQ H

relative
(ni*(%))
4
7,5
80,0
12,5
100,0

3
127
1873
375
2375

D P ULPLORU UHODWLYH GH VWUXFWXU

ULPL UHODWLYH GH VWUXFWXUL 

*UHXW

L VSHFLILFH 

Vechime
5
3,2
77,3
19,5
100,0

gi(%))

3URGXF LH

6
5,3
78,9
15,8
100,0

VH IDFH SULQ GLDJUDPH GH VWUXFWXU

GUHSWXQJKL FHUF S WUDW

3H

DFHODL

JUDILF

VH

SRW

UHSUH]HQWD

YDULDELOH

GLIHULWH

DSDU LQkQG

DFHOHLDL

(vezi fig.10.).

100%

5,3%
18,5%

90%

19,5%

grupa a III-a
grupa a II-a
grupa I

80%
70%
60%

78,9%

50%
80%

40%

77,3%

30%
20%
10%

15,8%
3,2%
vechime

gd g f
W"i h q$ePd

Figura 10. Structura mXQFLWRULORU GXS

l g H"$i d j
f k

7,5%

0%

YHFKLPH L SURGXF LH SH JUXSH

FROHFWLYLW

&DOFXOXO P

ULPLORU UHODWLYH GH FRRUGRQDUH

0 ULPLOH UHODWLYH GH FRRUGRQDUH VH FDOFXOHD]

QRW P IUHFYHQ HOH FHORU WUHL JUXSH FX

'DF

FHQWUDOL]DWH DOH FHORU GRX

K 2 /1 =
%D]

n1, n2, n3

FD UDSRUW vQWUH QLYHOXULOH FHORU WUHL JUXSH

L FX

X1, X2, X3 respectiv Y1, Y2, Y3 valorile

YDULDELOH DWXQFL P ULPLOH UHODWLYH GH FRRUGRQDUH VH FDOFXOHD]

DVWIHO

n
X
Y
n2
X
Y
Y
; K 3 / 1 = 3 ; K 2X/ 1 = 2 ; K 3x/ 1 = 3 ; K 2 / 1 = 2 ; K 3y/ 1 = 3
n1
n1
X1
X1
Y1
Y1

GH

FRPSDUD LH

muncitorilor dup

IRVW

OXDW

SULPD

JUXS 

5H]XOWDWHOH

RE LQXWH

SHQWUX

GLVWULEX LD

SURGXF LH VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ WDEHOXO 

Tabelul 17.
*UXSH GH PXQFLWRUL GXS
SURGXF LH EXF

1XP

muncitori
(ni)
1
3
32
5

0
41-48
48-69
69-83

5HSUH]HQWDUHD JUDILF

Valori centralizate pentru:

Vechime
3URGXF LH
(buc.) Yi
(ani) Xi
2
3
25
127
605
1873
153
375

ULPL UHODWLYH GH FRRUGRQDUH SHQWUX

1XP

Vechime

muncitori
4
1
10,66
1,66

5
1
24,2
6,12

D P ULPLORU UHODWLYH GH FRRUGRQDUH VH IDFH SULQ GLDJUDP

3URGXF

ie

6
1
14,74
2,95

e prin coloane

(figura 11.).

yPWDDp
qu x
xPWDwo
pu q
q u
vo srxo
tr
n

m
sr

)LJ  5DSRUWXO GLQWUH QXP UXO GH PXQFLWRUL GLQ FHOH WUHL JUXSH

&DOFXOXO P

ULPLORU UHODWLYH GH LQWHQVLWDWH

0 ULPLOH UHODWLYH GH LQWHQVLWDWH VH RE LQ SULQ UDSRUWDUHD D GRL LQGLFDWRUL LQWHUGHSHQGHQ L

5H]XOWDWXO RE LQXW VLQWHWL]HD]

QLYHOXO PHGLX SHQWUX ILHFDUH YDULDELO

FDQWLWDWLY

OD QLYHOXO ILHF UHL

JUXSH L SH WRWDO 5H]XOWDWHOH RE LQXWH VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ WDEHOXO 

Tabelul 18.
Grupe de muncitori
GXS

SURGXF LH EXF

0
41-48
48-69
69-83
Total

1XP

muncitori
(ni)
1
3
32
5
40

Valori centralizate pentru

Vechime (ani) 3URGXF LH
(Xi)
(buc.) (Yi)
2
25
605
153
783

3
127
1873
375
2375

ULPL UHODWLYH GH LQWHQVLWDWH SHQWUX

Vechime
(ani/muncitor)
(Xi/ni)
4
8,33
18,91
30,60
19,575

3HQWUX YDULDELOD YHFKLPH VH YRU FDOFXOD DFHOHDL P ULPL UHODWLYH

3URGXF LH

(buc./muncitor)
(Yi/ni)
5
42,33
58,53
75,00
59,375

3.

