HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

BO CO
THC TP TT NGHIP
Ni dung: Tm hiu cng ngh
mng ring o EoMPLS

Ni thc tp : Vin CNTT&TT-CDIT

Ngi hng dn : abc
Thnh vin ca nhm :
1. ............
2. ............
3. ............

H ni, 6/ 2014
1

LI CM N

Ti xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin cng nh
cc thy c ging dy trong trng hc vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng truyn
t nhng kin thc qu bu cho ti trong nhng nm hc va qua.
Dc bit ti xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio trong Vin Cng Ngh Thng
Tin v Truyn Thng CDIT tn tnh hng dn, ng vin v gip ti trong sut
thi gian thc hin ti.
Xin chn thnh cm n cc bn trong lp D10HTTT2 ng h, gip , chia s
kin thc, kinh nghim v ti liu c c cho ti trong qu trnh nghin cu v thc hin
ti
Mt ln na xin chn thnh cm n !

MC LC
MC LC____________________________________________________________________________3
Phn A : GII THIU N V THC TP________________________________________________4
I. Chc nng_______________________________________________________________________________4
II. T chc_________________________________________________________________________________4
III. Cc lnh vc hot ng___________________________________________________________________4

Phn B : NI DUNG THC TP________________________________________________________6

I. Phn gii thiu chung______________________________________________________________________6
-Tn ch thc tp : Tm hiu cng ngh mng ring o EoMPLS_________________________________6
-Ni dung :_________________________________________________________________________________6
II. Phn trnh by ca SV____________________________________________________________________7
Li ni u________________________________________________________________________________7
Chng 1 : Tng quan v cng ngh MPLS_____________________________________________________8
III. Phn SV t ghi_________________________________________________________________________12

Phn C: PH LC____________________________________________________________________12

Phn A : GII THIU N V THC TP

Vin cng ngh Thng tin v Truyn thng CDIT
Tng 3 nh A1, Hc vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng, Km 10, ng Nguyn Tri, H
ng, H Ni

I. Chc nng
c thnh lp t nm 1999 vi chc nng chnh ca CDIT l nghin cu, ng dng khoa hc v
o to ngun nhn lc cho lnh vc Cng ngh thng tin chuyn ngnh BCVT v cc ngnh kinh
t x hi khc ca Vit Nam. Qua 15 nm xy dng v pht trin, CDIT lun hon thnh xut
sc mi nhim v c giao, gp phn to ln trong s pht trin ca ngnh Thng tin v truyn
thng. Kt qu, trong 15 nm pht trin CDIT c ng, Nh nc tng thng Hun chng
Lao ng Hng Nht, Nh, Ba.

II. T chc

Ban Lnh o Vin v Khoa a phng tin:

Vin Trng TS. Nguyn Trung Kin
Ph Vin Trng ThS. Cao Minh Thng
Phng Tng hp
Phng Nghin cu pht trin & o to ng dng a phng tin
Phng Nghin cu pht trin & o to An ton thng tin
Phng Nghin cu pht trin ng dng ICT (Phng Vin thng)
Phng Nghin cu pht trin H tng ICT (Phng Mng & H thng)
Phng Dch v & Chuyn giao cng ngh

III. Cc lnh vc hot ng

Lnh vc nghin cu:
Hot ng nghin cu ca CDiT tp trung vo ba lnh vc chnh bao gm:
Cng ngh Thng tin v Truyn thng (ICT)
a phng tin (Multimedia)
An ninh v An ton thng tin (Information Security)
Bn cnh ICT, cng ngh a phng tin v An ton thng tin l cc hng nghin cu n u
v l nn tng CDiT pht trin cc sn phm chin lc mi trong tng lai.
Lnh vc o to:
Hot ng o to ca CDiT tp trung vo ba lnh vc chnh bao gm:
Cng ngh Thng tin v Truyn thng (ICT)
a phng tin (Multimedia)
An ninh v An ton thng tin (Information Security)
Bn cnh cc hot ng o to ngn hn, thi gian gn y CDiT tham gia hi nhp rt su
vo hot ng o to i hc ca Hc vin cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng.

Phn B : NI DUNG THC TP

I. Phn gii thiu chung
-Tn ch thc tp : Tm hiu cng ngh mng ring o EoMPLS
-Mc tiu :

Tm hiu v cng ngh MPLS, cng ngh EoMPLS.

