CHNG IV CC K THUT HIU CHNH C BN

hiu chnh mt i tng trong bn v AutoCAD vic u tin l ta ch nh i tng

no cn hiu chnh. AutoCAD tr gip cho chng ta 1 b ch nh i tng (Object Selection
Settings) vi cc phng php khc nhau c AutoCAD kim sot.
Trc khi i vo hiu chnh i tng ca bn v, chng ta i su vo chi tit ca b ch
nh i tng ca AutoCAD.
1- Cc phng php la chn i tng
Khi thc hin cc lnh hiu chnh (Modify Command) ti dng nhc Select objects ta
chn i tng hiu chnh theo cc phng php khc nhau.
Khi dng nhc Select objects xut hin th cc si tc bin mt ch cn mt vung gi l
chn Pickbox. Ta dng chn ny chn i tng, nu i tng c chn th i
tng ny c chn th i tng ny c dng ng t. kt thc vic la chn hoc bt
u thc hin ta n phm Enter ti dng nhc Select objects
Cc phng php la chn i tng
1.1 Pickbox: Dng vung chn, mi ln ta ch chn c mt i tng. Ti dng nhc
Select objects xut hin vung, ta ko vung ny giao vi i tng cn chn v
nhp phm chn.
1.2 Auto: Ti dng nhc Select objects ta chn hai im xc nh khung ca s.
- Nu im u tin bn tri, im th hai bn phi th nhng i tng no nm trong khung ca
s c chn.
- Nu im u tin bn phi v im th hai bn tri th nhng i tng no nm trong v giao
vi khung ca s s c chn.
1.3 Window (W): Dng khung ca s la chn i tng. Ti dng nhc Select
objects ta nhp W. Chn hai im W1 v W2 xc nh khung ca s, nhng i
tng nm trong khung ca s s c chn.
1.4 Crossing Window (C): Dng ca s ct la chn i tng. Ti dng nhc Select
objects ta nhp W. Chn hai im W1 v W2 xc nh khung ca s, nhng i
tng nm trong hoc giao vi khung ca s s c chn.
1.5 Window Polygon (WP): Ging nh Window nhng khung ca s l mt a gic, nhng
i tng nm trong khung ca s s c chn. Khi p WP ti dng nhc Select objects
s xut hin cc dng nhc sau:
First polygon point: Chn im th nht P1 ca Polygon.
Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: Chn im cui P2 ca mt cnh.
Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: Chn im cui P3 ca mt cnh hoc n
Enter kt thc vic la chn.
1.6 Crossing Polygon (CP): Ging nh Crossing Window nhng khung ca s l mt hnh
a gic.
1.7 Fence (F): La chn ny cho php to mt ng ct bao gm nhiu phn on, nhng
i tng no giao vi khung ca s ny s c chn, khi la chn F ti dng nhc
Select objects s xut hin cc dng nhc v ta chn cc im nh ca Fence
First fence point: im u tin ca Fence
Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: im k tip ca Fence
Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: im k tip ca Fence hoc Enter kt
thc to Fence.
1.8 Last (L): Khi p L th i tng no c to bi lnh v (Draw commands) sau cng
nht s c chn.
1.9 Previous (P): Chn li cc i tng chn ti dng nhc Select objects ca mt
lnh hiu chnh hoc dng hnh thc hin cui cng nht.
1.10 All: Tt c cc i tng trn bn v hin hnh s c chn.
1.11 Undo (U): Hu b i tng va chn.
1.12 Group: dng la chn ny gi li cc i tng c to bng lnh Group trc
. Groups l cc nhm i tng c t tn. Khi p G
Select objects: G
Enter group name: Nhp tn nhm cc i tng c t tn.
1.13 Lnh Group: Dng to nhm cc i
tng v sau ti cc dng nhc Select
Objects s dng Group chn li cc i
tng ny
Lnh Group c thc hin theo trnh t sau:
Command: Group
Khi xut hin hp thoi
Ta nhp tn Group mi vo Group Name,
sau chn nt New. Dng nhc xut hin:
Select objects for grouping: Chn cc i
tng nhm thnh Group vi tn ta va t
Sau hp thoi xut hin tr li v ta c th
tip tc to cc nhm mi hoc nhn Enter
kt thc lnh
Ch : tch mt hoc nhiu i tng ra khi Group ta thc hin li lnh Group, sau
chn tn Group v chn nt Remove trn khung Change Group. Chm cc i tng
cn tch trn dng nhc lnh v nhn Enter, OK kt thc lnh.

