Editorial Guidelines

for FNF publications

Islamabad, 1
st
of July 2010
Except for the name of our foundation the following rules are international rules applied in all scientific texts. But
experience shows that it is necessary to highlight them once again in order to avoid additional work for author and
editor alike. Accordingly, please observe these rules as no text can and will be published by FNF if not in alliance
with this our quality standard.
1 Legal & Good manners
It is the task of the author to deliver a printable manuscript. A service agreement will be signed from
both sides forehand. The Copyright of the publication will be with FNF. The final draft of the pub-
lication must be submitted to FNF for its final approval before it goes for printing. Besides you will
share the soft copy version of the final dummy of the publication in (PDF and word) to be used for
uploading on the website.
The publication must include the following statement:
This publication has been produced in partnership with the Friedrich-Naumann-
Stiftung fr die Freiheit. The contents of this publication are the responsibility of
__________ (partner name)."
The publication shall display the logo of the Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung fr die Freiheit.
If you publish in the name of Friedrich Naumann Foundation you guarantee that youre the author
of the manuscript delivered. So to speak, it must be an original article that you wrote. You guarantee
that this publication in no way violates any existing copyright, and that the publication contains no
parts to which any third party may hold legally valid or protected objection. Legal consequences of
plagiarism or any violation of intellectual property rights will follow. Furthermore, the author agrees
to indemnify FNF and to hold the FNF harmless from all actions, claims and demands that may
result from this publication as a consequence, for instance, of infringement of an existing copyright
or of containing any libellous or scandalous material. Besides: bear in mind that your overall credibil-
ity as a person is lost in theses cases. In other terms: No Copy&Paste except for short quotations
with references.
Though you are the author, please do not use your name, first person, too often. It is a sensible
thing to write your opinion in a scientific report by using the first person and not sounding like an
autobiographical novelist. Try using the third person but beware of using the impersonal pronoun
one.
The Internet eases our work a lot. Nonetheless, Wikipedia and other websites are not sources.
Consequently, you can not refer to them. Please make the effort and go to your book shelf and use
renowned books.
It is highly recommended to share a list of addressees you would like to have copies of your work
sent to.
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2 Format
A normal Word Document mailed to us will do it. Dont use fancy fonts or try to format in a special
way. Just use the Windows Standard. All the design will have to do the layout man anyhow. In case
you have special wishes just let us, but mostly our partner organisations and ourselves have a corpo-
rate design by which the layout is defined already.
For the proper use of Microsoft (MS) Word you might learn from the following webpage:
http://learnthat.com/1999/05/microsoft-word-97-tutorial/
Typography helps to make text structure visible. Structured text helps the reader to understand the
idea. Consequently, structure your text by headings not more then three levels. If you as an author
are not clear about the structure, youre clear about your ideas. For example: Heading 1 is bigger
than heading 2, the content of the sub chapter more specific.
Please apply headings by style sheets (Format>Style sheet>heading 1 etc.) according to their level.
Dont let your heading pretend to be a heading by increasing font size and boldness (Thus it still
remains normal or Standard style though it looks like.)
A paragraph mark () is named paragraph mark because it marks a paragraph. It is not
named like this because it increases line spacing. Line spacing is increased directly (For-
mat>Paragraph) or the style sheet is adopted accordingly. So: Never press double [return]!
NB: A paragraph mark serves as control character for professional print computers. Useless
marks have to be deleted by hand by the printer.
More than two different fonts do look very odd. Normally, a publication should have only one (if
you make exceptions use maximum two). The second one should only be used for special occasions.
Please be consistent in the use!
Take care that the fonts used in the articles are consistent, take fonts used in the template also for
the headings and subheading. No new fronts should appear here!
Dont try to make your article more interesting by using italics and bold in every row and avoid us-
ing italic bold; but use italics for every non-English word.
Paper size: For good reasons we use A4 (210 x 297 mm) for manuscripts. No letter size or other
nonsense is recommended. The final paper size of the publication will be applied by designer and
printer.
Tables: In general, tables should be self explanatory and should highlight a point of your argumen-
tation. Tables and/or figures should be numbered sequentially and have a title (title should describe
the objectives and shown variables of the table). Please layout tables by using word processing for-
mats such as win words, power point, or equivalent share/free ware. Dont layout your tables by
using tabs.
3 Punctuation
Full Stops use as much as possible that keeps sentences short and easy to understand. Each Foot-
note ends with a full stop.
Space: there is no space before a period or a comma.
Commas use is according to Oxford Rules.
