1-2014

Cu 1:
1. X, Y l 2 ng v ca nguyn t R.
X c s khi l 24 vC. ng v Y hn X 1 ntron. T l s nguyn t ca 2 ng v
X v Y l 3:2.
Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca nguyn t R.
2. Nguyn t A c tng s ht l 115. S ht c in tch nhiu hn s ht
khng khng in tch l 25 ht.
a. Xc nh nguyn t A.
b. A c 2 ng v, ng v th 2 c s ntron nhiu hn s ntron ca ng
v th nht l 2. ng v 1 chim 50%. Tnh s khi ca mi ng v.
Cu 2:
1. a) Cho cc phn t H2SO3, H2SO4, HNO3, H2CO3. Vit cng thc cu to v ch
r bn cht ca cc lin kt hnh thnh trong phn t.
b) Cho cc ion: O2- ; IO3- ; NO3- ; SO42- . Vit cng thc cu to ca mi ion .
Cu 3:
1. Hp cht N to thnh t cation X + v anion Y2-. Mi ion c 5 nguyn t ca 2
nguyn t to nn. Tng s proton trong X+ l 11, cn tng s electron trong Y2- l 50.
Xc nh cng thc phn t ca N, bit nguyn t trong Y 2- thuc cng 1 phn
nhm, 2 chu k lin tip.
2. Mt hn hp gm NaHCO3 v Na2CO3 c khi lng 14,8 gam. Thm t t dung
dch HCl 0,5M vo hn hp n khi khng cn kh thot ra na thy ht 0,5 lt.
a) Tnh khi lng mi mui trong hn hp.
b) Kh thot ra th nghim trn dn ht vo bnh cha 15 lt dung dch
Ca(OH)2 (cha 0,74 gam Ca(OH)2 trong 1 lt dung dch). Tnh khi lng kt ta to
thnh.
Cu 4:
1. Cho phn ng tng hp NH3:
N2 + 3H2
2NH3 ;
H = -104,9 kJ.
0
-5
Ti 500 C c hng s cn bng KP = 1,44.10 .
a. Nu cc bin php k thut cn thit qu trnh sn xut NH3 trong cng nghip t hiu qu cao
nht.
b. Nu ban u cho vo bnh kn c V = 10 lt hn hp gm 5 mol N 2 v 15 mol H2 c Ni xc tc, nhit
trong bnh l 5000C. Tnh hiu sut cc i ca phn ng.
Cu 5:
1. Cho H2CO3 (CO2 + H2O) c pK1 = 6,35 v pK2 = 10,33. Tnh Vml dunh dch HCl c pH = 1 cn dng
phn ng va vi 100 ml dung dch Na2CO3 c pH = 12.
2. Tnh tan ca Ag2S trong H2O 250C. Bit rng H2S c pK1 = 7,24 v pK2 = 12,92, tch s tan ca
Ag2S l 1,6.10-49.
Cu 6:
1. A, B, C, D l cc cht kh u lm mt mu dung dch Br 2. Khi i qua nc brm, A to thnh cht kh
c s mol bng na s mol A; B to thnh cht lng khng trn ln vi nc; C to ra kt ta vng cn D
to dung dch trong sut. Cho bit A, B, C, D l cht g? vit phng trnh phn ng.
2. Mt mu kh A to thnh t my to ozon. Cho 1lit kh A (ktc) li t t qua dung dch KI d c dung
dch B. Thm h tinh bt vo dung dch B ri nh t t dung dch Na2S2O3 0,05M n khi hn hp va
mt mu ht 10ml. Tnh hm lng ozon trong mu theo th tch.
Cu 7: t chy hon ton 12 gam mt sunfua kim loi M ho tr II thu c cht rn A v kh B. Ho tan
ht A bng lng va dung dch H 2SO4 24,5% thu c dung dch mui c nng l 33,33%, lm
lnh dung dch ny ti nhit thp thy tch ra 15,625 gam mui T, phn dung dch bo ho c nng
22,54%.
a. Tm kim loi M.
b. Xc nh cng thc ca mui T.

c. un nng kh B vi H2O trong ng hn kn 1500C thy thot ra cht rn mu vng. Vit phng
trnh phn ng gii thch.