1- Cc lnh tr gip
2.1 Lnh xo i tng (erase)
Lnh Erase gip ta xa nhng i tng khng cn thit hay v khng nh . Sau khi chn
i tng xong ta ch cn nhn phm Enter th lnh c thc hin, thc hin lnh bng mt
trong nhng cch sau:
* Trn thanh Modify : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Erase hoc E
Command: E
Select objects: chn i tng xa
phc hi i tng b xa sau cng, ta c th dng lnh Undo hay Oops
Thng thng sau khi dng lnh Erase, ta thc hin lnh Redraw xo cc du +
(Blipmode) trn hnh v hoc phc hi li cc i tng b xo
2.2 Phc hi cc i tng b xo (lnh Oops)
Lnh Oops gip ta phc hi li cc i tng b xa sau cng, truy xut lnh bng cc
cch sau:
* Trn dng Command : Oops
2.3 Hu b lnh thc hin (lnh Undo, U)
Lnh Undo dng hy b ln lt cc lnh thc hin trc . Truy xut lnh bng cc
cch sau:
* Trn thanh Standard : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Undo hoc U
Command: Undo hoc U
Enter the number of operations to undo or [Auto/Control/BEgin/End/Mark/Back]
* <number> : nhp s ln Undo
* Auto : nu l On th cc i tng c v trong mi lnh xem nh l mt nhm.
V d cc on thng v bng mt lnh Line s c hy b bi mt ln Undo
* Control : la chn ny iu khin vic thc hin cc la chn ca lnh Undo. Khi
nhp C, xut hin dng nhc: Enter an UNDO control option [All/None/One] <All>:
Trong :
o All : thc hin tt c cc la chn ca lnh Undo
o One : ch hy b mt lnh va thc hin trc
o None : khng th thc hin vic hy b cc lnh ca AutoCAD
* BEgin : dng la chn ny nh du lnh u ca nhm lnh, lnh ny phi kt hp
vi End
* End : kt hp vi BEgin, la chn ny nh du lnh cui ca nhm lnh v sau ta c
th xa bi mt bc thc hin
* Mark : nh du lnh AutoCAD va thc hin m sau ny ta c th tr v bng la
chn Back
* Back : hy b cc lnh thc hin n ln nh du (Mark) gn nht, nu khng
nh du Mark th AutoCAD s xa tt c cc lnh thc hin trc
2.4 Lnh Redo
Lnh Redo dng sau lnh Undo phc hi mt lnh va hy trc . Truy xut lnh bng
cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Standard : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Redo
2.5 Lnh Redraw
Lnh Redraw dng xa cc du + (gi l cc Blipmode) trn mn hnh
Command: Redraw hoc R
1- Cc k thut hiu chnh
Cc lnh v (Draw Commands) c s dng to cc i tng mi trong khi cc
lnh hiu chnh (Modify Commands) dng thay i cc i tng c sn. Cc i tng cn
hiu chnh c chn ti dng nhc Select objects. Chng ta s lm quen vi mt s lnh c
bn
3.1 Di cc i tng (Lnh Move)
Lnh Move dng thc hin php di hnh mt hay nhiu i tng t mt v tr hin ti
n mt v tr bt k trn hnh v
* Trn thanh Modify : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Move hoc M
Command: Move hoc M
Select objects: Chn i tng cn di
Select objects: Tip tc chn i tng hoc n Enter kt thc la chn, cc
i tng la chn c dng ng t.
Specify base point or displacement: Chn im chun hay nhp khong cch di:
c th dng phm chn ca chut, cc phng php truy bt im, to tuyt i,
tng i, cc tng i
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: im
m cac i tng di n: c th dng phm chn ca chut, cc phng php truy
bt im, to tuyt i, tng i, cc tng i
Ch
1- im Specify base point v Specify second point of displacement c th chn
bt k (hnh 4.1)
2- Mun di i tng cn v tr chnh xc Specify base point v Specify second
point of displacement ta dng cc phng thc truy bt im (hnh 4.2)


