TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.

HCM
KHOA CNG NGH HA HC
MN HC: CNG NGH CHT
HOT NG B MT
NI DUNG

TNG QUAN V CHT HOT NG B MT
Cu to
Phn phn cc (i nc, a
nc, ho nc) thng cha
cc nhm carboxylate, sulfonnate,
sulfate, amine bc bn.
phn khng phn cc (k
nc, ght nc hay i du,
ho du, a du) l cc gc
hydrocarbon

Lin kt ester: RC-
CH
2
CHOHCH
2
-
3
Na
Lin kt amide: R-
NHCOCH
2
SO
3
Na
Lin kt ether:
ROC
2
H
4
OSO
3
Na

Gc alkyl mch thng, C8-C18
Gc alkyl mch ngn C3-C12
gn vo nhn thm
Olefin nhnh C8-C20
Hydrocarbon t du m
Hydrocarbon mch di thu
c t phn ng CO, H
2


Phn loi
TNG QUAN V CHT HOT NG B MT
ng dng

NG DNG CHT HBM TRONG SN XUT
MARGAGINE
NG DNG CHT HBM TRONG SN XUT
MARGAGINE
Du thc vt
M ng vt
Nguyn liu ph
Ph gia
NG DNG CHT HBM TRONG SN XUT
MARGAGINE
NG DNG CHT HBM TRONG SN XUT
MARGAGINE
Qu trnh nh ha
Pha du
Pha nc
Cht nh ha
L mt nhm cht hot ng b mt.
Lm n nh s phn tn ca nhng i phn t hay nhng
hp phn khc, nh vo kh nng lm bn h nh tng.
Trong cu trc phn t ca cht nh ha c c phn ho
nc v phn ho bo.
NG DNG CHT HBM TRONG SN XUT
MARGAGINE
Lecithin l
cht to nh
cho php
trn cht
bo vi thc
phm ha
tan trong
nc.
Lecithin ca
lng
trng tham
gia n nh
nh ca du
trong nc.
Ngi ta cn
s dng
dng Lecithin
c
hydroxyl ha
tng tnh
tan ca
chng.
Lecithin
thng mi
c tch t
u tng
gm mt vi
phospholipid
khc nhau:
NHM LECITHIN V CC DN XUT
Phosphatidylchloline
Phosphatidylethanamine
Phosphatidylinositol
PHOSPHOLIPID
Phospholipid
l nhm lipid
phc tp.
Ngoi glycerin,
acid bo cn c
H
3
PO
4
v mt s
nhm cht khc.
Trong 3 nhm
OH ca
glycerin, 1 nhm
to lin kt ester
vi H
3
PO
4
to
nn acid
phosphatic.
Qua H
3
PO
4
ca
acid phosphatic
lin kt thm vi
cc cht khc s
to nn cc loi
phospholipid
khc nhau.
CNG THC CU TO MT VI
PHOSPHOLIPID
Phosphatidylethanamine
Phosphatidylinositol
CNG THC CU TO MT VI
PHOSPHOLIPID
Phosphatidylchloline
Cc phosphatid c c
tnh chung l khng tan
trong axeton.
Thng c dng
mc 5 20g/kg thc
phm.
Khi c 3 nhm hydroxyl ca
glycerin b ester ha, sn
phm to thnh l cht bo.
Cc mono v diglyceride
l cc sn phm ester ha
1 hay 2 nhm hydroxyl.
L nhm cht nh ha
c s dng rng ri
nht trong thc phm.
Lng dng 2,5 n
15g/kg thc phm.
Mi mt acid bo kt
hp vi nhm hydroxy
ca glyceryl hnh thnh
ester v tch ra 1 phn
t nc.
ESTER CA ACID BO V GLYCERIN (MG)
ESTER CA ACID BO V GLYCERIN (MG)
Glycerin ester acid bo c lm t glycerin, vt nui v cy trng
cc loi du/m hoc axit bo ca n.
Chng thng c sn xut bng phng php ester ha.
Glycerin c ba nhm hydroxyl, mt trong s l ester ha vi mt
acid bo v ester c gi l monoglyceride. Di-v glyxerit-tri c
hai v ba nhm acid bo ester ha nhm hydroxyl tng ng.
Mono & di glyxerit-c sn xut bng cch loi b cc glycerin t
hn hp.
CNG THC CU TO
Monoglyceride
Triglyceride diglyceride
Sodium alginate
Alginate l polysaccharide c chit xut t to
nu
Alginic Acid thng tn ti dng mui
Alginate Na, CA, Fe, Mg
tn ti di dng si, ht hay bt mu trng
n vng nu
c dng lm cht to ng, cht n nh, cht
to gel, cht nh ha
Sodium alginate
Cng thc cu to ca acid Alginic:
(C
6
H
6
O
6
)n

Sodium alginate
Tnh cht
Khng tan trong nc v dung mi hu c(nh
ethanol, ether v chloroform)

