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GL Typologio 2i
GL Typologio 2i
' .
is
.g
- 2
i) ,
,
ri
ii) ( ).
, ,
: ' ,
.
. .
.
: ' ,
za
.
.
: ,
w.
( ) .
: =
x
t
is
.g
, ( ) .
f :
ri
( ) t,
.
(A)
za
w.
, = x/t,
t = x = ( ), : =
1
, = f , :
= f
x , t.
.g
t x
y = A2( )
T
, :
: t=t1
is
t x
y = A2( + )
T
w.
za
ri
t x
: y = A2 1 y = A2
t1
= .
T
: x, x =x1,
:
is
.g
x
t x
y = A2 1 y = A2 1 = .
T
x=x1 t1 =
x1
t=0. t1 x1,
ri
: x =x1 x,
t x1
: = 2
T
x
= =
=2 t 1
x1
t
x
t
x
t
x
T
x
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
t1 =
=0, t =t1 2 = 0 = 0 = t1 =
za
w.
= 2
t
T
x1
t1 x=x1.
t=t1 :
t1 x
t=t1, : = 2
T
t
=2 1 x
2t1
t1 0
=
2
:
x =0
T
=
=2 1 x
t
x
t
x
x
t
1
1
1
x = t1 = x1
:
=0 0 = 2 = 0 = x =
is
.g
t x
= 2 1
T
x=x1=t1 t1. x1
t1 .
ri
( x=0) t1.
, x=x2-x1 , t.
1 2 t :
za
t x
t x
1 = 2 1 2 = 2 2
T
T
w.
2(x 2 x1 )
t x
t x 2t 2x1 2 t 2x 2 2x 2 2 x1
= 1 2 = 2 1 2 2 =
+
=
= =
T
T T
=
2x
t=t2-t1.
1(x=x1)
x. t2,t1 (t2>t1) 1 :
x
x
t
t
1 = 2 1 1 2 = 2 2 1
T
T
2t
x
t x 2t 2 2x1 2t1 2x1 2(t 2 t1 )
t
+
=
=
= 2 1 = 2 2 1 2 1 1 =
T
T
5
:
,
.g
is
.
.
ri
1,
2 r1 r2 ,
t r
y1 = A2 1
T
t r
y 2 = A2 2
T
za
r r
t r +r
y = 22 1 2 2 1 2
2
2
T
:
t r1 + r2
= 2
2
T
w.
r r
A' = 22 1 2
2
2. .
r1 r2 = = 0,1,2.....
,
2
= 0,1,2.....
is
r1 r2 = (2 + 1)
.g
. .
ri
>0. x.
za
t x
y1 = A2
T
t x
y 2 = A2 +
T
, ,
w.
2t
2x
: y = 2
:
2.
x = N , = 0,1,2,3......
2
: .
: x =
: x =
is
: x =
.g
x = (2 + 1) , = 0,1,2,3......
4
ri
.
.
w.
za
t=T/4 t=3T/4 ,
.
.
rad
2
.
2
.g
is
rad.
. .
ri
E
=c
B
za
c. :
.
,
w.
x, :
t x
E = E max 2
T
t x
= max 2
T
.g
is
1. ,
.
ri
2. r a, : a = r
w.
za
n : c
. : n =
n = 1
n > 1
10
n a b
=
n b a
(a) (b)
nb (a) ( n b < n a ),
.g
( b > a ).
is
(a) (b)
nb (a) ( n b > n a ),
Snell : ,
( b < a ).
(a) (b) o
n a a = n b b
a n b
=
b n a
ri
(a).
(b), n a > n b , : b > a .
za
w.
(a).
(b), n a < n b , : b < a
11
( )
, .
is
.g
, .
na b
=
n b a
a a
=
b b
f ( ).
ri
(a) (b)
nb (a) ( n b > n a ),
( a > b ).
(a) (b)
nb (a) ( n b < n a ),
( b > a ).
za
( )
, .
w.
( )
crit. :
crit =
nb
n
12
crit,
( 4). .
4 ,
.g
is
b n> nb. ,
n=n (nb=1), :
1
.
n
w.
za
ri
crit =
13