Hnh 4.1


Hnh 4.2

3- im Specify base point ta chn bt k hoc truy bt im v Specify second
point of displacement dng to tng i hoc to cc tng i (hnh 4.3)
4- Ti dng nhc Specify base point or displacement: ta c th nhp khong di
theo phng X v Y, khi ti dng nhc tip theo ta nhn phm enter. V d di
hnh trn theo trc X 80 n v, trc Y l 60 n v (hnh 4.4)

Hnh 4.3

Hnh 4.4

3.2 Xn mt phn cc i tng nm gia hai i tng giao (Trim)
Trong AutoCAD c 3 lnh xo v xn i tng l: Erase, Trim, Break. Ta cn phn bit
s khc nhau gia 3 lnh ny d dng s dng. Lnh Erase l xo c i tng, cn lnh
Trim, Break ch xn mt phn i tng. on cn xn trong lnh Trim c gii hn bi mt
hoc hai i tng giao, cn on cn xn trong lnh Break c gii hn bi hai im.
Lnh Trim dng ct bt on cui ca i tng c giao bi mt i tng khc hoc
on gia ca hai i tng khc. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Modify : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Trim hoc Tr
Command: Trim (hoc Tr)
Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None
Select cutting edges ...
Select objects: Chn i tng giao vi on m ta mun xo
Select objects: Chn tip cc i tng giao hay n Enter kt thc vic la chn
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: chn phn ta
mun ct b ca i tng (hnh di l on c du ), nu ta khng thc hin lnh Trim,
chn U (Undo)
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn tip on
mun ct b hay n Enter kt thc.
Ch : Ti dng Select objects nu mun chn tt c cc i tng ta ch cn nhn Enter,
dng nhc tip ca lnh Trim s xut hin.
Cc la chn khc
Edgemode: Xc nh phn i tng c giao vi cc i tng cgiao ko di hay
khng (Extend hoc No Extend)
Command: Trim (hoc Tr)
Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None
Select cutting edges ...
Select objects: Chn i tng giao vi on m ta mun xo
Select objects: Chn tip cc i tng giao hay kt thc vic la chn
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: E
Enter an implied edge extension mode [Extend/No extend] <No extend>: E
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn on cn
xn.
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Nhn Enter kt
thc

Trc Trim


Sau Trim
Projectmode: Dng xo cc on ca m hnh 3 chiu, xut hin cc la chn ph
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: p
Enter a projection option [None/Ucs/View] <Ucs>:
View: xn mt on bt k ca hnh chiu m hnh 3 chiu ln mt phng song song vi mn
hnh mc d thc t cc i tng giao v cc on cn xn khng giao nhau.
None: Ch cho php Trim khi tt c cc i tng cng nm trn mt mt phng
UCS Cc i tng ca m hnh 3 chiu c chiu ln mt phng XY ca UCS hin hnh
v cc i tng c xn trn mt phng ny
Undo: La chn ny cho php phc hi li on va on xo
V d:
1- S dng lnh Trim xn hai cung trn hnh
Command: Trim
Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=Extend
Select cutting edges ...
Select objects: Chn on thng L1
Select objects: Chn on thng L2
Select objects:
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn ng trn
C1 ti du
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn ng trn
C2 ti du
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]:

Trc Trim


Sau Trim
2- To cc hnh tu thuc vo chn cc cnh xn

3.3 Xn mt phn cc i tng nm gia hai im chn (lnh Break)
Lnh Break ging nh lnh Trim cng c dng ct mt phn i tng Arc, Line,
Circle, Plineon c xn c gii hn bi hai im m ta chn, nu ta xn mt phn ca
ng trn th on c xn nm ngc chiu kim ng h bt u t im chn th nht.
Trong lnh Break th mt hoc c hai im chn c th nm trn i tng b xn. Truy xut
lnh bng cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Modify : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Break hoc Br
C 4 la chn khi thc hin lnh Break
1- Chn 2 im (2 points)
Lnh Break thc hin theo cch ny gm 2 bc
- Bc 1: Chn i tng ti mt im v im ny im u tin ca on cn xn
- Bc 2: Chn im cui ca on cn xn
Command: Br
Select object: chn i tng ct
Specify second break point or [First point]: Chn im th hai ct


Trc Break Sau Break

2- Chn i tng v hai im
Theo cch ny th ngoi vic ta phi chn i tng ta cn phi chn hai im u v cui
ca on cn xn. Vi cch ny nu ta chn cc im theo phng thc truy bt giao im
(Intersection) th a ra kt qu tng t nh lnh Trim
Command: Br
Select object: Chn i tng c on m
ta mun xo
Specify second break point or [First point]:
F
Specify first break point: Chn im u
tin ca on cn xn Trc Break Sau Break
Specify second break point : Chn im
cui ca on cn xn
3- Chn mt im (1 point)
Dng tch mt i tng thnh 2 i tng c lp. im tch l im m ta chn i
tng thc hin lnh Break.
Command: BREAK
1 object 2 objects ring

Trc Break Sau Break
Select object: Chn i tng c on
m ta mun xn ti im cn tch i tng
Specify second break point or [First
point]: @
4- Chn i tng v 1 im
Dng tch i tng thnh hai i tng, kt hp trng hp 2, 3
Command:BREAK
Select object: Chn i tng tch thnh hai i tng
Specify second break point or [First point]: F
Specify first break point: Chn 1 im v im ny chnh l im tch hai i tng
Specify second break point: @
3.4 Ko di i tng (lnh Extend)
Ngc li vi lnh Tri, lnh Extend dng ko di mt tng (object to extend- cc i
tng c du ) n giao vi mt i tng c chn (ng bin Boundary edge(s)- cc
i tng c du x). i tng l ng bin cn c th l i tng cn ko di. Truy xut
lnh Extend theo cc cch sau
* Trn thanh Modify : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Extend

Command: Extend
Current settings: Projection=UCS,
Edge=Extend
Select boundary edges
Select objects: Chn i tng l ng bin,
hnh bn l ng t. Nu Enter ta chn tt c
cc i tng trn bn v, kt thc vic la chn i tng v tip tc lnh.
Select objects: Chn tip cc i tng lm ng bin hoc n Enter kt thc vic
la chn
Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn i tng
cn ko di, c du
Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn tip cc i
tng cn ko di hoc n enter kt thc lnh
Cc la chn:
Edgemode/ Projectmode: tng t lnh Trim. S dng Edgemode vi la chn Extend
ko di mt on thng n mt on thng khng giao vi n

Trc Break

Sau Break

Undo: Hu b thao tc va thc hin.
3.5 Quay cc i tng chung quanh mt im (lnh Rotate)
Lnh Rotate thc hin php quay cc i tng chung quanh mt im chun (base point)
gi l tm quay. y l mt lnh chnh hnh rt quan trng.
Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Modify : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Rotate hay Ro
Command: Ro
Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0
Select objects: Chn i tng cn quay
Select objects: Chn tip i tng hoc n Enter kt thc vic la chn
Specify base point: Chn tm m cc i tng quay xung quanh
Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: Chn gc quay hoc p R nhp gc tham
chiu
Reference
Specify the reference angle <0>: Nhp gc tham chiu
Specify the new angle: Nhp gi tr gc mi (gc quay s bng hiu gc mi & gc tham
kho)