,QGLFDWRULL WHQGLQ HL FHQWUDOH LQGLFDWRULL YDULD LHL L DL DVLPHWULHL

,QGLFDWRULL WHQGLQ HL FHQWUDOH

Calculul mediei aritmetice

3HQWUX YDULDELOD YHFKLPH VH vQWRFPHWH WDEHOXO 

1XP

Grupe de

U GH

vechime (ani)

muncitori
(ni)

Centrul
intervalului
(xi)

xi ni

0
2-8
8-14
14-20
20-26
26-32
32-38
Total

1
4
4
12
11
6
3
40

2
5
11
17
23
29
35
-

3
20
44
204
253
174
105
800

PXQFLWRUL GXS

ni*(%)

n
= i 100
ni
4
10,0
10,0
30,0
27,5
15,0
7,5
100

xi ni*(%)
5
50
110
510
632,5
435
262,5
2000

xi a
h
a=17;h=6
6
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-

Tabelul 19.
xi a
ni
h
7
-8
-4
0
11
12
9
20

Calculul RELQXLW DO PHGLHL DULWPHWLFH

- FX IUHFYHQ H DEVROXWH
k

x=

xi ni
i =1
k

ni

800
= 20 ani/muncitor
40

i =1

unde xi

VXQW FHQWUHOH LQWHUYDOHORU GH JUXSDUH FDOFXODWH FD PHGLH DULWPHWLF

VLPSO

OLPLWHL LQIHULRDUH L VXSHULRDUH D ILHF UHL JUXSH

FX IUHFYHQ H UHODWLYH

xi ni*

2000
= 20 ani / muncitor
100
100
Calculul simplificat al mediei aritmetice:
k
x a
i h ni
20

x = i =1 k
h + a =
6 + 17 = 20 ani / muncitor.
40
ni
x=

i =1

i =1

Calculul modului (M0):

Locul M0 HVWH LQWHUYDOXO FX IUHFYHQ D PD[LP -20).
Valoarea modului:
1
(12 4)
M 0 = x0 + h
= 14 + 6
= 14 + 5,33 = 19,33 ani/muncitor
1 + 2
(12 4) + (12 11)
Calculul medianei (Me)
Locul medianei: LM e =

ni + 1 = 41 = 20,5

0HGLDQD HVWH FXSULQV

vQ SULPXO LQWHUYDO D F UXL IUHFYHQ

locul medianei (vezi tab.11).

Deci intervalul este (20-26).

FXPXODW

HVWH PDL PDUH GHFkW

ni

+1

M e = x0 + h

m 1

ni
i =1

nm
unde m este indexul intervalului median.

= 20 + 6

20 , 5 20
= 20 , 27 ani / muncitor,
11

3HQWUX FDOFXOXO JUDILF DO LQGLFDWRULORU PHGLL GH SR]L LH PHGLDQ

$QDOL]D VHULLORU GH UHSDUWL LH GH IUHFYHQ H

L PRGXO YH]L FDSLWROXO

&DOFXOXO LQGLFDWRULORU VLQWHWLFL DL YDULD LHL

Se vor folosi datele din tabelul 20.

