A valve is a device that regulates, directs or

controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids,

fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing,
or partially obstructing various passageways.
Ball Valve
Butterfly Valve
Gate Valve
Globe Valve
Check Valve
Type Working
Ball Designed primarily for on/off service.
These valves contain a ball with a hole
through it. A handle or electric actuator
rotates the ball 90, turning the flow on
or off.
Used where less pressure drop is
required.
Can be good for flow carrying solids
(prevents damage to the seat)
Butterfly Used for isolating or regulating flow.
The closing mechanism takes the form
of a disk.
They are generally used for handling
large flows of gases or liquids, including
slurries, but should not be used for
throttling for extended periods of time.
Type Working
Gate Used to fully stop or
fully permit flow
Not practical for
throttling the flow
because:-
1. It is difficult to know
how open or closed
the valve is.
2. Partially open gates
set up vibrations that
can damage the valve
Type Working
Globe Seat of a globe valve is
parallel to the flow
path.
All contact between
seat and disc ends
when flow begins.
Efficient for throttling
of flow with minimum
erosion
Perform well where
frequent operation is
required
Maintenance is easier
than gate valves, often
without removing the
valve from the line
Type Working
Check Check valves prevent the
backflow of the carried
fluid, i.e., they are one
way valves.
The disc may be seated
by gravity, by the fluid
itself if it attempts to
reverse, or sometimes by
a piston or spring.

SOLENOID AND
FAIL-SAFE VALVES
A solenoid is a coil wound into a tightly
packed helix, often wrapped around
a metallic core, which produces a magnetic
field when an electric current is passed
through it.
As they can produce controlled magnetic
field, they can be used as electromagnets.
A solenoid valve is
an electromechanically operated valve which
is controlled by an electric current through
a solenoid.
Two Port Valve: Flow is switched on/off
Three Port Valve: The outflow is switched
between the two outlet ports
They are used for fast and safe operation in a
process.
Direct Acting
Valve
Diaphragm
Piloted Valve
A- Input side
B- Diaphragm
C- Pressure chamber
D- Pressure relief
passage
E- Solenoid
F- Output side
Control valves that revert to a predetermined
position after the actuating force is removed.
They can be of two types:-
Fail Open/ Air to Close
Fail Close/ Air to Open

In the event of a plant instrument air failure it
is important that all control valves fail in a
safe position (e.g. an exothermic reactor's
feed should fail closed (air to open) and its
coolant system valves fail open (air to close))
Thank You