Tan chm trong cc dung dch Carbonate Natri,
Hydroxide Natri, TriNatri Phosphate.
khi ha tan cc Alginate vo nc s ngm
nc v to dung dch nht
c kh nng to mng rt tt. cc mng rt n
hi
c kh nng lm gim tht thot m
Sodium alginate
ng
dng
Sodium alginate
Quy trnh
sn xut,
iu ch
Alginate
Sodium alginate
Quy trnh
sn xut
ph mai
Carrageenan
Ngun gc
Rong sn
Kappaphycus alvarezii
Carrageenan
Carrageenan
Carrageenan
Carrageenan
Carrageenan
Carrageenan
C kh nng to gel
Mu hi vng, mu nu vng nht hay mu trng.
Dng bt th,mn v gn nh khng mi.
Khng tan trong ethanol, tan trong nc nhit khong
80
0
C to thnh dung dch st hay dung dch mu trng c
nht ty thuc vo loi carrageenan, khi lng phn
t, nhit , cc ion c mt v t l thun vi hm lng.
Carrageenan
Quy trnh sn xut carrageenan
Rong sn
Phi kh
To
gel
Nghin
Sy
X l kim
Lnh
ng
Lc
Nu
chit
Ra
Carrageenan
Ra
Carrageenan
ng
dng
pectin
L cht hot ng b mt anion
Pectin l mt polysaccharide tn ti ph bin
trong thc vt
pectin
thc vt pectin tn ti ch yu:
pectin ha tan
protopectin khng ha tan.
Da trn mc methoxy ha v
este ha
pectin c methoxyl ha cao
pectin c methoxyl ha thp
pectin
C kh nng to ra cu trc gel cho thc phm
Pectin u l nhng cht keo ho nc
ng dng
Gelatin
L cht hot ng b mt anion
lm t collagen ly trong da ln v xng gia sc
Gelatin
Cng thc
Gelatin
Quy trnh
sn xut
gelatin t
da c tra
Acid hoc kim
Nguyn liu
(da)
Nc
Trch ly
Lm sch
C c
Sy
X l nguyn liu th
Nghin-sng-trn
Sn phm
Gelatin
ng
dng

Cng thc ha hc:

Tnh
cht
vt l
Dng
bt mn
Khng
mu
Khng
mi
Khng
c hi
C

n
g

d

n
g

Chng li s thay i
tnh cht vt l ca sa
n nh h nh tng
Nguyn liu
Bt sa, sa ti, nc,
ng, du b, vitamin
Phi trn Hon nguyn
T = 10 50
0
C

hon nguyn

CMC
Lm ngui
Phi hng (t = 75
0
C)
Lc
Gia nhit s b
ng ha
Tit trng (pp gin tip)
Tr ti Alsafe (t = 20
0
C)
Rt bao b
Bao b
Tit trng
T = 139
0
C

T = 60 - 85
0
C

P = 200 250 bar

In code
Dn ng ht
ng mng co
V thng
In code thng
Sn phm sa
tit trng
ng ht
Mng co


To sn phm
ng c c
bn dai
Ngn chn
ng v
nc b kt
tinh
Gip dd
trng thi nh
khng b tch
lp
Kem, sa, b,
pho mt
Cht to
ng
n nh
h nh
tng
Thay i
kt cu
sn phm
n nh
cc tinh
th trong
bnh ko


Carrageenan c
kh nng lin kt
vi protein ca
thch da, lm
cho ht nh
tng thch da
nc bn
vng.
Thch da nng
c cha
carrageenan
c lm lnh s
to gel, gi cho
nh tng ca
sa vi nc
c bn vng,
khng b phn
lp.
Tc nhn chnh
trong qu trnh
to gel l do lin
kt gi cc ion
sulfat vi cc
ui mang in
ca cc phn t
protein v cc
cation Ca2+, K+
c mt trong
thch da.
Thnh phn c bn ca protein sa
Casein
Whey
protein
protein
thiu s
casein
- c nhiu nhm phosphate v
nhng nhm k nc trong phn t
casein,
chim gn 80% tng s protein
micelle casein l nhng phc cht cu to
t hng trm v hng nghn nhng phn
t n l v hnh thnh nn dung dch keo,
lm cho sa c mu trng
micelle casein
gm mt phc hp cc di-micelle, c ng knh
t 10 n 15 nm


Cu to mt micelle casein.
A: di-micelle;
B : chui b mt
C: Phosphat canxi
D: -casein
E: nhm phosphat
Whey proteins
chim gn 20% protein trong sa
Thnh phn amino axit ca chng c
xe xem l ti u sinh hoc
bin tnh trong gia nhit,gy nn s kt
t t, c bit vi micelle casein
Cc protein thiu s

Protein
mng
Enzym
trong
sa
Lactop
eroxida
se
Phosph
atase
Lipase
kem
Kem l h keo phc tp
ngi ta s dng cht nh ho
chung vi cht n nh, gip sn
phm t yu cu.
cht n nh polysaccharide thng lin kt
vi cht bo cakem lm gim kh nng
to thnh tinh th ln trong qu trnh bo
.

