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The concept of ﺣﹷﺎﻝin ﻧﹷﺤﹿﻮis used to answer the question “How” or “in what condition”. Thus,
ﺣﹷﺎﻝis the adjective which describes the state of the ﻓﺎﻋﹻﻞor ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝor both. It is always in the state of
ﻧﺼﺐ. Additionally, the one being described by the condition is called ﺫﹸﻭﺍﻟﹿﺤﹷﺎﻝ.
• ( ﺟﹻﺌﹿﺖﹸ ﺯﻳﹿﺪﺍﹰ ﻧﹷﺎﺋﹻﻤﺎﹰI came to Zaid while he was sleeping). Here the word ﻧﹷﺎﺋﹻﻤﺎﹰis the
• ( ﻛﹷﻠﳲﻤﹿﺖﹸ ﺯﻳﹿﺪﺍﹰ ﺟﺎﻟﹻﺴﹷﻴﹿﻦﹺI talked to Zaid while we were both sitting). Here the word
It is essential to have a connector between the ﺣﹷﺎﻝand the ﺫﹸﻭﺍﻟﹿﺤﹷﺎﻝ. Sometimes this connector is
depicted by using a ﻭand at other times it is simply the ﺿﹷﻤﹻﻴﺮﹾhidden within the verb. For example,
we can say ﺟﹷﺎﺀﹶ ﺯﹶﻳﹿﺪﹲ ﻳﹷﻀﹿﺤﹷﻚﹸor
ﺟﹷﺎﺀﹶ ﺯﹶﻳﹿﺪﹲ ﻭﹶ ﻫﹹﻮﹶ ﻳﹷﻀﹿﺤﹷﻚﹸ. In both the cases it means Zaid came laughing. However, the first
sentence is the case where the connector is the hidden ﻫﹹﻮﹶinside the verb whereas in the second
ﺣﹷﺎﻝhas to be ﻧﹷﻜﹻﺮﻩ, it cannot be ﻣﻌﹿﺮﹺﻓﻪ. On the other hand, even though ﺫﹸﻭﺍﻟﹿﺤﹷﺎﻝ
is usually ﻣﻌﹿﺮﹺﻓﻪbut if it has to come as ﻧﹷﻜﹻﺮﻩthen the structure has to change and the ﺣﹷﺎﻝhas to
Also, ﺣﹷﺎﻝcan be a sentence as well: If it is a ﺟﹹﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﹺﺳﻤﹻﻴﳲﻪthen a ﻭis added to give the meaning of
condition e.g.
ٰ( ﻻﹶ ﺗﹷﻘﹿﺮﹶﺑﹹﻮﹾﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﳲﻠٰﻮﺓﹶ ﻭﹶ ﺍﹶﻧﹿﺘﹹﻢﹾ ﺳﹹﻜٰﺮﻯDo not come near the prayers when you are intoxicated); if
it is a ﺟﹹﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﹻﻌﹿﻠﹻﻴﹽﺔand the ﻓﹻﻌﹿﻞis in ﻣﹷﺎﺿﹻﻰthen a ﻗﹷﺪﹾhas to appear before the ﻓﹻﻌﹿﻞe.g.
Hopefully this very brief introduction to the concept of ﺣﹷﺎﻝwill be sufficient for the students of