Cho tt c cc bn, ti l 1 thnh vin mi trong din n, hy

vng nhng ng gp ca ti s lm cho din n ca chng ta

ngy cng si ng hon.
iu m ti thy bn khon nht l a s nhng cn b vn hnh
ca chng ta rt " ngi" role bo v ky thut s.Vy khng cn
ngi na m thy n ng yu th ta phi bt u t u??? Theo
ti th ta nn i t nhng khi nim on gin nht n nhng
khi nim phc tp nht.
1.Khi nim v rle bo v k thut s:
Thuc ra role bo v KTS ging nhu 1 my bn hng tu ng, v
du ta c 1 ci my bn nuc ngt, bn b 5000 vo th n s
cho ra 1 lon nuc ngt, role KTS cng nhu vy ch khc l thay v
u vo ca my bn nuc ngt l 5000 th ca role KTS l dng
in, in p, tip im phu my ct, tip im phu dao cch ly,
tip im phu ca aptomat TU....v khi cho "tin" vo th bn
s nhn uoc cc tip im u ra, vic s dung cc tip im
u ra ny lm muc ch g th do ngui thit k nhi th s inh
ot, v du nhu dng ct my ct, bo tn hiu....( n uoc th
hin rt r trong bn v nhi th ca trm ).
2. C bao nhiu lo!i bo v tron" m#t tr!m bi$n %&
Nu ta phn bit ra tng phn trong 1 trm bin p th ta s d
nh hon nhiu. Ti tm phn ra trong trm bin p gm c 03
khu vuc chnh:
1. My bin p ( ta hay gi l qu tim ca trm)
2. ung dy, thanh ci pha cao th ( 110kV)
3. Pha trung,h th ca my bin p ( 35kV, 22kV, 10kV, 6kV)
ng vi mi mt phn ti chia ra s c cc loi bo v sau:
+ My bin p: BV so lch my bin p (F87T); BV cng ngh
MBA ( role gas, dng du, p luc, nhit du, cun dy...); BV
qu dng khng hung cc pha tng MBA (F50/51; 50/51N); BV
chng chm t hn ch REF ( 50REF,bo v ny l 1 chc nng
nm trong BV so lch MBA).
+ ng dy, thanh ci pha cao th: BV khong cch
(F21/21N), BV qu dng c hung ( F67/67N), khng
hung(F50/51; 50/51N); BV so lch thanh ci (F87B); BV chng
hu hng my ct (50BF); BV km p, qu p, tn s..
( F27/59/81).
+ Pha trung h th ca MBA: BV qu dng, BV km p, qu
p; BV tn s (dng sa thi phu ti theo tn s). Cc bn nn
nh BV chm t thanh ci khng tc ng ct my ct m ch i
bo tn hiu thi nh.
Trn y l mt s khi nim on gin v role BV KTS, bi vit
sau ti s cp chi tit n tng loi role bo v.Mong cc bn
tham gia ng gp kin.Thn!!!
Cho cc bn! bi vit truc ti ni mt cch tng th v cc
loi role bo v c trong 01 trm bin p 110kV.T cc bi vit
sau ti s c gng i vo tng loi role bo v.V mt nguyn l
tt c role ca cc hng u phi tun theo 1 nguyn l chung,
ch khc nhau v giao din, cch thc ci t m thi.V vy, nu
ta nm uoc cc nguyn l co bn ca role th ta s khng "ngi"
v khng b ng vi bt ky loi role ca bt ky hng no.
Mt role bt ky bao gi cng c nhng muc nhu sau:
+ Xem thng s vn hnh (U,I), c mt s loi th cn xem uoc
c sn luong (P,Q) na.
+ Thng s ci t, gi tri tc ng (cc thng s ny do bn
iu tnh ton v uoc ci t do bn th nghim)
+ Ci t cc u vo/ra (BI/BO) ca role ( vi u vo ta khai
bo cc ia ch tuong ng vi cc tn hiu m ta ua vo role,cn
u ra l ta gn cc ch nng cho cc tip im u ra, vic khai
bo v gn ny dua trn bn v nhi th ca trm)
+ Bn ghi su kin, su c ( cc bn nn nh su c v su kin l
khc nhau, bn ghi su kin l ghi li tt c cc trng thi bin
ng ca role nhu thi im mt ngun, su c, ci t li thng
s ca role...cn bn ghi su c l ch ghi li nhng su c xy ra
i vi h thng in ca chng ta, vy tm hiu l bn ghi su c
nm trong bn ghi su kin, tuy nhin nu su c xy ra th bn ghi
su kin ch ghi li thi gian xy ra su c, su c loi g...cn chi tit
v su c (gi tri tc ng, thi gian tc ng...) th ta phi xem
trong bn ghi su c).
Cu trc ca role ch nhu vy thi ( tt nhin l cn cc chi tit
bn trong nhu CPU...th ta khng cn qua tm).By gi ta s i
vo nguyn l lm vic v su khc nhau ca mi loi role bo v
'.(le bo v )u *+n"
- Role BVQD l loi role on gin v thng dung nht,nguyn l
BVQD l so snh gi tri dng in role nhn uoc vi ngung
dng in uoc ci t trong role v thi gian duy tr gi tri .v
du role BVQD t ngung tc ng l 10A trong thi gian 1s th
khi c su c xy ra, nu dng su c >=10A v duy tr trong thi
gian >=1s th role s tc ng; mt trong 2 gi tri trn( dng
in hoc thi gian) m nh hon th role s khng tc ng.