3.6 T
h
a
y



Rotation angle = 45
0
Rotation angle = 90
0

Reference
V d: Hiu chnh tam gic u sao cho nh tam gic hng vo tm hnh trn (Hnh v)



Rotation angle = 45
0

Rotation angle = 90
0


Reference
3
.
6

T
h
a
y

thc hin quay c hnh tam gic u nh trn ta thc hin nh sau
Command ROTATE
Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0
Select objects: Chn tam gic u
Select objects: n enter kt thc la chn
Specify base point: Truy bt im A (Midpoint)
Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: R Chn reference
Specify the reference angle <0>: Truy bt im A(Midpoint)
Specify second point: Truy bt im B (Endpoint)
Specify the new angle: Truy bt tm ng trn C (Cenpoint)

3.6 Thay i kch thc theo t l (lnh scale)
Lnh Scale dng tng hoc gim kch thc cc i tng trn bn v theo mt t l nht
nh. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Modify : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Scale
Command: SCALE
Select objects: Chn i tng cn thay i t l
Select objects: Chn tip cc i tng hoc n Enter kt thc la chn
Specify base point: Xc nh im chun l im ng yn khi thay i t l
Specify scale factor or [Reference]: Nhp h s t l hoc p R
Khi p R
Specify reference length <1>: Nhp chiu di tham chiu
Specify new length: Nhp chiu di mi AutoCAD tnh li h s t l (t l = chiu di
mi/ chiu di tham chiu)













3.7 Thay i chiu di i tng (lnh Lengthen)
Lnh Lengthen dng thay i chiu di (ko di hay lm ngn li) cc i tng l on
thng hay cung trn.
Command: Lengthen
Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]:
Cc la chn:
Select object: Lm hin th chiu di ng thng hoc gc m ca cung c chn.
Delta: Thay i chiu di i tng bng cch a vo khong tng. Gi tr khong tng
m th lm gim kch thc, gi tr khong cch tng dng lm tng kch thc. Khi p
DE sau dng nhc s xut hin dng nhc ph
Enter delta length or [Angle] <0.0000>: Nhp khong tng hoc p A chn khong
thay i gc tm.
Sau khi nhp gi tr khong tng xut hin dng nhc
Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc.
Dng nhc trn c xut hin lin tc, khi mun kt thc lnh ta nhp Enter.

Percent: Thay i chiu di i tng theo phn trm so vi tng chiu di hin hnh.
Khi >100% th chiu di i tng c tng ln, ngc li <100% th chiu di gim
xung
Enter percentage length <145.0000>: Nhp gi tr
Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc


Total: Dng thay i tng chiu di cu mt i tng hoc gc m cung theo gi tr
mi a vo
Specify total length or [Angle] <1.0000)>: Nhp gi tr hoc A chn gc
Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc



Dynamic: Thay i chiu rng ca i tng (tc l dng con tr chut nh v tr co
hay dn chiu di i tng trn mn hnh)



3.8 Di v ko gin cc i tng (lnh Stretch)
Lnh Stretch dng di v ko gin cc i tng. Khi ko gin vn duy tr s dnh ni
cc i tng. Cc i tng l on thng c ko gin ra hoc co li (chiu di s di ra
hoc ngn li), cc i tng l cung trn khi ko gin s thay i bn knh. ng trn khng
th ko gin.
Khi chn cc i tng thc hin lnh Stretch ta dng phng php Crossing Window
hoc Crossing Polygon, nhng i tng no giao vi khung ca s s c ko gin (hoc co
li), nhng i tng nm trong khung ca s s c di i. i vi ng trn nu c tm
nm trong khung ca s chn s c di i.
Command: Stretch
Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon...
Select objects: Chn cc i tng theo phng php Crossing
Select objects: n Enter kt thc vic la chn
Specify base point or displacement: chn im chun hay khong di tng t lnh
Move
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: im di
n, nu cho khong di th n Enter.
Tu thuc vo cc i tng c chn ta c cc trng hp sau:
1- Cc on thng giao vi khung ca s chn c ko gin ra hoc co li, cung trn
c di i.


