- 42 -

Gc Lng Gic & Cng Thc Lng Gic

. cos2A + cos2B + cos2C = 1 4cosAcosBcosC.

. cos2A + cos2B + cos2C = 1 2cosAcosBcosC.
. cos A2 cos B2 C + cos B2 cos C2A + cos C2 cos A2 B = sinA + sinB + sinC.
.

Trng THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh

Nguy n Vi t L c

sin A + sin B + sin C

A
= cot cot .
sin A + sin B sin C
2
2

sin B + sin C
.
cos B + cos C
62>
< Chng minh biu thc sin(250o + )cos(200o ) cos240ocos(220o 2)
khng ph thuc vo .
63>
< Chng minh: . sin84osin24osin48osin12o = .
61>
< Chng minh ABC vung ti A nu v ch nu sinA =

1 sin 25o
.
2 sin 5o
. sin10sin8 + sin8sin6 sin4sin2 = 2cos2sin6sin10.
. 2cos22cos cos5cos4 cos4cos3 = 2cossin2sin6.
64>
< ABC c 4A = 2B = C. Chng minh rng:
1 1 1
. = +
. cos2A + cos2B + cos2C = .
a b c
65>
< Chng minh mnh sau: iu kin cn v mt trong cc gc ca
ABC bng 60o l sin3A + sin3B + sin3C = 0.
66>
< Chng minh rng ABC l tam gic u nu cc gc ca n tho:
. sin sin sin = .
. cosAcosBcosC = sin sin sin .
67>
< Chng minh rng ABC cn nu cc gc ca n tho h thc:
A+B
tan2A + tan2B = 2tan2
.
2
68>
< Chng minh rng ABC vung hoc cn nu:
acosB bcosA = asinA bsinB
trong a, b, c ln lt l cc cnh i din vi cc gc A, B, C.
69>
< Tnh s o gc C ca ABC bit sinA + sinB + sinC 2sin sin = 2sin .
. sin10o + sin20o + sin30o + sin40o + sin50o =

Bi t p
IS

70>
< Tm cc gc ca ABC nu: sinA + sinB cosC = .
71>
< Nu A, B, C l 3 gc ca ABC. Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc:
P = 3cosA + 3(cosB + cosC).

2011

10

BI T P N T P CHNG 2 + 3
1. V th ri lp bng bin thin ca cc hm
s: . y = 2x x2.
. y = x2 3x
+.. y = x2 2 x + 1 .
. y = x2 + 2 x 3.
. y = x2 + 2x + 3 .

8. V th (C) ca hm s y = x2 x. Dng th bin lun theo m s

. y =-2x2 x 1.
. y = |x2 4x + 3|

. y = (x 1)(2x + 1).

2. Tm a, b sao cho th hm s y = ax2 + bx

+ 1: . i qua 2 im M(1;1), N(2;3).
. i qua im A(2;3) v c trc i xng x = .
. i qua im B(3;1) v nh c tung 1.
3. Tm a, b, c sao cho th hm s y = ax2 + bx + c:
. C nh S(3;1) v i qua im A(6,8).
. Ct trc honh ti im M(1;0), ct trc tung ti im N(0;3) v c
trc i xng l ng thng x = 1.
. i qua 3 im A(2;0), B(1;3), C(1;3).
. i qua 2 im M(4;7), N(2;5) v tip xc vi .thng y = 2x 10.

4. Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh sau:

. (a + 1)x = (a + 1)2. . (a2 4)x = a3 + 8.
. (a + 2)x = 4 a2.
. m(mx 3) = 2 x.
. m(x 4m) + x + 3 = 2 mx.
. m(3x m) = x 2.
. m(mx 1) = (2m + 3)x + 1.
2
. m (1 x) = m(x + 2) + 3.
. m(mx 1) = 4(m 1)x 2.
!0. m2(x 1) = m(2x + 1).
!1. m(m2x 1) = 1 x.
m 2 x + 1 m 2 x + 3 m + 9x

=
.
!2. m2(1 mx) = 4(2x + m + 3).
!3.
2
3
6
2(x + 1)
a
x 1
1
=1
!4. x
.
!5. x 2 (1 ) =
.
1 a
a 1
a
3a
5. Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh sau:
. 3 x = m.
. x m = x 4.

. mx + 3 = 2x m.

6. Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh sau:

a
x +1
4
x +1
= a. .
= 2. .
= 2m. .
= 2m.
.
x+2
2a x
mx
2m x
7. Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh:
. (m 2)x2 2(m + 1)x + m = 0. . (m2 1)x2 2(m + 1)x + 1 = 0.
. (x 2)(mx + 2 m) =2 0.
. x2 (m + 1)x + 2m 2 = 0.

9 Cho phng trnh (m 3)x2 2(m + 2)x + m + 1 = 0.

. nh m phng trnh c nghim. Tnh nghim x2 khi bit x1 = 2.
1
1
. nh m phng trnh c 2 nghim x1, x2 tha
+
= 10.
x1 x 2
. Tm h thc gia 2 nghim x1, x2 c lp i vi m.
10 Cho phng trnh (m2 1)x2 2(m 1)x + 3 = 0.
. nh m phng trnh c 1 nghim, tm nghim ny.
. nh m ph.trnh c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 tha: x1 x2 + x2x1 = 6.
11. Cho phng trnh: mx2 + 2mx 2 + m = 0.
. nh m phng trnh v nghim.
. nh m phng trnh c t nht 1 nghim dng.
. nh m phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 1. Lp phng
1
1
,
.
trnh bc hai c nghim l:
x1 + 1 x 2 + 1
12. Cho phng trnh (m 2)x2 + 2(m + 1)x + m 1 =
0. . nh m phng trnh c 2 nghim cng du.
. nh m phng trnh c nhiu nht 1 nghim dng.
. nh m phng trnh c 2 nghim x1, x2 tha x1 + x2 = 64.
13. Cho phng trnh x2 + 2(m + 3)x + m2 + 3 = 0.
. nh m phng trnh c 1 nghim bng 2. Tm nghim cn li.
. nh m phng trnh c 2 nghim x1, x2. Chng minh x1 + x2 8.
14 nh m ph.trnh 4x4 + 2(m + 1)x2 2m 1 = 0 c 4 nghim phn bit.
16. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m phng trnh x2 + mx + 1 = 0 c 2
nghim
x12 x 22
+ 2 > 7.
2
x1, x2 tho: x 2 x1
16 Cho phng trnh 2x2 + 2(2m + 1)x + 2m2 + m 1 =
0. . nh m phng trnh c ng 1 nghim
dng.

17. Tm m phng trnh x2 2(m + 1)x + 2m + 10 = 0 c nghim x1, x2 sao

cho x1 + x2 + 10x1x2 t gi tr nh nht.
<18 nh m ph. trnh 2x2 + 2(m + 1)x + m2 + 4m + 3 = 0 c nghim. Gi
x1, x2 l nghim ca phng trnh, tm gi tr ln nht ca A = x1x2 2(x1 +
x2).

- 40 -

51>
< Chng minh:
. sin5osin55osin65o = sin15o.

Gc Lng Gic & Cng Thc Lng Gic

. cos5ocos55ocos65o = cos15o.

. cos( )sin( )sin = sin .

1
sin 3
.
. . 1 2sin50o =
. 4cos( )sin( ) =
sin
2 cos160o
sin(80o + 4)
.
= cos(40o + 2).
o
o
4sin(20 + )sin(70 )
. sin2 + cos( )cos( + ) = .
. sin22 cos( 2)sin(2 ) = . . sinsin3 = sin22 sin2.
!0. cos2(45o ) cos2(60o + ) cos75osin(75o 2) = sin2.
!1. cos2cos sin4sin cos3cos2 = 0.
52>
< n gin biu thc:
. sinsin(x) + sin2(). . sin22 + sin2 + cos(2+)cos(2).
. sin2(45o + ) sin2(30o ) sin15ocos(15o + 2).
. sin3cos3 + cos3sin3.
. sin3sin3 + cos3cos3.
53>
< Chng minh rng biu thc:
A = cos2(x a) + sin2(x b) 2cos(x a)sin(x b)sin(a b)
c lp i vi x.
Cng thc bin i tng thnh tch:
54>
< Nu sin + sin = , cos + cos = v < < 3, < < 0.

Tnh sin, cos, cos( + ).

55>
< Tnh cos nu sin + sin = , tan = , < < 3, < < 0.
sin 4 + sin10 sin 6
nu sin cos = m.
56>
< Tnh gi tr biu thc
cos 2 + 1 2sin 2 4
57>
< Chng minh:
. sin495o sin795o + sin1095o = 0.
. cos + cos2 + cos6 + cos7 = 4cos cos cos4.
. sin9 + sin10 + sin11 + sin12 = 4cos cossin

. cos2 cos3 cos4 + cos5 = 4sin sincos .

. sin14 sin5 sin16 + sin7 = 4sin sinsin .
. cos + sin + cos3 + sin3 = 22 cossin( + 2).
. cos36o sin18o = sin30o.

. cot70o + 4cos70o = 3.

Chng I

MNH TP HP
A Mnh

Mnh l mt cu c c tnh ng hay sai v phi tho 2 iu kin:

Mi mnh u phi hoc ng, hoc sai.
Mi mnh khng th va ng, va sai.
+ Ph nh ca mnh A, k hiu A:
Nu A ng th A sai, nu A sai th A ng.
+ Mnh ko theo: Mnh Nu A th B gi l mnh ko theo, k hiu A B:
A B sai nu A ng, B sai v ng trong cc trng hp cn li.
B A gi l mnh o ca A B.
+ Mnh tng ng: Mnh A nu v ch nu B gi l mnh tng
ng, k hiu A B:
A B ng nu A v B cng ng hoc cng sai.
Mnh "A hoc B" c k hiu l A B, mnh ny sai nu A v B u sai,
cc trng hp cn li u ng.
Mnh "A v B" c k hiu l A B, mnh ny ng nu A v B u ng,
cc trng hp cn li u sai.
Ph nh ca mnh A B l mnh A B: A
B = A B
Ph nh ca mnh A B l mnh A B: A
B = A B
Ph nh ca mnh A B l mnh A B: A
B = A B
+ Mnh cha bin: l 1 cu cha mt hay nhiu yu t khng xc nh v cu
tr thnh 1 mnh khi thay cc yu t khng xc nh bng nhng yu t xc nh,
yu t khng xc nh gi l bin.
+ Mnh Vi mi x, P(x) ng, k hiu x, P(x).

+ Mnh Tn ti x P(x) ng, k hiu x, P(x).

x, A(x) = x, A(x)

x, A(x) = x, A(x)
+ iu kin cn, iu kin :
* Nu mnh A B l 1 nh l th ta ni:
"A l iu kin c B".
"B l iu kin cn c A".
Lc ta c th pht biu nh l A B di dng:
" c B iu kin l A" hoc "iu kin c B l A".
" c A iu kin cn l B" hoc "iu kin cn c A l B".
* Nu A B l mt nh l v B A cng l mt nh l th B A gi l nh l o
ca nh l A B, lc A B gi l nh l thun, trong trng hp ny A B ng
v ta c th ni:
"A l iu kin cn v c B"
"B l iu kin cn v c A".

-2-

Mnh - Tp Hp

1/ Cu no trong cc cu sau l mnh . Xt tnh ng sai ca cc mnh v

tm mnh ph nh ca chng:
. 4.2 = 6.
. y + 5 > 2.
. Bn hy ngi xung. . 3 + 2.
. 23 l s nguyn t. . 2x + 4y = 7.
. Bn bao nhiu tui?
. 12 chia ht cho 3 v 7.
. im A nm trn ng thng AB.
2/ t cc k hiu , trc cc mnh cha bin c mnh ng:
. x + 2 > 3.
. a + 3 = 3 + a.
. 15 l bi s ca x.
. (x 2)2 > 1.
. x + 1 > y.
. (a b)(a + b) = a2 b2.
2
2
2
2
. (a b) = a b . . x > 0.
. (x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2.
!0. (x 2)2 = 1.
!1. (x + y)z = xz + yz. !2. x2 5x + 6 = 0.
3/ Xt tnh ng sai ca cc mnh sau v tm mnh ph nh ca chng:
. 2 < 3. . 2 = 2. . 1 l s nguyn t. . 15 khng chia ht cho 5.
. Ng gic u bt k c cc ng cho bng nhau.
. Mi s t nhin u chn .. Mi t gic u ni tip c ng trn.
. C mt s l bi s ca 5.
4/ Cp mnh sau c phi l ph nh ca nhau khng ? Nu khng th sa
li chng l ph nh ca nhau:
. 5 < 6; 5 > 6. . a l s chn; a l s l. . x l s m; x l s dng.
. ng thng a ct .thng b; ng thng a song song vi .thng b.
. C 1 s l c s ca 15; C 1 s khng l c s ca 15.
. Mi hnh thang u ni tip c ng trn;
Mi hnh thang u khng ni tip c ng trn.
5/ in vo ch trng lin t "v", "hoc" c mnh ng:
. < 4 ... > 5.
. ab = 0 khi a = 0 ... b = 0.
. ab 0 khi a 0 ... b 0. . ab > 0 khi a > 0 ... b > 0 ... a < 0 ... b < 0.
6/ in vo ch trng t "iu kin cn" hay "iu kin " hay "iu kin cn
v " c mnh ng:
. tch ca 2 s l chn, .... l mt trong hai s chn.
. 1 tam gic l cn, .... l tt c cc ng cao ca n u bng nhau.
. 1 s chia ht cho 8 l s chia ht cho 4 v cho 2.
. ab = 0 l a = 0.
. x2 > 0 l x 0.
. 1 t gic l hnh vung, .... l tt c cc gc ca n u vung.
7/ Pht biu cc nh l sau s dng khi nim iu kin cn:
. Nu 2 cung trn 1 ng trn bng nhau th 2 dy tng ng bng nhau
. Nu t gic T l mt h.bnh hnh th n c 2 cnh i din bng nhau.
. Nu im M cch u 2 cnh ca gc xOy th M nm trn ng phn

gic ca xOy.

- 39 -

Nguy n Vi t L c
!0. 4(sin4x + cos4x) 4(sin6x + cos6x) 1.

!2. 32c os 415

o 1
0
8 3.

!1. costan2

s i n2
+ sincot 2 cos 2
.
48>
< Chng minh:
1
cos + sin
3 + 4 cos 2 + cos 4
. .
= cot4.
. tan2 +
=
cos 2 cos sin
3 4 cos 2 + cos 4
. cos2 sin22 = cos2cos2 2sin2cos2.
. 3 4cos2 + cos4 = 8sin4. . cos4 = cos4 + cos2 + .
. 8cos % cos cos = 1.

. cos cos = .

. sin18 sin54 = .

. cos260osin130ocos160o = .

!0. cos cos cos% cos cos = . !1. tan142o30 = 2+2 3 6.

!2. cos50o + 8cos200ocos220ocos80o = 2sin265o.
!3. cos4.tan2 = sin4 tan2. !4. cos2 sin2.cot = 1.
!5. (cos cos)2 + (sin sin)2 = 4sin2 .
!6. sin18o = .
!7. 8sin318o + 8sin218o = 1.
!8. cot tan = 2cot2.
2
sin 4
cos2 tan sin2
!9. sin6 cos6 =
@0.
= tan2.
cos.
4
cos2cot + sin2
2
tan 3 3 tan
@1.
@2. sin8 + cos8 = cos8 + cos4 + .
=
.
2
tan 1 3tan
@3. 8 + 4tan + 2tan + tan = cot .
sin( + 3)
cos(3 2)
= tan( . ).
@4.
@5.
= cot( + ).
2 5
1 sin(3 )
2sin ( 4 + )
Cng thc bin i
Cng thc bin i tch thnh tng
49>
< Tnh:
. sincos nu sinx = % (0 < x < ). . sinsin nu sin( x) = .
. coscos nu cot( x) = % (0 < x < ).
. sin( + )sin( ) nu sin = , cos = .
50>
< Tnh:
. cos cos .
. sin sin .
2
2
2
. sin + sin + sin % .
. sin20osin40osin60osin80o.
. tan20otan40otan60otan80o.
. sin sin sin sin sin .
sin 7
1
2sin70o.
2(cos2 + cos4 + cos6).
.
.
o
sin
2sin10

- 38 -

35>
<
36>
<
37>
<
38>
<

Gc Lng Gic & Cng Thc Lng Gic

Tm gc tho < < nu tan2 = .

Tm x nu bit tan = x + 1, tan = x 1, tan(2 + 2) = % .
Tm m, M sao cho , m sin.cos.cos2 M v hiu M m nh nht
Chng minh nu cos = , tan = vi 0 < , < th + 2 = .

2
2
39>
< Nu a, b l 2 gc nhn tho 3sin a + 2sin b = 1 . Chng minh a + 2b =
3sin 2a 2sin 2b = 0

40>
<
Chng minh biu thc

p cos3 cos 3 psin 3 + sin 3

+
(p: hng s)
cos
sin

khng ph thuc vo .
41>
< nh m biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo :
. cos2 msin2 + 3cos2 + 1.
. sin6 + cos6 + m(sin4 + cos4) + (m + 1)sin22.
. m(2msin 1) 4(m2 1)sinsin2 + 2(m + 1)cos2 2sin.
. m(sin8 + cos8) + (2m 1)(cos4 sin4) + cos2 + 4.
42>
< nh p, q biu thc p(sin6 + cos6) q(sin4 + cos4) + sin22
khng ph thuc .
43>
< Chng minh nu tan.tan = 1 th sin2 = sin2 v cos2 = cos2.
44>
< Chng minh nu A v B l 2 gc nhn ca 1 tam gic vung th:
sin2A + sin2B = 4sinA.sinB.
45>
< Chng minh rng trong ABC:
1
1
1
A
B
C
A
B
C
= (tan + tan + tan + cot cot cot ).
+
+
2
2
2
2
2
2
sin A sin B sin C
46>
< Tnh khng dng bng:
. cos cos% cos .
. sin270osin250osin210o.
. sin4 + sin4 + cos4 + cos4 .
47>
< n gin biu thc:
2sin sin 2
2cos sin 2
( < < 2). .
.
.
2
2sin + sin 2
sin sin + cos 2
tan 2 cos 2 cos 2
2sin 2
.
.
.
sin2.
1 + cos( 2)
cos 2
1 + cot2.cot
sin 6 cos(6 )
.
+
.
.
.
sin 2
cos 2
tan +cot
1
3
1 + sin + 1 sin
(0 < < ). .
.
.

o
sin10
cos10o
1 + sin 1 sin
. 5sin42x 4sin22xcos22x cos42x + 3cos4x.

Nguy n Vi t L c

-3-

8/ Pht biu cc nh l sau s dng khi nim iu kin :

. Nu 2 tam gic bng nhau th chng c t nht 1 cnh bng nhau.
. Nu t gic T l mt h.thoi th n c 2 ng cho vung gc vi nhau.
. Nu s a tn cng bng ch s 0 th n chia ht cho 5.
9/ Hy sa li (nu cn) cc mnh sau c mnh ng:
. 2 tam gic l bng nhau, iu kin cn v l cc gc tng ng
ca chng bng nhau.
. t gic T l hnh bnh hnh, iu kin l n c 2 cnh i din
bng nhau.
. iu kin s a chia ht cho 5 l a tn cng bng ch s 0 hoc 5.
10>
< Cc mnh sau ng hay sai, gii thch:
. Mi s nguyn t u l.
. x, x2 > x.
. n, n2 + n + 41 nguyn t.
. Nu xy > 4 th x > 2 v y > 2.
. Mt tng bt k chia ht cho 3 th tng s hng ca tng chia ht cho 3.
11>
< Chng minh cc mnh sau bng phn chng:
. Nu ab l th a v b u l.
. Nu a2 = b2 th a = b (a, b > 0).
2
2
. Nu x + y = 0 th x = y = 0. . Nu x 1 v y 1 th x+y+xy 1
. Nu hai ng thng phn bit cng vung gc vi 1 ng thng th
ba th chng song song vi nhau.
. Nu a + b < 2 th 1 trong 2 s a v b nh hn 1.
. Nu a1a2 2(b1 + b2) th t nht 1 trong 2 phng trnh x2 + a1x + b1= 0,
2
x + a2x + b2 = 0 c nghim.
12>
< Phn tch cc mnh sau v xt tnh ng sai ca chng:
. 2 l s nguyn chn.
. 5 l s dng hoc l s nguyn.
. 15 v 17 l hai s l.
. 2 l s dng cn 2 l s v t.
. 2 > 5 hoc 2 < 5.
. 3 v 5 l 2 s nguyn t.
. S 5 ln hn 3, nh hn 7. . 2 l s hu t hoc l s nguyn.
. ABC v DEF bng nhau. !0. Hnh thoi l hnh vung hoc l t gic.
!1. Hai ng thng a v b vung gc vi nhau.
!2. ABC v DEF l hai tam gic vung v bng nhau.
!3. 15 v 17 l hai s l nguyn t cng nhau.
!4. S 15 chia ht cho 3 nhng khng chia ht cho 4.
!5. 4.5 = 2.10 = 19.
!6. S 15 chia ht cho 4 hoc 5.
!7. Phng trnh x + 5 = 2 c nghim cn ph.trnh x + 5 = x v nghim.
!8. Nu ab l s chn th a hoc b l s chn.
!9. Nu x > 2 v y > 2 th xy > 4.
@0. Nu mt s tn cng bng 5 hoc 0 th n chia ht cho 5.

-4-

Mnh - Tp Hp

13>
< Ph nh cc mnh (mnh cha bin) sau:
. ABC vung cn. . S a ln hn hoc nh hn 0. . 4 < x < 5.
. Hai gc A v B khng bng nhau m cng khng b nhau.
. x, x < 3 x < 3.
. C 1 ng thng i qua 1 im v vung gc vi 1 .thng cho trc.
. Nu xy > 4 th x > 2 v y > 2.
. Nu a hoc b chn th ab chn.
. Nu s a chia ht cho 5 th n tn cng bng 0 hoc 5.
!0. Nu t gic T l hnh bnh hnh v c 2 ng cho bng nhau th n l
hnh ch nht.

B Tp Hp
+ Tp hp con:

A B x, x A x B.

Ta thng gp mt s tp con ca tp sau y:

(a;b) = {x / a < x < b}: khong.

[a;b] = {x / a x b}: on.

(a;b] = {x / a < x b},

[a;b) = {x / a x < b}: na khong.

(;a] = {x / x a},

(;a) = {x / x < a},

[b;+) = { x / x b},

(b;+) = {x / x > b}, ...

Nh vy = (;+),
+ Tp hp bng nhau:

A = B A B v B A.

+ Php giao:

A B = {x / x A v x B}.

+ Php hp:

A B = {x / x A hoc x B}.

+ Hiu ca 2 tp hp:

A \ B = {x / x A v x B}.

+ Phn b: Nu A E,

EA = E \ A.

14>
< Cc mnh sau ng hay sai:
. a = {a}.
. a {a}.
. {a} {a}.
. .
. .
. {}.
. = {0}.
. {0}.
. = {}.
!0. {1, 2} {1, 2, {1, 2, 3}}.
!1. {1, 2} {1, 2, {1, 2, 3}}.
!2. {1, 2} {1, 2, {1, 2}}.
15>
< Trong cc tp hp sau, tp hp no l tp :
. Tp cc nghim nguyn ca phng trnh x2 + 9 = 0.
. Tp cc nghim nguyn ca phng trnh x2 9 = 0.
. Tp cc s t nhin nh hn 0. . Tp cc s nguyn nh hn 7.
. Tp cc s nguyn t nh hn 7.
. Tp cc s nguyn t ln hn 7 v nh hn 11.
n2 1
16>
< Cho A = { x / x =
, n }. S no trong cc s 0, , , , , 4 l
2
phn t ca A.

Nguy n Vi t L c

- 37 -

sin( ).sin( + )
= cos2sin2.
1 tan 2.cot 2
tan + tan tan tan
2
+
+ 2 tan 2 =
.
.
tan( + )
tan( )
cos 2
. tan( ).tan.tan = tan tan tan( ).
sin 2 ( )
2 cos( )
. cot2 + cot2
+2=
.
sin sin
sin 2 .sin 2
. tan6 tan4 tan2 = tan6.tan4.tan2.
. tan20o + tan40o + 3tan20o.tan40o = 3.
. tan830o + tan770o + tan740o = tan470o.tan410o.tan380o.
!0. cot80o.cot70o + cot70o.cot30o + cot30o.cot80o = 1.
!1. tan( ) + tan( ) + tan( ) = tan( )tan( )tan( ).
3 tan 2
= tan(60o + ).tan(60o ).
!2.
2
1 3tan
27>
< n gin biu thc:
cos(45o ) cos(45o + )
sin( + ) + sin( )
.
.
.
.
cos( + ) cos( )
sin(45o + ) sin(45o )

. sin(2x )cos(x 3) + sin(2x )cos(x + ).

28>
< Tm iu kin ca v sin( + ) = 3sin( ) tan = 2tan.
29>
< Chng minh nu sin(2 + ) = 2sin th tan( + ) = 3tan.
30>
< Tnh A = a.sin2( + ) + b.sin( + )cos( + ) + c.cos2( + ) bit tan
v tan l nghim ca phng trnh ax2 + bx + c = 0.
Cng thc nhn
31>
< Tnh:
. sin2 nu sin cos = m.
. sin nu sin + cos = .
o
o
. tan2 nu cos( 90 ) = 0,2 (90 < < 180o).
. cot2 nu sin( 90o) = (270o < < 360o).
. sin, cos nu: a. cos = 0,6 (< < ). b. sin2 = ( << ).
. cos8x sin8x nu cos2x = m.
. sin6x + cos6x nu cos2x = n.
32>
< Chng minh sin v tan c cng du k (k ).
33>
< Tm tan( 2) nu sin = v khng thuc v cung phn t I.

3 vi 0o < x < 90o. Tnh cos 2x v suy ra gi tr ca x.

34>
< Cho sinx = 2
Trong trng hp 90o < x < 180o, tm gi tr ca x.

- 36 -

Gc Lng Gic & Cng Thc Lng Gic

Cng thc cng

15>
< Tnh: . sin(60 ) nu tan = , 270o < < 360o.
. cos(70o + ) nu sin(40o + ) = b, 0 < < 45o.
. tan( + 30o) nu cos = , 270o < < 360o.
o

. tan( ) nu tan = , cos = , 0 < , < .

. sin( + ) nu sin = , cos = , tan = %, 0 < , , < .
. tan .tan + tan .tan + tan .tan nu x + y + z = .
16>
< Tm tan nu cot( + ) = 2 v tan = 3.
17>
< Tm + nu cot = 4, cot = v 0 < , < .
18>
< Chng minh nu tan = 5, cot = v 0 < , < th + = .
19>
< Chng minh nu sin = , sin = v , l gc nhn th + = 60o.

Tm x nu bit tan = , tan = v + = .

Tm + nu tan v tan l nghim ca phng trnh 6x2 5x + 1 = 0.
Bit + = . Tnh (1 + tan)(1 + tan).
Nu A, B, C l cc gc ca 1 tam gic vi C t. Ch. minh tanA.tanB < 1.
cos A sin A
=
th
24>
< Nu A, B l cc gc ca 1 tam gic. Chng minh nu
cos B sin B
tam gic cn.
25>
< Gi s A, B, C l cc gc ca 1 tam gic. Chng minh :
sin C
= tanA + tanB.
. sinA.sinB cosC = cosA.cosB.
.
cos A.cos B
. tan tan + tan tan + tan tan = 1.
. tanA + tanB + tanC = tanAtanBtanC.
. cotAcotB + cotBcotC + cotCcotA = 1.
. cot + cot + cot = cot cot cot .
. sin2A+sin2B+sin2C = 2(sinBsinCcosA +sinCsinAcosB+sinAsinBcosC)
sin A2
sin B2
sin C2
+
+
= 2.
.
cos B2 cos C2 cos A2 cos C2 cos A2 cos B2
26>
< Chng minh:
sin( + ) 2sin cos
.
= tan( ).
2sin sin + cos( + )
20>
<
21>
<
22>
<
23>
<

cos 63o cos 3o cos87o cos 27o

.
= tan24o.
o
o
o
o
cos132 cos 72 cos 42 cos18

-5-

17>
< Lit k cc phn t ca tp hp:
. A = {x / x = 3k vi k v 7 < x < 12}.
. B = {x / x = ()n vi n v x }.
. C = {x / x < 4}.

. D = {x / 2 < x 5}.

. E = {x / 2x = 3}.

. F = {x / 2x + 1 < 18}.

. G = {x / x c 2 ch s v ch s hng chc ca n l 3}.

. H = {x / x2 25}.

. I = {x / 2x3 3x2 5x = 0}.

!0. J = {x / (2x x2)(2x2 3x 2) = 0}.

!1. K = {x / (x2 2x 3)(3x2 + 4x) = 0}.
!2. L = {x / x4 6x2 + 5 = 0}. !3. M = {x / 0x = 0}
!4. N = {(x;y) / 7x + 4y = 100, x, y }
18>
< Cho M = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 61}. Hy xc nh cc tp hp sau bng phng
php lit k:
. A = {x M / 2x M}. . B = {x M / x 1 M v x + 1 M}.
. C = {x M / x chn hoc l bi s ca 3}.
. D = {x M / y M, x + y = 6}.
. E = {x M / y M, y x, khi chia x cho y cn d 1}.
19>
< Cho X = {x / x = , n }. Xc nh tp hp A = {x X / x } bng
phng php lit k.
20>
< Cho B = { 35, 32, 21, 4, 0, , 3, 4, 8, 9, 16, 21}. Tm cc tp con
ca B c phn t l s t nhin, s nguyn, s l, s m, s l bi s ca 6.
21>
< Lit k cc tp hp con ca ca cc tp hp sau:
. A = {1}. . B = {x / x3 + x2 6x = 0}. . C = {x / x2 3 = 0}.
22>
< Cho A = {x / 0 < x2 < 6}. A c bao nhiu tp hp con? Vit cc tp
hp con ca A c 0 phn t, 1 phn t, 2 phn t.
23>
< Xt quan h "" hay "=" gia cc tp hp sau:
. A = {x / x chn}, B = {x / x chia ht cho 12}.
. A = {x / x2 3x + 2 = 0}, B = {x / x 2 = 0}.
. A = {x / x2 + 1 = 0}, B = {x / x2 4 = 0}.
. A = {x / (x2 4)(x x2) = 0},

B = {x / (x2 3x + 2)(x4 3x2) = 0}.

. A = {x / x 0}, B = {x / x2 x = 0}.
. A = {x / (x2 + 4)(x2 3x 4) = 0}, B = {x / 2x2 5 = 0}.

-6-

Mnh - Tp Hp

. A = {x / x < 7}, B = {x / x < 10}.

2

. A = {x / x l bi s ca 2}, B = {x /x l bi s ca 4}.
. A = {x / x l s chn}, B = {x / x2 l s chn}.
24>
< C bao nhiu tp hp X tho iu kin: {1, 2, 3} X {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
25>
< Cho A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4, x}. Tm x B A.
26>
< Cho A = {2, 5}, B = {5, x}, C = {x, y, 5}. Tm x, y A = B = C.
27>
< Cho A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 2, 3, x}. Tm x A = B.
28>
< Xc nh tp hp X bit {1, 3, 5, 7} v {3, 5, 7, 9} l cc tp hp con ca
X v X l tp hp con ca {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}.
29>
< Cho ng trn tm O v im A. Mt ct tuyn di ng qua A ct ng
trn ti B v C. Gi l tp hp cc trung im ca on BC v C l tp hp
cc im trn ng trn ng knh OA. Chng minh C. C th xy ra
trng hp = C khng?
30>
< C bao nhiu tp con ca tp hp A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} gm 2 phn t.
31>
< Cho A = {3, 2, 1, 0, 1}, B = {1, 0, 1, 2, 3}, C = {3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
. Tm A B, A B, A C, A C, B C.
. Tm A , B , A , B , (A B) , (A B) .
32>
< Cho X = {x / x2 + x 20 = 0}, Y = {x / x2 + x 12 = 0}. Lit k cc phn
t ca X Y, X Y, X \ Y, Y \ X.
33>
< Cho hai tp hp:

A = {x / x2 + x 12 = 0 v 2x2 7x + 3 = 0} v

B = {x / 3x2 13x + 12 = 0 hoc x2 3x = 0}.

. Lit k cc phn t ca A v B.
. Xc nh cc tp hp A B, A B, A \ B, B \ A.
34>
< Cho A = {x / x l c s ca 18}, B = {x / x l c s ca 24}.
Xc nh A \ B, A \ (A \ B).
35>
< Cho X l tp hp cc im cch u 2 im c nh A v B, Y l tp hp
cc im nhn A v B di 1 gc vung. Xc nh X Y.
36>
< Cho A = {1, 2}, B = {a, 5}, a . Xc nh A B, A B.
37>
< Cho A = [2;8), B = [5;+). Tm A B, A B, A \ B, B \ A.
38>
< Cho tp hp A tho iu kin:
A {1, 2, 3} = {1, 2, 3, 4} v A {1, 2, 3} = {1, 2}.
Xc nh tp hp A.
39>
< Cho A = {1, 2}, E = {1, 2, 4, 6}. Tm cc tp hp B E sao cho AB = E.

- 35 -

8/ Xc nh du ca tch s sin2.sin3.sin5.
9/ Tnh gi tr cc hm s lng gic khc bit:
. cos = (90o< <180o).
. sin = ( < < ).
. tan = (0o < < 90o).
. cot = 3 ( < < 2).
. cos = .
. sin = .
. tan = .
. cot = % .
o
o
10>
<
Tnh tan + cot nu cos = (90 < < 180 ).
11>
< Chng minh:
1 tan(90D + ) tan(180D + ) + 1
.
=
.
1 + cot(360D ) cot(270D ) 1
.

cot(270D ) cot 2 (360D ) 1

.
= 1.
1 tan 2 (180D ) cot(180o +)

. cot(180D + )
.

cos(270D )
1
=
.
D
1 cos(180 ) sin

tan( ) + tan 3 ( + )
cot 3 ( 52

) + cot( + )

= cot4.

12>
< n gin biu thc:
(cot44o + tan226o )cos406o
.
cot72o.cot18o.
o
cos316
2
D
cos (90 ) + cot 2 (90D + ) + 1
.
.
sin 2 (270D ) + tan 2 (270D + ) + 1

tan( ) 1 tan 2 ( )
.
.
1 tan 2 ( + ) tan( + )

sin 2 (90D + ) cos 2 (90D )

.
tan 2 (90D + ) cot 2 (90D )

cos 2 + 2sin 2 ( ) cos 2 + 4sin + sin 2 ( + )

+
.
cos (4sin + 1)
cos3 (4 )

cos(90o ) + tan(90o ) cot(180o + )

.
sin(90o + ).cot(270o )
13>
< Tnh:
. sin2 + cos2 + sin2 + cos2 . . cos0 + cos + cos +... + cos .
. cos95o + cos94o + cos93o + cos85o + cos86o + cos87o.
. tan1o.tan2o...tan89o.
14>
< Cho 3sin4x + 2cos4x = . Tnh A = 2sin4x+3cos4x.
.

B. Cng Thc Lng gic

- 34 -

Gc Lng Gic & Cng Thc Lng Gic

@3. 1 + tan + tan2 + tan3 =

tan 2 + cot3 tan 2

sin + cos
. @5.
.
=
3
tan3+cot2
tan 3
cos

2/ n gin biu thc:

. cos2(1 + sin2.tan2 + cos2.tan2).
4 tan 2
1
1

.
.
cot
+ cot . . 1 cos2 + 3sin2
1 + tan 2
sin
sin

cos 2 cot 2 + 1
1
1

.
. cos 1 +
+ tan 1
+ tan . .
sin 2 + tan 2 1
cos
cos

cos 2
sin 2
1
1

+
.
. sin2 1 +
+ cot 1
+ cot . .
1 tan 1 cot
sin
sin

)(c ot 1).
. (1 ta n
2

s i n
si n)
co
s co
s .
. (1
2

8
8
1 + sin
1 sin
!0.
. !1.
(90o < < 180o).

+
1 + cos 1 cos
1 sin
1 + sin
2
2
(1

co
t ) +
co
s (1
tan) ( < < 0).
!2. sin
!3. costan2
sin2 + sincot 2 c os2 ( < < ).
3/ Chng minh cc biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo :
(1 + sin ) 2 (cos cot )
tan 1 cot 2
.
.
.
.
.

(cos + cot) cos 2

tan 2 1 cot

(sin 2 + tan 2 + 1)(cos 2 cot 2 + 1)

1 sin 6 cos 6
.
.
.

(cos 2 + cot 2 + 1)(sin 2 + tan 2 1)

cos 2 sin 2
. 2(sin4 + cos4 + sin2cos2)2 (sin8 + cos8) .
tan 2 cos 2 cot 2 sin 2
1
3tan 2
6
.
!0
+

tan
.
.

cos 6
sin 2
cos 2
cos 2
. 3(sin4 + cos4) 2(sin6 + cos6).
. (sin4 + cos4 1)(tan2 + cot2 + 2).
. 3(sin8 cos8) + 4(cos6 2sin6) + 6sin4.
4/ nh p, q biu thc A = p(cos8x sin8x) + 4(cos6x 2sin6x) + qsin4x
khng ph thuc vo x.
5/ . Bit sin + cos = a. Tm sin cos, cos4 + sin4, cos7 + sin7
. Bit tan + cot = m. Tm tan2 + cot2, tan3 + cot3.
6/ Cho sin + tan = , tan sin = . Tnh cos.
.

7/ Cho tanx = 2. Tnh:

8cos3 x 2sin 3 x + cos x

.
2 cos x sin 3 x

-7-

40>
< Cho A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, B = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}. Tm tt c cc tp X bit X
A v X B.
41>
< Cho A = {x / x l bi s ca 2}, B = {x / x l bi s ca 3} v C

= {x / x l bi s ca 6}. Chng minh A B = C.

42>
< Cho 3 tp hp A = {a, c, f}, B = {b, c, f, g, h}, C = {b, d, f, h}.
. Xc nh A B, B C, C \ A. . Vit cc tp hp con ca A \ C.
. Kim chng rng A (B C) = (A B) (A C).
. So snh (A B) \ (A B) vi (A \ B) (B \ A).
43>
< Cho 3 tp hp: A = {x / (x 1)(x2 x 6) = 0}, B = {x / x2 < 5},

C = {x / x 4}.
. Lit k cc phn t ca A, B, C. . Xc nh B \ (A C), (B C) \ A
. Xc nh A (B C), (A B) (A C). Nhn xt.
. So snh B \ (A C) v (B \ A) (B \ C).
44>
< Cho X = {(x;y) / 2x 3y = 7}, Y = {(x;y) / 3x + 4y = 2}. Tm X Y.
45>
< Cho cc tp hp: E = {x / x < 10}, A = {x / x l v x < 9}, B =

{1, 2, 3, 6}, C ={x / x = 2n vi n v n < 4}.

. Kim chng rng A, B, C l cc tp hp con ca E.
. TmE(A B), (EA) (EB). Nhn xt.
46>
< Cho E = [10;4], A = [5;1], B = [3;2].

Tm EA, EB, E(A B), EA EB, E(A B), EA EB.

47>
< Cho A = (1;3] v B = [m;+). Tm A B, A B.
48>
< Cho A = (;2m 3) v B = (m + 1; +). Tm A B, A B.
49>
< Cho 2 khong A = (m;m + 1) v B = (2;1). Tm m A B l mt
khong. Hy xc nh khong .
50>
< Cho A = {x / x = 4n + 2, n }, B = {x / x = 3n, n }. Tm A B.

CS gn ng v sai s
51>
< Mt hnh lp phng c th tch l V = 180,57 0,05 (cm3). Xc nh cc
ch s chc. Vit th tch gn ng di dng chun.
52>
< Mt tam gic c 3 cnh o c nh sau:
a = 6,3 0,1 (cm); b = 10 0,2 (cm); c = 15 0,1 (cm).
Tnh chu vi tam gic v vit kt qu gn ng di dng chun.

HM S BC NHT & BC HAI

Chng 2

. Tp xc nh ca hm s
Hm s
Tp xc nh

y = P(x)

y = P(x):Q(x)

y = P(x)

y = P(x):Q(x)

y = P(x)

Q(x) 0

P(x) 0

Q(x) > 0

1/ Tm tp xc nh ca cc hm s:
. y = x2 x
3 . . y = 9 x2 + x2 4
. . y = x3 x2.
x +1
x +1
x3
2
. y = 4 x
. y =
.
.
2 2
x 2x 3
x + 2 x + 2x 3
2x + 1 3 4x
x2
.
+ x x 2.
. y =
. y =
x
| x | +4
|x|
x +1
2x 1
. . y =
+ x2 x. !0. y =
.
. y =
| x 3| + | x + 3|
| x | 1
x|x|4
!1. y =

x 2 + 2x + 3
.
| x 2 2x | + | x 1|

!2. y =

x+2
.
x|x|+4

!3. y =

x|x|+4
x

x2 1
.
x 2 2mx + m 2 2m + 3
3/ nh m tp xc nh ca cc hm s sau l :
x +1
2x + 1
. y = 2
. y =
.
.
x m+6
mx 2 + 4
x2 2
x2 1
.
.
. y = 2
. y =
x + 2mx + 4
mx 2 + 2mx + 4
4/ Xc nh a tp xc nh ca hm s y = 2x a + 2a 1 x
l mt
on c di bng 1.
2
2

x
+
.
5/ Cho hm s f(x) = a +
x 2a + 3
. Tm tp xc nh ca hm s.
. Xc nh a tp xc nh ca hm s cha on [1;1].
6/ nh a cc hm s sau xc nh trn [1;0):
1
x + 2a
. y =
. y =
.
+ x + 2 a +
6
.
x a +1
xa
7/ nh a cc hm s sau xc nh x > 2:
xa
a + 2x

a 1
.

3a + 4
+
.
. y = x
. y = 2x
x + a 1

2/ Bin lun theo m tp xc nh ca hm s y =

- 33 -

cos + cos = 2coscos

cos cos = 2sinsin

sin + sin = 2sincos

sin sin = 2cossin

1 + cos = 2cos

1 cos = 2sin2

1 + sin = 2cos2( )

1 sin = 2sin2( )

sin + cos = 2sin( + ) = 2cos( )

sin cos = 2sin( ) = 2cos( + )
A. Cc H Thc C Bn
1/ Chng minh:
. cos2x(2sin2x + cos2x) = 1 sin4x.
. (cosx + 1 + sinx)(cosx 1 + sinx) = 2sinxcosx.
. (1 sinx + cosx)2 = 2(1 sinx)(1 + cosx).
. sin2x(1 + cot2x) = 3cos2x(1 + tan2x) 2.
. cos4x sin4x = cos2x(1 tanx)(1 + tanx).
. cos2(2tan + 1)(tan + 2) 5sincos = 2.
. sin3(1 + cot) + cos3(1 + tan) = sin + cos.
. 3(sin4x + cos4x) 2(sin6x + cos6x) = 1.
1 2cos 2 x
1 2sin 2 x
1 tanx
.
.
. tanx cotx =
!0.
=
sinxcosx
1 + 2sinxcosx 1 + tanx
sin 4 + cos 4
1
sin 2 tan 2
!1. 2 +
!2
.
.
= tan6.
=
sin 2cos 2
cos 2 sin 2
cos 2 cot 2
1
1
!3. (1 +
+ tan)(1
+ tan) = 2tan.
cos
cos
cos3 + sin 3
sin 2
cos 2
= cos + sin. !5. 1
= sincos.

!4.
1 sincos
1 + cot 1 + tan
cos
tan
!6.
=
. !7. tan2 sin2 = sin4(1 + tan2)
cos
(1 + sin )(cot cos )
2

tan + cot
sin 3
1
!8.
= cos(1 + cos)
. !9.
=
tan sin
sin cos
sin +cos
sin 4 x + cos 4 x 1 2
4
1 cos 1 + cos
= .
.
.
@0. 1 +
@1
+
=
1

2
sin 6 x + cos 6 x 1 3
1 + cos 1 cos sin
@2.

cos 2 cos 2
1 sin
1 + sin
2
+
=
. @4. cot2 cot2 =
1 + sin
1 sin cos
sin 2sin 2

Chng 6

-9-

GC LNG GIC &

CNG THC LNG GIC

I . Cc h thc c bn:
cos2 + sin2 = 1
tan.cot = 1 ( k)
1
sin
tan =
1 + tan2 =
( + k)
( + k)
cos
cos 2
cos
1
cot =
1 + cot2 =
( k)
( k)
sin
sin 2
II. Gi tr lng gic ca cc gc c lin quan c bit:

+ +

cos
sin
sin cos cos sin
sin
cos
sin
cos
cos
sin
sin cos cos sin
tan
cot
cot tan
tan
cot
cot tan
cot
tan
tan cot
cot
tan
tan cot
III. Cng thc cng:
cos(a b) = cosacosb + sinasinb
cos(a + b) = cosacosb sinasinb
sin(a + b) = sinacosb + sinbcosa
sin(a b) = sinacosb sinbcosa
tan a + tan b
tan a tan b
tan(a + b) =
tan(a b) =
1 tan a tan b
1 + tan a tan b
IV. Cng thc nhn:
. Cng thc nhn i:
cos2a = cos2a sin2a = 2cos2a 1 = 1 2sin2a.
2 tan a
sin2a = 2sinacosa.
tan2a =
.
1 tan 2 a
. Cng thc h bc:
1 + cos 2a
1 cos 2a
sin2a =
.
.
cos2a =
2
2
V. Cng thc bin i:
. Cng thc bin i tch thnh tng:
cosa.cosb = [cos(a + b) + cos(a b)]
sina.sinb

= [cos(a + b) cos(a b)]

sina.cosb = [sin(a + b) + sin(a b)]

. Cng thc bin i tng thnh tch:

. Tnh n iu ca hm s:
Gi s x1 x2, xt hiu s f(x2) f(x1) suy ra t s

f (x 2 ) f (x1 )
,
x 2 x1

f (x 2 ) f (x1 )
> 0: hm s ng bin trn (a;b)
x 2 x1
f (x 2 ) f (x1 )
+ Nu x1, x2 (a;b),
< 0: hm s nghch bin trn (a;b)
x 2 x1
+ Nu x1, x2 (a;b),

8/ Xt s bin thin ca hm s:
. y = x2 2x + 5.
. y = 2x2 + x + 1.
2
. y = 2x
.

x
2. . y = x2
1. . y =
x 1

. y = 2 x.
x 1
. y =
.
2x + 1

. Tnh chn l ca hm s: xt tnh chn l ca hm s, lm theo cc bc:

+ Tm tp xc nh D.
+ Nu D khng l tp i xng: hm s khng chn, khng l.
Nu D l tp i xng, xt f( x):
Nu x, f( x) = f(x): hm s chn
Nu x, f( x) = f(x): hm s l
Nu x: f( x) f(x): hm s khng c tnh chn l.

9/ Xt tnh chn l ca cc hm s:
. y = x2 2x + 2.

. y =

x3
.
1 x2

. y =

. y = 2x + 1 2x 1.

x2 1
1
+ 1
x .
. y = x +

1) + x(x
+ 1).
. y = x( x

1)2 + (x 1)2.
. y = (x +

. y =

x|x|
.
| x 2|| x + 2|

!0. y = 1 + x n u x 0 .
1 x n u x > 0
!3. y = x2
2 x.

1+ x 1 x
.
x2

. y =

x2 m
xm
!2
.
y
=
.
.
x 2 + 3mx
x 2 + 3mx
!4. y = 3x2 x 2.
!5. y = 2
x .

!1. y =

. Hm s bc nht v bc hai.

10>
< V th ri lp bng bin thin ca cc hm s:
. y = 3x 2. . y = 1 2x.
. y = 3x.

. y = (x 1).

. y = (3 x).
. y = 2x + x 2.
. y = |x 3| + |x + 5|.
. y = x + 1 n u x 1 .
. y = x 2 n u x > 3 .
5 3x n u x < 1
3 2x n u x 3

- 10 -

Hm S Bc Nht & Bc Hai

- 31 -

11>
< Tm a 3 ng thng y = 2x 1, y = 3 x, y = ax + 2 ng qui.
12>
< Tm a, b sao cho th hm s y = ax + b:
. i qua 2 im A(1;3), B(2;1).
. i qua im A(1;3) v song song vi ng thng y = 2x + 1.
. i qua im B(3;2) v vung gc vi ng thng y = x 3.
13>
< V th ri lp bng bin thin ca cc hm s:
. y = 2x x2. . y = x2 3x + .
. y = 2x2 x 1.

lch chun: s = s2
S trung v ca 1 mu gm N s liu c sp xp theo th t khng gim (hoc
khng tng), k hiu Me, l s ng gia dy nu N l v l trung bnh cng ca 2 s
ng gia dy nu N chn.
Mt ca mu s liu cho di dng bng phn b tn s, k hiu Mo, l gi tr c tn
s ln nht (c th c nhiu mt).

. y = x2 2x + 1.

. y = x2 + 2x 3.

. y = |x2 4x + 3|

. y = x2 + 2x + 3.

. y = x 1(2x + 1).

2
. y = x + 2x 3 n u x < 1 .
x + 1
n u x 1

2
!0. y = x + 3x n u x 1 .
2x 3
n u x < 1

14>
< Tm a, b sao cho th hm s y = ax + bx + 1:
. i qua 2 im M(1;1), N(2;3).
. i qua im A(2;3) v c trc i xng x = .
. i qua im B(3;1) v nh c tung 1.
15>
< Tm a, b, c sao cho th hm s y = ax2 + bx + c:
. C nh S(3;1) v i qua im A(6,8).
. Ct trc honh ti im M(1;0), ct trc tung ti im N(0;3) v c
trc i xng l ng thng x = 1.
. i qua 3 im A(2;0), B(1;3), C(1;3).
. i qua 2 im M(4;7), N(2;5) v tip xc vi .thng y = 2x 10.
16>
< Xc nh a, b, c sao cho hm s y = ax2 + bx + c t gi tr ln nht bng

khi x = v nhn gi tr bng 5 khi x = 2.

17>
< Tm a, b sao cho th hm s y = ax + b tip xc vi c hai parabol:
y = 8 3x 2x2 v y = 2 + 9x 2x2.
18>
< Dng th bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh x2 + 4x + m =0
19>
< V th (C) ca hm s y = x2 x. Dng th bin lun theo m s
nghim ca phng trnh x2 2x 1 = m.
20>
< V th hm s y = x2 3x + . nh m phng trnh x2 6x + 5
m = 0 c 4 nghim phn bit.

1/ im trong 1 bi thi ca 36 hc sinh c ghi nh sau:

4 15 12 10 10 6 17 8
6 12 11 7
12 5 14 11 7 10 10 17 15 5 4
8
11 8 10 7 8 11 8 14 10 6 10 10
. Lp bng phn b tn s.
. Lp bng phn b tn s ghp lp bng cch chia im s thnh 5 lp:
[3;5], [6;8], (mi lp c di bng 3).
2/ Cho cc s liu thng k:
111 112 112 113 114 114 115 114 115 116
112 113 113 114 115 114 116 117 113 115
. Lp bng phn b tn s - tn sut. . V biu tn s hnh ct.
. Tm s trung v v mt.
. Tm s trung bnh v lch chun.
3/ Chiu cao ca 500 hc sinh trong 1 trng:
Chiu cao cm [150;154) [154;158) [158;162) [162;166) [166;170]
Tn s
25
50
200
175
50
. V biu tn sut hnh ct.
. V ng gp khc tn sut.
. Tnh s trung bnh v lch chun.
4/ Kho st dn s 1 thnh ph tu theo s tui ta c bng kt qu:
trn 60t
Dn s di 20t
t 20t n 60t
40 100
11 800
23 800
4 500
V biu tn sut hnh qut.
5/ im Ton x v im L y ca 1 hc sinh nh sau:
x 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 10
y 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 9
Tnh s trung bnh v lch chun ca im Ton v L. Nhn xt.

Chng V

THNG K

Chng 3

| Trnh by mt mu s liu:
Cho mt mu s liu {x1, x2, , xk} c kch thc N gm k (k N) gi tr khc nhau.
Bng phn b tn s: gm 2 dng (hoc 2 ct):
Dng (ct) u ghi cc gi tr xi theo th t tng dn.
Dng (ct) th hai ghi tn s ni (s ln xut hin) ca mi gi tr xi.
Bng phn b tn s - tn sut:
Trong bng phn b tn s b sung mt dng (ct) th ba ghi tn sut fi (t s %
gia tn s ni v kch thc mu N).
Bng phn b tn s - tn sut ghp lp: Khi s liu c chia thnh nhiu khong
[a1;a2), [a2;a3), , [ak;ak + 1] hay on, mi khong hay on ny gi l 1 lp, ta c
bng phn b tn s - tn sut ghp lp.

} Biu :
Biu tn s - tn sut hnh ct (dng cho bng phn b tn s - tn sut ghp
lp):
V hai ng thng vung gc.
Trn trc honh nh du cc khong [ai;ai + 1) xc nh cc lp, trn trc tung ghi
tn s (tn sut).
V cc hnh ch nht c:
y nm trn trc honh c kch thc bng chiu di ca lp,
Chiu cao bng vi tn s (tn sut) tng ng vi lp .
ng gp khc tn s, tn sut:
V 2 ng thng vung gc.

V cc im Mi(xi;yi) vi xi =

a i + a i +1
l gi tr i din ca lp [ai;ai + 1), yi = ni
2

(hoc yi = fi).
Ni cc im Mi ta c ng gp khc tn s (tn sut).
Biu tn sut hnh qut:
V 1 hnh trn.
Chia hnh trn thnh nhng hnh qut c gc tm t l vi tn sut ca lp.

~ Cc s c trng ca mu s liu:

i vi mu s liu {x1, x2, , xN} kch thc N:

1 N
xi .
N i=1
2
lch chun: s = s .

S trung bnh: x =

Phng sai: s2 =

1 N
(x i x)2 = x2 (x)2.
N i =1

i vi mu s liu cho di dng mt bng phn b tn s - tn sut:

S trung bnh:

Phng sai:

trong xi =

1
nixi = fixi.
N
1
2
ni(xi x)2 = fi(xi x)2 = x2 (x) 2.
s =
N
x =

a i + a i +1
l gi tr i din ca lp [ai;ai + 1).
2

PHNG TRNH & H PHNG TRNH

. Phng trnh tng ng.

1/ Cc phng trnh sau c tng ng hay khng ?
. x2 = x3 v x = 1.
. x = 1 v x2 = 1.
. x + 2 = 0 v (x2 + 1)(x + 2) = 0. . x2 + 2x + 1 = 0 v x + 1 = 0.
x2
. 2
= 1 v x 2 = x2 5x + 6.
x 5x + 6
1
1
. 4x + 1
= 11 x
v 4x + 1 = 11 x.
x3
x3
. x 1 = 5x 2 v (x 1)2 = (5x 2)2.
. x + 12 + x = 18 x + x v x + 12 = 18 x.
2x 3 5 2x
=
. 2x 3 = 5 2x v
.
x 1
x 1
2
x
4 v x2 2 = x2 + 2x 4.
!0. x2 2 = x2 +

x = (6 x)1 x v 3x 2 = 6 x.
!1. (3x 2)1
+
1
) = 2.
!2. xx + 1 = 2 v x( x
. Phng trnh dng ax + b = 0.
ax + b = 0 ax = b
Cch gii:
Nu a 0: x = .
Nu a = 0: phng trnh c dng 0x = b.
+ b 0: phng trnh v nghim.
+ b = 0: phng trnh lun nghim ng x .

2/ Gii cc phng trnh sau:

. (3x + 7) (2x + 5) = 3.
. 2x + 5 = (3x 1) (x 6).
. (2x + 5) = (3x + 2) (x 6).
3/ Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh sau:
. (a + 1)x = (a + 1)2. . (a2 4)x = a3 + 8.
. (a + 2)x = 4 a2.
. m(mx 3) = 2 x.
. m(x 4m) + x + 3 = 2 mx.
. m(3x m) = x 2.
. m(mx 1) = (2m + 3)x + 1.
. m2(1 x) = m(x + 2) + 3.
. m(mx 1) = 4(m 1)x 2.
2
!0. m (x 1) = m(2x + 1).
!1. m(m2x 1) = 1 x.
m 2 x + 1 m 2 x + 3 m + 9x

=
.
!2. m2(1 mx) = 4(2x + m + 3).
!3.
2
3
6
2(x + 1)
a
x 1
1
=1
.
!4. x
!5. x 2 (1 ) =
.
1 a
a 1
a
3a

- 12 -

Phng Trnh & H Phng Trnh

2

4/ Cho phng trnh m (x 1) = 4(x m 3).

. nh m phng trnh c nghim x = 3.
. nh m phng trnh v nghim.
5/ nh a, b phng trnh (a + b 5)x = 2a b 1 lun tho x.
. Phng trnh dng ax2 + bx + c = 0 .
| Cch gii: Nu a = 0: phng trnh c dng bx + c = 0.

Nu a 0: Tnh = b 4ac.
* < 0: Phng trnh v nghim.
2

* > 0: Phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit x1,2 = .

Ch 1: 1. Nu b = 2b: tnh = b2 ac.
* < 0: Phng trnh v nghim.
* = 0: Phng trnh c nghim kp xo = .
* > 0: Phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit x1,2 = .
2. Nu a + b + c = 0: Phng trnh c 2 nghim x1 = 1, x2 = .
3. Nu a b + c = 0: Phng trnh c 2 nghim x1 = 1, x2 = .
2
Ch 2: 1. Nu phng trnh ax + bx + c = 0 c 2 nghim x1,2 th:
2
ax + bx + c = a(x x1)(x x2).
2. Nu bit 1 nghim ca phng trnh l xo th:
c
xo

).

5 + 5
x = 4.
. x +

x
2
= 7.
. 3x + 3

10 x + 3 = 4x

2
3 .
. x +

x
+
3
2 x = 9x
+
7 x
2
.
. 11
2 + 9
x
+
5
2x2 +
x

1
= x2
1
.
. 4x
. x +
2
+ x 2 = 4x 15 + 4x2 4
.
. 3x
2
+ x
1
= 4x 9 + 23x2
5
x
+ 2.

y Nu x1, x2 l 2 nghim ca phng trnh ax2 + bx + c = 0 th:

P = x1.x2 = .
y o li, nu c 2 s x1, x2 sao cho x1 + x2 = S, x1.x2 = P th x1 v x2 l nghim ca
2
phng trnh x Sx + P = 0.

~. Du cc nghim s ca phng trnh ax2 + bx + c = 0:

Phng trnh c 2 nghim tri du (x1 < 0 < x2) P < 0.

>0
Phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit cng du (x1.x2 > 0)
P>0

> 0
P > 0 .
S > 0
> 0
y Phng trnh c 2 nghim m phn bit (x1 < x2 < 0) P > 0 .
S < 0
y Phng trnh c 2 nghim dng phn bit (x1 > x2 > 0)

x
= x2 .
!0. x 6 + 3

!1. 4x +
!2. 3(2 + x 2) = 2x + x +
1 3x

2 = .
6 .
41>
< Gii cc bt phng trnh:
. x +
. x + 1 2 + x
. 2x2
7
< x.
.
3x
5 x 1.

3 x
+
3 < 2x + 1.
. x2 +

3) (2

x
) < 2x + 3.
. (x

6
.x
12 < x 1.
. x

2
x
+
7 x2 2x.
. 6x2 1

2x 2 + 7x 4
1 x
1
< 3.
.
< .
2
2x 5
x+4
42>
< Gii cc bt phng trnh:
> x + 3.
. x 2 x.
. 2x + 14
.

!0.

1
3 x

>

1
.
x2

2x > 4 x.
. x2

. x2
5x 24
x + 2.

. (x
+
4
) ( x + 3
) > 6 x.

8
x
1
2 .
. x + 4 x

4
x
+ 5
> 2x2 8x.
. x2

| x | x + .
.

x +
2 8
.
. (x + 1)(x + 4) < 5x2 + 5

}. nh l Vite:

S = x1 + x2 =

+ 1
= 2x +
4
.
. 7x

3
+ 5
2
x x2 + 4x 6 = 0.
. 2x

* = 0: Phng trnh c nghim kp xo = .

ax2 + bx + c = (x xo)(ax +

- 29 -

3x 1
3 x
x3 + 8
!1.
!2.
< 1.
> x 2.
> 1.
2x
x
15 x
43>
< Gii cc bt phng trnh:
x2 9.
1
> x2 1.
. (x 3)x2 + 4
. (x + 1)x2 +
!0.

. x +
3
x
1 < x
2
.

. x +
3
2x 8 + 7
x

. 3x
+ 5
x
+
7
3x +
5
x +
2 > 1.
2

3
0.
. (x 12)x
.

1 1 4x 2
< 3.
x

. (x 2)x2 +
1 > x2 + 2.

x
2 0.
. (x 1)x2
!0.

9x 2 4
5x 2 1

3x + 2.

- 28 -

Bt ng Thc & Bt Phng Trnh

B 0
A B A 0
2
A B

B0
A B B < 0
A0
A B2

35>
< Gii cc phng trnh:
. |x2 3x 5| = 2x 1.
. x2 + 4x |x + 2| 8 = 0.
. |x2 4x + 3| + |x2 5x + 6| = 1.
36>
< Gii cc bt phng trnh:
. |x2 4x| < 5.
. |x2 3x| + x 2 < 0.
. x2 + 6x 4|x + 3| 12 > 0.
37>
< Gii cc bt phng trnh:
. |2x2 9x + 15| 20.
. |x2 3x + 2| x + 2.

. |x2 5|x| + 4| |2x2 3|x| + 1|.

3
+ 18 0.
. x2 8x
| x 4|

x 2 5x + 4
1.
x2 4

B > 0
A < B A 0
2
A < B

B0
A > B B < 0
A0
A > B2

. x2 + 4|x 3| 7x + 11 = 0.
. |x2 9| + |x + 2| = 5.
. 2x2 |x 2| 9x 9.
. |3x2 + 5x 8| < x2 1.
. |x2 + 6x + 8| x2 6x 8.
. |x 6| x2 5x + 9.
. |x2 + 3x| 2 x2.

. x2 4x 2|x 2| + 1 0.
38>
< Gii cc bt phng trnh:
. |2x2 x 10| > |x2 8x 22|.

. |x2 3x + 2| > 3x x2 2.
. |x2 2x + a| |x2 3x a|.
. x2 + 10x

| x 2 2x | +4
1.
x2 + | x + 2 |

5
+ 4 > 0.
| x + 5|
.

2 3| x |
> 1.
1+ | x |

| x 2 2x | 1 2x
4
| x 3|
|x 1|. !0. 2
2. !1. 2
0.
| x + 1| 2
x 2+ | x 2 + 3x |
x 5x + 6
39>
< Gii cc phng trnh:
. 2x +
5 = x + 2. . 2x 2 +
8 x + 7 2 = x. . 4 6x x2 = x + 4.
.

. x2 + 2x2 3x +
11 = 3x + 4.
. (x + 1)x +
x 2 = 2x + 2.
x2
.
= x 6.
2x 7
40>
< Gii cc phng trnh:
2

. x 1
.2x + 6 = x + 3.
. (x + 1)16x
+
17 = 8x2 15x 23.
x+3
= 3x +
.
1 .
x 1

- 13 -

6/ Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh:

. (m 2)x2 2(m + 1)x + m = 0. . (m2 1)x2 2(m + 1)x + 1 = 0.
. (x 2)(mx + 2 m) = 0.
. x2 (m + 1)x + 2m 2 = 0.
2
7/ Cho phng trnh (m 3)x 2(m + 2)x + m + 1 = 0.
. nh m phng trnh c nghim. Tnh nghim x2 khi bit x1 = 2.
1
1
. nh m phng trnh c 2 nghim x1, x2 tha
+
= 10.
x1 x 2
. Tm h thc gia 2 nghim x1, x2 c lp i vi m.
8/ Cho phng trnh (m2 1)x2 2(m 1)x + 3 = 0.
. nh m phng trnh c 1 nghim, tm nghim ny.
. nh m ph.trnh c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 tha: x1 x2 + x2 x1 = 6.
9/ Cho phng trnh: mx2 + 2mx 2 + m = 0.
. nh m phng trnh v nghim.
. nh m phng trnh c t nht 1 nghim dng.
. nh m phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2 1. Lp phng
1
1
,
trnh bc hai c nghim l:
.
x1 + 1 x 2 + 1
10>
< Cho phng trnh (m 2)x2 + 2(m + 1)x + m 1 = 0.
. nh m phng trnh c 2 nghim cng du.
. nh m phng trnh c nhiu nht 1 nghim dng.
. nh m phng trnh c 2 nghim x1, x2 tha x1 + x2 = 64.
11>
< Cho phng trnh x2 + 2(m + 3)x + m2 + 3 = 0.
. nh m phng trnh c 1 nghim bng 2. Tm nghim cn li.
. nh m phng trnh c 2 nghim x1, x2. Chng minh x1 + x2 8.
12>
< nh m ph.trnh 4x4 + 2(m + 1)x2 2m 1 = 0 c 4 nghim phn bit.
13>
< Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m phng trnh x2 + mx + 1 = 0 c 2 nghim
x2 x2
x1, x2 tho: 12 + 22 > 7.
x 2 x1
14>.
< Cho phng trnh 2x2 + 2(2m + 1)x + 2m2 + m 1 = 0.
. nh m phng trnh c ng 1 nghim dng.
. nh m phng trnh c 2 nghim x1, x2 sao cho x1 + x2 nh nht.
15>
< Tm m phng trnh x2 2(m + 1)x + 2m + 10 = 0 c nghim x1, x2 sao
cho x1 + x2 + 10x1x2 t gi tr nh nht.
16>.
< nh m ph. trnh 2x2 + 2(m + 1)x + m2 + 4m + 3 = 0 c nghim. Gi x1,
x2 l nghim ca phng trnh, tm gi tr ln nht ca A = x1x2 2(x1 + x2).

- 14 -

Phng Trnh & H Phng Trnh

2 2

17>.
< Cho phng trnh a x 2ax + 1 b = 0
. Xc nh a, b phng trnh c 1 nghim.
. Tm h thc lin h gia a v b phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit
x1, x2 tha x1 + x2 = 4.
18>
< . nh m phng trnh mx2 2(m 1)x + 3(m 2) = 0 c 2 nghim
phn bit x1, x2 tha x1 + 2x2 = 1.
. nh m phng trnh (m + 3)x2 3mx + 2m = 0 c 2 nghim phn
bit x1, x2 tho 2x1 x2 = 3.
. Xc nh k phng trnh 3x2 (3k 2)x 3k 1 = 0 c 2 nghim x1,
x2 tho 3x1 5x2 = 6.
. Xc nh c phng trnh x2 2x + c = 0 c nghim x1, x2 tha iu
kin 7x2 4x1 = 47.
. nh m phng trnh 3x2 2(m + 2)x + 1 m = 0 c 2 nghim phn
bit x1, x2 tha x1 x2= 2.
19>
< Cho phng trnh (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 4)(x + 5) = a.
. Gii phng trnh khi a = 10.
. nh a phng trnh c ng 3 nghim.
20>
< Nu v l nghim ca phng trnh x2 + 4x 1 = 0. Khng gii
phng trnh ny, tnh gi tr ca:
1
1
1
1
. 2 + 2.
. 3 + 3. . 2 + 2 .
.
+
.
2

(2 + 1)
(2 + 1) 2
21>
< Nu x1 v x2 l nghim ca phng trnh x2 + 4x 1 = 0. Khng gii
phng trnh tnh x1 + x2 .
22>
< Nu x1 v x2 l nghim ca phng trnh ax2 + bx + c = 0. Khng gii
phng trnh lp phng trnh bc hai mi c nghim l:
. x1 + 1, x2 + 1.
. x1 + x2, x1.x2.
. 2x1 + 3x2, 3x1 + 2x2.
x1
x2
1
1
,
.
.
. (x1 + x2)2, (x1 x2)2. .
.
,
x1 x 2
x 2 1 x1 1
2

23>
< . Gii phng trnh x + px + 35 = 0 nu tng bnh phng cc nghim
ca phng trnh bng 74.
. Gii phng trnh x2 x q = 0 nu tng lp phng cc nghim ca
n bng 19.
24>
< . Vi gi tr no ca k th tng 2 nghim ca ph.trnh x2 2k(x1) 1 = 0
bng tng bnh phng 2 nghim.
. Vi gi tr no ca a th t s 2 nghim ca ph.trnh x2 (2a+1)x + a2 = 0
bng .

- 27 -

26>
< nh m cc phng trnh sau c nghim:
. x2 2(m 1)x + 2m + 1 = 0.
. (m 2)x2 2mx + 2m 3 = 0.
27>
< nh m phng trnh (m 2)x2 + mx + 1 = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit.
28>
< nh m cc bt phng trnh sau c nghim ng x :
. 2x2 2(2m 1)x + m(m + 1) 0.

. x2 mx + m + 3 > 0.

. (m1)x2 (m5)x + m1 0. . (m2 m + 1)x2 2(m + 2)x + 1 0.

. (m22m3)x2 2(m3)x + 1 > 0. . ( 2m2+m+1)x2 + 2(m+3)x 2 < 0.
. (3 + 2m m2)x2 + (2m 1)x 1 0.
. mx2 mx 5 < 0.
x 2 + mx 2
2.
x2 x + 1
29>
< nh m hm s y = (m +
1 )x 2 2(m 1) x +
3 m 3 xc nh x .
30>
< nh m bt phng trnh:
. (m 2)x2 2mx + 2m + 3 > 0 c nghim.
. (3m 2)x2 + 2mx + 3m 0 v nghim.
31>
< nh m bt ph.trnh:
. x2 + mx + m 1 < 0 nghim ng x [1;2].

!0. 3

. (m2 1)x2 + 2(m 1)x + 2 > 0.

. x2 2(m + 1)x + m2 + 2m 0 c tho x [0;1].

. x2 2mx + m2 1 > 0 nghim ng x (0;2).
. x2 (2m + 5)x + m2 + 5m 0 c tho x (1;+).

2
c nghim.
32>
< nh m h x 2 3x + 2 0
2
x + (2m + 1)x + m + m 2 0
33>
< nh m bt phng trnh:
. mx2 2(m 4)x + m 0 nghim ng x 0.
. x2 2mx + |x m| + 2 > 0 nghim ng x.

2
c nghim.
34>
< nh m h x 2 + 10x + 9 0
x 2x + 1 m 0
Phng trnh v bt phng trnh quy v bc hai.
B0 A0 A<0
A = B
A = B A = B
A = B
A = B A = B

A B B A B
B0
A = B
A = B2

A B A B A B

A = B B 0
A=B

- 26 -

Bt ng Thc & Bt Phng Trnh

22>
< Tm min nghim ca cc bt phng trnh:
. 2x 3y 12 > 0.
. y 4 < 0.
. x +2 > 0.
23>
< Tm min nghim ca bt phng trnh & h bt phng trnh sau:
3x 4y + 12 > 0
. . 2 < x y < 6. . (x 2)(y x + 2) < 0.
. x y + 2 < 0
x 1 > 0
. (x + y 1)(3x + y 1) > 0.
. (x + y)(y 3x) > 0.
. Tam thc bc hai - Bt phng trnh bc hai.
1/ Tam thc bc hai f(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a 0)

Nghim ca tam thc l nghim ca phng trnh ax2 + bx + c = 0.

Du ca tam thc bc hai: Cho tam thc f(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a 0) v = b2 4ac.
Nu < 0 th f(x) lun cng du vi a vi mi x:
2
a > 0 ax + bx + c > 0 x.

a < 0 ax + bx + c < 0 x.

Nu = 0 th f(x) c nghim kp x = v f(x) lun cng du vi a x :

2
2
a > 0 ax + bx + c > 0 x (ax + bx + c 0 x).

a < 0 ax + bx + c < 0 x (ax + bx + c 0 x).

