The brain and central nervous system

Cortex- the outer layer of the cerebrum (the cerebral cortex ), composed of folded grey
matter and playing an important role in consciousness.
Cerebellum - the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates, which coordinates
and regulates muscular activity.
Brain stem - the central trunk of the mammalian brain, consisting of the medulla oblongata,
pons, and midbrain, and continuing downwards to form the spinal cord.
Medulla - the inner region of an organ or tissue, especially when it is distinct from the outer
region or cortex (as in a kidney, an adrenal gland, or hair).
Pons, hypothalamus, pituitary, thalamus glands - an organ in the human or animal body
which secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the
surroundings.

The right side of the brain controls muscles on the left side of the body and the left side of the
brain controls muscles on the right side of the body. Also, in general, sensory information from
the left side of the body crosses over to the right side of the brain and information from the right
side of the body crosses over to the left side of the brain. Therefore, damage to one side of the
brain will affect the opposite side of the body.
Left Hemisphere
Language
Math
Logic
Right Hemisphere
Spatial abilities
Face recognition
Visual imagery
Music
Once a memory is created, it must be stored (no matter how briefly). Many experts think there are
three ways we store memories: first in the sensory stage; then in short-term memory; and ultimately,
for some memories, in long-term memory. Because there is no need for us to maintain everything in
our brain, the different stages of human memory function as a sort of filter that helps to protect us from
the flood of information that we're confronted with on a daily basis
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You probably think of your nervous system as a kind of computer network, or some
kind of electrical system that passes nerve impulses around. But in reality, the
miraculous journey of a signal thorough your nervous system is a story that involves
cell biology, chemistry and physics. Your brain contains 30 billion neurons, and each
of them is a staggering achievement.
Nervous system
All body parts are kept working together through the nervous system. There are 2 main parts of this
system: 1-the central nervous system: the control centre for the whole body, which consists of the
brain and the spinal cord.
2- The peripheral nervous system: contains all the nerves that connect the central nervous system
to the rest of the body.
Nerves
The many parts of our body are connected by nerves. Thin, white cord- like nerves along high signals
travels; consist of bundles of hundreds and thousands of long thin cells called neurones. These cells
are organised into a clever system that is very fast indeed. They send along electrical impulses
throughout the whole body.
Neurone
Long thin strands reach out from the cell body. One of these strands is usually longer than
the other. This is called an axon. It conducts impulses away from the cell body. The shorter
strands are called dendrites and accept signals from other neurones, carrying them toward the body.
There are billions of neurons in the body. This is important because we cannot grew new neurons in
the body. Once destroyed they are gone forever.