Plant Tissues and Organs

Fig. 38.6
Fig. 38.4
Figure 35.21 Modular construction of a shoot
Basic Plant Morphology
TISSUES- a group of cells functioning together in some
specialized activity


MERISTEMS- a mass of self-perpetuating cells, which
are not yet committed to developing into a specialized cell
type
Terminal meristems- ends of stems, branches
and roots
Axillary meristems- base of leaves, branches
Lateral meristems are parallel to sides of plant
parts and increase girth.
Meristem types
Primary
Apical Meristems
Secondary
Vascular cambium
Cork Cambium
Flowering plants have 3 basic tissue
types
Dermal
Cover surface of plant
Protection
Ground
Vascular
Conducting tissue
Dermal
Epidermis
epidermal cells
Periderm
cork cells
Fig. 38.12a
Fig. 38.12b
Fig. 38.12c
Vascular Tissue
Xylem
Mostly to conduct water and nutrients
E.g., roots to shoots
Phloem
Mostly to conduct sugars, amino acids, etc.
E.g., leaves to roots or flowers

Fig. 38.13a
Fig. 4.6
Fig. 4.9
Fig. 38.13b
Fig. 38.14a
Fig. 38.14b
Vegetative Organs
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Function of roots
Anchor the plant
Absorb water and minerals from soil
Storage
Longitudinal section of roots
Root cap
Zone of cell division
Zone of cell
elongation
Zone of maturation
Cross section of root
Vascular bundle (Stele) = contains xylem and phloem
Cortex
Epidermis
Root hairs
Absorb water and minerals

Fig. 38.15
Fig. 38.21
Function of Stems
support leaves to maximize light absorption
part of conduit for transport of water,
minerals, and organic solutes
storage

Fig. 38.25a
Fig. 38.25b
Woody dicots
Discrete vascular bundles replaced by
continuous rings of xylem
Each ring is xylem produced during one
growing season
Vascular cambium
Fig. 38.7a
Fig. 38.7b
Stems: Secondary growth
Vascular tissue, (xylem) makes up the bulk of the stem
Form tree rings

Fig. 38.23
Fig. 38.28a
Fig. 38.28b
Fig. 38.28c
Function of leaves
Main photosynthetic structure

Leaf parts
Blade
Petiole
Pair of stipules
Fig. 38.34
Fig. 38.8
Fig. 38.33
Fig. 38.30
Fig. 38.35
Fig. 39.1
Fig. 39.5
Figure 35.8a Modified leaves: Tendrils of pea plant
Figure 35.8b Modified leaves: Cacti spines
Figure 35.8c Modified leaves: Succulent leaves for storing water
Figure 35.8d Modified leaves: Brightly-colored leaves to attract pollinators
Figure 35.x1 Lithops
Comparison of monocots & dicots

Monocotyledon
grasses
lilies, tulips
trees: palm
dicotyledon
roses, asters
grapes, beans
trees: oak, maple,

http://www.emeraldashborer.info/index.cfm


Emerald Ash Borer
Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis
Fairmaire, is an exotic beetle that was
discovered in southeastern Michigan near
Detroit in the summer of 2002. The adult beetles
nibble on ash foliage but cause little damage.
The larvae (the immature stage) feed on the
inner bark of ash trees, disrupting the tree's
ability to transport water and nutrients. Emerald
ash borer probably arrived in the United States
on solid wood packing material carried in cargo
ships or airplanes originating in its native Asia.
Emerald ash borer is also established in
Windsor, Ontario, was found in Ohio in 2003
and northern Indiana in 2004. Since its
discovery, EAB has:

*killed more than 10 million trees
*cost 10s of millions of $
What to know about EAB:

It attacks only ash trees (Fraxinus spp.).
Adult Beetles
are metallic green and about -inch long.
Adults leave a D-shaped exit hole in the bark when they emerge in spring.
Woodpeckers like EAB larvae; heavy woodpecker damage on ash trees may be a sign of infestation.
Firewood
cannot be moved in many areas of Michigan, Ohio and Indiana because of the EAB quarantine ( Ohio, Indiana, Michigan)

It probably came from Asia in wood packing material.