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Phn I : Mc ch ca ti.

Mch o nhit s dng VK PIC16F877A tng i ph bin trong hc tp
cng nh nhng ngi bt u tm hiu v h VK Pic v DsPic.
Trong ti ny, hng lm ca nhm l dng cm bin LM 35 o nhit t
ngoi mi trng, s dng chc nng ADC ca PIC bin i tn hiu tng
t (dng in p) t LM 35 ni vo chn AN0 ca VK sang tn hiu s. Tn
hiu s ny c gi ln LCD hin th nhit . Ngoi ra d liu cng c
gi n my tnh qua kt ni cng COM theo chun RS232 thu thp thng
tin v lu tr.
Trong ti c nhiu phn khc nhau. Sau y em s trnh by bo co ca
mnh v LCD 16x2 m nhm em s dng trong mch.

Bi bo co chia thnh cc phn sau :

Gii thiu v LCD : Trang 2
Tng quan v LCD ( Hnh dng, cc chn, tp lnh) Trang 2-4
Lp trnh cho LCD Trang 5
Cch dng LCD trong mch o nhit Trang 6


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Phn 2: Tm hiu v LCD 16x2

I. Gii thiu v LCD
Mn hnh tinh th lng (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD) l loi thit b hin th
cu to bi cc t bo (cc im nh) cha tinh th lng c kh nng thay i
tnh phn cc ca nh sng v do thay i cng nh sng truyn qua khi
kt hp vi cc knh lc phn cc. Chng c u im l phng, cho hnh nh
sng, chn tht v tit kim in.
Ngy nay, thit b hin th LCD c s dng trong rt nhiu cc ng dng ca
VK. LCD c rt nhiu u im so vi cc dng hin th khc: N c kh nng
hin th k t a dng, trc quan (ch, s v k t ha), d dng a vo
mch ng dng theo nhiu giao thc giao tip khc nhau, tn rt t ti nguyn h
thng v gi thnh r . . .

II. Tng quan v LCD

1. Hnh dnh v kch thc.
C rt nhiu loi LCD vi nhiu hnh dng v kch thc khc nhau, trn
hnh l loi LCD thng dng


3

Khi sn xut LCD, nh sn xut tch hp chp iu khin bn trong lp
v v ch a cc chn giao tip cn thit. Cc chn ny c nh s th
t v t tn nh hnh :



2. ngha cc chn ca LCD :

Chn K hiu ngha
1 VSS Chn ni t cho LCD, khi thit k mch ta
ni chn ny vi GND ca mch iu khin
2 Vdd Chn cp ngun cho LCD, khi thit k mch
ta ni chn ny vi VCC=5V ca mch iu
khin
3 VEE iu chnh tng phn ca LCD.
4 RS Chn chn thanh ghi (Register select). Ni
chn RS vi logic 0 (GND) hoc logic 1
(VCC) chn thanh ghi.
+Logic 0: Bus DB0-DB7 s ni vi thanh
ghi lnh IR ca LCD ( ch ghi - write)
hoc ni vi b m a ch ca LCD ( ch
c - read)
+Logic 1: Bus DB0-DB7 s ni vi thanh
ghi d liu DR bn trong LCD

5 RW Chn chn ch c/ghi (Read/Write). Ni
chn R/W vi logic 0 LCD hot ng
ch ghi, hoc ni vi logic 1 LCD
ch c.
6 E Chn cho php (Enable). Sau khi cc tn hiu
c t ln bus DB0-DB7, cc lnh ch
c chp nhn khi c 1 xung cho php ca
chn E.
4