Cu 8:
1. Hn hp A gm bt S v Mg. un nng A trong iu kin khng c khng kh, sau lm ngui v cho
sn phm tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c 2,987 lit kh B c t khi so vi khng kh bng
0,8966. t chy ht kh B, sau cho ton b sn phm vo 100ml H 2O2 5% (D = 1g/mL) thu c
dung dch D. Xc nh % khi lng cc cht trong A v nng % cc cht to ra trong dung dch D.
Cho th tch cc cht kh o iu kin tiu chun.
2. Hm lng cho php ca tp cht lu hunh trong nhin liu l 0,30%. Ngi ta t chy hon ton
100,0 gam mt loi nhin liu v dn sn phm chy (gi thit ch c CO 2, SO2 v hi nc) qua dung
dch KMnO4 5,0.10-3M trong H2SO4 th thy th tch dung dch KMnO 4 phn ng va ht vi lng
sn phm chy trn l 625 ml. Hy tnh ton xc nh xem nhin liu c c php s dng hay
khng?
Cu 9: Hp cht M c to thnh t cation X+ v anion Y2, mi ion u to bi 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn
t khc nhau. Tng s proton trong X+ l 11 cn tng s electron trong Y2 l 50. Bit 2 nguyn t to nn Y2
u thuc cng mt nhm A v thuc 2 chu k k tip. Hy xc nh cng thc v gi tn M.
Cu 10: X, Y, R, A, B theo th t l 5 nguyn t lin tip trong bng tun hon c tng s in tch ht nhn
l 90 (X c in tch ht nhn nh nht).
a) Tm X, Y, R, A, B v cc s proton tng ng.
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca X2, Y, R, A+, B2+ v so snh bn knh ca chng. Gii thch.
So snh nng lng ion ha I1 ca 5 nguyn t trn. Gii thch.
c) Trong phn ng oxiha kh X2, Y th hin tnh cht g? V sao?
d) Cho dung dch A2X vo dung dch phn chua KAl(SO4)2.12H2O thy c kt ta v c kh thot ra. Vit
phng trnh phn ng.
2-2014
Cu 1: Cn bng cc phn ng oxi ha-kh sau bng phng php thng bng electron:
a. K2SO3 + KMnO4 + KHSO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O
b. FexSy + HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + H2SO4 + NxOy + H2O
Cho
A bit y > 1,5 x
Cu 2 : Hnh bn l thit b dng iu ch mt s kh trong
phng th nghim.
Nu nguyn tc chung iu ch kh C bng thit b
ny, ly th d 4 kh c th. Xc nh cc cht A, B
tng ng v vit cc phng trnh ho hc.

Cu 3: Hn hp NaI v NaBr ha tan vo nc thu c dung dch A. Cho brm va vo dung dch A thu
c mui X c khi lng nh hn khi lng ca hn hp mui ban u l a gam. Ho tan X vo nc thu
c dung dch B, sc kh clo va vo dung dch B, thu c mui Y c khi lng nh hn khi lng
ca mui X l a gam.
Xc nh % theo khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp mui ban u.
Cu 4: Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau:
NaCl tt + H2SO4 c nng (A) + (B)
(A) + MnO2 (C) + (D) + (E)
(C) + NaBr (F) + (G)
(F) + NaI (H) + (I)
(G) + AgNO3 (J) + (K)
as
(J)
(L) + (C)
(A) + NaOH (G) + (E)
C
(C) + NaOH 100(G)
+ (M) + (E)
Cu 5 : Kh O2 c ln cc kh Cl2 , HCl , H2O , CO2. Lm th no thu c oxi tinh khit.
o

Cu 6:Thm 1,9 g MnO2 vo 172,5 g hn hp mui KCl v KClO 3. Trn k v un nng hn hp n phn
ng hon ton, thu c cht rn cn nng 136 g. Hy tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca
cc cht trong hn hp mui dng.
Cu 7: t chy hon ton a gam S bng oxi ri cho sn phm sc qua 200 ml dung dch NaOH b M thu
c dung dch X. Chia X lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng vi dung dch CaCl 2 d thy xut
hin c gam kt ta. Phn 2 tc dng vi dung dch nc vi d thy xut hin d gam kt ta. Bit d > c. Tm
biu thc quan h gia a v b.