1XP

Grupe de
muncitori

de
muncitori
(ni)

vechime
(ani)
0
2-8
8-14
14-20
20-26
20-32
32-38
Total

Centrul
de
interval
(xi)

xi x

1
4
4
12
11
6
3
40

GXS

2
5
11
17
23
29
35
-

3
-15
-9
-3
3
9
15
-

$EDWHUHD PHGLH OLQLDU

(xi x )

xi x ni

ni

xi a
h
a = 17;
h=6

4
60
36
36
33
54
45
264

5
900
324
108
99
486
675
2592

6
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-

d ):

d =

xi x .ni
i =1

ni

264
= 6,6 ani / muncitor
40

i =1
2

Dispersia ( ):
- FDOFXO RELQXLW
k

( xi x ) 2 ni
2 = i =1
ni
-

2592
= 64,8
40

calcul simplificat:
2

x a
i h ni

i =1
k

2 =

ni
i =1

$EDWHUHD PHGLH S

WUDWLF

h 2 ( x a) 2 =

82
36 (20 17) 2 = 64,8
40

= = 64,8 = 8,498 ani / muncitor.

2

&RHILFLHQWXO GH YDULD LH Y L Y

d
6,6
100 =
100 = 33%
x
20

8,0498
v = 100 =
100 = 40,249%
x
20
v=

SHULD GH UHSDUWL LH QX HVWH RPRJHQ

L PHGLD QX HVWH UHSUH]HQWDWLY

SHQWUX VHULH

Tabelul 20.
2

xi a

ni
h
7
16
4
0
11
24
27
82

Calculul coeficientului de asimetrie

x Mo 20 19,33
Cas =
=
= 0,083 VHULD HVWH XRU DVLPHWULF DVLPHWULH SR]LWLY 

8,0498
Pentru variabila SURGXF LH LQGLFDWRULL WHQGLQ HL FHQWUDOH L YDULD LHL VXQW FDOFXOD L FX DMXWRUXO
GDWHORU GLQ WDEHOHOH  L 

1XP

Grupe de

U GH

SURGXF LH EXF

muncitori
(ni)

Centrul
intervalului
(yi)

y i ni

0
41-48
48-55
55-62
62-69
69-76
76-83
Total

1
3
8
13
11
2
3
40

2
44,5
51,5
58,5
65,5
72,5
79,5
-

3
133,5
412,0
760,5
720,5
145,0
238,5
2410

PXQFLWRUL GXS

ni*(%) =

ni
100
ni

4
7,5
20,0
32,5
27,5
5,0
7,5
100

y i ni*(%)
5
333,75
1030
1901,25
1801,25
362,5
596,25
6025

yi a
h
a = 58,5;
h=7
6
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-

Tabelul 21.
yi a
ni
h

0HGLD DULWPHWLF
&DOFXOXO RELQXLW DO PHGLHL DULWPHWLFH

FX IUHFYHQ H DEVROXWH

y i ni
y = i =1
ni

2410
= 60,25 buc. / muncitor
40

FX IUHFYHQ H UHODWLYH

y=

yi ni*
i =1

100

6025
= 60,25 buc. / muncitor.
100

Calculul simplificat al mediei aritmetice:

k
y a
i h ni
10

y = i =1
h + a =
7 + 58,5 = 60,25 buc. / muncitor
40
ni
Calculul modului (M0):
0RGXO VH DIO

vQ LQWHUYDOXO 

-62).
1
(13 8)
Mo = y 0 + h
= 55 + 7
= 60 buc. / muncitor
1 + 2
(13 8) + (1 11)

Calculul medianei (Me):

L Me = 20 , 5
k

ni
i =1

Me = y 0 + h

+1

m 1

ni
i =1

nm

= 55 + 7

20 , 5 11
= 60 , 12 buc. / muncitor
13

7
-6
-8
0
11
4
9
10

&DOFXOXO LQGLFDWRULORU VLQWHWLFL DL YDULD LHL

Tabelul 22.
1XP

Grupare de

U GH

SURGXF LH EXF

muncitori
(ni)

Centrul de
interval
(yi)

yi y

y i y ni

0
41-48
48-55
55-62
62-69
69-73
76-83
Total

1
3
8
13
11
2
3
40

2
44,5
51,5
58,5
65,5
72,5
79,5
-

3
-15,75
-8,75
-1,75
5,25
12,25
19,25
-

4
47,25
70,00
22,75
57,75
24,50
57,75
280

PXQFLWRUL GXS

AbatHUHD PHGLH OLQLDU

(y i y )

ni

5
744,1875
612,5
39,812
303,1875
300,125
1111,6875
3111,4995

yi a
h

a = 58,5;
h=7
6
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-

d)

d =

y i y ni
i =1

ni

280
= 7 buc. / muncitor
40

i =1

Dispersia (2)
- FDOFXOXO RELQXLW
k

2 =

( y i y ) 2 ni
i =1

ni

3111,495
= 77,787
40

i =1

calculul simplificat
2

y a
i h ni

i =1
k

2 =

ni
i =1

$EDWHUHD PHGLH S

WUDWLF

h 2 ( y a) 2 =

66
49 (60,25 58,5) 2 = 77,787
40

= = 77,787 = 8,82 buc. / muncitor.

2

&RHILFLHQWXO GH YDULD LH Y L Y

d
7
100 =
100 = 11,62%
60,25
y

8,82
v = 100 =
100 = 14,64%
60,25
y
v=

6HULD HVWH RPRJHQ

L PHGLD HVWH UHSUH]HQWDWLY 

Calculul coeficientului de asimetrie

y M 0 60,25 60
Cas =
=
= 0,0283

8,82

DVLPHWULH SR]LWLY

yi a

ni
h

QHVHPQLILFDWLY 

7
12
8
0
11
8
27
66

4. Verificarea regulii de adunare a dispersiilor

6H

YD

IRORVL

WDEHOXO

LQWHUYDOH QHHJDOH L GXS

RE LQXW

SULQ

JUXSDUHD

FRPELQDW

PXQFLWRULORU

GXS

YHFKLPH

*UXSH GH PXQFLWRUL GXS

*UXSH GH PXQFLWRUL GXS

vechime (ani)
0
2-8
8-26
26-38
Total

41-48
1
1
2
3

48-55
2
3
5
8

55-62
3
13
13

SURGXF LH EXF

62-69
4
6
5
11

69-76
5
1
1
2

76-83
6
3
3

Tabelul 23.
Total
(ni..)
7
4
27
9
40

6H FDOFXOHD] 
0HGLLOH GH JUXS

( y i ):

y j nij
j =1
m

yi =

nij
j =1

44,5 1 + 51,5 3
= 49,75 buc./muncitor
4
44,5 2 + 51,55 5 + 58,5 13 + 65,5 6 + 72,5 1
y2 =
= 58,2407 buc./muncitor
27
65,5 5 + 72,5 1 + 79,5 3
y3 =
= 70,944 buc./muncitor
9
y1 =

0HGLD JHQHUDO

y ):

SH ED]D GLVWULEX LHL PDUJLQDOH D PXQFLWRULORU GXS

SURGXF LH

y=

y j n. j
j =1
m

n. j
j =1

y=
-

44,5 3 + 51,5 8 + 58,5 13 + 65,5 11 + 72,5 2 + 79,5 2

= 60,25 buc./muncitor
40

SH ED]D PHGLLORU GH JUXS 

y=

SH

SURGXF LH SH LQWHUYDOH HJDOH

y i ni .
i =1
r

ni.
i =1

49,75 4 + 58,2407 27 + 70,94 9 2410

y=
=
= 60,25 buc./muncitor
40
40

&DOFXOXO LQGLFDWRULORU VLQWHWLFL DL YDULD LHL

GLVSHUVLLOH GH JUXS

i2 ):

i2 =

( y j yi ) 2 nij
j =1

nij
j =1

(44,5 49,75) 2 1 + (51,5 49,75) 2 3

= 9,1875
4
(44,5 58,24) 2 # 2 + (51,5 58,24) 2 5 + (58,5 58,24) 2 13 + (65,5 58,24) 2 6
2
2 =
+
27
(72,5 58,24) 2 1
+
= 41,6736
2

12 =

2
3 =

(65,5 70,94) 2 5 + (72,5 70,94) 2 1 + (79,5 70,94) 2 3

= 41,1358
9

PHGLD GLVSHUVLLORU GH JUXS

2 = y/r =

i2 ni.
ni .

