tIc-fw temI-n\v apn

ImktImSv

8
8
8

IWm-SIw

Iq

8
8
8

hb-\mSv

8
8
8

tImgn-tmSv
Ad-_n--S
(e--Zzo]v IS)

Xan-gv\mSv

ae-pdw

8
8
8

tIc-fw `mcXn\v apn

]me-mSv
`mc-X-ns sXp ]Sn-msd
aqebnemWv tIc-f-ns m\w.
sXp-h-Sv \ofw 560 In.-ao.
Ingv ]Sn-mdv AIew icm-icn 60 In.-ao.

Xriq

8
8

AXnn-I
hSpw hS-p-In-gpw IWm-SIw
sXpw sXp-In-gpw Xan-gv\mSv
]-Sn-mdv Ad-_n--S
Ingv ]n-a-Lw

Fd-Wm-Ipfw

tIc-fob {]Xo-I-
HutZym-KnI
HutZym-KnI
HutZym-KnI
HutZym-KnI
HutZym-KnI

hrw .......................... sXv

arKw .............................. B\
]pjv]w ................. IWn-sm
]n .......... ae-ap-gn thgm-
^ew ............................. N

kwm\ ayw ........................... Icn-ao

kwm\ ss]XrI arKw ................... B\
tIc-f-ns sXt As {Kmaw
s\m-nIc Xmeq-nse Ifn-bn-m-hn-f
hSt AtXv Imk--tKm-Unse Xe-m-Sn-.

CSpn

8
8
8

tImbw

8
8

Be-pg

Ncn-{Xm-Xo-X-Imew apX temI{i-bn.

{InkvXp-hj-n\v hfsc app-Xs hntZi cmPy--fp-ambn hym]m-c-_-w.
s]mXp-sX-c-s-Sp-n-eqsS temI-n BZy Iayq-Wnv a{n-k` 1957
temI Sqdnkw `q]-S-nenSw t\Sn tImhfw
BbpssZLy-nepw km-c-X-bnepw apn.
P\\ acW \nc-p-I hnI-knX cmPy-v Xpeyw.
temI-nse Ghpw \ofw IqSnb hw \Sp-`mKw Np (135 ASn).
tIcfs BtKmfhnIk\ amXrIt\m_km\ tPXmhv AaXymsk
temI-nse BZy kqW ssSm-\nbw Utbm-IvsskUv mv
tIcf an\-dkv Bv sakv enan--Uv.
KZy ]Zy-ta-J-e-I-fn temI {]ikvX IrXn-I.
AssZz-Xm-Nm-cy {ioi--cm-Nm-cy-cpsS P-tZiw Ime-Sn.
temI-p hc-bm-Sp-I-fn ]Ip-Xnbpw Cc-hn-Ip-f-v.

]-\w-Xn

8
8
8

sImw

8
8
8
8

Xncp-h-\--]pcw

Cy kwm-\--fn hnkvXr-Xn-bpsS Imcy-n 21-mw m\w.

P\-kw-Jy-bn 12-mw m\w.
Cy-bn BZys \nb-a-\namW k` XpS-n-bXv 1888- Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn
Cy kwm-\--fn BZy-ambn \nb-a-k` cq]o-I-cn `c-Wm-[n-Imcn
{ioaqew Xncp-\m
Cy-bn BZy-ambn hnP-b-I-camb apWn `cWw.
BZy-ambn skkkv Gs-Sp-nb \mp-cmPyw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq
Cy-bnse BZys kqW km-cXm kwm\w tIcfw (1991)
`c-W-L-S-\-bnse 22 `mj-I-fn ae-bm-f-n\v Fmw m\w.
]e kwm-\--fnepw Hn-e-[nIw kwkmc `mj-bp--tm tIc-f-n
96.5 iX-am\w t]cpsSbpw amXr-`mj ae-bm-fw.
Cy-bpsS {]Ya Bv Umw CSpn (s]-cn-bm-dn)
Sqdnkw hyh-km-b-ambn AwKo-I-cn BZy kwm\w.
m\-]oTw BZyw e`n-Xv Pn icpdp-n-\v.
Cy-bnse BZy Sqdnv {Kmaw Fd-Wm-Ip-fs Ip-f-n.
Cy-bn BZy thmnMv b{w D]-tbm-Kn-Xv ]c-hq aWvU-e-n.
`q{]-Ir-Xn-bnepw Imem-h--bnepw thdn-p-\np-p.
Cybnse BZy hnh-c-km-t-XnIhnZym Pn- ]me-mSv