Second point of displacement: @20,0

2- Cung trn c ko gin v on thng ngang b ko co li



Second point of displacement: @20,0

3- on ng c di, hai on nm ngang c ko gin



Second point of displacement: @20,0

3.9 Di v quay cc i tng (lnh Align)
Lnh Align dng di (move) v quay (rotate) v ly li t l (scale) cc i tng. i
vi cc i tng 2D ta s dng cc trng hp sau:
1- Khi chn mt cp im ta thc hin php di hnh
Command: Align
Select objects: Chn i tng cn Align
Select objects: n Enter kt thc la chn
Specify first source point: Chn im ngun th nht trn i tng
Specify first destination point: Chn im di n
Specify second source point: Nhn Enter


Trc khi Align

Sau Align

2- Khi chn hai cp im ta thc hin php di v quay hnh. Tu vo la chn YES hay
NO ti dng nhc Scale objects to alignment points? [Yes/ No]<No>: ta thc hin thm php
ly t l
Command: Align
Select objects: Chn cc i tng cn Align
Select objects: n Enter kt thc la chn
Specify first source point: Chn im ngun th nht trn i tng
Specify first destination point: Chn im di n th nht
Specify second source point: Chn im ngun th hai
Specify second destination point: Chn im ch th hai
Specify third source point or <continue>: n Enter
Scale objects based on alignment points? [Yes/No] <N>: p Yes/ No
* Chn hai cp im, No Scale thc hin php di v quay hnh


Trc khi Align


Sau Align
* Chn hai cp im, Yes Scale thc hin php di, quay v ly t l


Trc khi Align


Sau Align

3- Khi dng lnh Align cho cc i tng 3D phi chn c 3 cp im
4. Cc lnh v nhanh
Cc i tng mi c to bng cc lnh trong chng ny s gi cc tnh cht (Color,
Linetype, Layer) ca cc i tng c chn (i tng gc)
Phng php nhp khong cch v gc
- Nhp gi tr bng s
- Chn hoc truy bt ln lt hai im, khi AutoCAD s t ng tnh gi tr chiu di v
gc hp vi ng chun ca hai im m ta chn v gn cho cc gi tr cn nhp.
4.1 To cc i tng song song (Lnh OFFSET)
Lnh Offset dng to i tng mi song song theo hng vung gc vi i tng
chn theo mt khong cch no . i tng c chn to cc i tng song song c th
l Line, Circle, Arc, PlineTruy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Modify : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Offset hoc O
Tu vo i tng c chn ta c cc trng hp sau:
- Nu i tng c chn l on thng th s to ra on thng mi c cng chiu di. Hai
on thng ny tng t nh hai cnh song song ca hnh ch nht.
- Nu i tng c chn l ng trn th ta c ng trn ng tm.
- Nu i tng c chn l cung trn th ta c cung trn ng tm v gc tm bng nhau.
- Nu i tng c chn l pline, spline th ta to mt hnh dng song song.
C hai la chn khi to cc i tng song song:
1- La chn Offset distance
Command: OFFSET
Specify offset distance or [Through] <20.0000>: nhp vo khong cch gia hai i
tng hay dng chut chn im th nht v im th hai ACAD t tnh khong cch
Select object to offset or <exit>: chn i tng to i tng song song vi n
Specify point on side to offset: chn pha cn to i tng mi song song
Select object to offset or <exit>: Tip tc chn i tng hay n Enter kt thc.