-Ni dung :
TT

Ni dung thc tp

Thi gian

Mc tiu

Tm hiu tng quan v cng ngh

MPLS : c im, nguyn tc hot
ng

23/6 27/6

Bo co chi tit v
cng ngh MPLS

Tm hiu c ch phn phi ca

nhn giao thc LDP

28/6 4/7

Bo co chi tit

c im, nguyn tc hot ng

ca cng ngh EoMPLS

5/7 11/7

Bo co chi tit

Cu hnh ca mt mng s dng

cng ngh EoMPLS

12/3 18/7

Bo co chi tit

Cc bc Troubleshoot mt mng
cng ngh s dng EoMPLS

19/7 25/7

Bo co chi tit

Hon thnh bi bo co

26/7 1/8

Hon thnh bo co
chi tit, r rng

Chun b bo co tng th

Ghi ch

II. Phn trnh by ca SV

Li ni u
Cng vi s pht trin ca t nc, nhng nm gn y cc ngnh cng nghip u pht
trin mnh m, v ngnh cng nghip vin thng cng khng ngoi l. S ngi s dng cc dch
v mng tng ng k, theo d on con s ny ang tng theo hm m. Ngy cng c nhiu dch
v mi v cht lng dch v cng c yu cu cao hn. ng trc tnh hnh ny, cc vn
v mng bt u bc l, cc nh cung cp mng v cc nh cung cp dch v cng ang c nhiu
n lc tng cp cng nh xy dng h tng mng mi. Nhiu cng ngh mng v cng ngh
chuyn mch c pht hin, trong s chng ta phi k n cng ngh chuyn mch nhn,
MPLS cng ang c nghin cu p dng nhiu nc, Tng cng ty BCVT Vit Nam cng
p dng cng ngh ny cho mng th h k tip NGN.
ng trc s pht trin nhanh chng ca cng ngh chuyn mch nhn a giao thc
MPLS, vic tm hiu cc vn v cng ngh MPLS l vn quan trng i vi sinh vin. Nhn
thc c iu , chuyn Tm hiu cng ngh mng ring o EoMPL gii thiu v cng
ngh chuyn mch nhn a giao thc MPLS, cng ngh mng ring o EoMPLS v ng dng ca
n.
B cc gm 2 chng :
Chng 1 : Tng quan v cng ngh MPLS
Chng 2 : cng ngh EoMPLS v ng dng

Chng 1 : Tng quan v cng ngh MPLS

I.

Gii thiu

Internet ra i m mn cho k nguyn tin b vt bc ca nhn loi, n khng ngng pht trin
v phm vi cng nh cht lng. Do p ng vi nhng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca con ngi
c bit l v cht lng dch v v v vn bo mt th MPLS ra i. Nh chng ta bit, nn
tng ca internet da trn m hnh TCP/IP s dng k thut chuyn mch gi IP truyn thng vi
khng t nhc im. Nhng nhc im chnh c th ni n nh sau:
- Tc v tr: chuyn mch IP truyn thng th cn chm do phi nh tuyn v chuyn
tip gi IP da trn phn tiu vi a ch ch lm nng ct. Tuy c mt s phng php
ci tin nh s dng bng nh tuyn nhanh cho cc gi tin quan trng nhng s gi tin n nt
mng vn ln hn so vi kh nng x l ca nt mng nn dn n tnh trng mt gi, mt
kt ni...
- Kh nng m rng mng: do nhu cu ngy cng cao nn vn m rng l tt yu, m nu
s dng mng IP truyn thng th vic m rng mng li l ht sc kh khn.
- Vic tch hp cc k thut cc lp trong m hnh OSI hay ni cch khc l lm trong sut
gia cc lp l ht sc kh khn.
MPLS c xem l gii php cho nhng vn ny. Vi kh nng chuyn tip nhanh, n
gin, nh tuyn linh hot, tn dng ti nguyn, v c bit cung cp dch v VPN bo mt cao
s gip cho MPLS c nhiu t dng v hin ti cng nh trong tng lai.
II.
MPLS l g?
MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) l phng php ci tin cho vic chuyn tip cc gi tin
IP trn mng bng cch thm vo nhn (label). Nhn c chn vo gia tiu lp 2 (layer 2) v lp
3 (layer 3) trong trng hp cc k thut lp 2 da trn khung (frame) nh Ethernet, frame relay... i
vi cc k thut lp 2 da trn t bo (cell) nh ATM th nhn c xem l cc VPI , VCI.
MPLS kt hp cc u im ca k thut chuyn mch (switching) ca lp 2 v k thut nh tuyn
(routing) lp 3. Do s dng nhn quyt nh chng tip theo trong mng nn router t lm vic hn
v hot ng gn ging nh switch. Nhn c th c dng thit lp chnh sch cho qu trnh x l
lu lng trong mng yu t quan trng m bo cht lng dch v.

