CHNG I: NGUYEN T

THANH PHAN NGUYEN T

I/ MUC TIEU BAI HOC:
1/ Kien thc: hoc sinh biet:
- Thanh phan c ban cua nguyen t gom : vo nguyen
t va hat nhan. Vo nguyen t gom cac hat electron.
Hat nhan gom hat proton va hat ntron.
- Khoi lng va ien tch cua e,p,n.Kch thc va khoi
lng rat nho cua nguyen t
2/ K nang:
- HS tap nhan xet va rut ra cac ket luan0 t cac th
nghiem viet trong SGK.
A
HS biet s dung cac n v o lng nh: u,vt, nm,
Tiet 3

II/ PHNG PHAP DAY HOC: nghien cu, neu va giai quyet
van e , hoi ap tm toi kham pha
III/ CHUAN B: phong to hnh 1.3 va 1.4 trong SGK hoac thiet
ke tren may tnh
IV/ CAC HOAT ONG DAY HOC :
HOAT ONG CUA THAY
HOAT ONG CUA TRO

 Hoat ong 1:
GV at van e: Cac chat eu
c tao nen t nhng hat cc
k nho be khong the phan chia
c na, o la nguyen t.
ieu o con ung na hay
khong?
I/ Thanh phan cau tao nguyen t:
Hoat ong 2:
1/ Electron:
a/ S tm ra electron:GV treo hnh 1.3
(SGK) len bang, dan dat hoc
sinh tm hieu th nghiem cua
Tom-xn theo cach day hoc
neu van e:
-GV mo ta cau tao thiet b
phong ien qua ong a hut
het khong kh, thanh thuy
tinh phat sang. T hien
tng xay ra, ta rut ra c
ieu g ?
- GV at van e:vay tia am
cc co phai la vat chat co
thc hay khong, lam sao
chng minh c no?
- GV mo ta th nghiem: at
chong chong tren ng i
cua tia am cc, th thay
chong chong quay
- GV at van e: Hat vat
chat co trong tia am cc co
mang ien hay khong? Mang
ien dng hay ien am.
Lam the nao chng minh
c ieu nay?
-GV mo ta th nghiem: tia
am cc b lech ve pha ien
cc dng
-GV bo sung: Nhng hat tao
thanh tia am cc goi la
electron, k hieu la e
b/ Khoi lng va ien tch electron
2/ S tm ra hat nhan nguyen t :
Hoat ong 3:
GV at van e: Nguyen t

HS oc SGK vai net lch s

trong quan niem ve nguyen
t thi e-mo-crit

HS quan sat hien tng , rut

ra ket luan :
Tia am cc la 1 trong cac
chng c chng to nguyen
t co cau tao phc tap
HS rut ra ket luan:
Tia am cc la chum hat
vat chat co thc chuyen
ong rat nhanh
HS quan sat tranh va nghe GV
mo ta TN, roi rut ra ket
luan :
Tia am cc la chum hat mang
ien am, goi la electron, k
hieu la e

HS oc va ghi nh so lieu
trong SGK
me= 9.1094 .10 -31kg
qe= - 1.602 10 -19 C ( qui c
bang 1-)

trung hoa ve ien, vay nguyen

t a co phan t mang ien
am la electron thi at phai co
phan mang ien dng. Phan
mang ien dng nay phan tan
trong ca nguyen t hay tap
trung mot vung nao o cua
nguyen t ? Lam the nao e
chng minh ?
GV mo ta TN hnh 1.4 SGK , cho
hoc sinh oc li giai thch
SGK va nhan manh cac y:
Nguyen t phai cha phan
mang ien dng tam la hat
nhan, co khoi lng ln nhng
kch thc rat nho so vi kch
thc cua ca nguyen t
3/ Cau tao cua hat nhan nguyen
t:
Hoat ong 4:
at van e: hat nhan nguyen
t la phan t khong con
phan chia c na hay hat
nhan c cau tao t nhng
hat nho hn. Lam the nao e
chng minh ?
GV: mo ta TN va ghi P len
bang:
14
7

N+ He H + O
4
2

1
1

17
8

Be + 42 He 01n + 126C
II/ Kch thc va khoi lng
nguyen t :
Hoat ong 5:
1/ Kch thc:
GV hng dan HS nghien cu
SGK e tm hieu kch thc cua
nguyen t
Hoat ong 6:
2/ Khoi lng:
GV lu y HS : e bieu th khoi
lng cua nguyen t,phan t
va cac hat proton, notron,
electron, ngi ta dung n v
9
4

HS quan sat TN tren hnh va

giai thch tai sao co 1 so hat
i thang , 1 so b chech
hng, 1 so b bat tr lai?
T o rut ra ket luan:
Nguyen t co cau tao rong.
Xung quanh hat nhan co cac
electron tao nen vo nguyen t.
So n v ien tch dng cua
hat nhan ung bang so
electron quay quanh nhan. Khoi
lng nguyen t hau nh tap
trung hat nhan
HS: oc th nghiem tm ra hat
proton va hat ntron SGK,
roi rut ra ket luan :
Hat nhan nguyen t c tao
thanh bi cac proton va
notron. V ntron khong mang
ien, so proton trong hat nhan
phai bang so n v ien tch
dng cua hat nhan va bang
so electron quay quanh hat nhan
H S can ghi nh:
Nguyen t cua cac nguyen
to khac nhau co kch thc
khac nhau
ng knh cua nguyen t
khoang 10 -1 nm. ng knh cua
hat nhan nguyen t con nho
hn vao khoang 10 -5 nm . ng
knh cua proton va electron con
nho hn nhieu, khoang 10 -8 nm
HS oc SGK va ke bang 1
SGK

khoi lng nguyen t, k hieu

la u,( u c goi la vC
1
1 u bang
khoi lng cua
12
mot nguyen t ong v
cacbon :
1u =

19.9265 . 1027kg
= 1.6605.1027 kg
12

Hng dan giai bai tap trong SGK:

- Bai 1: ap an B ( proton va ntron )
- Bai 2 : ap an D ( n, p, e )
- Bai 3: ap so la C ( 600 m )
Bai tap nha: bai 4,5 SGK trang 9 va bai 1.3 sach bai
tap trang 3