):

9,1875 4 + 41,6736 27 + 41,1358 9

38,31
40
dispersia dintre grupe ( 2 ):

2 =

2 = 2/ x =
y

( yi y ) 2 ni.
i =1

ni .
i =1

(49,75 60,25) 2 4 + (58,24 60,25) 2 27 + (70,94 60,25) 2 9

39,47
40
2
GLVSHUVLD WRWDO 
):

2 =

2 =2 =
y

( y j y ) 2 n. j
j =1

n. j
j =1

(44,5 60,25) 2 3 + (51,5 60,25) 2 8 + (58,5 60,25) 2 13

+
40
(65,5 60,25) 2 11 + (72,5 60,25) 2 2 + (79,5 60,25) 2 3
+
= 77,78
40

2 =

5HJXOD DGXQ

ULL GLVSHUVLLORU

= 2 = 2 + 2 sau
y
77,78 = 38,31 + 39,47
2

2
y = 2/ r + 2/ x
y
y

3H ED]D UHJXOLL GH DGXQDUH D GLVSHUVLLORU VH SRW FDOFXOD DO L GRL LQGLFDWRUL VWDWL

2
JUDGXO GH GHWHUPLQD LH 5
y/x

stici:

2
39,47
100 =
100 = 50,75%
2
77,78

2
JUDGXO GH QHGHWHUPLQD LH .
y / x ):

):

2
Ry / x =

2
K y/x =

38,31
2
100 =
100 = 49,25%
2
77,78

'LQ UH]XOWDWHOH RE LQXWH UHLHVH F

pURSRU LH

YDULD LD WRWDO

D SURGXF LHL VH GDWRUHD]

vQ DSURDSH DFHHDL

DWkW IDFWRUXOXL GH JUXSDUH YHFKLPHD vQ PXQF  FkW L FHORUODO L IDFWRUL FDUH QX DX IRVW

vQUHJLVWUD L ,QIOXHQ D IDFWRUXOXL GH JUXSDUH YHFKLPH HVWH GRDU FX 

PDL PDUH GHFkW LQIOXHQ D

IDFWRULORU QHvQUHJLVWUD L

5. Estimarea limitelor pentru prodXF

LD PHGLH D FROHFWLYLW

LL WRWDOH L SHQWUX QLYHOXO

WRWDOL]DW DO SURGXF LHL

(DQWLRQXO ILLQG DOF WXLW GXS

XQ SURFHGHX DOHDWRULX VH SRDWH XWLOL]D GLVSHUVLD GLQ HDQWLRQ

pentru calculul erorii de reprezentativitate.

5.1. Sondaj aleatoriu simplu repetat

Eroarea medie de reprezentativitate ( y )

2
77,78
=
= 1,3944 buc.
n
40

y = y =

(URDUHD OLPLW

y ):

y = z y = 3 1,3944 = 4,1834 buc.

,QWHUYDOXO vQ FDUH YD IL FXSULQV

SURGXF LD PHGLH SH vQWUHDJD FROHFWLYLWDWH

y y < y0 < y + y

60,25 4,1834 < y 0 < 60,25 + 4,1834

56,0666 < y 0 <64,4334 buc./muncitor

,QWHUYDOXO vQ FDUH YD IL FXSULQV

400

SURGXF LD WRWDO

N y y < yi < N y + y
i =1
400

SH vQWUHDJD FROHFWLYLWDWH

22426,64 < yi < 25773,36 buc.

i =1

5.2. Sondajul aleatoriu simplu nerepetat

Eroarea medie de reprezentativitate

y =

2
n

(URDUHD OLPLW

1 =
N

77,78
40
1
= 1,3228 buc.
40 400

y = z y = 3 1,3228 = 3,9686 buc.

,QWHUYDOXO vQ FDUH YD IL FXSULQV

SURGXF LD PHGLH SH vQWUHDJD FROHFWLYLWDWH

y y < y0 < y + y
60,25 3,9686 < y 0 < 60,25 + 3,9686
56,2814 < y 0 < 64,2186 buc./muncitor

,QWHUYDOXO vQ FDUH YD IL FXSULQV

SURGXF LD WRWDO

400

N y y < yi < N y + y
i =1
400

SH vQWUHDJD FROHFWLYLWDWH

22512,66 < yi < 25687,44 buc.

i =1

6.

$QDOL]D FRUHOD LHL GLQWUH YHFKLPHD vQ PXQF

L SURGXF LD RE LQXW

6.1. &RUHOD LD VLPSO (date negrupate)

6H DSOLF

SHQWUX SULPHOH  XQLW

L GLQ HDQWLRQ

Metode simple
Metoda seriilor paralele interdependente
6H

RUGRQHD]

FUHVF WRU

FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH DOH SURGXF LHL

GXS
YHFKLPH xi YDULDELOD LQGHSHQGHQW
yi (variabila depeQGHQW  (vezi tabelul 24.).