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Divis (-) Dash (). A divis/hyphen is not a dash.
You get a dash by pressing [Shift]+[Alt]+[-]= - or you just type two hyphens in a row (word auto-
matically turns the two hyphens into a dash).
A divis/hyphen is used to tie words together: re-educate. Brother-in-law.
A dash is used as to pause for a thought for example like this. And it has the meaning of until
and to: 19391945. IslamabadLahore. pp. 4547.
Quotation marks: Internationally, there are three different versions of quotation marks:
English, German, and French or within a quotation English, German.
The English are also called Inverted Commas. The straight ones (") stand for inch and are not quo-
tations marks.
When a text is marked as quotation by typographical means there is no need to indicate it a
second time:
Like this! Overkill! Bad Style! It is like two or three exclamation marks!!!
Therefore, please do it like this!
If an abstract ends with a full stop or question mark, put the punctuation before closing the
inverted commas: His maxim was that indvidiuals bring change. But referring to Robert Schumann:
Nothing can last without institutions.
If a complete sentence in quotes comes at the end of a larger sentence, the final sopt should
be inside the inverted commas: The answer was, You are too much into details. He replied, Every
document is an outer face of an organisation.
Brackets: (A full sentence within brackets ends with full stop.) Square brackets should be used for
interpolations in direct quotations and indicate the author of the interpolation by initials: I [Steve Jobs,
OK] learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the space between different letter combinations, about
what makes great typography great. It was beautiful. Historical.
In lists you have three options but remain consistent in your whole text:
- end each bullet point by a full stop.
- end without any sign
- end by comma or semi colon, but the last one by full stop
Bullet points or numbers?
Please use bullet points if you are listing points. But only use numbered points as bullet points if you
are referring to one and/or more points by number.
4 Text
4.1 References
Each quotation has a reference by a footnote or endnote.
Each footnote is ended by a dot.
Each reference contains the page number: The News. Dec. 1 2009, p. 8. If you refer to several pages
write pp. 1824.
Each Website reference bears the date (even better the time) when you visited it:
www.southasia.fnst.org Dec. 1 2009, 17:38.
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4.2 Bibliography
Different branches of sciences prefer their own bibliographical references. We do not prescribe a
single one. But once again: Be consistent!
Books: Always have to appear the following points as minimum:
Authors name
Title
Year of Publication (Date in case of newspapers)
City of Publication.
(optional is if you do cite the publishing house) ANM: Wrde ich noch erwhnen, denn
sonst vielleicht herrscht Verwirrung.
Books for example:
MEHAR, Ayub: Women Empowerment in Pakistan. Islamabad, 2009.
Mehar, Ayub (2009), Women Empowerment in Pakistan. Islamabad: Economic Freedom Network.
Additional data are possible, e.g. the publishing house. But be consistent: If you mention the pub-
lishing house once then for each and every publication in the bibliography.
Articles in books: SALMAN, Ali: Private Property Rights. Reflections on Pakistan. In: FREE-
DOMGATE PAKISTAN [Ed.]: From the Liberal Spectacle. Islamabad, 2008. pp. 5160.
Magazines / Journals: Author: Title. In: Name of Journal. Year (Volume), pages.
For example: KELLERHOFF, Olaf: Economy as driving force. In: Pakistan German Forum. No.
1/2010. p. 18.
Newspapers: Author, Title. In: Newspapers name. issue, date, page number(s).
For example: AHMAD, Gulmina B.: Yes to NACTA. In: Daily Times (Islamabad / Peshawar). Vol
VII. No. 203. 23. July 2010. p. 6.
5 Good style
5.1 Capitals
Capitals are used for names of a person or organization.
5.2 Names
The Name of our foundation is: Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung fr die Freiheit. After its first
mention you might use the English version Friedrich Naumann Foundation (FNF) or refer to it as
The foundation for Freedom. NB: the German version bears two divis, the English version none!
All personal names are mentioned the first time with first name and family name (fore-
name/Christian name/given name and surname/last name/second name). The middle name can be
indicated by an initial, but in general it should be omitted. It should be indicated by an initial in the
Bibliography. Muhammad A. Hussaini
After having mentioned a name for the first time in full you can refer later to Mrs, Ms or Mr with
the last name. Mr Hussaini but not Mr Muhammad Hussaini.
Titles are used rarely. Dr for medical mainly or someone who has published his/her PhD. Name
someone Prof only if he/she holds a chair at a university.
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Abbreviations & Acronyms are written for the first time in their full meaning with abbreviation in
brackets thereafter: National Reconciliation Ordinance (NRO). Only then, youre allowed to use the ab-
breviation.
