1

QU!N L", T# CH$C XY D%NG NH SIU CAO

KS. V! V"N CH#; ThS. NGUY$N H%NG H&I; PGS, TS NGUY$N XUN CHNH
o Tm t!t: Vi!c qu"n l#, t$ ch%c xy d&ng nh siu cao 'i h(i ki)n th%c qu"n l# hi!n '*i
c+ng nh, s& hi-u bi)t c.a qu trnh thi)t k) v xy d&ng. Cc d& n xy d&ng nh siu
cao th,/ng l cc d& n c quy m l0n, ph%c t*p v1 k2 thu3t v cng ngh!, '4ng th/i 'i
h(i m5t th/i gian di '- hon thnh. Qu"n l# d& n ni chung l ngh! thu3t ch6 '*o v
ph7i h8p ngu4n l&c v v3t li!u trong su7t cu5c '/i c.a m5t d& n b9ng cch s: d;ng cc
k2 thu3t qu"n l# hi!n '*i '- '*t ',8c cc m;c tiu '<nh tr,0c v0i gi0i h*n v1 chi ph,
th/i gian, ch=t l,8ng v s& hi lng c.a nh>ng ng,/i tham gia. Trong bi vi)t ny, tc
gi" trnh by nh>ng kinh nghi!m v1 qu"n l# t$ ch%c xy d&ng nh siu cao Keangnam
Hanoi Landmark Tower t*i H N5i.
1. &'t v(n )*
Trong nh'ng n(m qua, l)nh v*c xy d*ng c+ b,n - c nhi.u ti/n b0 v12t b3c, cc to nh
siu cao -ang xu4t hi5n ngy cng nhi.u. Tuy nhin, h6u h/t cc Ch7 -6u t1 v cc nh th6u Vi5t
Nam c r4t t kinh nghi5m v. cng tc t8 ch9c v qu,n l: -;i v<i m0t d* n c quy m l<n v
ph9c t=p v. cng ngh5 nh1 xy d*ng to nh siu cao. V3y lm th/ no -> t8 ch9c v qu,n l:
m0t d* n xy d*ng nh siu cao hi5u qu,, trnh -12c cc r7i ro ti.m ?n. Sau -y s@ phn tch
cc y/u t; ,nh h1Ang -/n qu trnh th*c hi5n thnh cng m0t d* n xy d*ng nh siu cao.
2. M hnh t+ ch,c qu-n l. d/ n
M0t trong nh'ng y/u t; quy/t -Bnh s* thnh cng c7a d* n - l vi5c l*a chCn m hnh
qu,n l: d* n ph h2p v<i quy m v tnh ph9c t=p c7a d* n. Hi5n nay, A Vi5t Nam -ang tDn t=i
ph8 bi>n hai m hnh qu,n l: d* n sau: (1) Ch7 -6u t1 thu t1 v4n qu,n l: d* n chuyn nghi5p
-> -i.u hnh d* n tE lc bFt -6u cho -/n khi hon thnh; (2) Ch7 -6u t1 t* th*c hi5n qu,n l: d*
n v k/t h2p v<i vi5c thu t1 v4n qu,n l:, gim st m0t ph6n vi5c m Ban Qu,n l: d* n khng
-7 -i.u ki5n, n(ng l*c -> th*c hi5n. Tuy nhin c, hai m hnh ny -.u c m0t s; h=n ch/ nh4t
-Bnh.
G m hnh (1), Ch7 -6u t1 k: h2p -Dng v<i m0t -+n vB chuyn mn -> -12c cung c4p cc
dBch vH chuyn nghi5p tE lc bFt -6u -/n khi hon thnh. Cc chuyn gia qu,n l: xy d*ng ny
c th> vEa -=i di5n cho Ch7 -6u t1 vEa th*c hi5n vai tr c7a t1 v4n hoIc chJ l vai tr c7a -+n vB
t1 v4n. Trong mCi tr1Kng h2p, Ch7 -6u t1 c th> d*a vo cc dBch vH chuyn nghi5p -> qu,n l:
ton b0 qu trnh c7a m0t d* n xy d*ng. Theo m hnh ny khi n,y sinh nh'ng b4t c3p trong
qu trnh th*c hi5n th t1 v4n qu,n l: d* n bao giK cLng b,o v5 quy.n l2i c7a hC ch9 khng
ph,i c7a Ch7 -6u t1.
G m hnh (2), Ch7 -6u t1 t* t8 ch9c cc b0 ph3n chuyn mn trong ban Qu,n l: -Dng
thKi k/t h2p v<i vi5c thu m0t s; ph6n vi5c c7a cng tc Qu,n l: xy d*ng, T1 v4n gim st ->
hM tr2 cho Ban qu,n l:. Nh1 v3y, s* thi/u kinh nghi5m v. m0t s; l)nh v*c c7a Ban qu,n l: d* n
do Ch7 -6u t1 thnh l3p s@ -12c b -Fp bAi cc chuyn gia -/n tE cc -+n vB cung c4p dBch vH
chuyn nghi5p, nh1ng chnh s* thi/u kinh nghi5m v. cc v4n -. chuyn mn c7a Ban qu,n l: c
th> s@ l m0t trA l*c l<n trong vi5c ph;i h2p v<i cc chuyn gia -> gi,i quy/t cc xung -0t pht
sinh trong qu trnh th*c hi5n d* n. S* nghi ngK v thi/u h2p tc gi'a cc b0 ph3n trong Ban
qu,n l: v<i cc chuyn gia t1 v4n s@ lm cho vi5c xN l: cng vi5c bB ch tFc, cc v4n -. pht
sinh khng -12c gi,i quy/t kBp thKi. Oi.u ny s@ ko theo ti/n -0 th*c hi5n d* n bB ko di, chi
ph pht sinh gia t(ng v cu;i cng Ch7 -6u t1 s@ khng th> -=t -12c cc mHc tiu - -. ra cho
d* n.
O;i v<i m0t d* n xy d*ng nh siu cao, Gim -;c qu,n l: d* n c6n nh3n th9c -12c cc
l2i ch chi/n l12c c7a Ch7 -6u t1 v c7a cc t8 ch9c khc tham gia vo d* n. Gim -;c qu,n l:
d* n ph,i -;i mIt v<i nhi5m vH kh kh(n -> sFp x/p cc mHc tiu v chi/n l12c c7a cc t8 ch9c
khc nhau ny -> th*c hi5n cc mHc tiu c7a d* n. M hnh qu,n l: d* n ph,i -12c t8 ch9c