VH

WUHF

YDORULOH

Tabelul 24.
Nr.
crt.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

3URGXF LH 

Vechime (xi)

yi)

1
6
12
15
18
19
19
23
24
24
32

2
48
52
53
55
58
68
62
57
72
67

Concluzie: Cresc valorile xi L YDORULOH yi FHHD FH VXJHUHD]

0HWRGD JUDILF

 3HQWUX UHSUH]HQWDUHD JUDILF

R OHJ WXU

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

~


z{|
~}


0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
vechime (ani)

Figura 12.
'LQ JUDILF UH]XOW

GLUHFW 

VH FRQVWUXLHWH FRUHORJUDPD YH]L ILJ 

H[LVWHQ D XQHL OHJ WXUL GLUHFWH GH IRUP

OLQLDU 

Metode analitice
5HJUHVLD OLQLDU

Yxi = a + bxi
6H DSOLF

PHWRGD FHORU PDL PLFL S WUDWH L VH RE LQH VLVWHPXO GH HFXD LL QRUPDOH

n
n

na + b xi = yi

i =1
i =1
,
n
n
n
2
a x i + b x i = x i y i
i =1
i =1
i =1

yi xi2 xi xi yi
unde: a =

i =1

i =1

n
i =1

xi2

n
xi

i =1
n

n xi y i xi y i

b=

i =1

i =1

i =1
2

n xi2 xi

i =1
i =1
n

'DWHOH QHFHVDUH FDOFXO ULL FHORU GRL SDUDPHWULL VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ WDEHOXO

Nr.
crt.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total

xi

yi

xi y i

x i2

yi2

Yxi = a + bxi

1
6
12
15
18
19
19
23
24
24
32
192

2
48
52
53
55
58
68
62
57
72
67
592

3
288
624
795
990
1102
1292
1426
1368
1728
2144
11757

4
36
144
225
324
361
361
529
576
576
1024
4156

5
2304
2704
2809
3025
3364
4624
3844
3249
5184
4489
35596

6
48.2202
53.2104
55.7055
58.2006
59.0323
59.0323
62.3591
63.1908
63.1908
69.8444
591.9864

(y

24..

Yx x

Tabelul 24.

(yi y )2

7
0.048488
1.465068
7.319730
10.243840
1.065643
80.419643
0.128953
38.326004
77.602004
8.090611
224.70997

10a + 192b = 592

192a + 4156b = 11757

a=

592 4156 192 11757

= 43,23
104156 36864

b=

10 11757 192 592

= 0,8317 b > 0 OHJ
10 4156 36864

WXUD GLUHFW

)XQF LD GH UHJUHVLH HVWH

Yxi = 43,23 + 0,8317 xi

9DORULOH IXQF LHL GH UHJUHVLH YDORUL DMXVWDWH VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ WDEHOXO  FRORDQD 

8
125.44
51.84
38.44
17.64
1.44
77.44
7.84
4.84
163.84
60.24
549

,QWHQVLWDWHD OHJ

WXULL GLQWUH FHOH GRX

FRHILFLHQW GH FRUHOD LH 

YDULDELOH VH P VRDU

FX LQGLFDWRU

ii:

ry/x):

i =1

i =1

n xi y i xi y i

ry / x

i =1

=
2
n
n
n
n

n xi2 xi n yi2 yi

i =1
i =1 i =1
i =1

10 11757 192 592

= 0,768
10 4156 (192) 2 10 3596 (592) 2
2

][

ry/x = 0,768

UDSRUWXO GH FRUHOD LH 

Ry / x =

Ry/x):

( yi Yx ) 2
1
( yi y ) 2
i

Datele necesare sunt prezentate n tabelul 24.

n

yi

592
= 59,2 buc./muncitor.
n
10
224,70997
= 0,59069 = 0,768
Ry/x = 1
549
Concluzie: ([LVW R OHJ WXU LQWHQV  GLUHFW L OLQLDU
y=

i =1

vQWUXFkW

ry/x = Ry/x = 0,768.