Cu 8: Hp cht M c to thnh t cation X+ v anion Y2, mi ion u to bi 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn
t khc nhau. Tng s proton trong X+ l 11 cn tng s electron trong Y2 l 50. Bit 2 nguyn t to nn Y2
u thuc cng phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k k tip. Hy xc nh cng thc v gi tn M.
Cu 9 :
1) Hy cho bit kiu lin kt v trnh by s to thnh lin kt trong cc phn t sau :
a) CO ; b) SO2 ; c) NO2 ; d) N2O4 ; e) HNO3 ; f) N2O.
2
2
2) Gii thch s to thnh phn t SiF4 v ion Si F6 . C th tn ti phn t CF4 v ion C F6 c khng?
Ti sao ?
3) C hn hp kh N2 v H2 150C. Hn hp c p sut l p1. Sau khi dn hn hp i qua cht xc tc
nung nng thu c hn hp kh cha NH3 , p sut ca n 6630C l
p2 = 3p1 . Khi lng ring ca hn hp kh ny ( ktc) l 0,399g/lit. Hy tnh hiu sut
iu ch kh NH3 (theo s lng l thuyt thu c).
Cu 10 :
1) M t cc hin tng xy ra, vit phng trnh phn ng di dng phn t v ion (thu gn) i vi cc
th nghim sau :
a) Sc kh CO2 vo bnh ng nc vi trong ti d.
b) Sc kh SO2 vo bnh dng nc Brom ti d.
c c) Cho t t dung dch HCl c vo bnh ng mt t thuc tm.
d d) Sc kh H2S vo bnh ng dung dch FeCl3 .
e) Sc kh NH3 vo bnh ng nc Brom ti d NH3.
e f) Sc t t kh CO2 vo bnh ng dung dch Na2CO3
f g) Sc kh SO2 vo bnh ng dung dch Na2CO3
g h) Cho mt t ru etylic vo bnh ng dung dch K2Cr2O7 v H2SO4
h i) Sc khng kh vo nc t nhin cha Fe(HCO3)2
i j) Sc khng kh ng thi thm nc vi trong vo nc t nhin cha Fe(HCO3)2.
2) C 2 cc : cc A ng dung dch cha 0,2mol Na 2CO3 v 0,3 mol NaHCO3; cc B ng dung dch cha
0,5mol HCl.
Th nghim 1 : rt t t cc B vo cc A.
Th nghim 2 : rt t t cc A vo cc B.
Th nghim 3 : trn 2 cc vi nhau.
Tnh th tch kh (o ktc) thot ra ng vi tng th nghim trn sau khi ht cc ny vo cc kia
3-2014
Cu 1 :
1) Tnh pH ca :
1 a) Nc ct cn bng vi CO 2 ca kh quyn, bit rng khi nng CO 2 trong dung dch l 1,3.10-5
mol/lit
b) Dung dch trn (cu a) sau khi trung ha bng NaOH n pH = 7 ri li n cn bng vi CO 2
ca khng kh.
Cho bit H2CO3 c K1 = 10-6,35 ; K2 = 10-10,32.
2) a) Cn bng phng trnh phn ng : FeO + HNO3 ----> NxOy + ...
T suy lun tm h s ca phng trnh phn ng : Fe3O4 + HNO3 ----> NxOy + ...
b) Cn bng phn ng v cho nhn xt v cc h s ca phng trnh :
CuFeS2 + Fe2(SO4)3 + O2 + H2O ----> CuSO4 + FeSO4 + H2SO4
Cu 2 :
1) Cho cc dung dch mui sau y, trong nng mi dung dch c 0,1M :
a) NaCl ; b) K2SO4 ; c) Na3PO4 ; d) NH4Cl ; g) Fe(NO3)3 ; h) Al(NO3)3

Cho bit hin tng xy ra khi nhng giy qu tm vo tng dung dch trn. Gii thch bng cc qu trnh
ha hc cc hin tng .
