Introduction To Statistics

Statistics :-
Statistics is a discipline of study dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation,
and presentation of data.

Types Of Statistics :-
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics

Descriptive Statistics :-
The use of graphs, charts, and tables and the calculation of various statistical
measures to organize and summarize information is called descriptive statistics.
It help to reduce our information to a manageable size and put it into focus.
Inferential Statistics: Population And Sample :-
Inferential statistics consists of techniques for reaching conclusions about a
population based upon information contained in a sample.
The complete collection of individuals, items, or data under consideration in a
statistical study is referred to as the population.
The portion of the population selected for analysis is called the sample.
Variable, Observation, And Data Set
A characteristic of interest concerning the individual elements of a population or a
sample is called a variable.
A variable is often represented by a letter such as x, y, or z.
The value of a variable for one particular element from the sample or population is
called an Observation.
A data set consists of the observations of a variable for the elements of a sample.

Quantitative Variable: Discrete And Continuous Variable
A quantitative variable is determined when the description of the characteristic of
interest results in a numerical value. When a measurement is required to describe the
characteristic of interest or it is necessary to perform a count to describe the
characteristic, a quantitative variable is defined.
A discrete variable is a quantitative variable whose values are countable. Discrete
variables usually result from counting.
A continuous variable is a quantitative variable that can assume any numerical
value over an interval or over several intervals. A continuous variable usually
results from making a measurement of some type.
Qualitative Variable

A qualitative variable is determined when the description of the
characteristic of interest results in a non-numerical value. A qualitative
variable may be classified into two or more categories.
Levels Or Scales Of Measurement
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio