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R
Rl = lim
x 0 x
EHZ/DMb/LMEjN`ZMRTI\Vpc-Z/IYbMV%cJLDM~G=UWV
{
x

uGJDMb/LME N!G=nMGON7R\N7VHR%c9GJDSV2G9E[h

GJDMb/LME N!GJnMGN7RNrVHRxs-D.N;I\V i GJI\V%E[Rpc-E2LMc^RN7hxPSVcJLDM~G=UWVHR

uxEeZ/DMb/LMEjN7RTD]lRc9GJDSV2G9E[h
bMV%cJLDM~G=UWVHR

uE[RTPSR2EHGN7RNrVHRac-GJDSVpG-E.h
cJLDM~G=UWV

G
Gl = lim
x 0 x
C
Cl = lim
x 0 x

[ S / m]
[ F / m]

[ / m ]

L
Ll = lim
x 0 x
x

LDMbMV
LDMbMV

LDMbMV

[ H / m]

LDMbMV

VH_`N7V%I\V2mHG`_`N7VTD]lR

VH_`N7V

VH_`N7VEeZ/DMb/LMEjN7RTD]lRs9D.NlI\V i GJI#VEHZ/DS_XG-bMVTI\R\N7V

VH_!NrV}E[RjP>R2EeGON7R\N7VHR*s-D.N;I\VwEHZ/DMb/LMEjN`ZMRTI\V2c^V}bMV

h2bMVTI\VeR%bMVN7VTDS_XGJLDSVxPSVxLDLMcAbG=D.NlI\VEHZ/DMb/LMEjN`ZMRTI\VHo/PSVxc=LDM~GJUWVeR%b/aVe_!N7V

du f =

{
Rl
idx
2

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RH_#ZEeG;RNQN;IXZ/DS_#Z/DLMc=LMGQbMVcJLDM~G-U}Vb/VH_!NrV
d
{
d = Ll idx
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{tLI\VTD.NlLMcE[RTI#V _jV s9DME2MG-bMV s9D.NlI\V E[V2c^V bZLSh
dq = C l u dx
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{
diG = Gl u dx
Z/DS_#G9bMVTI\gTDMbFbMV2m2nMZcN7hTIKG-c;Vs9D_VTIXG^V*$RTMc-Z/I R2c^V*cJLMG
XG
XGtI\VT]^GJDSgTDMbQDLU}R2G
u ( x + dx, t )
i ( x + dx, t )
PIXG=UaG-GSbZG/NrVTI7UWVjDMGARTnSVjUF

u
dx
x
i
dx
i ( x + dx, t ) i( x, t ) +
x
u ( x + dx, t ) u ( x, t ) +

IXZ/DS_#Z/DLMcFbMVc-GJDMG^VbMVcJLDM~.GJU}Vb/RTI\VHo*];G=DSgTDMb_VHRjUWRbMVE[Vpc;VPSRNlI7LV i V2E N7VEHZ/DS_#G9bMVTI\RNrVHo


LI7U}hN!ZMRTI#VHR_#E2SVjUWhV2E2MG=nSR2c;VjD.N7h/

GJD N7V2Z/I#VTUWRR%bZ/LSRR%cJLMGMG=IXE2MZ i`i I\V2m2LMcN7h/

i

kls9D
i Ll i Rl
u
Rl
L
dx u = 0
dx + l dx
+ dx
+ dx i + u +
t 2 t 2
x
2
2

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i + diG + diC + i +

i
t
i
u
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t
x

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t

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u ( x, t )

2u
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=

l
l
l
l
x
x t
x
x t
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u
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L
C
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+
+
+
l l
l l
l l
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Rl + jLl
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%
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arctg
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(R

2 =2 + 2 =
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( )=

Re

2
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+ 2 L2l G l2 + 2 C l2

2 = Rl Gl 2 Ll Cl

[
[

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+ 2 C l2 0

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+ 2 C l2 0

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2
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