3HQWUX YHULILFDUHD VHPQLILFD LHL YDORULL FRHILFLHQWXOXL GH FRUHOD LH OLQLDU

VLPSO

VH XWLOL]HD]

testul t:
ry / x

t=
pentru

1 ry2/ x

n2 =

0,59069
1 0,59069

10 2 = 2,6116

 L Q

'DF 

tcalc

2 = 8 grade de libertate ttab = 2,306.

> ttab UH]XOW F ry/x HVWH VHPQLILFDWLY

L P VRDU

OHJ WXUD OLQLDU  GLUHFW

vQWUH

YHFKLPH L SURGXF LH

&DOFXOXO FRHILFLHQ LORU GH FRUHOD LH D UDQJXULORU

(tabelul 25):
Tabelul 25.

Nr.
crt

Vechimea

3URGXF LD

Ranguri

(yi)

rxi

r yi

d i = rxi ryi

d i2

Pi

Qi

Si=Pi-Qi

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

(xi)
1
6
12
15
18
19
19
23
24
24
32

2
48
52
53
55
58
68
62
57
72
67

3
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
8

4
1
2
3
4
6
9
7
5
10
8

5
0
0
0
0
-1
-4
1
2
-3
0

6
0
0
0
0
1
16
1
4
9
0

7
9
8
7
6
4
1
2
2
0
0

8
0
0
0
0
1
3
1
0
1
0

9
9
8
7
6
3
-2
1
2
-1
0

Total

d i =31

Pi=39

Qi=6

Si =33

vQ PXQF

coeficient Spearman (rS):

6 d i2
6 31
rS = 1 3
= 1 3
= 0,812
n n
10 10

coeficient Kendall (rK):

2S
2 33
66
rK = 2
= 2
=
= 0,73
n n 10 10 90

9DORDUHD FRHILFLHQ LORU DUDW

YDULDELOH L vQ DFHVW FD] VH YHULILF

6.2. &RUHOD

H[LVW

UHOD LD

R OHJ WXU

rK < rS.

GLUHFW

LD SH ED]D GDWHORU JUXSDWH FRPELQDW

Grupe de muncitori
GXS
YHFKLPH [i)
0
2-8
8-14
14-20
20-26
26-32
32-38
Total (n.j)

48-55
2
3
2
2
1
8

vQWUH FHOH GRX

din tabelul 26.

6XEJUXSH GH PXQFLWRUL GXS

41-48
1
1
2
3

GHVWXO GH SXWHUQLF

55-62
3
7
6
13

Tabelul 26.
Total
(ni.)
7
4
4
12
11
6
3
40

SURGXF LH \i

62-69
4
3
3
4
1
11

)
69-76
5
1
1
2

76-83
6
1
2
3

Metode simple
0HWRGD WDEHOXOXL GH FRUHOD LH 
'DF

nij

WLQG V

YDORULOH FHORU GRX

VH RUGRQH]H vQ

vezi tabelul 26.).

YDULDELOH ; L < VXQW RUGRQDWH FUHVF WRU LDU IUHFYHQ HOH FRQGL LRQDWH

jurul diagonalei (stnga sus

GUHDSWD MRV UH]XOW

H[LVW

R OHJ WXU

GLUHFW 
0HWRGD JUXS

ULL

6H FDOFXOHD]

PHGLLOH GH JUXS

FRQGL LRQDWH

yi ):

y1 = 49,75 buc/muncitor
y 2 = 48 buc/muncitor
y3 = 59,083 buc/muncitor
y 4 = 61,045 buc/muncitor
y5 = 69 buc/muncitor
y 6 = 74,83 buc/muncitor
6H REVHUY
FUHWHUH 5H]XOW

F
F

SH P VXU
H[LVW

0HWRGD JUDILF

FH FUHWH YHFKLPHD vQ PXQF

R OHJ WXU

L SURGXF LD PHGLH DUH R WHQGLQ

GH

GLUHFW 

(vezi diagrama norului de puncte - ILJ

OHJ WXUL GLUHFWH L OLQLDUH

Metode analitice
Metoda regresiei liniare:
Y x i = a + bxi
6LVWHPXO GH HFXD LL QRUPDOH HVWH

na + b xi ni. = y j n. j

i
i =1

a xi ni. + b xi2 ni. = xi y j nij

i
i
i
j

*UDILFXO VXJHUHD]

