CC CNG TRNH X L NIT V PHOSPHO

8.1 CNG NGH X L NIT

8.1.1 Kh Nit !"# Ph$"# Ph%& Si"h H'(
)* TRNH NITR+T, H-+
Di tc dng ca Nitrosomonas v Nitrobacter, qu trnh nitrate ha x ra theo cc !h"ng
trnh !hn #ng sau $%&
N'
(
) (*+,
+
N,
+
-
) '
)
) '
+
, ) sinh .h/i & Nitrosomonas
N,
+
-
) 0,
+
N,
(
-
) sinh .h/i & Nitrobacter
1c 2u t/ quan tr3ng nh h4ng $2n qu trnh nitrate ha&
- Nhi5t $67
- !'7
- N8ng $6 ox h9a tan :D,;7
- N'
<
)
v N,
+
-
- =,D
>
*?@NA
Bu trnh nitrate ha c thC thDc hi5n trong&
- '5 th/ng xE FG hi2u .hH vi vi sinh vIt tJng tr4ng F" FEng7
- '5 th/ng xE FG hi2u .hH vi vi sinh vIt tJng tr4ng dHnh bmA
?rong h5 th/ng '5 th/ng xE FG hi2u .hH vi vi sinh vIt tJng tr4ng F" FEng&
N'
<
)
) '1,
(
-
) <1,
+
) '
+
, 1
>
'
K
,
+
N ) >,
+
?rong h5 th/ng bLn hoMt tHnh hi2u .hH qu trnh nitrate ha bN hMn ch2 v mIt $6 vi sinh vIt
nitrate ha thO! h"n nhiPu so vi nhm vi sinh vIt hetero-tro!hsA 'a ni cch .hc, qu trnh
nirate ha tch riQng vi qu trnh .hE =,D
>
sR cho hi5u qu cao h"nA
>>N'
<
)
) KS,
+
) TUV'1,
(-
1
>
'
K
,
+
N ) ><N,
+
-
) >K'
+
, ) TU< '
+
1,
(
:T;
<UUN,
+
-
) N'
<
)
) <'
+
1,
(
) '1,
(
-
) TV>,
+
1
>
'
K
,
+
N ) ('
+
,
)
<UUN,
(
-
:+;
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N'
<
)
) T,W>>,
+
) T,VKV'1,
(
-
U,U+T1
>
'
K
,
+
N ) U,VKVN,
(
-
) T,U<T'
+
, ) T,WK<'
+
1,
(
?X !h"ng trnh trQn c thC xc $Nnh cYn .hong <,+( mg ,
+
$C ox ha T mg N-N'
<
)
ZC qu trnh nitrate ha x ra hi5u qu cYn&
- D, [ + mg*\7
- !' ] K,>-W,S
- Du tr $6 .iPm :W,S+ mg '1,
(
-
*mg N-N'
<
)
;
)* TRNH KH NITR+T,
T
- N,
(
-
N,
+
-
N, N
+
, N
+
- Bu trnh thi2u .hH
- !'o! ] K-W
- ^hi b_ sung $ ngu8n carbon&
) s`n c trong nc thi7
) b_ sung
."# 8.1 Ngu8n cung cO! carbon trong qu trnh .hE nitrate
Ngu8n carbon ?/c $6 .hE nitrate
:Fb N,
(
-
*Fb abbAd;
Nhi5t $6 :
o
1;
cethanoF U,+T-U,(+ +>
cethanoF U,T+-U,+U +U
Nc thi U,U(-U,TT T>-+K
?rao $_i chOt n6i bo U,UTK-U,U<W T+-+U
- ?/c $6 .hE nitrate&
de
DN
f d
DN

x T,UV
:?-+U;
:T-D,;
) de
DN
f ?/c $6 .hE nitrate
) d
DN
f ?/c $6 .hE nitrate $gc bi5t :Fb N,
(
-
*Fb abbAd;
) ? f Nhi5t $6 :
o1
;
) D, f N8ng $6 ox h9a tan trong nc thi :mg*\;
- Bu trnh& vi sinh vIt tJng tr4ng F" F4ng hogc dHnh bm
- 'ai h5 enhme tham gia vo qu trnh .hE nitrate&
Z8ng ha :assimiFator;& N,
(
-
N'
(
,

t_ng hi! t2 bo, .hi N-N,
(
-
F dMng nit" du nhOt
t8n tMi trong mji trkng
DN ha :dissimiFator; qu trnh .hE nitrate trong nc thiA
) Bu trnh $8ng ha&
(N,
(
-
) T<1'
(
,' ) 1,
+
) ('
)
(1
>
'
K
,
+
N ) '
+
,
) Bu trnh dN ha&
=c T& SN,
(
-
) +1'
(
,' SN,
+
-
) +1,
+
) <'
+
,
=c +& +N,
+
-
) (1'
(
,' (N
+
) (1,
+
) ('
+
, ) S,'
-
------------------------------------------------------------
SN,
(
-
) >1'
(
,' >1,
+
) (N
+
) K'
+
,