ASn-m\ hnh-c-

HutZym- K nI ap{Z

`qan-im-kv{X-kw-_
- a- mb hnh-c
-

1961--\mWv ]pXnb HutZym-KnI ap{ZbpsS amXrI kwm\ km

AwKo-I-cn-Xv. cv B\-Ifpw \Spv
Hcp iwJn\v aosX AtimI kvXw`hpw
tN-XmWv HutZym-KnI ap{Z. CXn
aqv `mj-Ifpv tIcf km
Fv ae-bm-f-n, Khsa v Hm^v
tIcf Fv Cwojn, "kXy-tah
PbtX' Fv kwkvIr-X-n.

tIcf sk{I- - d n- t bv
sk{I--dn-tb-n\v BZyw lPq AYhm
]pI-tcn Fm-bn-cpp t]cv.
1949- apX sk{I--dn-tbv F-dn-bsp XpS-n. 1865- Bbneyw Xncp\mfns Imev, sInS kap--bn\v Xd--n-p. 1869- ]Wn
]qn-bm-bn. tdma Uv BIn-sSIvN-dnemWv \nam-Ww. m\pw \namW-p-a-X-ebpw No^v FPn-\n-b
_m-\m-bn-cp-p. Znhm Sn. am[h
dmhp tat\mw hln-p. am[h dmhphns ]qW-Imb teml {]Xna
CXn\v apn m]n-n-p-v. Cu

hnkvXoWw ..................................... 38,863 N.-In.ao (Cy-bpsS hnkvXr-Xn-bpsS 1.18%)

Xe-m\w ............................................................................... Xncp-h-\--]pcw
hSv Amwiw ...................................................... 8018- 1- \pw 120481\pw CSbvv
Ingv tcJmwiw ...................................................... 740521 -\pw 770221 -\pw CSbvv
ISocw ........................................................................................... 590 In.ao
h\- { ]- t Ziw ................................................................................ 11,125.58 N.In.- a o.
Db sImSp-apSn ........................................................................ B\-ae (2695 ao.)
Ghpw henb Pn ............................................................... ]me-mSv (4486 N.-In.-ao)
Ghpw sNdnb Pn ................................................................... Be-pg (1414 In.-ao)

P\-kwJym hnh-c
- (2001)

hnsPSn lm
hnIvtSm-dnb cmn-bpsS Inco-S[
- m-cW
- ns kphW Pq_nen BtLm
jw {]am-Wnv m]n hnsPSn lm
1896 P\p-hcn 25-\v {ioaqew Xncp-\m
cma- h alm- c m- P mhv DZv L m- S \w
sNbvXp. {ioaqew {]Pm-k`- b
- psS {]Ya
tbmKw 1904 HIvtSm- _ 23- \v
ChnsSbmWv \S-Xv.
ew mNyp PwKvj F t]cn
Adn-b-s-Spp. U_m lmfpw ]gb
Akwn lmfpw aqv tmp-I-
DXn \Sp-hn-se-t-Xn-em-Wv. \Sp-hnep tmn B\--hmSw F
t]cn {][m\ hmXn-ep-ap-v.

