Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis

ofaShear Wall Building inMadinah

M.Ajmal

,M.K.Rahman

andM.H.Baluch

KingFahdUniversityofPetroleum&MineralsDhahranSaudiArabia
RecentSeismicActivitiesinKSA
Recently seismic events that occurred in low to
moderateseismicityregionsofSaudiArabiaare:
Otaibah,Makkah (2005)
Haradh,EasternProvince(2006)
AlHadama,AlAmid,AlQarasa andYanbu (2009)
EasternProvince(August, 2010)
WhyResearchisNeeded?
1. Some large cities in the Eastern and Western Part of Saudi
Arabia are located close to fault zones. As the population
increases and new areas are developed, the seismic risk to
humanlifeandinfrastructureincreases.
2. Most old structures aredesigned without considering
seismic effect.i.e.designedforgravityloads.
3. Recent seismic activity in Saudi Arabia have led to concern
about the safety of the existing reinforced concrete
buildings.
4. This research is planned as a joint collaboration between
King Fahd university of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM),
Saudi Arabia and Istanbul Technical University (ITU),
Turkey.
NONLINEARSTATICPUSHOVERANALYSIS
The pushover analysis, is a static nonlinear analysis under
permanent gravity loads and gradually increasing lateral
loads.
APPLICATIONOFPUSHOVERANALYSIS
Pushover analysis may be applied to verify the structural
performance of newly designed and the existing buildings for
thefollowingpurposes:
1. Toverifytheoverstrengthratiovalues.
2. To estimate the expected plastic mechanism and the
distributionofdamage.
3. Toassessthestructuralperformanceofexistingorretrofitted
buildings.
4. Asanalternativetothedesignbasedonlinearanalysis.
DescriptionoftheBuildinginMadinah
Madinah Municipalitybuildingis
selected.
Constructedin1996.
LocatedinwesternregionofSaudi
Arabia.
8storeywithdomeandelevatorshafts
PlanArea=40mx40m
SeismicZoneisZ2AaccordingtoUBC
1997.
TYPICALPLAN MADINAH
MUNICIPALITYBUILDING
TYPICALPLANFROM1
ST
TO6
TH
STOREY
7
TH
STOREYPLAN
8
TH
STOREYPLAN
ShearWall
SELECTED2DFRAMEFORNONLINEAR
PUSHOVERANALYSIS
ELEVATIONOFSELECTEDFRAME
300mmThick
Shearwall
300mmThick
Shearwall
200mmThick
Shearwall
200mmThick
Shearwall
MaterialProperties,CrossSectionand
ReinforcementDetails
MaterialProperties
30MPa
420MPa
620MPa
200MPa
'
c
f
y
f
u
f
s
E
SHEARWALLMODELINGINPUSHOVER
ANALYSIS
Midpier model
Inmidpiermodeltheisgenerallybasedonplastichinge
conceptandbilinearmomentrelationship.
Theresponseofthismodelisgovernedbytheproper
selectionofstiffnessofrigidbeambecauseassumptionof
infiniterigiditycanleadtooverestimationofbending
moment.
Multilayershellelementmodel
Theshellelementcanbeusedefficientlyfortheanalysis
ofbuildingstructureswithshearwalls.
Themultilayershellelementgivesarealisticpredictionof
stressesandformationofhingesinshearwall.
SmearedMultilayeredShellElement ShellelementModelForShearWall
MidPierModelforShearwall
SHEARWALLMODEL
MultilayeredShellElementModel
MultilayeredShellElementModel
MidPierModel
MidPierModel
LOADS
Forintermediatestoreys
Deadloads
SelfweightofSlab=4.75kN/m
2
Floorfinish=2.3kN/m
2
Superimposed load =1kN/m
2
Liveload =4.8kN/m
2
Forroof storeys
Deadloads
Selfweightofslab=4.75kN/m
2
Floorfinish=3.5kN/m
2
Superimposed load =1kN/m
2
Liveload =2.4kN/m
2
SEISMICWEIGHTOFTHEBUILDING
TheSeismicweightofthewholebuildingisthesum
oftheseismicweightsofallthefloors.
Floorheightfromgroundlevel
(m)
SeismicweightW
i
(kN)
27.6 1900
22.6 865
20.2 2780
16 3408
12.8 3320
9.6 3032
6.4 3032
3.2 3030
W
i
=21371
MODALANALYSIS
Fromthemodalanalysistimeperiodandfrequency
fordifferentmodesareshownbelow.
ModalProperties Mode
1 2 3 4 5
Period(sec) 0.602 0.266 0.171 0.133 0.128
Frequency (rad/sec) 1.731 3.756 5.863 7.472 7.812
PARABOLICLATERALLOADFEMA356
The lateral force
atanystory(F
i
)is
calculatedby
2
i i
i t
N
2
j j
j=1
WH
F =V
WH