Line

Pline
2- La chn Through
Command: OFFSET
Specify offset distance or [Through]: T
Select object to offset or <exit>: Chn i tng to i tng song song
Specify through point: Truy bt im m i tng mi c to ra s i qua
Select object to offset or <exit>: Chn i tng khc hoc Enter kt thc lnh.
Ch : Lnh Offset s khng hiu qu i vi i tng l Points, Block v Text

4.2 V ni tip hai i tng bi cung trn (Lnh Fillet)
Lnh Fillet gip ta v ni tip hai on thng (hay on thng vi cung trn hoc c hai u
l cung trn) bi mt cung trn theo bn knh m ta nh sn. Gm hai giai on
Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Modify : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Fillet
Command: Fillet
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000
Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: Chn i tng l Line, Circle,
Arc hoc phn on ca Pline v chn gn v tr Fillet
Select second object: Chn i tng 2 gn v tr Fillet
Ta c th s dng lnh Fillet vi R=0 ko di hoc xn cc i tng giao nhau.


Radius (R): Nhp R chn bn knh
Specify fillet radius <0.0000>: Nhp gi tr bn knh
hay chn hai im v khong cch gia hai im ny l
bn knh R, gi tr R c tr thnh mc nh cho nhng
ln Fillet sau.

Vi trng hp hai ng thng song song, ta
khng cn nhp gi tr bn knh v bn knh l mt
na khong cch gia hai ng song song.


Polyline: nu on thng ta cn bo cung thuc polyline, chn tu chn ny AutoCAD s
t ng bo tt c cc on thng ni tip nhau (nh l giao im ca hai phn on
thng) trong polyline bi cc cung c bn knh nh trc.

Trim: chn ty chn ny, AutoCAD s a ra dng lnh
Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim] <Trim>: chn T, sau khi bo cung 2 i tng
s t ng ct b on tha ti cc im tip xc hoc kodi n, chn N s khng ko di
hoc khng ct i ti cc im tip xc vi cung ni.

Trc Fillet

Sau Fillet chn Trim

Sau Fillet chn No trim

mUltiple: sau khi thc hin xong ln 1 tip tc thc hin lnh Fillet, nhn Enter khi kt thc.
4.3 Lnh vt mp cc cnh (Lnh Chamfer)
Lnh Chamfer trong bn v 2D dng to mt ng xin ti im giao nhau ca hai on
thng hoc ti cc nh a tuyn c hai phn on (segment) l cc on thng.
Kch thc ng xin c nh ngha bi hai phng php: theo khong cch t im
giao nhau hoc nhp mt gi tr khong cch v gc nghing
Trnh t thc hin lnh Chamfer tng t lnh Fillet. truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Modify : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Chamfer
Command: Chamfer
(NOTRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 0.0000, Dist2 = 0.0000
Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]:: mc nh l chn
on th nht
Select second line: chn on th hai
Polyline : tng t nh Fillet
Distance : dng la chn ny nhp gi tr hai khong cch (t im giao nhau ca
hai on thng cn Chamfer n hai im ni ca ng xin vi hai on thng)
Angle : la chn ny cho php ta nhp gi tr khong cch th nht v gc ca ng vt
mp hp vi ng th nht.
Trim: tng t lnh Fillet.
Method: chn mt trong hai phng php Distance v Angle
mUltiple: tng t lnh Fillet.

Ch :
- Khi thc hin lnh Chamfer v Fillet ta c th chn mt i tng n v mt phn on ca a
tuyn.
- Ta khng thc hin lnh Chamfer v Fillet vi hai i tng l hai phn on ca cc pline khc
nhau, mun thc hin lnh chng ta phi dng lnh Explode ph v mt trong hai pline
thnh cc i tng n sau thc hin lnh.
4.4 Lnh sao chp cc i tng (lnh Copy)
Lnh Copy dng sao chp cc i tng c chn theo phng tnh tin v sp xp
chng theo v tr xc nh. Truy xut lnh theo cc cch sau
* Trn thanh Modify : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Copy hoc Co
Command: Copy
Select objects: Chn i tng cn sao chp (VD cc i tng c ng t).
Select objects: Chn tip hoc n Enter kt thc.
Specify base point or displacement: Chn im chun bt k kt hp cc phng thc truy
bt im hoc nhp khong di.
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: Chn v tr ca
cc i tng sao chp, c th dng phm chn kt hp vi cc phng thc truy bt hoc nhp
ta tuyt i, tng i, cc tng i.
Specify second point of displacement: Tip tc chn v tr sao chp hoc n Enter kt
thc.
Ch :
- C th chn Base point v Second point l im bt k (Hnh a)
- C th chn Base point v Second point bng cch dng cc phng thc truy bt im (Hnh
b)