P\-kwJy ................................. 3,18,41,374 (2001) (Cy bqWn-bs 3.1%, 12-mw m\-w)

P\-km-{X ................................................................................. 819/N.-In.-ao.
]pcp-j-m ............................................................................ 1,54,68,664
kv{XoI ............................................................................... 1,63,71,420
kv{Xo-]p-cpjm\p-]mXw... .................................................................. 1058/1000
km- c X ................................................................................................ 90.86%
]pcp- j - m ........................................................................................ 94.20%
kv { XoI ........................................................................................... 87.68%
P\\- \ n- c v (1000- ) ................................................................................. 16.90
ac-W-\n-cv (1000-) .................................................................................. 6.40
inip-a-c-W-\n-cv (1000-) ................................................................................ 1 1
P\- k wJym hfm- \ n- c v ............................................................................ +9.42%
icm- i cn BbqssZLyw ................................................................................. 71.3
P\-kwJy IqSp-X-ep Pn ........................................................... ae-pdw (36,29,640)
P\-kwJy Ipd-hp Pn ................................................................ hb-\mSv (7,80,619)

`-cW \nh-lWw
tIcf apJy-a{n ............................................................... hn.-F-kv.-A-Nyp-Xm-\-
tIcf KhW ...................................................................... B.-F-kv. Khmbv
tIcf \nb-a-k`m kv]o ........................................................ sI. cm[m-Ir-jvW
tIcf \nb-a-k`m sU]yqn kv]o .................................................... tPmkv t__n
sXc-s-Sp--s-Sp Fw.-F.-F-am ............................................................... 140
t\m-an-t\v sN-sSp-h ................................................................................... 1
temIvk`m aWvU-e- (Fw.-]n-am) ...................................................................... 2 0
cmPy-k-`m Fw.-]n-am ............................................................................................ 9
Pn- I .......................................................................................................... 14
Xmeq- p- I .................................................................................................. 6 3
dh\yq hnt-Pp-I ................................................................................... 1452
Pnm ]m-b-p-I: .................................................................................. 14
tmv ]m-b-p-I .............................................................................. 152
{Kma-]-m-b-p-I .................................................................................. 978
tIm-td-j-\p-I ....................................................................................... 5
ap\n-kn-m-en-n-I ....................................................................................... 60

\nb- a - k `m ancw

]pXnb \nb-a-k`m an-c-n\v 1979-

Xd--n-p. 1998 tabv 22-\v ap cmjv{S]Xn sI B \mcm-b-W ancw
DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp.

tIcfw ]pcm- W - - f nepw

Ncn- { X- - f nepw
hmevaoIn cmam-b-Ww, Bc-Wy-Im-WvUw,
alm-`m-c-Xw, t{ZmW-]hw (254-15), BZn]hw (175-38), t{ZmW-]hw (70-19),
tZhn `mK-hXw (Z-ia-kvIw cpKvanWn
kzbw-h-cw), XrXob kvIw; AKv\n]p-cmWw 277-mw A[ym-bw, {_mWvU
]pcm-Ww 54-mw A[ym-bw, cLp-hwiw
\memw kKw, ImXym-b-\s hmnIw, ]X-RvP-en-bpsS hymJym-\w,
sXmIm-nbw Xangv hymI-cW IrXn,
tIcf amlm-flyw, tIc-tfmn
AtimI N{I-hn-bpsS cmw inem
imk\w (_nkn 272-232), hntZi kmcn-I-fmb A_-dq-Wn, C-en-m-c-\mb
o\n, {Kop-Im-c-\mb tSmf-an, Ad_v
I-h-S-m-c-\mb kpsse-am Fn-hcpsS km-c-p-dn-p-I.

Xncp- - s Imn kwm\w

Xncp--sImn kwm\w \ne-hn hXv 1949 PqWn-em-Wv. \mpcm-Py--fmb Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-s\bpw sImn-tbbpw ebn-n-v
Hscm kwm-\-am-p--Xn\v tI{ a{n-bm-bn-cp kZm h`mbn ]t, hn ]n tat\ms\ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn \n-bn-p. Av
sImn cmPyw `cn-n-cp-Xv cma-h ]co-nv Xp-cm-\m-bn-cpp. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn {ioNn-n-c-Xn-cp-\m alm-cm-Pm-hp-am-bn-cpp. Ccp-cm-Py--fn-sebpw
cmPm--m-cp-ambpw P\-{]-Xn-\n[n-I-fp-ambpw N \S-n. Xncp-sImn eb\w 1948 PqWn
Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn {]Jym-]n-p.
Hcp Icm {]Imcw cv cmPy-sfbpw ebn-n-p-sImv
kwm-\-ambn \ne-hn hp.
sImn cmPmhv A[n-Im-c-sam-gn-bphn.]n. tat\m
Ibpw {io Nnn-c-Xn-cp-\m
Xncp--sImn kwm-\-ns
Xe-h-\p-am-bn-op. Xncp-hnXmw-Iq-dns {][m-\-a-{n-bm-bncp ]c-hq Sn sI \mcm-b-W]n Xncp--sImn kwm-\ns apJy-a-{n-bmbn Npa-Xe-tb-p. 1951- sXc-s-Sp-neqsS F.-sP. tPm apJy-a-{nbm-bn. 1954- ]w XmWp-]n F.-sP. tPm
apJy-a-{n-bm-bn.