2

x1
x2
+
x
f(x)
+ 0 0 +

a<0

x
x1
x2
+
f(x)
0 + 0

2/ Bt phng trnh bc hai ax2 + bx + c > 0 (, <, )

Cch gii: Xt du tam thc v chn nghim thch hp.

iu kin tam thc lun dng hoc m:

{
{
x, ax + bx + c < 0 {a < 0 . x, ax + bx + c 0 {a < 0 .
<0
0
x, ax2 + bx + c > 0 a > 0 . x, ax2 + bx + c 0 a > 0 .
<0
0
2

. Vi gi tr nguyn no ca k th ph.trnh 4x (3k + 2)x + k 1 = 0 c

b. x1 = 2x2.
2 nghim x1, x2 tha: a. x1 = x2 + 1.
. Vi gi tr dng no ca c th phng trnh 8x2 6x + 9c2 = 0 c hai
nghim x1, x2 tha x1 = x2.
. Tm p, q phng trnh x2 + px + q = 0 c hai nghim x1, x2 tha:
a. x1 x2 = 5.
b. x1 x2 = 35.
25>
< di cnh gc vung ca 1 tam gic vung l nghim ca phng trnh
ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a > 0). Khng gii phng trnh tm di cnh huyn, din
tch hnh trn ngoi tip, bn knh ng trn ni tip ca tam gic.
26>
< Vi gi tr no ca a th tng bnh phng 2 nghim ca phng trnh
x2 + ax + a 2 = 0
l nh nht.
27>
< Gi s a, b, c l di 3 cnh ca 1 tam gic. Chng minh rng phng
trnh: (a2 + b2 c2)x2 4abx + a2 + b2 c2 = 0 lun c nghim.

Nu > 0 th f(x) c 2 nghim phn bit x1,2 v:

a>0

- 15 2

24>
< Gii cc bt phng trnh:
9x 30
14
14x
x 2 + 6x 7
2.
.
. 2x > 5
. .
>
.
2
x4
x+3
x +1
x +1
5x + 4
7
x+2
9
.
.
.
+
+ 1 < 0.

x+3
(x 2)(x 3)
1 x
x3
25>
< Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca hm s:
x+2
x +1
. y = 2
. y =
.
.
2
x + 3x + 3
2x x 1

. Phng trnh quy v phng trnh bc nht hoc bc hai.

28>
< Gii cc phng trnh sau:
6x x 2 6
3
2
1
2
2x 3
.
.
= . .

= 1. .
+1=
x 1
x 1 x
x 1 x + 2
x 1
29>
< Gii cc phng trnh:
. (x2 + 2x)2 7(x2 + 2x) + 6 = 0. . x4 22x2 x + 2 2 = 0.
1
3
10
x 1
3x
5
+
. .
= .
.
=

2
2
2
x
2x 2
2
2x x + 1 2x x + 3
2x x + 7
. x4 + x3 10x2 + x + 1 = 0.
. 6x4 + 25x3 + 12x2 25x + 6 = 0.
. (x 1)x(x + 1)(x + 2) = 3.
. (6x + 5)2(3x + 2)(x + 1) = 35.
. 4(x + 5)(x + 6)(x + 10)(x + 12) = 3x2.
!0. (x 6)(x 2)(x + 1)(x + 3) = 7x2.
!1. (x + 3)4 + (x + 1)4 = 20.
!2.(x 2)4 + (x 3)4 = 1.
2
2
2
!3. 2(x + 6x + 1) + 5(x + 6x + 1)(x2 + 1) + 2(x2 + 1)2 = 0.
30>
< Gii cc phng trnh sau:
. x + 2 = 1.
. 2x 1 = x + 3.
. 3x 4 = 4 5x.
. 2x 3 = 3 2x.
31>
< Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh sau:
. 3 x = m.
. x m = x 4. . mx + 3 = 2x m.

- 16 -

Phng Trnh & H Phng Trnh

32>
< Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh sau:
a
x +1
4
x +1
= a. .
= 2. .
= 2m. .
= 2m.
.
x+2
2a x
mx
2m x
4mx m(mx 1)
mx + 2m + 3
xm
x+2
= 2. .
.
= m2. .
=
.
1 x
2x + 1
x 1
x +1
1
2x m
x+m
3
2x + 2
2x + 2
. .
.

+
=
= 0. !0.
= 3.
x +1
x 1
x 2a
xm
xm
3 ax
33>
< nh m cc phng trnh sau v nghim:
mx + 2
mx m 3
.
.
= 3.
= 1.
x + m 1
x +1
34>
< nh m cc phng trnh sau c nghim:
x2 m
2m 3
mx 1
x + m = 1.
.
.
.
m + 4 = 0.
= 2.
x+3
x 2m
x +1
m(mx + 1)
35>.
< nh m phng trnh
= 1 c nghim duy nht xo. Tm m
x +1
sao cho xo .
36>
< Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh:
2x 2 x + 2
1
.
. x + 1 +
= x + m.
= m(x 3).
x 1
x 1
x 2 + (m + 2)x m
3x + m
= 3x.
.
.
= x 4.
x +1
2x
37>
< nh m phng trnh:
2mx 5m 1
.
= m(x + 2) 1 v nghim.
x2
2mx + 2m 1
2x 1
.
=2+
c nghim.
x 1
x +1
x 2 2mx + 2m 2 1
.
= 0 c 2 nghim phn bit.
x 2m 1
4mx + 1
= 1 m c ng 1 nghim.
.
(x 1) 2

- 25 -

16>
< nh m h bt phng trnh sau c nghim:
.
. m + 1 x > 0 .
. 3x 2 > 3 2x
2x 3m + 2 > 0
mx + 1 x 2m + 5
17>
< nh m h bt phng trnh sau v nghim:
.
. 2x 1 0
. mx m + 2 x + 1 .
m+2 x0
(m + 1)x m + 2 > 0

18>
< Gii v bin lun h m(x 2) x 3 .
(m + 1)x > mx + 1
19>
< Gii cc bt phng trnh:
. (x + 14)(8 x)(x + 5) > 0.

. (8 x)(1 x)2(10 x)3 0.

(x + 3)(2 x)
0.
(1 2x) 2

(x + 6) 2 (x 4)
0.
(7 x)5 (1 x) 2

13(5x 4)(2x 7)5

> 0.
(3x + 9)3

(x + 8)3 (x + 4)(8 x)5

< 0.
(x 4)5 (x + 5) 2

(4 x 2 )(x + 2)(x + 1)3

x + 7 x +1
+
0.
0.
.
2
2
x5 2x
(1 x) (x + 3)
20>
< Gii cc phng trnh v bt phng trnh:
. x 1 + x 3 = 3. . 2x + 1 > x + 4. . 2x 1 x 1.
.

. x 2x + 1 +3x + 2 = 0.
. x 3 + x + 2 x 4 = 3.
. |7 2x| < |3x 7| + |x + 2|.
!1. |x 1| + |2 x| > x + 3.

. 3 x < 4.

. 3x 1 x + 3.

. x 2 < 2x 10.
!0. |2x + 3| > |x| 4x 1.

(m 1) x + m + 1
> 0.
x 1
. Bt phng trnh bc nht 2 n - H bt phng trnh bc nht 2 n.

21>
< Gii v bin lun bt phng trnh:

1/ Bt phng trnh bc nht hai n ax + by + c > 0 (, <, ), (a2 + b2 0).

Min nghim ca bt phng trnh l tp hp cc im c to (x;y) tho bt
phng trnh.
Cch gii: V ng thng d: ax + by + c = 0.
Xt im M(xo;yo) d (thng chn im O(0;0)), trn min cha M:
axo + byo + c > 0 ax + by + c > 0.
axo + byo + c < 0 ax + by + c < 0.

2/ H bt phng trnh bc nht hai n:

Cch gii: V cc ng thng tng ng vi mi bt phng trnh trong h.
Xc nh min nghim ca mi bt phng trnh (gch b nhng min khng l
nghim), phn cn li l min nghim ca h.

- 24 -

Bt ng Thc & Bt Phng Trnh

. Bt phng trnh bc nht - H bt phng trnh bc nht.

| Cch gii bt phng trnh ax + b > 0:

. H phng trnh bc nht.

a x + b1 y = c1
H phng trnh bc nht 2 n: 1
.
a 2 x + b 2 y = c2

ax + b > 0 ax > b.

Nu a > 0: x > .
Nu a < 0: x < .
Nu a = 0: bt phng trnh c dng 0x + b > 0.
Nu b > 0: Bt phng trnh lun tha x .

Cch gii: t D =

Nu b 0: Bt phng trnh v nghim.

Cch gii: Gii tng bt phng trnh trong h.
Biu din cc nh nghim trn 1 trc theo th t tng dn t tri sang phi.
Gch b nhng khong khng l nghim ca mi bt phng trnh, phn trng
cn li l nghim ca h.

} Du ca nh thc bc nht f(x) = ax + b:

x
ax + b

+ a < 0
+

x
ax + b
+

12>
< Cc bt phng trnh sau c tng ng hay khng ?
. (2 x)2(x + 1) > 3(2 x)2 v x + 1 > 3.
1
1
. 2x 3
<x4
v 2x 3 < x 4.
x5
x5
x2 1
. 2
> 1 v x2 1 > x2 x + 1.
x x +1
1
1
>1+
v x3 > 1.
. x3 +
x3
x3
x+4
0 v (x + 4)(x 1) 0. . x + 1 x > 1 x 3 v x > 3.
.
x 1
4)2(x +
1) > 0 v x + 1 > 0. . x2 1 (x2 + x) 0 v x2 + x 0
. (x

x 2 + 5(x + 1)
x2
x +1
0 v
2 v
.
0. !0.
x+2
x+2
x+3
13>
< Gii v bin lun cc bt phng trnh:
. 2(x + m) 3(2mx + 1) > 6.
. m(mx 3) 2 x.
. m(mx 1) 4(m 1)x 2.

a1
a2

b1
c
, Dx = 1
b2
c2

b1
a
, Dy = 1
b2
a2

c1
c2

+ D 0: H c nghim duy nht (x;y) vi x = Dx:D, y = Dy:D.

} H bt phng trnh:

a>0

- 17 -

x2
2.
x+3

. m2(1 x) < m(x + 2) + 3.

. m(mx 1) (2m + 3)x + 1.

14>
< nh m bt phng trnh m(mx 1) < (2 m)x + 2 v nghim.
15>
< nh m 2 bt phng trnh sau tng ng:
. 2(x + m) 3(2mx + 1) > 6 v 2x + 1 < 0.
. mx m + 2 > 0 v (m + 2)x m + 1 > 0.

+ D = 0, Dx 0 hoc Dy 0: H v nghim.
+ D = Dx = Dy = 0: Xt c th.

38>
< Gii h phng trnh:
. 2x + 3y = 1 . . x + y = 3 . . x + 2y = 4 .
3x 2y = 9
2x + 2y = 8
y 3x = 7

{
. {y + x = 1 .
| y | x = 1

. x + y = 2 .
| 3x y |= 1

. 3x y = 1 .
12x 4y = 4

. | x 1| + y = 0 .
2x y = 1

4
3

+
= 4, 75

.
. | x 1| + | y 2 |= 1 .
. 2x + y 1 x + 2y 3
y = 3 | x 1|
3
2

= 2, 5
2x + y 1 x + 2y 3
39>
< Gii v bin lun h phng trnh:
. (m + 2)x 3y = 3m + 9 .
. mx + (m + 2)y = 1 .
x + (m 4)y = 2
x + my = m

2
. (m 2
(m

{
1)x + (m 1)y = m 1 . . ax + by = a + 1 .
{bx + ay = b + 1
+ 1)x + (m + 1)y = m + 1
3
3

. (a + b)x + (a b)y = a .
(2a b)x + (2a + b)y = b

2
= a2 b .
. a x by
2
bx b y = 2 + 4b

40>
< nh a, b, m h sau v nghim:

2
. 2x + (9m 2)y = 3m .
x + y =1

3
2
. m x + (2 m)y = m5 + 4 .
mx + (2m 1)y = m 2

. ax + 3y = a + 1
. .
2
(3a + 14)x + (a + 8)y = 5a + 5
41>
< nh a, b, k h sau c nghim:
.
. ax 3y = a
.
3x ay = a + 3

2
. 2x + (9k 2)y = 6k 2 .
x + y =1

+ (a + b)y = b a .
{(5(1 ++ a)x
a)x + 2(a + b)y = b 1

{axbx ++ byay == aa + bb .

2
2
. (2 k)x + k y = 3k + 2 .
(2k 1)x + ky = k 1

- 18 -

Phng Trnh & H Phng Trnh

- 23 -

c v s nghim.
42>
< nh m h 4x + my = m + 1
(m + 6)x + 2y = m + 3

!4. a2(1 + b2) + b2(1 + c2) + c2(1 + a2) 6abc (a, b, c 0).

2
43>
< nh a, b 2 h ax + 2y = b + 1 v 2x + y = a + 2 tng ng.
x+ y=3
x + 3y = 3

a )(1 + b)( 1 + c ) 1 + abc (a, b, c 0).