III.

Cc khi nim chnh trong MPLS

Nhn (label)
Nhn l mt khung nhn dng ngn, chiu di c nh v khng c cu trc. Nhn khng
tc tip m ha thng tin ca header nh a ch lp mng. Nhn c gi vo mt gi tin c th
s i din cho mt FEC m gi tin c n nh.

Chng nhn (Stack label)

Mt tp hp c th t cc nhn gn theo cc gi tin chuyn ti thng tin v nhiu FEC

v v cc LSP tng ng m gi s i qua. Ngn xp nhn cho php MPLS h tr nh tuyn phn
cp (Mt nhn cho EGP v mt nhn cho IGP) v t chc a LSP trong mt trung k LSP.

Lp chuyn tip tng ng FEC (Forward Equivalence Class)

FEC m t s kt hp cc gi tin c cng a ch ch ca ngi nhn cui thnh cc lp c
nhng chnh sch x l tng ng. Gi tr FEC trong gi tin c th thit lp mc u tin cho
vic iu khin gi nhm h tr hiu qu hot ng ca QoS (Quality of Service). i vi cc dch
v khc nhau th cc FEC khc nhau vi cc thng s nh x khc nhau. Vic nh x mt gi vo
mt FEC c th t c nh vo mt s thng s sau:

a ch IP ngun, ch
Cng ngun, ch
Nhn dng giao thc (PID)
Lung

FEC c n nh ngay t u vo ca mng MPLS v ph thuc vo hot ng ca LSR ng

vo, ra. Do thng th cc LSR ng vo v ra l cc router c kh nng x l mnh.

ng chuyn mch nhn LSP (Label Swtiching Path)

ng chuyn mch nhn c thit lp t ingress LSR (ingress Label Switching Router
d liu u vo l gi IP truyn thng, ingress LSR s n nh nhn cho gi thng tin ny) n
egress LSR (egress Label Switching Router g b nhn cho gi d liu khi ra khi mng li
MPLS). LSP c xy dng bng cc giao thc nh LDP (Label Distributed Protocol), RSVP
(Resource Reservation Protocol),
Mt LSP ni t u cui n u cui gi l ng hm LSP (LSP tunnel) lin kt cc
on LSP gia cc node.

C s thng tin nhn LIB (Label Information Base)

Mi LSR phi xy dng mt bng thng tin (information table) s dng cho vic inh
tuyn v chuyn tip cc gi tin trong mng. Trong bng s cha nhng thng tin lin quan n
nhn, a ch, trm k, xc nh r rng cch thc chuyn tip ca gi d liu nh th no.

LSR (Label Switching Router) v LER (Label Edge Router)

LSR l router chuyn mch nhn nm trong mng li MPLS (khng phi l cc router bin)
c nhim v l nhn gi tin chuyn i nhn (label swapping), ri sau chuyn tip (forwarding)
gi tin ny n trm k tip.
LER l cc router bin trong min MPLS (MPLS domain). Nu gi nhn vo l gi tin IP
truyn thng th LER s gn nhn vo gi tin v chuyn tip vo mng li MPLS. Nu gi nhn c
nhn th LER s g nhn ra v a gi tin vo mng IP truyn thng.

IV.

S pht trin ca MPLS

Mc ch ban u ca chuyn mch nhn l mun a tc ca chuyn mch lp 2 vo lp 3. L

l ban u cho cc k thut nh MPLS khng lu sau c nhn thy l c u im, bi v cc
chuyn mch lp 3 mi c s dng cng ngh ASIC ( Application-specific integrated circuit), k
thut nn tng c th thi hnh chc nng tm kim vi tc va h tr cho hu ht cc loi
giao tip (interface).
Chun ca chuyn mch nhn c nhm nghin cu ca IETF v MPLS xut nm 1997 v
c nghin cu rng ri. MPLS c pht trin t nhiu k thut chnh, bao gm cc phin bn c
quyn v chuyn mch nhn nh chuyn mch nhn ca Cisco (Ciscos Tag Switching), Chuyn mch
IP da trn nn nh tuyn tng hp ca IBM (IBMs Aggregate Route-Based IP Switching ARIS),
B nh tuyn chuyn mch t bo ca Toshiba (Toshibas Cell-Switched Router CSR), Chuyn
mch IP ca Ipsilon (Ipsilons IP Switching) v b nh v IP ca Lucent (Lucents IP Navigator).
Chuyn mch th (Tag Switching), c pht minh bi Cisco, v a n ngi dng ln u tin
vo nm 1998. T khi bt u trin khai chuyn mch th, Cisco lm vic chung vi IETF pht
trin v thng qua cc chun ca MPLS, hp nht cc c tnh v u im ca Chuyn mch th.