) S,'
-
) ?_ng qu trnh .hE nitrate&
N,
(
-
) T,UW1'
(
,'

) '
)
U,US>1
>
'
K
,
+
N ) U,<KN
+
) U,KS1,
+
) +,<<'
+
,
+
- Nhu cYu methanoF&
1m f +,<KN
U
) T,>(N
T
) U,WKD
U
) 1m f n8ng $6 methanoF Qu cYu :mg*\;
) N
U
f n8ng $6 N-N,
(
-
ban $Yu :mg*\;
) N
T
f n8ng $6 N-N,
+
-
ban $Yu :mg*\;
) D
U
f N8ng $6 ox h9a tan ban $Yu :mg*\;
- ?hjng s/ $6ng h3c qu trnh .hE nitrate
B."# 8./ ?hjng s/ $6ng h3c qu trnh .hE nitrate
'lng s/ Z"n vN @hong dao $6ng mi trN $gc trng

m
Ng
-T
U,(-U,V U,(
@s mg N-N,
(
-
*\ U,US-U,+U U,T
n mgabb*mgN-N,
(
-
U,<-U,V U,W
.d Ng
-T
U,U<-U,UW U,U<
K0T H1P )* TRNH NITR+T, H-+ V KH NITR+T,
23 4i56
- mim thC tHch .hH cYn cung cO! cho qu trnh nitrate ha v .hE =,D
>
7
- @hjng cYn b_ sung ngu8n carbon cho qu trnh .hE nitrate7
- mim cjng trnh Fong cho riQng mpi qu trnh7
- 1 .h nJng .hE SU-WUq t_ng Fing nit" trong nc thiA
H7"h 8.1 '5 th/ng .2t hi! nitrate ha v .hE nitrate < giai $oMnA
H7"h 8./ '5 th/ng .2t hi! nitrate ha v .hE nitrate blng m"ng ox haA
T8 9: t3;" h<="
(
Vung thieu
kh
KH NITRATE
Vung hieu kh
NITRATE HOA
Vung thieu
kh
KH NITRATE
Vung hieu kh
NITRATE HOA
NT
Tuan hoan bun + n!"
tha#i
$e%
&a'n
g
Tuan hoan bun
(a#
bun
NT
Vung hieu
kh
Vung thieu
kh
)a
!*
tho
%i
kh
$e%
&a'ng
Tuan
hoan
bun
(a#
bun
:N'
<
)
-N;
U
r :N'
<
)
-N;
e
s f ----------------------------- - T
:N,
(
-
-N;
e

- s f tt F5 tuYn hon :h
+
nc v bLn ) bLn tuYn hon;
- :N'
<
)
-N;
U
r :N'
<
)
-N;
e
f n8ng $6 ammonia trong N? trc v sau xE FG :mg*\;
- :N,
(
-
-N;
e
f n8ng $6 nitrate trong N? sau xE FG :mg*\;
Th>i #i?" 9$3 @A" BCi DEi F3% tG7"h "itG?tH hI? tG<"# h: thC"# JKt hL&

c
& ?hki gian Fu bLn $/i vi qt nitrate ha trong h5 th/ng c_ $iCn

c
e
f ---------
ahi2u
.hH
& tt F5 !hYn thC tHch hi2u .hH
N8ng $6 sinh .h/i trong thi2t bN& ?hki gian Fu nc vLng hi2u .hH&

c
A nA:b
U
r b;
c
e
A n
h
A :b
U
r b;
u f -----------------
a
f -----------------------
:T ) .d
c
; ua vT ) .
d
w
abb