H[LVWHQ D XQHL

'DWHOH QHFHVDUH FDOFXO ULL FHORU GRL SDUDPHWUL VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ WDEHOXO 

Tabelul 27.
Nr.
crt.

xi

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total

ni.

xi ni.

x i n i.

yj

n. j

y j n. j

y j n. j

1
5
11
17
23
29
35

2
4
4
12
11
6
3

3
20
44
204
253
174
105

4
100
484
3468
5819
5046
3675

5
44,5
51,5
58,5
65,5
72,5
79,5

6
3
8
13
11
2
3

7
133,5
412,0
760,5
720,5
145,0
238,5

8
5940,75
21218,0
44489,25
47192,75
10512,5
18960,75

ni. = 40

xini.=800

x i ni.=18592

40

yjn.j=410

y j n.j=148314

xi y j nij
j

9
995
2112
12056
15444,5
12006
7857,5

xi y j nij = 50463
i

6LVWHPXO GH HFXD LL

40a + 800b = 2410

800a + 18592b = 50468

xi2 ni. y j n. j xi ni. xi y j nij = 2410 18592 800 50468 = 42,75

a=
2
40 18952 800 2
n xi2 ni. ( xi ni. )
n xi y j nij y j n. j xi ni. 40 50468 2410 800
=
= 0,875
b=
2
40 18952 800 2
n xi2 ni. ( xi ni. )

b > 0 OHJ

WXUD GLUHFW 

)XQF LD GH UHJUHVLH HVWH

Y x i = 42,75 + 0,875xi
Valorile teoretice ale pURGXF LHL GHWHUPLQDWH GH YHFKLPH VXQW
Y X1 = 47,125
Y X 2 = 52,375
Y X 3 = 57,625
Y X 4 = 62,875
Y X 5 = 68,125
Y X 6 = 73,375
0HWRGHOH GH P VXUDUH D LQWHQVLW

ry / x =
=

WXULL

n xi y j nij xi ni. y j n. j

[n x n

2
i i.

103680 124460
F

][

( xi ni. ) n y 2 n. j
j

40 50468 2410 800

5H]XOW

LL OHJ

0HWRGD FRHILFLHQWXOXL GH FRUHOD LH

( y j n. j )2 ]

= 0,7986

OHJ WXUD HVWH SXWHUQLF

L GLUHFW

ry/x > 0).

0HWRGD UDSRUWXOXL GH FRUHOD LH OLQLDU

'DWHOH QHFHVDUH FDOFXO ULL DFHVWXL LQGLFDWRU VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ WDEHOXO

28..

Tabelul 28.

(y j Yx ) nij

yj

Y xi

nij

(yj - y )2n.j

51,5
2
57,4218
1,5312
75,0312
129,3906
263,3748

58,5
3
5,3593
114,8437
120,203

65,5
4
186,0468
20,6718
27,5625
62,0156
296,2967

72,5
5
92,6406
19,1406
111,7812

79,5
6
129,3906
75,0312
204,4218

744,186

0
47,125
52,375
57,625
62,875
68,125
73,375
(yj-Y X i )

44,5
1
6,8906
124,0312
130,9218

612,496

39,806

303,182

300,124

1111,686

Ry / x = 1

1126,997
= 0,63779 = 0,7986
3111,48

Deci ry/x = Ry/x

 FRUHOD LH OLQLDU  GLUHFW

3URSRU LD vQ FDUH SURGXF LD HVWH LQIOXHQ DW

GHWHUPLQD LH

7
64,3124
125,5624
266,4377
357,5467
176,0937
137,0468
(yj Yxi)2nij=
=1126,9997
(yj - y )2n. j=
=3111,48

(y j Yx )2 nij
(y j y )2 n. j

Ry / x = 1

2
y/x

L LQWHQV 

GH YHFKLPH VH FDOFXOHD]

FX FRHILFLHQWXO GH

2
R y / x = (0,7986)2 = 0,6377 sau 63,78%
Q FHOH GRX

YDULDQWH GDWH QHJUXSDWH L GDWH JUXSDWH OHJ WXUD HVWH SXWHUQLF

L GH WL

p liniar.