V.

u v nhc im ca MPLS

Tc v tr: Chuyn mch nhn c cung cp gii quyt vn v tc v tr mt

cch hiu qu. Chuyn mch nhn nhanh hn nhiu chuyn mch IP c in bi v gi tr nhn c
thit k n gin, c s dng qun l bng nh tuyn theo cch nhn s c s dng l ch mc
trong bng. Vic tm kim ny yu cu ch mt ln l tm ra, ngc li nh tuyn c in c th phi
tm trong bng vi nghn ln. Kt qu, trn lung vn chuyn, cc gi c gi thng qua mng
nhanh hn thng thng, gim thi gian tr, v p ng thi gian cho ngi dng.
Kh nng m rng: D nhin tc l mt mt quan trng ca chuyn mch nhn, nhng dch v
nhanh khng phi l tt c m chuyn mch nhn c th cung cp. N cng c th cung cp kh nng
m rng, tc l iu tit mt s lng ln v ngy cng tng nhanh chng cc user trn mng Internet.
Chuyn mch nhn ngh mt cch gii quyt cho vn pht trin mng mt cch nhanh chng nh
vy bng cch cho php mt s lng ln cc a ch IP c lin kt vi nhau trn mt hay mt vi
nhn. Cch tip cn ny s ct gim bt bng nh tuyn v cho php mt router phc v nhiu ngi
dng hn ti mt thi im v cng khng cn i hi kh nng x l cao ca cc router.
n gin: Mt u im na ca chuyn mch nhn l v c bn n ch l tp hp ca cc giao
thc nh tuyn. N rt n gin, chuyn tip mt gi da trn nhn ca gi . Lm th no mt nhn
n mt ng dn ca ngi dng m khng cn quan tm n vic chuyn tip thc s ca ng
dn . Tt c c ch iu khin trn c th phc tp, nhng chng khng lm nh hng n hiu
qu ca ng dn. Tc l s c rt nhiu cc phng php khc nhau phn phi cc nhn cho
ng truyn, tuy nhin sau khi cc nhn c phn phi xong, hat ng chuyn mch nhn s
c thc hin mt cch rt nhanh chng. Chuyn mch nhn c th c thc hin trong mt phn
mm, trong cc mch in t tch hp hay trong mt vi x l c bit.
Mc s dng ti nguyn: C ch iu khin thit lp mt nhn phi khng lm tiu tn
nhiu ti nguyn. N khng c lm mt nhiu ti nguyn v chuyn mch nhn th hon ton khng
lm tiu tn nhiu ti nguyn thc thi vic thnh lp mt con ng chuyn mch nhn cho ng
dn.

VI.

MPLS v kin trc Internet

T khi ARPNET c trin khai, thi i ca Internet bt u, kin trc ca Internet cng c
thay i. N m ra cc p ng v s tin b ca k thut, pht trin v h tr cho nhiu dch v mi.
Hu ht cc s thay i gn y ca kin trc Internet l do s thm vo ca MPLS. Nhng cn ch
rng k thut chuyn tip ca Internet l da vo vic nh tuyn a ch ch, v n khng h thay i
t khi ARPANET xut hin. S thay i chnh l s thay th ca giao thc nh tuyn cng bin
gii phin bn 4 (Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 BGP4) t giao thc nh tuyn cng bn ngoi
(Exterior Gateway Protocol EGP), s b sung ca nh tuyn min trong khng phn lp (Classless
Interdomain Routing CIDR), cc nng cp c nh ca bng thng v cc thit b u cui nh c
thm nhiu cc b nh tuyn mnh.
MPLS tc ng n c k thut chuyn tip gi tin IP v vic xc nh ng i (ng i ca
cc gi tin c chuyn tip trn mng Internet). V kt qu l s ra i cc cu trc mng ca
Internet. MPLS c th h tr cho IP phin bn 6 (IP version 6) bi v thut ton chuyn tip ca MPLS
cho IP phin bn 4 cng c th p dng cho IP phin bn 6 vi vic s dng cc giao thc nh tuyn
h tr cho a ch IP phin bn 6. MPLS c trin khai bi v n c u im gn gi v trc tip n
Internet. Hu ht u im gn gi ca MPLS vi cc chi tit c th cho mng ng trc ca nh cung
cp dch v Internet l kh nng trin khai k thut lu lng (Traffic Engineering). K thut lu
lng cho php cc nh cung cp dch v loi b ti ca cc tuyn (link) b tc nghn v iu khin
cc ti chia x sang cc tuyn khc cha c s dng ng mc. Kt qu ca cng vic trn l tn
dng ti nguyn s cp cao hn v cng c ngha l s hiu qu v chi ph s c tit kim hn.
VII. Nguyn tc hot ng ca MPLS
hiu c nguyn tc hot ng ca MPLS, trc ht ta phi lm quen vi mt s khi nim
mi c dng trong MPLS.