5.3 Language
One language only! Please use British English and do not mix with American spelling. Its your
responsibility as author to ensure that a research team on your behalf unifies the spelling. Stay with
one version consequently!
Words in from other languages can and should be written italics in order to mark them as foreign.
As there is no differentiation in Arabic or Urdu Script between majuscule (capital letter) and min-
uscule (small letter) all will be transliterated in minuscule unless it is a proper name (which can also
be written in regular font): Abd ar-Razzaq or Abd ar-Razzaq, but roti, nan, atta.
Persian Ezafet and Arabic article connections:
In Persian language the grammatical structure to connect two or more words is done by an ezafet-
connection. That means the letter E is attached to the first word by a divis, e.g. Dahman-e Koh. Ac-
cordingly, there is no need to connect the connecter by a second divis: Dahman-e-Koh is not accept-
able.
In Arabic two or more words are connected by a genitive connection. Only the article is attached by
a divis to the word which it determinates. wazir ul-mal. Accordingly, wazir-ul-mal is wrong.
In case of omission through a regent vocal before the article it is indicated by : dhu l-hijja.
The letter ain is transliterated by: like in id mubarak!
The letter hamza is transliterated by: ` like in In sha` Allah.
The Latin letter q stands for qaf in Arabic. Only in case it is followed waw in Arabic the combination
qu is correct. Quaid is wrong, as there is no waw in Urdu Script. Quetta has a waw and is therefore
transliterated correctly.
Be consistent in transliteration!
If you write id mubarak there can not be as-salam-o aleikum, but as-salam-u alaikum.
If you write as-salam-u alaikum there can not be al-Haramein, but al-Haramain.
If you write ijtihad there can not be Jamaat-e Islami but Jamaat-i Islami.
If you write ash-shams there can not be al-subh but as-subh.
5.3.1 Tense
When you describe results use past tense.
When you quote results from others (all types of published papers) use present tense.
When you are planning to do something in the future use future tense.
When you want to discuss the reported results use present tense.
5.4 Weights, Measures, and Currencies
5.4.1 Numbers
Figures up to ten are written in letters unless accompanied by measurement: 4kg and four mem-
bers.
In headings no dot after the last number only in-between: 5.4.2
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5.4.2 Currencies
Write Pakistani Rupees in full and only PKR in international and tables use. After having clarified
that you mean Pakistani Rupees and not e.g. Indian you can write Rupees without the national indica-
tor.
Euro is written in minuscule euro, plural euros, or with the symbol .
Dollars are either referred to as dollars (in case of US dollars) or $. In case of mixtures or misunder-
standings you can specify USD or US$, A$ (Australian dollar), HK$ (Hong Kong dollars, M$ Malay-
sian dollar) etc.
5.4.3 Weights & Measures
In general meisures are directly attached as abbreviations (100km) or written with a space in full
kilograms (not kilogrammes) = kg; kilometres per hour = kph; kilometres = km; millions = m
6 Further Reading
The Economicst [Ed.]: Style Guide. The Bestselling Guide to English Usage. 1
st
Repr. New Delhi,
2008.
Day, R.: Scientific English: A guide for scientists and other professionals, 2nd edition, Phoenix,
1998.
Strunk, William: The Elements of Style: New York, 1979.
7 Pictures
If you have interesting pictures to share and it is agreed to publish them please deliver them in the
following terms:
You guarantee that you have the rights to publish the picture. That means two different things:
1. You have the Copyrights of a picture. This is not bound to any formality but arises with the
creation of the work (valid at least 50 years after death of the author, 25 years in photogra-
phy). Either you took a photo or a photographer agreed that you can publish it in this spe-
cific publication. It is recommended that you have his/her written agreement (We have your
guarantee by the service agreement you have to bear the costs of any claims. Accordingly:
protect yourself!)
2. If one or more persons are depicted and they are recognizable (we dont speak of a crowd in
public) they have to agree It is his/her/their general right on the own personality unless it
is a person of public interest, e.g. President Asif Ali Zardari.
For printing purposes we need an electronic version of the picture, preferably in the file format
TIFF, if not in jpg, even gif might accepted. The highest resolution is preferred. For articles in the
internet resolutions of 800x600 pixels or 800x533 are required. Colour photos which should be
printed in black and white (b/w) have to be delivered as b/w.
A suitable caption (one or two lines) is either placed in your manuscript or delivered separately. The
photos have to be delivered separately, but the area to be place in the book should be indicated. The
final place is decided upon by the layout man.