ce
x

a
f t_ng thki gian Fu nc trong vLng hi2u .hH :ng;7
n
h
f h5 s/ thu hoMch $/i vi vi sinh vIt dN dyng :mgabb*mg=,D
>
; :thkngf U,>>;
b
U
-b f =,D bN .hE trong h5 th/ng :mg*F;
@
d
f h5 s/ t/c $6 !h%n h n6i bo :ng
-T
;
u
a
f c\abb :mg*\;
w
abb
f tt F5 !h%n h c\abb trong $iPu .i5n hi2u .hH
w
abb
e
w
abb
f -----------------------
T ) :T- w
abb
e
;.d
c
e
w
abb
e
f tt F5 !h%n h abb, dao $6ng trong .hong U,K> - U,WU
?hki gian Fu nc vLng thi2u .hH $ic c tHnh blng&
DN
f :T r ahi2u
.hH
;
a
?hki gian Fu nc $C thDc hi5n qu trnh .hE nitrate $ic tHnh theo cjng th#c sau&
N.hE
nitrate
& Fing nitrate bN .hE :mg*\;

DN
e
f -----------
d
DN
u
a
& d
DN
f t/c $6 .hE nitrate :ng
-T
;
N2u
DN
f

DN
e
hon tOt qu trnh tHnh tonA
N2u
DN

DN
e
gi sE FMi tt F5 thC tHch vLng hi2u .hH a
hi2u .hH
v tHnh FMiA
I TMP 8.1
?Hnh thki gian Fu nc vLng hi2u .hH v vLng thi2u .hH cYn thi2t czng nh tt F5 tuYn hon trong
thi2t bN nitrate ha v .hE nitrate .2t hi!, gi sE rlng&
- =,D ca nc thi trc xE FG f +UU mg*\
- N-N'
(
ca nc thi trc xE FG f +> mg*\
- N-N'
(
ca N? sau xE FG f T,> mg*\
<
- N-N,
(
ca N? sau xE FG f > mg*\
- Nhi5t $6 f T>
U
1
-
n
h
f U,>> mgabb*mg=,D
- .
d:T>
U
1;
f U,U< ng
{T
- d
DN:T>
U
1
f U,U<+ mg N-N,
(
*mgabbAd
- D, trong vLng hi2u .hH f +,U mg*F
- u
a
f +>UU mg*\
-
c
f W,V ng :$/i vi qu trnh nitrate ha;, a
hi2u .hH
f U,KT
- w
abb
e
f U,W
8.1./ Kh Nit !"# Ph$"# Ph%& HI? LN
- |! dng qu trnh trao $_i ion7
- ,x ha blng ha chOtA
8./ CNG NGH X L PHOSPHO
8./.1 Kh Ph<O&h< !"# Ph$"# Ph%& Si"h H'(
- }*,
- ^hobtri!
- b=s
H7"h 8.P '5 th/ng }*, :}naerobic*,xic;A
H7"h 8.Q '5 th/ng ^hobtri!A
>
H7"h 8.R '5 th/ng b=sA
b=s .hE carbon, nit" v !hos!hor&
- mii !hng ^ v tiQu th =,D & giai $oMn .~ .hH
- ?iQu th ^ & giai $oMn hi2u .hH
- 1hu . & (-+< gik &
."# 8.P ?hjng s/ thi2t .2 h5 th/ng .hE ^ blng !h"ng !h! sinh h3c
?hjng s/ Z"n vN Bu trnh
}*, ^hobtri! b=s
*c Ng
-T
U,+-U,K U,T-U,> U,T>-U,>
bs? :
c
; Ng
-T
+-+> TU-(U
c\bb mg*\ +AUUU-<AUUU SUU->AUUU +AUUU-(AUUU
's? :;& mik
- @~ .hH U,>-T,> W-T+ T,W-(,U
- 'i2u .hH T-( <-TU T,U-<,U
?uYn hon bLn hoMt tHnh q \u Fing xE FG +>-<U +U->U
?uYn hon nc q \u Fing xE FG TU-+U
8././ Kh Ph<O&h< !"# Ph$"# Ph%& HI? H'(
SNG VI
>1a
+)
) (^,
<
(-
) ,'
-
1a
>
:^,
<
;
(
:,';
cg
+)
) +,'
-
cg:,';
+
1a
+)
) 1,
(
+-
1a1,
(
BTNG PHUN NHV
}F
()
) ^,
<
()
}F^,
<
}F
()
) (,'
-
}F:,';
(
TNG PHUN SWT
e
()
) ^,
<
(-
e^,
<
e
()
) (,'
-
e:,';
(
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