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MPLS domain: L tp hp ca cc node mng MPLS c qun l v iu khin bi cng mt

qun tr mng, hay ni mt cch n gin hn l mt MPLS domain, c th coi nh h thng mng
ca mt t chc no (chng hn nh cung cp dch v).
LSR (Label Switching Router): L node mng MPLS. C hai loi LSR chnh:
LSR cnh (gm LSR hng vo, LSR hng ra): LSR nm bin ca MPLS domain v kt ni
trc tip vi mng ngi dng.
LSR chuyn tip (Transit LSR): LSR nm bn trong MPLS domain, cc LSR ny chnh l cc b
nh tuyn li (core router) ca nh cung cp dch v.
Nhn (Label): Thng c t chc di dng ngn xp nhn (Label Stack), c di 32 bit c
th hin nh sau:
Trng Label: C di 20 bit, y chnh l gi tr nhn.
Trng Exp (Experimental): C di 3 bit dng cho mc ch d tr nghin cu v phn chia
lp dch v (COS - Class Of Service).
Trng S: C di 1 bit, dng ch nh nhn cui cng ca Label Stack. Vi nhn cui cng,
S=1.
Trng TTL (Time To Live): C mc ch nh trng TTL trong gi tin IP.
FEC: MPLS khng thc hin quyt nh chuyn tip vi gi d liu lp 3 (datagram) m s dng
mt khi nim mi gi l FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class). Mi FEC c to bi mt nhm cc
gi tin c chung cc yu cu v truyn ti hoc dch v (thoi, data, video, VPN...) hoc cng yu cu
v QoS. Hay ni mt cch khc, MPLS thc hin phn lp d liu chuyn tip qua mng.
LSP (Label Switching Path): L tuyn c bt u ti mt LSR hng vo thng qua mt hoc
nhiu hoc thm ch l khng LSR chuyn tip no v cui cng kt thc ti mt LSR hng ra. LSP
chnh l ng i ca cc FEC thng qua mng MPLS. Khi nim v LSP tng t nh khi nim v
knh o (Virtual Channel) trong mng IP, ATM, Frame Relay ...
LDP (Label Distribution Protocol): L cc giao thc phn b nhn c dng trong MPLS phn
b nhn v thit lp cc LSP thng qua mng MPLS.
Chng ta hy xem MPLS hot ng nh th no, c th l cch thc truyn ti d liu qua mng
MPLS (xem hnh).

Nh trong hnh v th hin, khi lung d liu ca ngi dng c gi n mng MPLS, ti LSR
hng vo (LSR A) lung d liu s c phn lp v c ng trong cc FEC. LSR hng vo s
thc hin vic phn b nhn v thit lp LSP cho cc FEC ny (chng hn thit lp LSP 44-67-13). Ti
cc node chuyn tip trong mng, LSR ch thc hin vic tro i nhn v gi FEC n LSR k tip
(LSR B gp nhn 44 lp tc i sang nhn 67 v chuyn tip n LSR D, tng t LSR D gp nhn 67
s tro i thnh nhn 13 v gi n LSR F). Cc LSR B v D khng quan tm n mo u ca cc
gi tin trong FEC (iu ny khc bit hn vi mng nh tuyn lp 3 truyn thng). Khi lung d liu
n LSR hng ra, cc FEC c g b nhn v tch ngc tr li thnh cc gi tin thng thng v
c gi n ngi dng cui bng cc giao thc nh tuyn truyn thng.
C mt im cn lu , l cc FEC c th c chuyn tip trn nhiu LSP khc nhau, y l
mt u im ni tri ca MPLS so vi mng nh tuyn thng thng.

11

III. Phn SV t ghi

-Cc thng tin rt ra c t thi gian thc tp
-Nguyn vng

Phn C: PH LC
(nu c)

12