KEM
Cht bo
sa
ng
Protein
Mui
khong
Mono
glyceride
Sa chua
Sa chua l sn phm c cu trc ht gel v dng keo, cht nh
ha c tc dng nh cht to gel, cht lm dy v cht n nh
Trong sa chua hm lng cht bo t 0-3,5% cht bo
sa v 10-15% cht bo phi sa
s dng c ngun gc t nhin v gum c bin
tnh, chit xut t rong bin (Carrageenan, alginate) v
gelatin.
cc ph gia to nh
Cht nh ha l cht lm gim sc cng b mt ca cc pha trong h v
duy tr c s n nh cu trc ca h nh tng,a s l ester ca acid bo v
ru.

Lecithin l mt
phosphatit c l
cht to nh s
dng ph bin
nht
Guar gum c tnh cht
nh ho tt, c bit
thch hp cho h thng
nh tng du trong
nc
Alginate :Dng lm
cht n nh, cht
to ng, cht to
gel, cht nh ho
Ph gia lm c CMC
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) l mt polymer, l dn xut
cellulose vi cc nhm carboxymethyl (-CH
2
COOH) lin kt vi mt
s nhm hydroxyl ca cc glucopyranose monomer
Tnh cht
- L ch phm dng bt trng, hi vng, to dung dch dng keo vi
nc, khng ha tan trong ethanol.
-Dng trong thc phm vi liu lng 0,5-0,75%
-To khi ng vi m cao (98%).
-Cht n nh nh tng, s dng kim sot nht m khng gel.
-Cht lm c v cht n nh nh tng.
-CMC c s dng nh cht kt dnh khun mu cho cc ci tin do.

Ph gia to mu Riboflavin

Ngun gc
c nhiu trong cc sn phm :), sa, sa chua,nm men bnh
m,cc loi ht..
c tng hp bi cc t bo thc vt v vi sinh vt
Tnh cht
tinh th mu vng hoc da cam, t ha tan trong nc v
ethanol, khng ha tan trong cc dung mi cht bo.
gn vo protein s to nn cc enzim nh men vng Vacbua,
oxydaza D-axitamin, reductaza, xitocrom
Riboflavin tham gia vn chuyn hydro nhiu enzim
Vai tr
b sung vo cc loi thc phm to mu
c thm trc tip vo thc phm hot ng nh mt
sc t
ph gia chng oxy ha BHT (Butylated
Hydroxytoluene)

Tnh cht c im
-BHT dng s dng l tinh th trng, hnh si, khng v.
-Tan km trong nc, tan v hn trong etanol, toluen, xeton, axeton, d
bc hi v c th chng ct,
-C hot tnh chng oxy ha thp, vi s c mt ca st trong mt s sn
phm thc phm hay bao b, BHT c th to ra hp cht c mu vng.
-BHT c tc dng chng oxy ha km hn BHA
C ch chng
oxy ha

BHT chng oxy ho xc tc phn ng bng cch chuyn i cc gc t do peroxy
trong lin kt hydroperoxides. iu ny tc ng n chc nng chng oxi ho
bng cch n s quyn gp mt nguyn t hydro:
RO
2
+ ArOH ROOH + ARO
RO
2
+ ArO nonradical sn phm
R l alkyl hoc aryl, v ni ArOH l phenolic ca BHT hoc c lin quan n
cht chng oxy ha. Ngi ta thy rng BHT lin kt vi hai gc t do peroxy.
Lu : Ph gia chng oxy (BHT, BHA) khng ngn cn c qu trnh
t oxy ha ca du, khng khc c hu qu oxy ha

Cng dng
cht chng oxy ha c s dng
rng ri trong cc sn phm c
nhiu cht bo.
ngn nga s h hng v i kht
ca hng liu .
n nh v nh ha cho shortening,
c s dng mt mnh hay kt
hp vi bha v acid citric.
c t Liu lng cho php
s dng

BHT t c kh nng gy c cp tnhvi liu lng n vo l 50mg/kg
th trng
BHT c th l tc nhn xc tin cho
mt vi cht sinh ung th ha hc
Khi s dng di nng cho php khng gy ng
c cho c th. Liu dng cho sa bt, bt km kem
l 100 ML, vi thc n trng ming c sa l 90 ML.

ph gia bo qun Acid
benzoic: E210
Mt s loi cy
cha nhiu Acid
benzoic
Acid benzoic: E210

Cng thc
phn t:
Ngun gc-
iu ch
c nhiu trong v cy anh
o, qut, mn, hi v cy
ch
- oxi ho toluen bng acid nitric
hoc acid cromic
- decacboxyl ho anhidrit phtalic
.
Tnh cht
vt l
tinh th hnh kim hoc tm nh, mu
trng la ng nh, d tan trong ru
v te v nc nng,
acid tng i mnh
(pH=4,19) nn c tnh khng
khun cao.