2) Trong phng th nghim c dung dch A cha cc cation Ag+ , Pb2+ , Ba2+ , Al3+ , Fe3+ , Cu2+ , Zn2+ v cc
dung dch thuc th : HCl long, HNO3long, H2SO4 long, NaOH long, Na2S long, dung dch NH3. Hy
trnh by phng php ha hc tch v nhn bit cc cation trong dung dch A.
Cu 3 :
Ha tan ht 4,08gam hn hp A gm mt kim loi v oxit ca n ch c tnh baz trong lng va Vml
dung dch HNO3 (4M) thu c dung dch B v 0,672lit kh NO duy nht (ktc). Thm vo B lng d
NaOH, lc, ra kt ta thu c. Nung kt ta nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht
rn C. Ly 1gam C, ha tan ht 1 gam C ny phi dng lng va l 25ml HCl 1M.
1) Xc nh kim loi v oxit ca n trong A. Tnh % theo khi lng mi cht trong A.
2) Tnh V v m.
Cu 4:
1. Cn bng cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau theo phng php thng bng electron:
a) H2S + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 S + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O
b) Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NO + N2O + H2O
( t l mol NO : N2O = 2 : 1 )
c) Cu2FeSx + O2 Cu2O + Fe3O4 + SO2
2. Cho m gam dung dch HCl nng C% tc dng ht vi mt lng hn hp kim loi K v
Mg
( dng d ) thy khi lng H2 bay ra l 0,05m gam. Tnh C% ca dung dch HCl.
Cu 5:
1. Mui n c ln tp cht l Na2SO4, MgCl2, CaCl2, CaSO4, v BaSO4. Trnh by phng php ho hc
thu c mui n tinh khit.
2. Kh A tc dng vi dung dch B c mu nu thu c kt ta mu vng v dung dch b nht mu.
Cn khi cho kh A tc dng vi dung dch C thu c dung dch D. Cho BaCl2 vo dung dch D thu
c kt ta trng khng tan trong axit mnh. Xc nh kh A, dung dch B, C, D v vit phng
trnh phn ng.
Cu 6:
Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion sau: S2- ( Z = 16); Cr3+ ( Z = 24 ); Fe2+, Fe3+ ( Z = 26 )
Cu 7:
Hp cht A c to thnh t cc ion M+ v X22-. Trong phn t A c tng s ht proton, notron, electron
bng 164, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 52 ht. S khi ca M ln hn
s khi ca X l 23 n v. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong M+ nhiu hn trong ion X22- l 7
ht.
a. Xc nh cc nguyn t M, X cng thc phn t ca A.
b. Cho A tc dng vi nc. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v trnh by phng php ho hc
nhn bit tng sn phm.
c. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch HCl c sn phm A. Hi A c tnh oxi ho hay tnh kh. Cho phn
ng minh ha.
Cu 8:
A l dung dch c ho tan 0,543 gam mui cha oxi ca clo vi kim loi kim. Cho dung dch H2SO4
long, d vo A sau cho dung dch KI vo cho n khi lng iot thot ra ht. Khi lng iot thu c
l 3,048 gam. Khi nhit phn hon ton lng mui trn thu c m gam mui khan.
a. Tm cng thc phn t ca mui trong A.
b. Tnh m?
Cu 9
Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long, d. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c 9,12 gam mui FeSO4 v
m gam Fe2(SO4)3. Tnh m?
Cho: Fe = 56, O = 16, S =32, H = 1, I = 127, Li = 7, Na = 23, K = 39, Rb = 85, Cs = 133, Cl = 35,5.
Cu 10:
Ba hp cht hu c A, B, C u c thnh phn gm C, H , N. Trong A thnh phn % v khi lng ca N l
45,16% , trong B l 23,73% , trong C l 15,05%. C A, B, C khi tc dng vi HCl ch to ra mui dng RNH3Cl.

1) Tm cng thc ca A, B, C.
2) Khi A tc dng vi H2O, HCl th th hin tnh Baz; gii thch nguyn nhn gy ra tnh baz ca A.
3) Cho C tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 (khng un nng); vi dung dch CH3COOH ; vi dung dch Brom.
Hy vit phng trnh cc phn ng v gii thch ti sao C tc dng d dng vi dung dch Brm.
4) Hn hp gm C , C6H6 , C6H5OH , bng phng php ho hc hy tch ring cc cht trong hn hp trn