SECTIONALANALYSISUSINGXTRACT
ASSUMPTIONS
Mander confinedandunconfinedconcretemodel.
Elastoplasticsteelmodelwithouthardeningwereused.
SoftwareusedforSectionalAnalysisisXTRACT.
Mander Unconfined,Confined
ConcreteModel
Elastoplasticsteelmodel
PMInteractionDiagramForColumnA11
PMINTERACTIONCURVEOBTAINEDFROMXTRACT
MomentCurvaturecurveforBeamK4
MOMENTCURVATUREOBTAINEDFROM
XTRACT
PUSHOVERANALYSISRESULTS
Pushovercurvefor2DFrameAnalyzed
STOREYDRIFTSRATIO
STOREYDRIFTSRATIO
PlasticHingeDistribution
PLASTICHINGESDISTRIBUTIONWHENPUSHEDINPOSITIVEXDIRECTION
AT6cmDISPLACEMENT
ShellModel PierModel
PlasticHingeDistribution
PLASTICHINGESDISTRIBUTIONWHENPUSHEDINPOSITIVEXDIRECTION
AT9cmDISPLACEMENT
ShellModel PierModel
PlasticHingeDistribution
PLASTICHINGESDISTRIBUTIONWHENPUSHEDINPOSITIVEXDIRECTION
AT15cmDISPLACEMENT
ShellModel PierModel
PlasticHingeDistribution
PLASTICHINGESDISTRIBUTIONWHENPUSHEDINNEGATIVEXDIRECTION
ATAPPROX.5cmDISPLACEMENT
ShellModel
PierModel
PlasticHingeDistribution
PLASTICHINGESDISTRIBUTIONWHENPUSHEDINNEGATIVEXDIRECTION
ATAPPROX.7cmDISPLACEMENT
ShellModel PierModel
PlasticHingeDistribution
PLASTICHINGESDISTRIBUTIONWHENPUSHEDINNEGATIVEXDIRECTION
ATAPPROX.14cmDISPLACEMENT
ShellModel PierModel
CONCRETESTRESSESINSHEARWALL
CONCRETESTRESSWHENPUSHEDINPOSITIVEXDIRECTION
Crushingofconcrete
asmaximumstress
inconcretereaches
ultimatestresses
CONCRETESTRESSESINSHEARWALL
CONCRETESTRESSWHENPUSHEDINNEGATIVEXDIRECTION
Crushingofconcrete
asmaximumstress
inconcretereaches
ultimatestresses
STEELSTRESSESINSHEARWALL
STEELSTRESSWHENPUSHEDINPOSTIVEXDIRECTION
Hinged formed at
the bottom of
shear wall as
maximum stress
in steel reaches
yieldstress
STEELSTRESSESINSHEARWALL
STEELSTRESSWHENPUSHEDINNEGATIVEXDIRECTION
Hinged formed at
the bottom of
shear wall as
maximum stress
in steel reaches
yieldstress
PERFORMANCEASSESSMENTUSING
ATC40
PERFORMANCEPOINT
BASESHEAR 7349KN
DISPLACEMENT 0.07m
CONCLUSIONS
The hinge status of Shell Element and Mid Pier method
at maximum displacement provide almost the same
pattern.
Mid Pier method overestimate base shear because of
rigid beam rigidity, so appropriate rigidity must be
selected.
ONGOINGRESEARCH
Time history analysis of selected 2D frames of the
buildingisinprogress.
Research will be carried out on 3D model of
Madinah Municipality Building by the application of
Pushoverandtimehistoryanalysis.
Pushover analysis will be subsequently carried out
forbuildingretrofittedwithCFRP.
REFERENCES
1. Ahmet E.T.,Codebased evaluation of seismic performance levels of reinforced
concretebuildingswithlinearandnonlinearapproaches,MSc,ITU,2008
2. Bahadr A.,Comparisonoflinearandnonlinearmethodsforseismicevaluationof
existing reinforced concrete buildings in the Turkish earthquake code 2007,MSc
Thesis,Bogazii University,2007
3. FEMA, NEHRP Improvement of nonlinear static seismic analysis procedures
(FEMA 440).DepartmentofHomelandSecurity,FederalEmergencyManagement
Agency: RedwoodCity,CA.2005.
4. Menjivar, M.A.L. A Review of Existing Pushover Methods for 2D Reinforced
ConcreteBuilding,PhDThesis,RoseSchoolItaly.2004
5. Ghobarah, A. Review Article; Performance based design in earthquake
engineering:stateofdevelopment.J.ofEngineeringStructures.2001.23:878884.
6. [16]. ATC Evaluation and improvement of inelastic seismic analysis procedures
(ATC55).AppliedTechnologyCouncil:RedwoodCity,CA.2001.
7. FEMA, NEHRP Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of
Buildings (FEMA356). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE): Reston, VA.
2000.
8. [17].Fajfar,P.Anonlinearanalysismethodforperformancebasedseismicdesign,
J.ofEarthquakeSpectra2000.16:573592
9. ATC Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings Volume1 (ATC40).
AppliedTechnologyCouncil:RedwoodCity,CA.1997.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The study is being funded by King Fahd
University of Petroleum & Minerals under
project number IN101028 which is gratefully
acknowledged.
The authors acknowledge the mentoring
provided by ITU to the KFUPM graduate
studentsinvolvedinthisproject.