2
sao cho gi,m thi>u cc xung -0t gi'a cc t8 ch9c, cLng nh1 gi,m t;i -a cc c4p ra quy/t -Bnh ->
cho cng vi5c -12c gi,i quy/t m0t cch thng su;t v nhanh nh4t, t(ng c1Kng kh, n(ng giao ti/p
v ph;i h2p gi'a cc t8 ch9c tham gia vo d* n.
S@ l h2p l: h+n khi -i.u chJnh m hnh t8 ch9c qu,n l: d* n theo h1<ng m<i - l s* k/t
h2p c7a Ch7 -6u t1 v cc chuyn gia c7a nh th6u Qu,n l: d* n chuyn nghi5p -12c giao
nhi5m vH trong m0t t8 ch9c tch h2p. MHc tiu l -> c m0t -0i ngL d* n duy nh4t chBu trch
nhi5m ki>m sot t4t c, cc nh th6u phH. Qua - gi,m b<t -12c cc t6ng qu,n l: trung gian.
Theo -, thay v c n(m t6ng qu,n l: tE Ch7 -6u t1 !Cc phng ban ch9c n(ng c7a Ch7 -6u t1
! Gim -;c qu,n l: d* n c7a nh th6u t1 v4n ! B0 ph3n qu,n l: d* n c7a nh th6u t1 v4n
! Cc nh th6u phH, m hnh t8 ch9c m<i chJ c ba t6ng tE Gim -;c qu,n l: d* n l -=i di5n
c7a Ch7 -6u t1 ! B0 ph3n qu,n l: d* n tch h2p ! Cc nh th6u phH. Bn c=nh -, s* chJ
-=o th;ng nh4t k/t h2p v<i vi5c gi,m cc t6ng qu,n l: trung gian s@ c,i thi5n r4t nhi.u v. thng
tin lin l=c v kh, n(ng th*c hi5n cLng nh1 ki>m sot cc quy/t -Bnh -12c chnh xc v kBp thKi.
Tham kh,o m hnh t8 ch9c xy d*ng c7a cng trnh Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower
(70 T6ng) v cng trnh Lotte Centre Hanoi (64 t6ng), c th> xy d*ng m hnh T8 ch9c qu,n l:
d* n xy d*ng nh siu cao nh1 sau:

G m hnh trn, Gim -;c qu,n l: d* n l m0t chuyn gia qu,n l: d* n chuyn nghi5p,
c kinh nghi5m -12c Ch7 -6u t1 l*a chCn (n/u c) hoIc -12c Ch7 -6u t1 thu. Gim -;c qu,n
l: d* n l -=i di5n c7a Ch7 -6u t1 c -7 th?m quy.n -9ng ra t8 ch9c -i.u hnh d* n trn quan
-i>m c7a Ch7 -6u t1. Cc b0 ph3n Qu,n l: thi/t k/, Qu,n l: ch4t l12ng, Qu,n l: ti/n -0 v gi
thnh bao gDm cc chuyn gia tE cc -+n vB chuyn nghi5p. Nh th6u t1 v4n thi/t k/ v t1 v4n
gim st c nhi5m vH ph;i h2p v<i t4t c, cc b0 ph3n khc theo ph=m vi cng vi5c qui -Bnh trong
h2p -Dng. Nh th6u chnh ph,i c hi>u bi/t su sFc v. v3t li5u, cng ngh5 m<i, c kinh nghi5m
trong t8 ch9c thi cng -> qu,n l: t4t c, cc nh th6u phH
T=i d* n Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower, Gim -;c d* n trong giai -o=n -6u tE nNa
cu;i n(m 2007 -/n cu;i n(m 2009 l m0t chuyn gia v. qu,n l: d* n -0c l3p -12c Ch7 -6u t1
thu, giai -o=n sau tE n(m 2010 -/n h/t n(m 2011 l ng1Ki c kinh nghi5m -12c Ch7 -6u t1 -.
cN tE trong t8 ch9c c7a Keangnam t=i Hn Qu;c. Cc chuyn gia qu,n l: d* n -12c Ch7 -6u t1
thu tE Cng ty qu,n l: d* n chuyn nghi5p l P&P Korea -> hM tr2 Ch7 -6u t1 trong vi5c
qu,n l: xy d*ng v ti chnh. Trn th*c t/, c 05 chuyn gia c7a P&B Korea lm vi5c lin tHc,
bao gDm 01 chuyn gia qu,n l: v. k/t c4u, 01 chuyn gia qu,n l: v. M&E, 01 chuyn gia qu,n
l: v. ki/n trc, 01 chuyn gia qu,n l: v. ti/n -0, 01 chuyn gia v. mua sFm v -4u th6u. Cc
chuyn gia ny - lm vi5c trong t8 ch9c c7a Ban qu,n l: d* n v c cc bo co ngy, bo co

3
tu6n, bo co thng -> t1 v4n cho Ban qu,n l: d* n cLng nh1 nh th6u chnh v. tnh hnh th*c
hi5n d* n, cc gi,i php thay th/ (n/u c) -> -?y nhanh ti/n -0 cLng nh1 c,nh bo cho Ch7 -6u
t1 v nh th6u chnh cc r7i do c th> x?y ra trong thKi gian t<i. Ngoi ra, v<i ki/n th9c v kinh
nghi5m c7a mnh cc chuyn gia c7a P&B Korea - t1 v4n cho Ch7 -6u t1 v. k/ ho=ch t3p k/t
v3t t1, v3t li5u, cung c4p thng tin v. cc nguDn v3t t1, v3t li5u -> cho ch7 -6u t1 c quy/t -Bnh
hi5u qu, nh4t khi mua sFm v3t t1 thi/t bB cho d* n. (Tham kh"o ph; l;c I: M hnh t$ ch%c c.a
d& n Keangnam Hanoi Land mark Tower v danh sch cc nh th?u ph; tham gia d& n).
Th*c t/ tri>n khai t8 ch9c qu,n l: xy d*ng nh siu cao theo m hnh trn t=i d* n
Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower - ch9ng minh hi5u qu, c7a m hnh t8 ch9c qu,n l: d* n
ny. V<i quy m cng trnh l 609.673 m
2
sn xy d*ng, v<i 03 to thp cao tE 49 -/n 70 t6ng,
-12c tri>n khai trn khu -4t c di5n tch 46.054 m
2
Cng trnh Keangnam Hanoi Landmark
Tower hon thnh trong kho,ng thKi gian 4 n(m xy d*ng (tE cu;i n(m 2007 -/n cu;i n(m
2011).
3. Qu trnh thi0t k0 v xy d/ng
Trong k/ ho=ch th*c hi5n m0t d* n -6u t1 xy d*ng cng trnh, -i.u quan trCng l nh3n ra
m;i quan h5 chIt ch@ gi'a thi/t k/ v qu trnh xy d*ng. Ni chung, thi/t k/ l m0t qu trnh
sng t=o ra m0t cng trnh, k/t h2p hi ha gi'a thi/t k/ ki/n trc v k/t c4u nhPm -p 9ng -12c
tnh an ton, kQ thu3t, mQ thu3t v kinh t/ c7a cng trnh. Qu trnh thi cng xy d*ng l m0t qu
trnh xc -Bnh cc ho=t -0ng v nguDn l*c c6n thi/t -> hon thnh vi5c xy d*ng cng trnh theo
-ng yu c6u thi/t k/. Trong c, hai giai -o=n thi/t k/ v thi cng xy d*ng, nhi.u nhi5m vH ph,i
-12c k/t h2p th*c hi5n -> ph h2p v<i tnh hnh th*c t/ v gi,i quy/t t;t cc m;i quan h5 gi'a
cc nhi5m vH khc nhau.
M0t s; -Ic -i>m c7a k/ ho=ch xy d*ng cng trnh c6n -12c l1u tm ngay A giai -o=n -6u
c7a d* n, v dH:
" Thi/t k/ v thi cng xy d*ng cng trnh ph,i ph h2p v<i cc -i.u ki5n -Ic th c7a -Ba
-i>m xy d*ng cH th>.
" Qu trnh xy d*ng chBu ,nh h1Ang c7a -i.u ki5n t* nhin (kh h3u, -Ba ch4t th7y v(n),
x h0i, kh, n(ng cung c4p lao -0ng, cc quy -Bnh v. xy d*ng t=i -Ba ph1+ng.
" S* thay -8i cng ngh5, bi/n -0ng c7a thB tr1Kng
T=i Cng trnh Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower. Qu trnh thi/t k/ : t1Ang cho cng
trnh, Ch7 -6u t1 -Dng thKi cLng l nh th6u thi cng chnh - ph;i h2p chIt ch@ v<i -+n vB t1
v4n thi/t k/ -> kh,o st kQ cc -i.u ki5n t* nhin, cLng nh1 kh, n(ng -p 9ng v. nguDn nhn
l*c, kh, n(ng cung 9ng v. v3t li5u xy d*ng t=i -Ba ph1+ng -> -1a ra cc gi,i php thi/t k/ ph
h2p v<i qu trnh xy d*ng sau ny.
T=i m0t s; n1<c pht tri>n, thi/t k/ cc to nh siu cao, gi,i php k/t c4u thp th1Kng
-12c 1u tin l*a chCn v cng ngh5 v. s,n xu4t v3t li5u, cng ngh5 thi cng t=i cc n1<c ny -
-=t -/n trnh -0 pht tri>n cao. MIt khc chi ph cho nhn cng lm vi5c tr*c ti/p trn cng
tr1Kng A -y th1Kng r4t cao, do - ph1+ng n k/t c4u thp s@ -em l=i hi>u qu, kinh t/ h+n c,. G
Vi5t Nam, hi5n vRn -ang ph,i nh3p kh?u thp, cng ngh5 thi cng k/t c4u thp cho nh siu cao
ch1a -12c ph8 bi/n, ta c nguDn nhn l*c dDi do v<i chi ph th4p, v th/ ph1+ng n k/t c4u thp
ch1a ph,i l gi,i php t;i 1u. Quan trCng h+n, qua kh,o st cc lo=i v3t li5u -Ba ph1+ng nh1 ct,
-, xi m(ng cho th4y hon ton c th> ch/ t=o -12c b tng c1Kng -0 cao thch h2p cho k/t c4u
b tng c;t thp trong cc to nh siu cao v ph1+ng n k/t c4u b tng c;t thp - -12c l*a
chCn cho cc to nh 49 t6ng v 70 t6ng.
Trong d* n Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower, gi,i php k/t c4u chnh c7a thp
Landmark (cao 70 t6ng) l h5 khung li vch k/t h2p chBu l*c, d6m sn -8 ton kh;i k/t h2p
v<i gi,i php sn 9ng l*c c(ng sau c chi.u dy tE 275mm -/n 320 mm. H5 th;ng c0t b tng
c;t thp c ti/t di5n -12c gi,m t;i -a bPng cch sN dHng b tng c1Kng -0 cao tE 50~70Mpa.
CCc mng sN dHng cCc khoan nhDi D2000, mLi cCc -12c -It vo l<p - A -0 su 65m, s9c chBu
t,i c7a cCc 3200 t4n.

