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Carnegie Mellon University

Research Showcase @ CMU


Computer Science Department

School of Computer Science

7-1993

Symbolic Model Checking for Sequential Circuit


Verification
Jerry R. Burch
Carnegie Mellon University

Edmund M. Clarke
Carnegie Mellon University, emc@cs.cmu.edu

David E. Long
Carnegie Mellon University

Kenneth L. McMillan
Carnegie Mellon University

David L. Dill
Carnegie Mellon University

Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.cmu.edu/compsci


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: }   }|sPj`~D p ~DT^~F*}|zp~D}}~P~D z P4|["~D}|[ Pzp~ 3|["}sPj`M~D
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}|! Z ) ~P8}|['zp[} 3~Fw sP~F ?@'zp~Djzp {} } ) ~D }|[ '  {[ )  ) [|[
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D

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z Pw Fz zp~D[{})!^~F8D^~P~<?8


Seconds

1024

512

256

128

64

32

16

1
Register width
Pipe stages
Number of registers
Number of operations

0.5

0.25

16

32

[ F[  Np[$zszp- M]\wz M~FM!P


{

64

8 jz6}PDP^}~D % }~ ) D ^~F'~F  4|["[ j !~P   ) E z6~F [[sP~F


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D

Tenths of seconds

4096

2048

1024

512

256

128

64

32

16

3w TR partitions
3 TR partitions
4

16

32

64

128
Width

[ F} s  ]\wz P~FM!P@^~D8 ^  zszp


'

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4096

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1024

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512

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128

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Disj.+MBFS
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4
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Nodes

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32768

32768

16384

16384

8192

8192

4096

4096

2048

2048

1024

1024
Conjunctive
Disj.+MBFS

512

256
1

512

16

32
Width

256
1

Conj.+combined
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16

32
Depth

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'
%

Seconds

16384
Disj.+MBFS
Conjunctive
Abs.+disj.+MBFS
Abs.+conj.

8192

4096

2048

1024

512

256

128

64

32

16

16

32
Cells

[ F} /  h Q|Tzszp8F M \xz M~D P

'

Nodes

65536

32768

16384

8192

4096

2048

1024

512

256

128

Conjunctive
Abs.+conj.
Disj.+MBFS
Abs.+Disj.+MBFS

64

32

16

32
Cells

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