tIc-f-ndhn
1956 \hw-_ Hv tIcfndhn Zn\w.
- n kwm\ ]p\:kwL-S\m
Cy ]me-sa v AwKo-Ic
mw-Iq, sImn, ae-_m Fo {]tZX
nh
p- nv Xnc
\nbaw A\p-kc
- n tIcf kwm\w \nei- Hn-p-tNv `mjm-Sn-m-\
hn hp.
- ns "Ht- v, CFw-Fk
-
j
1921-se kakvX tIcf kmlnXy ]cn
amXr-`qan
psS
ae-bm-fn-If
Im tImSn ae-bm-fn-I (1942), tIcfw
1947-
n

y[
nn km
(1948) Fo IrXn-I, sImn cmPm-h
- n-d
f
tIc
Iy
sF

bms
s
\S sFIy tIcf kt-f\w Ch
- bm-cp-n.
hnv hgns
n- n kwm\ ]p\:kwL-S\m In-
tI{ Khsa v \nba
mYv
\
b
lrZ

K-
bpsS sNbam ^k Aenbpw Aw
p-am--bn-cp-p.
c

n]W
w.
F
sI.
Zm
k
phpw
Jp{k
v sFIy tIcf
- p-cv sk{I-d- n-tb-n\v apn hmW
- ]
-
Xncp-h\
- v.
- W {]Jym-]\w \S-X
cq]o-Ic
sNmn BIvSnMv KhWd- mbn A[nIw
N
mh
ykX
p
- v. dmh
]n.-Fk
- m-Nmcn {]Ya
- v. cmLh
C.-Fk
Im-ct- a-p. BZy No^v sk{I-dn F.n-p. BIvSnMv
hmb
hv
c
D
ns
Z
mcmjv{S-]Xn tUm. cmtP{ {]k
w BcwbmK
- t- XmsS s]mXp-t
KhW tZiob ]XmI Dbnb
`np.
- n cmjv{S-]Xn `cWw Gs-
- n h tIcf
]pXp-Xmbn \neh
ns BZys KhW-dmbn

\
mSp-n. ]noSv tIcf kw
- n-p.
hn. cmaIrjvW dmhp-hns\ \nba
- t- mSv tNp.
q-v tIcf
Xme
mUv
tK
Imk
nse
-
IWm-SI
- vXo- t- m-Sv, AKk
h
hnf
w,
f
- p tXmhm-f, IpsX `mK
p

`mK
p
Ing
ns

- fbpw sIm
izcw Xmeq-p-Is
vXp.
- q-cpw Xang- v\m-Sn-t\mSv tNp-Ibpw sNb
sNtmbpw KqU

BZys Av Pn-I
Xncp-h\
-
- ]
- p-cw, sImw, tIm-bw, Xriq, ae-_m Fn-hbmWv
BZys Av Pn-I. ]no-SXv 14 Pn-If
- m-bn. Ghpw Ah-km\w
cq]o-Ic
- n Pn ImktKm-Um-Wv. 1984 tabv 24-\
- mWv Pn \ne-hn
h-Xv. 1957 P\p-hcn Hn\v ae-_m-dns\ ]me-m-Sv, tImgn-tm-Sv, Iq,
Fn-s\ aqv Pn-If
- mbn hn`-Pn-p.