4
Cc !"c tnh v#t li$u c%a b tng & 28 ngy tu'i nh( sau:

T!ng
C!t Tu!!ng N!i d!m
Sn, d!m, d)m
bao
Mng

Ta khch
s!n/ Land
Mark
Tower

B2F to 27F 70MPa 70Mpa 70Mpa 50Mpa 40Mpa
28F 60Mpa 60Mpa 70Mpa 45Mpa 40Mpa
29F to
Outrigger1
60Mpa 60Mpa 60Mpa 45Mpa 40Mpa
47F 60Mpa 50Mpa 60Mpa 45Mpa 40Mpa
48F to 70
(roof)
50Mpa 50Mpa 50Mpa 50Mpa 40Mpa

Mc b tng c7a cng trnh Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower -12c p dHng cH th> nh1 sau:


H1NG
M2C
Chung
c3
Khch
s4n
C35ng
)6
(Mpa)
C35ng
)6
(Mpa)
T35ng
li
23FS 70
24FT 50
27FS 70
47FS 60
48FT 50
C6t
23FS 70
24FT 50
27FS 70
47FS 60
48FT 50
X
ngang
23FS 70
24FT 50
27FS 70
47FS 60
48FT 50
Sn
PT
23FS 50
24FT 45
27FS 50
47FS 45
48FT 35
Sn,
D7m,
C6t,
T35ng
PT:35
RC:27
PT:35
RC27
Sn
t7ng
h7m
30 30
Mng 40 40

T6ng h6m




Khch s=n
Ta Chung c1
C(n h0 cho
thu
V(n phng
Outrigger
Kh;i -/
T6ng c9ng #1
!"#



LI
LI
Ta Khch s=n
Residence
!%# !%# Mng

RC
270kg/cm2
PT
350kg/cm2
PT
350kg/cm2






RC
270kg/cm2



!&#
!"#
!&#
!'#

5

Trong qu trnh l*a chCn gi,i php k/t c4u khung b tng c;t thp ny, Keangnam ph,i -;i
mIt v<i m0t v4n -. r4t kh kh(n l t=i thKi -i>m - (n(m 2007) A Vi5t Nam ch1a tEng c cng
trnh no p dHng b tng c1Kng -0 cao t<i 70Mpa v cLng ch1a c m0t c+ sA s,n xu4t -=i tr b
tng c1Kng -0 cao. V v3y Keangnam - ph,i ti/n hnh cc nghin c9u c6n thi/t v. vi5c ch/ t=o
b tng c1Kng -0 cao t=i Vi5t Nam, -> gi,i php k/t c4u khung b tng c;t thp l kh, thi.
Kh-o st v ki8m tra nh my s-n xu(t b tng
Tr1<c tin, Keangnam -i th(m v kh,o st cc tr=m tr0n b tng quanh khu v*c d* n ->
-nh gi 1u nh12c -i>m c7a cc tr=m tr0n, n0i dung ki>m tra t3p trung vo cc v4n -. sau:
# Xem xt tnh hnh chung c7a cc nh my
- VB tr, kho,ng cch tE x1Ang t<i cng tr1Kng,thKi gian di chuy>n, s,n l12ng s,n xu4t
ngy, s; l12ng xe chuyn chA, th*c t/ nh3p hng theo c1Kng -0 nn.
- S; l12ng B/P , hnh th9c tr0n, th> tch nDi h+i, th> tch v s; l12ng xilo xi m(ng v xilo
phH gia, th> tch v s; l12ng b> ch9a ch4t phH gia, b,o qu,n c;t li5u.
# Ki>m tra h5 th;ng v t8 ch9c qu,n l ch4t l12ng tr=m tr0n b tng
-Nhn s* qu,n l ch4t l12ng, m9c -0 trang thi/t bB qu,n l: ch4t l12ng
# Ki>m tra ch4t l12ng nguyn v3t li5u b tng
- Nh s,n xu4t xi m(ng, lo=i c0t li5u th v mBn (ct sUi) v k/t qu, ki>m tra ch4t l12ng
v3t li5u.
Tuy nhin sau khi ki>m tra, cc tr=m tr0n trn -Ba bn khng -p 9ng -12c yu c6u v.
trang thi/t bB, cLng nh1 h5 th;ng t8 ch9c v qu,n l: ch4t l12ng tr=m tr0n khng -p 9ng -12c
yu c6u. Keangnam - quy/t -Bnh -6u t1 nh my s,n xu4t b tng t=i cng tr1Kng v<i cc trang
thi/t bB nh1 sau:

H4ng m9c My mc/ Trang thi0t
b:
S;
l3<ng
Tiu chu=n Ghi ch
Dy
chuy*n s-n
xu(t
H6m ch9a xi m(ng 2 500 T4n x 1, 200 T4nx 1 Lo=i my nng ki>u guDng
H6m ch9a phH gia 1 200 T4n x 1 Qu=t gi v nng ki>u guDng
MU ch9a c;t li5u 3
500 x 3
Mi che
B> ch4t phH gia 2 10 T4n
My lm l=nh 3 40RT
My tr0n 2
210 /H, 120 /H 3.5 /mV
Thi/t bB ti ch/ b tng 1
20 /hr

Ph3>ng
ti?n
Xe tr0n (my tr0n) 10
6~7

My xc bnh l;p 1
4.3

B8 ch,a
B> ch9a n1<c 2 200 T4n
PhWu -8 xi m(ng 1 5 T4n
PhWu -8 ct 1
20

PhWu c;t li5u 2
20


6
H4ng m9c My mc/ Trang thi0t
b:
S;
l3<ng
Tiu chu=n Ghi ch
B> ch9a phH gia 2 0.2 T4n
Kh;i
l3<ng/
&>n v: tnh
Xe t,i/ Xe t,i h=ng nIng 1 110 T4n (10kg)
N1<c 1 1,000 Kg
Xi m(ng 1 2,000 Kg
PhH gia (b0t) 2 1,000 Kg
C;t li5u 3 4,000 Kg
PhH gia(Ch4t lUng) 2 50 Kg
Thi0t k0 c(p ph;i b tng
Sau khi xc -Bnh cc yu c6u kQ thu3t chi ti/t c7a v3t li5u, b1<c ti/p theo l xy d*ng m0t
cng th9c hMn h2p b tng t;i 1u d*a trn lo=i v3t li5u v nhi5t -0, qu trnh thi/t k/ mc b tng
c6n tun th7 quy trnh sau:



T6 l! h@n h8p trong phng th nghi!m (70Mpa)
B,ng tX l5 hMn h2p:
Mc PhH gia
W/C
(%)
S/a
(%)
Kh;i l12ng -+n vB v3t li5u (/m
3
)
N1<c
Xi
m(ng
S.F Ct SUi
PhH gia gi'
n1<c
Silica
fume
20-70-600 Sea chemical 25.5 44.3 162 610 26 728 1,019 11.45 1.80% 29

PhH gia Sicila Fume r4t c6n thi/t khi s,n xu4t b tng c1Kng -0 cao. B tng c c1Kng -0
cng cao th cng sN dHng nhi.u phH gia Silica Fume. BAi v -0 mBn c7a Silica Fume nhU h+n so
v<i xi m(ng nn Silica Fume s@ l4p -6y cc lM h8ng, 1% Silica Fuma t1+ng -1+ng v<i 3% xi
m(ng nn n gip lm gi,m nhi5t hydrat ha. Tuy nhin gi thnh c7a n kh cao so v<i xi m(ng
v v3y n khng c l2i th/ v. mIt kinh t/.

7
K/t qu, thN nghi5m:

MHc
OY SZT/ OY CH&Y ()
Hm
l12ng
kh
(%)
Nhi5t -0
(!)
C1Kng -0(Mpa)
0 pht 30 pht 60 pht 90 pht
Khng
kh
B
tng
2
ngy
3
ngy
7
ngy
28
ngy
Silica Fume
Seah chemical
680x670 640x650 620x610 550x560 1.7 25.3 29.7 51.6 57.7 70.4 75.7

