6

1 3
6.1 (Synchronous Machines)

(A.C. Generator)
(Synchronous Motor)

(Synchronous Speed)
6.1.1

2 (Stator)
(Rotor) 6.1

6-2

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.1

2 (Salient pole) 6.2

(Cylindrical Rotor)

6.3

(Slip rings) (Brushes)

6-3

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.2 (Salient pole)

6.3 (Cylindrical rotor)

6.1.2

6.1

6-4

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.2 1

(Prime

mover) 1
(Diesel engine)

(Gas engine) (Electric motor)

6.4

Prime mover

Single-phase

Electrical energy

6.4
6.5
2

6-5

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

1
1 1

(Cycle) 6.6 0 180

180 360

6.5 1

180

6-6

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.6
6.6

Vm

(Synchronous Speed) 6.1

Ns

(rpm)

120 f
P

N s

(6.1)

(revolution per minute ,rpm)

(Hz)

6.1

4 50
Hz

6.1
Ns

f 50 Hz, P 4

120 f
P

pole

6.1
Ns

120 50
1500
4

rpm

6.2 1

(Diesel engine)
6.7 10 kW

6-7

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.7 1

(Voltage)

220 V

(Current)

45.45

(Frequency)

(Pole)

(Power factor)

50
=

Hz
1

Pole
p.f.

1500 rpm

6.3 3

6-8

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

3
6.8 2 1
4

2
3
A B C 120

6.8 3

2
(Stator) (Rotor) 6.9
3 (Star
connections) (Load)

6-9

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.9 3

6.9

3 6.2 6.3
EL 3En
IL I A I

Eo

EL
En
I A, B ,C
VF
IF

(6.2)
(6.3)

Line Line
Line Neutral

A,B C

6 - 10

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

3 120
6.10

6.10 3
6.3 3

6.11

6 - 11

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.11 3
(Power)

20 kW

(Voltage)

(Current)

220/380 V

(Frequency)

(Pole)

(Power factor)

87 A

50/60 Hz

4 Pole
1 p.f.

1500 /1800 rpm

50 Hz
1500 rpm 60 Hz
1800 rpm

6 - 12

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

(Control panel)

(Emergency stop button),

(Voltmeter), (Ammeter),
(Frequency meter)

6.4 3

6.4.1

3 6.12
2

6 - 13

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

(Squirrel Cage)
(Wound Rotor)

1)

2)

6.12 3

6 - 14

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.12

Cooling Fan

Power Connection :
3
Shaft

Bearing

Laminated Stator :

6.4.2

6.13

6 - 15

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.13
3

120 6.14
U W 120 U
V 120 (

1 2
)

3 120
6.15
(6.4)-(6.6)

6 - 16

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.14

00

600

1200

00

6.15 3
(6.4)

I A I m sin t

(6.5)

(6.6)

I B I m sin t 120

I C I m sin t 240

3 2
6.16 () 3

3 () 380 V 50 Hz
120

6.16 () 3

(Y-connection)

6 - 17

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

() 3

()
6.16

6.16 3

120

6 - 18

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

t1 1 0

i A , i B ,iC
6.17 ()

t 2 2 60
i A , iB ,iC
6.17 ()

t 3 3 120

i A , i B ,iC
6.17 ()

t 4 4 180
i A , i B ,iC
6.17 ()

t 5 5 240
i A , i B ,iC
6.17 ()

t 6 6 300
i A , i B ,iC
6.17 () 6.17

6 - 19

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

() t1

() t 2

()

() t

()

t3

() t 4

t6

6.17 t1 t 6
6.17

(Synchronous speed) (6.7)

6 - 20

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

NS

120 f
P

rpm

(6.7)

N S

rpm
f

Hz

6.1
50 Hz

6.1

P Pole

N s rpm

3000

1500

1000

6.4.3

(Induce

Voltage)

N m N S

6 - 21

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

(Slip)
(6.8) 6.18

6.18

(Slip (s))

N S N m S m

NS
S

(6.8)

(percent slip )
s

NS Nm
100%
NS

(6.9)

(Rotor frequency)
(6.10)

f r sf

(Torque)
Tm

Po
m

N m

(6.11)

6 - 22

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.4 3 3 HP
4 (Pole) 3 380 V 50 Hz

1450 rpm

.
.