Hnh a


Hnh b
- Ti dng Specify second point of displacement ta c th nhp to tng i, cc tng i
(Hnh c)
- Ti dng nhc Specify base point or displacement ta c th nhp khong di (Hnh d)

Hnh c

Hnh d
4.5 Php i xng qua trc (lnh Mirror)
Lnh Mirror dng to i tng mi i xng vi cc i tng c chn qua mt trc
(hay quay cc i tng c chn cung quanh trc i xng mt gc 180
0
)
Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Modify : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Mirror hoc Mi
Command: MIRROR
Select objects: Chn cc i tng thc php i xng (c nt t)
Select objects: n Enter kt thc vic la chn
Specify first point of mirror line: Chn im th nht ca trc i xng
Specify second point of mirror line: Chn im th hai ca trc i xng
Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: Xa i tng c chn hay khng? p N nu
khng mun xo, p Y nu mun xo.


Ch : i vi i tng l Text:
Nu mun i tng sau khi Mirror l i tng i xng ca Text chn, ta phi t bin
h thng MirrText = 1.
Nu mun i tng sau khi Mirror vn gi nguyn trt t ch, ta cho bin h thng
MirrText = 0 (dng lnh Setvar).
4.6 Sao chp dy (lnh Array)
Lnh Array dng sao chp cc i tng c chn thnh dy hnh ch nht
(Rectangular array) hay sp xp chung quanh tm (Polar array). Cc dy ny c sp xp u
nhau.
Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Modify : click vo biu tng
* Trn dng Command : Array hoc Ar
4.6.1 Rectangular Array
Dng sao chp i tng c chn thnh dy c s hng v s ct nht nh.
Command: Array . Xut hin hp thoi
















Chn Rectangular Array
Kch chut vo nt Select objects, xut hin dng lnh
Select objects : chn cc i tng cn sao chp
Select objects : nhn hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic chn.
Sau khi chn xong quay tr li hp thoi trn. Ti la chn
- Rows : nh s hng mun sao chp.
- Columns:nh s ct mun sao chp
- Row offset: nhp khong cch gia cc hng
- Row offset: nhp khong cch gia cc ct
n OK kt thc lnh
Ch : Ta c th nhp khong cch di dng phn s.
4.6.2 Polar Array
La chn ny dng to cc dy sp xp xung quanh mt tm
Command: Array
Chn Polar Array
Kch chut vo nt Select objects, xut hin dng lnh
Select objects : chn cc i tng cn sao chp
Select objects : nhn hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic chn.
Sau khi chn xong quay tr li hp thoi trn. Ti la chn
Center point: chn tm ca dy theo to X, Y
Trong hp thoi Method ta c th chn hai trong ba la chn
- Total Number of Item: xc lp tng s phn t trong mng va to ra k c phn t bn ang
to mng.
- Angle to Fill: xc lp s m mng to nn. V d to mng bao quanh na vng trn, xc lp
180
0
. Gc in vo gi tr m s cng chiu kim ng h, gc c gi tr dng s ngc chiu
kim ng h.
- Angle Between Item: xc lp s gia mi phn t trong mng.
Chn Rotate Item as Copied xoay cc i tng m bn ang to mng, hu chn hp
ny nu khng xoay chng.
n OK kt thc lnh