ABSTRACT

The dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis) is a species of flea (Siphonaptera) that lives primarily on the blood
of dogs. The dog flea is troublesome because it can spread Dipylidium caninum. They are commonly
found in Europe.
Although they feed on the blood of dogs and cats, they sometimes bite humans. They can live without
food for several months, but females must have a blood meal before they can produce eggs. They can
deliver about 4000 eggs on the host's fur.[1] The eggs go through four lifecycle
stages: embryo,larva, pupa, and imago (adult).[2] This whole life cycle from egg to adult takes from two
to three weeks, although this depends on the temperature. It may take longer in cool conditions.[3]

The madre de cacao extract were diluted in purified water to avail the following concentrations: 100%
concentration 10 mL seed extract, 50% concentration 5mL seed extract and 5mL purified water, 25%
concentration 2.5mL seed extract, 7.5mL purified water and Negative Control - water. The treatments
were sprayed on 20 dog fleas per designated glass container. After two hours of exposure, the numbers
of killed dog fleas were counted.
Madre de cacao leaves extract contains Tannins which is considered potentially a pesticidal & anti
bacterial that can asphyxiate dog fleas.

INTRO

According to Robin Tierney (November 29, 2011) Fleas, Ticks, Mosquitoes - Prevention and Treatment,
Fleas feed on animal blood and can trigger problems including skin irritation, allergic reactions, anemia
and in rare cases, death. They can also carry tapeworms, which can infest your pet. If you see small rice-
like particles around the dog's anus or in his feces, he probably has tapeworms.
Madre De Cacao, scientifically known as Gliricidia sepium often simply referred to as Gliricidia, is a
medium size leguminous tree belonging to the family Fabaceae. It is considered as the second most
important multi-purpose legume tree, surpassed only by Leucaena leucocephala. The tree is used in
many tropical and sub-tropical countries for various purposes such as live fencing, fodder, coffee
shade, firewood, green manure and rat poison. In the Philippines, the extract obtained from its leaves is
used to remove external parasites.It contains a chemical substance called Tanninis. Tannins are
considered potentially antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, antimutagenic, antioxidant, bactericidal,
hepatoprotective, pesticidal and viricidal.
The information gathered above urged us to do some research about the parasidal effect of Madre De
Cacao on Fleas.


Statement of the objectives:
General Objectives:
This researchs purpose is to scrutinize the effect of Madre De Cacao extract on Dog Fleas.
Specific Objective:
To find out the insecticidal effect of the different concentration of Madre De Cacao on Dog
Fleas.

Hypothesis:
The result of the Madre De Cacao extract on the Dog Fleas.

Significance of the study:
The results of the experiment are directed in the following: Firstly, the classifications of
different compounds present in the plant. Secondly, the construction of the insecticide that is cheap and
enviro-friendly. Lastly, the applicability of the insecticides to the other insects/pests.

the Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This experiment was only limited on the effect of the Madre De Cacao extract on the fleas. The effect
of Tannins (if in case irritation of skin occured) which is a chemical effect of Madre De Cacao is not
covered in the study.

Review of related literetures:
According to "Gliricidia sepium". Treating Livestock with Medicinal Plants: Beneficial or Toxic?.
Cornell University, Gliricidia trees are a medium size, with composite leaves. The flowers are
reddish and on the end of branches without leaves. The fruit is a pod about 10-15 cm. Typically,
it can be found growing in acid soils with low to medium fertility. There are many compounds
in Gliricidia sepium. The ones most researched are the tannins. In one study, Gliricidia was found to
contain 40.7g of condensed tannins/kg dry matter. Tannins bind to protein and can make plants with high
levels have an astringent dry mouth taste. The exact quantity of tannins varies with the location of the
tree. The active medicinal compounds may be the tannins or other compounds such as afrormosin,
medicarpin, or some isoflavins.

The dog flea's(Ctenocephalides canis) mouthparts are adapted for piercing skin and sucking blood.
Dog fleas are external parasites, living by hematophagy off the blood of dogs. The dog often experiences
severe itching in all areas where the fleas may reside.
Fleas do not have wings and their hard bodies are flattened from side-to-side and have hairs and spines,
which makes it easy for them to travel through hair. They have relatively long hind legs for jumping.


METHODOLOGY

Research Design
The Completely Randomize Design (CRD) undergo in a specific examination in the compilation of madre
de cacao extract and dog fleas.

Materials and Tools
The materials used in the study are as follow: 100% concentration 10 mL seed extract, 50%
concentration 5mL seed extract and 5mL purified water, 25% concentration 2.5mL seed extract,
7.5mL purified water and Negative Control - water. The treatments were sprayed on 20 dog fleas per
designated glass container.








Treatment Replicates
100% concentration (10mL extract) R1 R2 R3
50% concentration(5 mL extract, 5ml water) R1 R2 R3
25% concentration (2.5 mL extract, 2.5ml water) R1 R2 R3
Negative Control R1 R2 R3

Procedure
Gathering of materials needed

Madre deCacao collection and extraction

Preparation of treatments concentrations


Collection of Dog fleas

Randomly distribution of dog fleas

Exposure of Dog fleas with the designated treatment

Observation for the number of mortality of Dog fleas

Presentation and Analysis of data