.
NS

120 f
1500
P

.
s

rpm

N S N m 1500 1450

0.0333
NS
1500

.
f r sf 1.665 Hz

. 7.8

2
N m 151.78 rad sec
60
3 746 17.75 N m
Tm
151.78

6.4.4 3

(Torque) (Speed) 6.19

6 - 23

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.19
3
(No-load)

N m N s

(Squirrel cage)
Class

4 6.20

6 - 24

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.20

Class

(Squirrel-cage rotor; SCIM)

(NEMA ; National Electrical Manufactures

Class 6.2

Association)

6.2

NEM
A

Starting
Torque

Class (times rated)

A

1.5-1.75

Starting

Speed

Current

Regulation

Class

(times

(percent)

Name for

5-7

2-4

rated)

Motor

Normal

6 - 25

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

1.4-1.6

4.5-5

3-5

Generalpurpose

2-2.5

3.5-5

4-5

Doublecage

High
torque
D

2.5-3.0

3-8

5-8

High-

8-13

torque
High-

resistance
8.2

Class A

1.5 - 1.75 (Full-load

torque) 5 - 7

(Full-load current) 5 HP

Class B

(General Purpose)

1.4 - 1.6 (Full-load

torque) 4.5 - 5

(Full-load current) Class A

6 - 26

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

5 HP (Blowers)
(Machine Tools) (Centrifugal Pumps)

Class C

Double-cage rotor

2-2.5 Full-load
torque 3-3.5
Full-load current

High-inertia load)

(Reciprocating Pumps)
(Piston-Type Compressor)
(Conveyors)

Class D

3 Full-load torque

3- 8 Full-load current

(Shears)
(Punch Press)
6.4.6 3

3 Squirrel-cage

rotor

5-7

6 - 27

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

(Torque)

5 HP (
)

(Direct on-line)

5 HP

5 HP

(Reduced Voltage Starting)

- Auto-Transformer

- (Star connection)

(Delta connection)

6.4.7 3

6 - 28

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

5-7

(Magnetic Contactor)
1)
.

Fuse

. Disconnect Switch or Circuit Breaker

3. Magnetic Contactor

4. Over load Relay

5.Push Button Switch

6.Pilot Lamp
1.

Fuse :

6.21
. Disconnect Switch or Circuit Breaker :

6 - 29

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.22
. Magnetic Contactor :

6.23
. Over load Relay :

6.24
. Push Button Switch :

6 - 30

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.25
. Pilot Lamp :

6.26

2)

(NEC)

(DIN) 6.3

DIN

6 - 31

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.3 NEC DIN

NEC
Relay and
Auxiliary

DIN
Push

Buttons

Contact
Single Circuit
Normally open

Normally
closed

Normally
closed

Relay and

Push Buttons

Contact

Single Circuit

Auxiliary

Normally open
Normally closed

Normally closed

Single Circuit
Normally

Single Circuit
Normally

open

Double circuit

open

6 - 32

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

Pilot lamp
Magnetic

Magnetic

contactor

Overload

Pilot lamp
contactor

Fuse

Overload relay

Fuse

relay

Line

Line

1) (Direct Start)
K1
3
C.B.

6 - 33

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

K1 O.V.L

6.27

()
()

6.27 3

2) (Forward-Reverse)
3

6 - 34

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.16 ()
A B

A C B C
3
6.28 () 6.28 ()

() 3

6 - 35

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

() 3
6.28 3
6.5 1

1

4

6 - 36

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

1.

(Split phase

Induction Motor)
2.

(Split phase , Capacitor Start Induction Motor)

3.

(Shaded Pole Motor)

4.

(Universal Motor)

6.5.1 (Split phase Induction

Motor)

6.29 8.32
2 (Run Winding)

90
(Auxiliary winding)

2 2

(Current)

6 - 37

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

70%

(Centrifugal

switch)

6.29

6.30

6 - 38

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6.5.2 (Split
phase Capacitor start Induction Motor)

6.31

90
1
3.5-4.75

1/8 HP 3/4 HP

6.31
6.5.3 (Shaded Pole Motor)
1/4 HP

1
6.32

6 - 39

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

(Shade-Pole)

25%

6.32

6.5.4 (Universal Motor)

6 - 40

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

Tm KI a2

(Nm)

6.33

6.33
1
50 Hz

HP

6 - 41

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

6
1.

2. 4 50 Hz

3. 3

4.
5. 1 2

2

6.

7.

6 - 42

Fundamental of Electrical Engineering

8.

9. 3

10.
11.