M0t gi,i php khc tE d* n Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower cho th4y hi5u qu, c7a
vi5c k/t h2p qu trnh thi/t k/ v xy d*ng - l gi,i php sn khng d6m - -1+c thi cng bPng
c;p pha bn -p 9ng -12c c, yu c6u v. ch4t l12ng v ti/n -0. Chnh -i.u ny rt ngFn -12c
thKi gian thi cng sn b tng c;t thp trung bnh tE 8 ngy xu;ng cn 5 ngy m0t sn t6ng -i>n
hnh c di5n tch l 3.500m
2
, - gp ph6n -?y nhanh cng tc thi cng -1a d* n hon thnh
-ng ti/n -0 xy d*ng.
4. S@ d9ng lao )ng, vAt li?u, thi0t b: thi cng
Qu,n l: t;t d* n xy d*ng ph,i thay -8i m=nh m@ vi5c sN dHng hi5u qu, v3t li5u, lao -0ng
v thi/t bB. Nng cao n(ng su4t lao -0ng ph,i l m0t m;i quan tm l<n v lin tHc c7a nh'ng
ng1Ki c trch nhi5m ki>m sot chi ph xy d*ng cng trnh.
4.1. Cc y0u t; -nh h3Bng )0n nCng su(t lao )6ng trn cng tr35ng
N*ng su+t lao !,ng trn cng tr(-ng b. /nh h(&ng b&i nhi0u y1u t2 !(3c m t/ nh( !"c !i4m
lao !,ng, !i0u ki$n lm vi$c c%a d5 n ho"c cc ho6t !,ng phi s/n xu+t. Cc !"c !i4m lao !,ng
bao g7m:
" Tu'i tc, k8 n*ng v kinh nghi$m c%a l5c l(3ng lao !,ng;
" Lnh !6o (kh/ n*ng khch l$, !,ng vin ng(-i khc lm vi$c lm vi$c nhi$t tnh v
mong mu2n h(9ng t9i m:c tiu chung) v !,ng l5c c%a l5c l(3ng lao !,ng.
;i0u ki$n lm vi$c c%a d5 n bao g7m nh<ng yu t2 sau:
" Th-i gian c)n thi1t !4 hon thnh m,t cng vi$c v m=c !, ph=c t6p c%a cng vi$c;
" Kh/ n*ng ti1p c#n cng vi$c t6i cng tr(-ng;
" Lao !,ng c s>n t6i !.a ph(?ng;
" S@ d:ng thi1t b.;
" H3p !7ng v cc tho/ thu#n;
" ;i0u ki$n kh h#u c%a !.a ph(?ng;
" ;"c !i4m v*n ho !.a ph(?ng, nh+t l trong cc ho6t !,ng & n(9c ngoi.
Cc ho6t !,ng phi s/n xu+t bao g7m m,t trong cc y1u t2 sau:
" Lao !,ng gin ti1p c)n thi1t !4 duy tr ti1n !, c%a d5 n;
" Lm l6i !4 !i0u chAnh cc cng vi$c khng !6t yu c)u;

8
" T6m th-i ngBng vi$c do th-i ti1t x+u ho"c tnh tr6ng thi1u nguyn v#t li$u;
" Th-i gian vCng m"t bao g7m c/ vi$c !i mu,n v0 s9m;
" Khng lm vi$c cc ngy lD;
" ;nh cng.
;2i v9i m,t d5 n c quy m l9n v ph=c t6p nh( nh siu cao cc !"c !i4m c%a l5c
l(3ng lao !,ng /nh h(&ng r+t l9n !1n hi$u qu/ th5c hi$n cc cng vi$c c s5 thay !'i v0 !,
cao l9n, ph6m vi th5c hi$n r,ng l9n v m=c !, ph=c t6p v0 k8 thu#t cao t6i cng tr(-ng. M,t
yu c)u b"t bu,c l cng nhn ph/i tr/i qua cc l9p !o t6o v9i chuyn ngnh ph h3p, c k8
thu#t v k8 n*ng lm vi$c !4 h6n ch1 cc sai st gp ph)n t*ng n*ng su+t lao !,ng.
4.2. Qu-n l. vAt li?u
Qu/n lE v#t li$u l m,t y1u t2 trong l#p k1 ho6ch v ki4m sot d5 n. V#t li$u chi1m ph)n
l9n chi ph trong xy d5ng cng trnh, v v#y gi/m thi4u cc qui trnh ho"c chi ph mua sCm l
c? h,i quan trFng !4 gi/m chi ph xy d5ng. Qu/n lE v#t li$u km c th4 !em l6i k1t qu/ kh
trnh khGi l lm gia t*ng chi phi trong qu trnh xy d5ng. ;)u tin, n1u v#t li$u !(3c mua
s9m, v2n dnh cho mua sCm sH t*ng ln v lng ph ti0n li pht trn l(3ng hng nguyn v#t li$u
t7n kho. Th#m ch, v#t li$u c th4 x+u !i trong th-i gian l(u tr< ho"c b. m+t mt, trB khi ch1 !,
ch*m sc !"c bi$t !(3c th5c hi$n. V d:, thi1t b. !i$n th(-ng ph/i !(3c l(u tr< t6i cc !.a !i4m
khng th+m n(9c. Th= hai, s5 ch#m trD v chi ph ph: tr,i c th4 xIy ra n1u cc v#t li$u c)n
thi1t cho cc ho6t !,ng c: th4 khng c s>n. Theo !, vi$c !/m b/o dng ch/y k.p th-i cc v#t
li$u l m,t m2i quan tm quan trFng c%a qu/n lE d5 n xy d5ng nh siu cao.
Ngy nay v9i s5 hJ tr3 c%a my tnh, cc nh qu/n lE d5 n c th4 thng quan cc ph)n m0n
qu/n lE v#t t( !4 !(a ra cc quy1t !.nh mua sCm t2i (u v0 kh2i l(3ng v th-i !i4m ph h3p
nh+t.
T6i d5 n Keangnam, nh- p dung h$ th2ng qu/n lE v#t li$u bKng ph)m m0m my tnh k1t h3p
v9i s5 t( v+n hi$u qu/ c%a cc chuyn qu/n lE !1n tB P&B Korea, cng trnh Keangnam !
!(3c tri4n khai m khng c b+t c= m,t s5 gin !o6n no do nguyn nhn tB vi$c thi1u cc
nguyn v#t li$u c)n thi1t trn cng tr(-ng gy ra cLng nh( khng c s5 lng ph !ng k4 no tB
vi$c tch tr< qu m=c c)n thi1t v#t li$u trong kho nh- c h$ th2ng cc nh cung =ng uy tn v tin
c#y.
4.3. Thi0t b: xy d/ng
Vi$c l5a chFn ch%ng lo6i v kch th(9c thch h3p c%a thi1t b. thi cng /nh h(&ng !1n th-i
gian th5c hi$n v hi$u su+t lm vi$c trn cng tr(-ng c%a m,t d5 n xy d5ng. Do !, !i0u quan
trFng cho cc nh qu/n lE cng tr(-ng v cc nh ho6ch !.nh xy d5ng l ph/i lm quen v9i cc
!"c !i4m c%a cc lo6i thi1t b. ph' bi1n nh+t !(3c s@ d:ng trong xy d5ng.
;2i v9i m,t d5 n xy d5ng nh siu cao, cc thi1t b. ph:c v: cho qu trnh thi cng ln
cao cu/ to nh c)n ph/i !(3c l(u tm m,t cch !"c bi$t bao g7m (khng gi9i h6n) b&i cc
thi1t b. sau: V#n th*ng, c)n cIu thp, my b?m b tng, cc h$ th2ng c2p pha !"c bi$t nh( h$
th2ng c2p pha leo !4 thi cng li, h$ th2ng c2p pha bn ph:c v: cho thi cng sn b tng c2t
thp..
M,t s2 lo6i thi1t b. !i4n hnh ! !(3c s@ d:ng t6i d5 n Keangnam Hanoi Lanmark
Tower:
My b!m b tng.
;4 c th4 v#n chuy4n b tng ln !, cao h?n 300m, my b?m b tng ph/i l thi1t b.
chuyn d:ng c kh/ n*ng t6o p l9n.
Thng s2 k8 thu#t my b?m cao p:



9

M t/ B?m cao p Ghi ch
MODEL BSA 14000 HP-D : 4ea
KHMI LNONG B TNG TMI ;A(m3/hr)
54(p su+t cao)/82(p su+t
th+p)M
3
/Hr

DELIVERY PRESSURE(bar)
( p su+t phn ph2i)
185/260
T'ng kh2i l(3ng(ton) 9.6
STROKE/MIN
(t2i thi4u/t2i !a)
17/26
Cng su+t !,ng c? (kw) 470 kw
Chi0u cao l9n nh+t 320M

Thng s; kD thuAt c7n rt b tng
Thng s; C6n rt b tng Ghi ch
MODEL JB29H-125 JB33H-125
Ta Khch s=n: JB29H-
125(3ea)
Ta chung c1:JB33H-125(2ea)
Chi.u di c6n (m) 29 32
TrHc xoay 365
o
365
o

Chi.u cao (m) 14M 12M
Oi5n p
380v 15kw
(14 sqare)
380v 15kw
(14 sqare)

Kh;i l12ng ph6n thn (kg) 4880 5990
Kh;i l12ng b5 kg) 1500 1500
Kh;i l12ng BALLOST BEARER (kg) 438 500
Kh;i l12ng BALLOST (kg) 2100 2100
Kh;i l12ng ;ng(kg) 6060 6060


10



S> )E c7n rt b tng v )35ng ;ng dFn b tng c35ng )6 cao

V: tr M t- &6 dy Tiu chu=n SL
Kch
cG ;ng
Chi*u cao
t;i )a
Ta
Khch s4n
Hng cao p
8.8T, 200Bar
[ng ngang A tng 1
3
-1Kng 125MM
320M [ng dCc tE t6ng 1 -/n t6ng 20
7.1T, 130Bar [ng dCc tE t6ng 21 -/n t6ng mi
Ta
Chung c3
Hng cao p
8.8T, 200Bar
[ng ngang A tng 1
2
-1Kng 125MM
206M [ng dCc tE t6ng 1 -/n t6ng 10
7.1T, 130Bar [ng dCc tE t6ng 11 -/n mi


Khu v/c )+ b tng trn th/c t0


M t,
O+n
Sn T1Kng li

11
vB
Khu
v*c A
Khu
v*c B
Khu
v*c C
Khu
v*c D
Khu v*c
C-A
Khu v*c
C-B
Khu v*c
C-C
My b+m H.P. ci 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C.P.B ci 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Kh;i l12ng b tng M3 550 350 400 380 280 210 380
ThKi gian -8 giK 12 8 9 9 7 5 7
5. K0t luAn
Qu,n l:, t8 ch9c xy d*ng nh siu cao -i hUi ng1Ki -i.u hnh d* n ph,i c ki/n
th9c t8ng th> v. thi/t k/ v thi cng, -> c th> -i.u hnh d* n m0t cch thng su;t tE
khi khAi -6u : t1Ang -/n khi d* n hon thnh -i vo sN dHng.
Vi5c l*a chCn m hnh t8 ch9c qu,n l: d* n quy/t -Bnh -/n s* thnh cng c7a d*
n. M hnh t8 ch9c ph,i -12c l*a chCn sao cho t(ng c1Kng -12c thng tin lin l=c gi'a
cc t8 ch9c tham gia vo d* n cLng nh1 -,m b,o cho s* ph;i h2p hi5u qu, c7a cc t8
ch9c, c nhn tham gia vo d* n.
Ngoi ra nh'ng hi>u bi/t v. my mc thi/t bB hi5n -=i chuyn dng cho cng tc thi
cng nh siu cao l r4t c6n thi/t -;i v<i cc -;i t12ng tham gia vo cng tc -i.u hnh
d* n.