+ ch ghi: D liu bus s c LCD
chuyn vo(chp nhn) thanh ghi bn trong
n khi pht hin mt xung (high-to-low
transition) ca tn hiu chn E.
+ ch c: D liu s c LCD xut
ra DB0-DB7 khi pht hin cnh ln (low-to-
high transition) chn E v c LCD gi
bus n khi no chn E xung mc thp.
7-14 D0 D7 Tm ng ca bus d liu dng trao i
thng tin vi MPU. C 2 ch s dng 8
ng bus ny :
+Ch 8 bit : D liu c truyn trn c
8 ng, vi bit MSB l bit DB7.
+Ch 4 bit : D liu c truyn trn 4
ng t DB4 ti DB7, bit MSB l DB7
Ch :
ch c, ngha l MPU s c thng tin t LCD thng qua cc
chn Dx.
Cn khi ch ghi, ngha l MPU xut thng tin iu khin cho
LCD thng qua cc chn Dx.
Chn 15 v chn 16: ghi l A v K. N l anot v katot ca mt con led
dng sng LCD trong bng ti, chng ta c th k ni , nu s dng
ni chn 15 vi tr 220 or 330 m ln VCC, chn 16 ni t.


3. Tp lnh ca LCD.
a. Mt s ch :
Trc khi tm hiu tp lnh ca LCD, sau y l mt vi ch khi giao tip vi
LCD :
Tuy trong s khi ca LCD c nhiu khi khc nhau, nhng khi lp
trnh iu khin LCD ta ch c th tc ng trc tip c vo 2 thanh
ghi DR v IR thng qua cc chn DBx, v ta phi thit lp chn RS, R/W
ph hp chuyn qua li gi 2 thanh ghi ny. (xem bng 2)
Vi mi lnh, LCD cn mt khong thi gian hon tt, thi gian ny
c th kh lu i vi tc ca MPU, nn ta cn kim tra c BF hoc
i (delay) cho LCD thc thi xong lnh hin hnh mi c th ra lnh tip
theo.
a ch ca RAM (AC) s t ng tng (gim) 1 n v, mi khi c lnh
ghi vo RAM. (iu ny gip chng trnh gn hn)
Cc lnh ca LCD c th chia thnh 4 nhm nh sau :
5

Cc lnh v kiu hin th. VD : Kiu hin th (1 hng / 2 hng), chiu di
d liu (8 bit / 4 bit),
Ch nh a ch RAM ni.
Nhm lnh truyn d liu trong RAM ni.

b. Tp lnh.
Tp lnh ca LCD tng i n gin. Nhng khi lp trnh cho mch c
LCD ta ch cn gi cc hm c sn trong trnh bin dch m khng cn
phi nh cc lnh phc tp.


III. Lp trnh cho LCD s dng trnh bin dch CCS 4.114
Khi lp trnh trong MpLab IDE tch hp CCS 4.114 ta ch cn gi th
vin bng lnh :
#include <LCD.c>
s dng cc hm trong th vin, ta cn phi c v tm hiu ngha ca
tng hm trong th vin v s dng cho ph hp.
Nh vy khi giao tip vi LCD ta khng cn tm hiu tp lnh ca LCD m
cn phi hiu c cc hm c sn trong trnh bin dch ( y ta dng CCS
) lp trnh cho VK gi tn hiu nhit .
M s hm thng dng trong CCS cn dng khi lm bi tp ln:
1. Hm khi to LCD
Void LCD_Init (void)
y l hm quan trng nht, Trc khi lm vic vi LCD ta phi khi to
cho n hot ng.
2. Hm d liu ra LCD (8bit)
Void LCD_send_byte (Byte address, byte n).
y l hm cn dng gi d lieu ra cc chn t D0 D7 ca LCD.
3. Hm thit lp v tr con tr ca LCD.
Void LCD_gotoxy(byte x, byte y).

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4. Hm xa LCD
Void LCD_clear()
5. Hm gi mt k t ra LCD
Void LCD_putc(char c).
6. Hm gi mt chui k t ra LCD
Void LCD_puts(char *s)



IV. Cch s dng v kt ni cc chn ca LCD trong mch.

Chn Vdd ni vi ngun 5V.
Chn Vee ni vi bin tr iu chnh tng phn ca LCD.
Chn Vss ni t.
Cc chn RS. RW, E ln lt ni vo cc chn RD0, RD1, RD2 ca vi
iu khin c th d dng chn thanh ghi, ch c/ ghi cho LCD.
Cc chn d liu D0 D7 ni vo cc cng RB0 RB7 nhn tn hiu
d liu xut ra t PIC hin th nhit ln LCD.