!6. (1 +

44>
< nh a, b hai h phng trnh sau cng v nghim:
(a + 1)x + (b + 1)y = 5b 1 v (a + 1)x + ay = b
.
(a 1)x + by = 2
3x + (4 a)y = 2b 1

{
{
45>
< Cho h {mx + (3m 2)y + m 3 = 0 .
2x + (m + 1)y 4 = 0

. nh m h c nghim duy nht, tm h thc c lp gia cc nghim

. nh m nguyn nghim duy nht ca h l nghim nguyn.
46>
< nh a tng xo + yo t gi tr nh nht bit (xo;yo) l nghim ca h
phng trnh: 3x y = 2 a .
x + 2y = a + 1

47>
< Gii cc h:
x + y z = 0
.
. 2x y + 3z = 9
3x + 4y + 2z = 11
x + 2 y 1 z 3
. 2 = 3 = 2 .
x + 2y 2z + 6 = 0

2x + 3y + z 1 = 0
. x 1 y + 1 z .
=
=
1
2
6
4x 3y 6z = 5
. x + 2 y 1 z + 5 .
=
=
4
4
3

. H phng trnh bc hai.

| H Phng Trnh c cha 1 phng trnh bc nht
Cch Gii: Dng phng php th.

48>
< Cho h

x + y = m +1
.
x 2 y + xy 2 = 2m 2 m 3

. Chng minh rng m, h lun c nghim.

x + y = 2a 1
49>.
< (x;y) l nghim ca h 2
. nh a xy nh nht.
x + y 2 = a 2 + 2a 3
. Gii h khi m = 3.

50>.
< Gii v bin lun h:

x+y=m
.
x 2 y 2 + 2x = 2

!5. ab(a + b) + bc(b + c) + ca (c + a) 6abc (a, b, c 0).

n

1+ x 1+ y 1+ z
*
!7.
+
3 (x, y, z dng tha xyz=1 v n ).
+
2 2 2
a 2 b2 c2 a b c
!8. a2 + b2 + c2 a + b + c nu abc = 1. !9. 2 + 2 + 2 + + .
b c a
b
c
a
Mt s dng khc
5/ Chng minh rng:
1
1
1
q 2 + p2 q 2 p (p q 0).
. 2pq
. 2 + 2 + " + 2 < 2.
1
2
n
1
1
1
1
. <
< 1 (n *).
+
+"+
2 n +1 n + 2
2n
a
b
c
d
. 1 <
+
+
+
< 2.
a+b+c b+c+d c+d+a d+a+b
Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht
6/ Tm GTLN ca hm s:
x 1
.
x2 .
x 2 .
. y = x4
. y =
. y = x + 2
x
7/ Tm GTNN ca hm s:
1
4
( 0 < x < 1).
. y = x + 2 (x > 0).
. y = 1 +
x(1 x)
x
. y = x2 + 1 + 2x +

a2
(a 0).
(x + 1) 2

ab c 2 + bc a 3 + ca b 4
(c 2, a 3, b 4).
abc
1
1
+
+ 4xy.
9/ Nu x, y > 0 v x + y 1, tm GTNN ca P = 2
2
xy
x +y
8/ Tm GTLN ca T =

10>
< Cho x, y thay i tha 0 x 3, 0 y 4. Tm GTLN ca:
A = (3 x)(4 y)(2x + 3y).
11>
< x, y, z l 3 s dng thay i tha x + y + z 1. Tm GTLN ca:
y
x
z
A=
+
+
.
x +1 y +1 z +1

- 22 -

Bt ng Thc & Bt Phng Trnh

#2. a + b + c k nu a, b, c > 0 v a + b + c = k..

2

a)( b 2 b ) (a + b)2 (a + b) nu a2 + b2 = 1 v ab > 0.

#3. 2(a2
#4. (1 + a1)(1 + a2)...(1 + an) 2n nu a1, a2,... , an > 0 v a1a2...an = 1.
#5. ab + bc + ca 0 nu a + b + c = 0.
#6. (x1 + x2)(z1 + z2) (y1 + y2) nu x1x2 > 0, x1z1 y1 , x2z2 y2.
a+b
c+b
1 1 2
+
4 nu a, b, c > 0 v + = .
#7.
2a b 2c b
a c b
1
1
1
#8. 3
1 nu x, y, z > 0 v xyz = 1.
+
+
x + y3 + 1 y3 + z 3 + 1 z 3 + x 3 + 1
2

1
a
b
c
1.
2 (a, b, c > 0).
#9. a + 2
$0.
+
+
a+b
b+c
c+a
a +1
$1. (ab + bc + ca)2 3abc(a + b + c) $2. a4 + b4 + c4 abc(a + b + c).
2

a 3 b3 c3
+
+
a + b + c (a, b, c > 0).
$3.
bc ca ab
$4. a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2 abc3(a 2 +
b 2 +
c2) (a, b, c 0).
$5. (1 + a)n + (1 +

1 n
) 2n + 1 (a > 0, n ).
a

4/ Chng minh rng:

a b c
. + + 3 (a, b, c > 0). . (p2 + p + 1)(q2 + q + 1) 9pq (p, q0).
b c a
. a6 + b6 + 1 3a2b2. . (x+y+z)(x+y+z)9xyz (x, y, z 0).
. (1 x)(2 y)(4x + y) 2 (0 x 1, 0 y 2).

a 6 + b6
a 6 + b9
3a2b2 4.
3a2b3 16 (b 0, a ).
.
2
4
2 3
1 1 1
9
a
(0 a 1). !0. + +
. a1
(a, b, c > 0).
a b c a+b+c
9
1
a
b
c
3
+
+
. a +
3 (a > b > 0). !1.
(a, b, c > 0).
b(a b)
b+c c+a a+b 2
2
2
2
9
!2.

+
+
(a, b, c > 0).
b+c c+a a+b
a+b+c
3
x
y
z
1
1
1

!3.
+
+
+
+
2
2
2
2 1+ x 1+ y 1+ z
1+ x
1+ y
1+ z
.

nu x, y, z 0 v x + y + z 3.

51>.
< Cho h

- 19 -

| x | + | y |= 1
.
x 2 + y2 = m

. Gii h khi m = .
52>.
< nh m h

. nh m h c nghim.
2

x + y = 1 c nghim duy nht.

x+y=m

} H i Xng: f (x, y) = 0 vi f(x,y) = f(y,x), g(x,y) = g(y,x)

g(x, y) = 0
Cch Gii: t S = x + y, P = x.y. iu kin c nghim: S2 4P 0

53>.
< Gii cc h sau:
2
2
. x + y = 5 .
x + y xy = 1

{
{

x + y + xy = 5
.
x 2 + y2 = 5

2
2
. x + y + x + y = 8 .
xy(x + 1)(y + 1) = 12

2
2
2
2

x + xy + y = 3
. . (x y)(x 2 y 2 ) = 3 . . x + y
2
2
x y + xy = 2
x y + xy = 1
(x + y)(x + y ) = 15
1 1

x+y+ + =5
2
2

x y
.
.
. x 4 + y 2 =2 5 4
.
1
1
2
2
x
x
y
y
13

+
=

x + y + 2 + 2 = 9
x
y

x+y=4
.
(x 2 + y 2 )(x 3 + y3 ) = 280

!0. xy + x 2 = 1 y .
xy + y = 1 x

x + y + xy = m
c nghim duy nht.
x 2 + y2 = m
55>
< Gii cc phng trnh:
1. . x2 + x +
5 = 5. . 9 x
+ x +
3 = 4.
. x3 + 1 = 2 2x
54>
< nh m h

x + y =a
56>
< Cho h
.
x + y xy = a
. Gii h khi a = 4.
57>
< nh a h sau c nghim:

. x + 1 + y + 2 = a .
x + y = 3a

. Vi gi tr no ca a th h c nghim.

. x + 1 y + 2 = a .
x + y = 3a

- 21 -

BT NG THC & BT PHNG TRNH

. Bt ng thc:
nh ngha:
a > b a b > 0.
a < b a b < 0.
. Bt ng thc Cauchy:
a 2 + b2
ab hay a2 + b2 2ab (a, b )

2
a+b

ab
hay a + b 2ab (a, b 0)
2
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi a = b.

. (p + 2)(q + 2)(p + q) 16pq (p, q 0). . a2 + b2 + c2 2 a(b + c).

. a2 + b2 + 1 ab + a + b.

Du = xy ra khi v ch khi a = b = c.

a + b = a + b ab 0.

!2. a + b + 2a2+ 2b2 2ab + 2ba + 2ab (a, b 0).

a b = a + b ab 0.

!3.

Dng nh ngha v bin i tng ng

1/ Chng minh rng:
1
2
. 2
. x8 + x2 + 1 > x5 + x
> 3
(a 2).
a 4a + 4 a 8
. a4 + b4 a3b + ab3.
. a4 + b4 2ab(a2 ab + b2).
. 2(x + y + z) (xy + yz + zx) 4

(x, y, z [0;2]).

. a + b + c 1 + a b + b c + c a (a, b, c [0;1]).
2

. a2 + b2 + c2 + 3 2(a + b + c).

!0. a + b + c ab +bc +ca (a, b, c 0). !1. 2a2 + b2 + c2 2a(b + c).

. Bt ng thc tam gic: ab a b a + b

x
y
+
y
2 + x2 + xz +
z 2 y2 + y
z +
z 2.
p dng: Chng minh rng: x2 +
Dng bt ng thc Cauchy
3/ Chng minh cc bt ng thc:
b
a b
. + 2 (a, b > 0).
. ca + 2ab (a, b, c > 0).
b a
c
4
y
x
a + bc
z
.
ab (a, b, c > 0). . (1+ )(1+ )(1+ )8 (x, y, z > 0).
2
x
z
y
2c
. (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) 8abc (a, b, c 0).

a+b+c
abc hay a + b + c 3 abc (a, b, c 0)

b2 + c2 + d2 (a +
c ) 2 +
( b + d)2 . Khi no du "=" xy ra.
!0. a2 +

. a2 + b2 + c2 5 nu a, b, c [0;2] v a + b + c = 3.
2/ Chng minh rng:

a2
b2
(a, b > 0)
+
b
a
2 > a3 +
b3 (a, b > 0).
. a + b < 1 + ab (a, b < 1). . a2 + b
. a + b > a + b (a, b > 0).

. a + b

a 3 + b3 a + b
.

(a, b > 0).

2
2
. 3(x + y + xy) 2(x2 + x +
1)( y
2 + y
+ 1).
b+c
4

(b, c > 0).

.
bc
b+c

. (ax + by)(bx + ay) (a + b)2xy (a, b 0, x, y ).

. x2 +xy + y
2 +y2 +
yz +
z 2 +z2 +zx
+
x2 3(x+y+z) (x, y, z > 0).

1 1 1
1
1
1
+ +
+
+
(a, b, c > 0).
a b c
bc
ca
ab
bc ca ab
!4.
a + b + c (a, b, c > 0).
+
+
a
b
c
a+b b+c c+a
+
+
!5.
@0.
6 (a, b, c > 0).
c
a
b
1 1
!6. x2 + y2 + + 2(x + y) (x, y > 0).
@1.
x y

!9.

x2
1
.
4
2
1+ x

1 + x2 3
.
1 + x4 2
1+ a
1+ b
+
3.
2
1+ a
1 + b2
!7. 3x + 2y + 4z xy + 3yz + 5zx (x, y, z 0).
x
4
a+b+5
+ 8 (0 < x < 1).
a + 2b (a, b 0).
!8.
@2.
1 x x
2
2
2
2
x +y
a +a+2
2x 2 + 1
22 (x > y, xy = 1). @4.
2. @5.
1.
@3.
xy
a2 + a + 1
4x 2 + 1
@6. 32 11
x + 7 +
x 6 ( 7 x 11).
1
+ 4b + 1
23.
@7. Nu a + b = 1, a > 0, b > 0 th 4a +
@8. mn(m + n) m3 + n3 (m, n 0).
@9. a2(1 + b4) + b2(1 + a4) (1 + a4)(1 + b4).
(m + k)(1 mk)
1
2
.
#0. (4 + x2)( 2 + + 1) > 16 (x > 0). #1. 2
x
(m + 1)(k 2 + 1)
x