TI LI\U THAM KH&O

1. HD s+ thi/t k/ thi cng d* n Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower do lin danh nh
th6u Heerim/Samoo/Aum&Lee l3p;
2. Bo co hon thnh giai -o=n thi cng ph6n th cng trnh Keangnam Landmark
Tower do Keangnam-Vina.,Ltd l3p thng 5 n(m 2011.
3. Project Management for Construction, by Chris Hendrickson, Department of Civil
and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA l52l3
Copyright C. Hendrickson 1998. Version 2.2 prepared Summer, 2008

12
Ph" l"c I: M hnh t# ch$c c%a d& n Keangnam Hanoi Land mark Tower v
danh sch cc nh th'u ph" tham gia d& n
S+ -D t8 ch9c thi cng -12c th> hi5n nh1 sau/ Construction organization is shown
as below:











1. Danh sch cc nh th6u kh,o st, thi/t k/, gim st thi cng xy d*ng, ki>m -Bnh
xy d*ng/ List of subcontractors of survey, design, supervision and construction
inspection:
STT/No.
Tn nh th7u/ Name of
subcontractor
Ph4m vi cng vi?c/ Scope of work
1 VNCC Kh!o st "#a ch$t/ Geological survey
2
Hanoi Institute for building Science &
Economics
Kh!o st n"n #$t nh m%u/ Land survey
for model house
3 HEERIM/ SAMOO/ AUM&LEE Thi!t k!/ Design
4 Heng Tong
T! v"n thi#t k# n$i th"t/ Interior design
consulting
5a CONINCO
T! v"n gim st tE khi khAi cng -/n
ngy 30/09/2008/ Consultance and
Supervision from the date of
commencement to Sep. 30
th
2008
5b IBST
T! v"n gim st tE ngy 2/10/2008 -/n
k/t thc cng trnh/ Consultance and
Supervision from Oct.2
nd
2008 to the date
of completion
KEANGNAM
VINA
KEANGNAM
ENTERPRISES
Head
Quarter
Safety Team
Construction
Management;
Design Team
Constructi
on Team;
M &E
Team
Planning;
Admin/Pr
ocurement.
QA/ QC
Team
IBST
SUBCONTRACTORS

13
STT/No.
Tn nh th7u/ Name of
subcontractor
Ph4m vi cng vi?c/ Scope of work
6
Lin danh cng ty c! ph"n #"u t$ Xy
D!ng 27-7 v cng ty TNHH thi!t b"
PCCC 2-9/ Construction investment
27-7 and fire-prevention&fighting
equipment2-9
T! v"n PCCC/ Fire fighting consultance
7 PB Korea
Qu!n l" xy d#ng v ti chnh / CM
financial management
8 Cng ty CP Th(ng long (LAS 33)
Th nghi!m c"t thp v m"i n"i ren/
Rebar and coupler testing
9 DELTA Th nghi!m c"c/ Pile testing
10 Load test Korea Th nghi!m c"c/ Pile testing
11 Bachy Soletanche Th nghi!m neo "4t/ Earth anchor testing
12 MIDAS IT
Kh,o st s* co ngFn c7a c0t / Column
shortening
13 IBST
Quan trFc ln cng trnh/ Tilt &
settlement monitoring

2. Danh sch cc nh th6u thi cng xy d*ng v nh'ng ph6n vi5c do cc nh th6u -
th*c hi5n/ List of subcontractors in site and their works:
Cng vi?c/
Type of
work
Tn nh th7u/ Name of
subcontractor
Ph4m vi cng vi?c/ Scope of work
C
I
V
I
L

W
O
R
K

Tung Feng
Thi cng cCc nhDi cho Khch s=n, APT
v -/ / Bored Pile to Tower, APT and
Podium)
DELTA
Thi cng cCc nhDi cho bi -3u xe v -/,
t1Kng vy v -o -4t / Bored Pile to
Carpark and Podium; D-wall and
excavation
SAMWOO Neo -4t / Earth Anchor
UDIC Oo -4t / Excavation
Hoang Lap
LFp d*ng c! lasen / Installation Sheet
Pile
Ha Luong Oo -4t / Excavation
TQM Vietnam
Thi cng -i mng cho b> d6u / Piling
work for oil and dissel tank
Construction Equipment
B+m b tng t;c -0 cao / High pressure
Pump, CPB
Constech
Cung c4p vn khun sn (vn khun bn)
/ System form work (Table form)
Kumkang
Cung c4p vn khun leo / System form
work (AL form, ACS form)

14
Cng vi?c/
Type of
work
Tn nh th7u/ Name of
subcontractor
Ph4m vi cng vi?c/ Scope of work
COFICO
K/t c4u b tng c;t thp ta nh A A /
Structure Residence A
HACC1
K/t c4u b tng c;t thp ta nh A B /
Structure Residence B
SEOYONG
K/t c4u b tng c;t thp ta nh khch
s=n / Structure Hotel Tower
Freyssinet
Thi cng 9ng l*c c(ng sau cho 2 ta nh
A / Post tensioning of Residence
VSL
Thi cng 9ng l*c c(ng sau cho ta nh
khch s=n / Post tensioning of Tower
M
ATERIAL

SUNG SHIN Cung c4p b tng / Concrete supplier