V d 3: Vit biu thc KP i vi dung dch NaAx C

1
M v NaOH C
2
M
NaOH Na
+
+ OH

(1)
C
2
NaAx Na
+
+ Ax

(2)
C
1
- Mc khng: Ax

(C
1
), H
2
O.
- Cc qu trnh xy ra:
H
2
O H
+
+ OH

K
w
(3)
Ax

+ H
+
HAx K
1
a
(3)
Cn bng (3) cho proton v cn bng (4) nhn proton.
Ta c, KP: [H
+
] = [OH

]
(3)
- [HAx] (*)
M: [OH

] = [OH

]
(dung dch)
= [OH

]
(1)
+ [OH

]
(3)
[OH

]= C
2
+ [OH

]
(3)
[OH

]
(3)
= [OH

]- C
2
(**)
Thay (**) vo (*) ta c biu thc KP:
[H
+
] = [OH

]- C
2
- [HAx]
V d 4: Vit biu thc KP i vi dung dch HAx C
1
M v NaAx C
2
M
NaAx Na
+
+ Ax

(1)
C
2
- Mc khng: HAx (C
1
), H
2
O.
- Cc qu trnh xy ra:
H
2
O H
+
+ OH

K
w
(2)
HAx H
+
+ Ax

K
a
(3)
C : C
1
C
2
Trong dung dch c 2 cn bng cho proton (2) v (3).
Ta c, KP: [H
+
] = [OH

] + [Ax

]
(3)
(*)
M: [Ax

]= [Ax

]
(dung dch)
= [Ax

]
(1)
+ [Ax

]
(3)
[Ax

]= C
2
+ [Ax

]
(3)
[Ax

]
(3)
= [Ax

]- C
2
(**)
Thay (**) vo (*) ta c biu thc KP:
[H
+
] = [OH

]+ [Ax

]- C
2
(***)
- Nu chn mc khng l Ax

(C
2
), H
2
O, tng t nh trn ta c:
[H
+
] = [OH

]- [HAx]+ C
1
(****)
T hp (***) v (****) ta s thu c biu thc ca LBTNB:
C
1
+ C
2
= [HAx] + [Ax

]
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