C 02 loi role bo v qu dng l qu dng c hung v qu
dng khng hung.
- Vy c hung v khng hung khc nhau im no?
Thuc ra qu dng c hung l qu dng khng hung c gn
thm b inh hung cng sut nng cao tnh chn lc trong
bo v.Hung cng sut uoc inh nghia l duong khi cng sut
hung t thanh ci ra ung dy, cn hung m l nguoc li, ni
on gin 1 cht l khi ta truyn cng sut i tc l hung duong,
cn ta nhn cng sut v l hung m.Role bo v qu dng c
hung ch lm vic khi hung cng sut l duong.
- V tn hiu u vo role BVQD c hung ly tn hiu u vo l
dng in v in p, cn role BVQD khng hung ch ly tn hiu
dng in.
- Role BVQD uoc chia lm nhiu cp (cp 1, cp 2...) uoc k
hiu l I>; I>>...tuong ng vi thi gian tc ng l t>;
t>>...thng thung ta vn gi l ct nhanh v ct c thi gian.
c rt nhiu ngui c quan im k hiu I> l ct nhanh, cn I>>
l ct c thi gian, thuc ra khng phi nhu vy, khi ta t bo v
c thi gian vi t=0s th n tr thnh ct nhanh, vic I> hay I>>
l ct nhanh l do ngui ci t quy inh. Vy ta phi phn bit 2
loi bo v ny bng tri s v thi gian ( BVQD ct nhanh c tri
s tc ng ln hon nhiu so vi BVQD ct c thi gian nhung
thi gian tc ng li nh hon nhiu ( thung t=0s )).
BVQD phn chia ra 02 loi chc nng, qu dng pha-pha v qu
dng pha-t.
+ QD pha-pha pht hin cc su c nhu ngn mch 3 pha,
ngn mch 2 pha
+ QD pha-t pht hin cc su c nhu ngn mch 1 pha chm
t, ngn mch 2 pha chm t ti 2 im khc nhau...
Trn y l nhng khi nim co bn nht v role bo v qu
dng.Mong cc bn ng gp kin..
"Mnh thy khi u so mch dng cho BVR l nu phia so cp
TI u sao th pha th cp phi u tam gic v nguoc li. Nhu
vy khi lp t nu u trng nhau th c uoc khng? Ti sao?"
Tr li:
Nguyn l ca bo v so lch MBA l dua theo inh lut Kirchho
3, tc l tng dng in i vo 1 im nt bng tng dng in i
ra khi im nt .
i s ta c 1 MBA c 3 pha l 110kV; 35kV v 22kV, nu bn coi
MBA l 1 im nt th tng vc to dng in ca 3 pha 110kV,
35kV, 22kV i qua MBA phi bng khng (0). Nhu vy l v gi tri
dng in pha 110kV phi bng gi tri dng in ca 2 pha
35kV v 22kV (v 22kV v 35kV l phu ti) nhung ,hiu th-
n"./, nhau, m bo tng vc to dng in ti "im nt"
MBA bng khng.
Cc trm ca chng ta tn ti 02 loi role BVS MBA, loi role co
v role s.
+ Vi role co vic tnh ton m bo uoc tng vc to dng
in ti nt MBA bng khng th chng ta phi t hop mch dng
nhi th ca c 03 pha ( t hop nhu bn ni, pha no u sao th
mch dng nhi th phi u tam gic v nguoc li, v role co
nhn tn hiu truc tip t mch dng nhi th m k qua bt ky 1
khu tnh ton no, tc l mnh phi tnh ton cho role ).Cn ti
sao phi u nhu vy th khi bn v vc to ca c 3 pha MBA ra
bn s nhn thy, bn nh nh muc ch ca vic t hop nhu vy
l m bo tun theo inh lut Kirchho 3.Nu nhu bn khng
u nhu vy tc l ti im nt MBA tng vc to dng in ca c
3 pha MBA s khng bng khng,v n s sinh ra 1 dng in so
lch, vic ny s dn n role bo v so lch MBA s hiu nhm
v tc ng ct tt c cc my ct tng ngay c khi bn vn hnh
ch bnh thung (ch cn ti ca bn ln dng in so
lch sinh ra do sai st t hop ln hon ngung t trong role).Nhu
vy l khng n t no ng k?
+ Vi role s th mi vic on gin hon nhiu, v vic tnh ton
trn u dng thut ton, tc l bn c th t hop kiu no cng
uoc, ch cn trong role bn phi khai bo ng vi thuc t t
hop th tu ng thut ton trong role s tnh ton role lm vic
ng.
cn 1 iu ny na l chiu ca dng in uoc xc inh bi
im ni t ca mch TI nhi th, iu ny rt quan trng v nu
ta khai bo sai im ni t th vic tnh ton s nhm dn ti
role s tc ng sai, thng thung ta chn im u t hung
vo MBA.
Nhn tin c pc bn lun v role bo v so lch MBA.Hm nay
rnh ri, em xin gii thiu vi cc pc nhng khi nim co bn
nht v role BVS MBA. Hy vng cc pc cho kin b sung.
0o v so l,h m1 bi$n %:
Trong vn hnh trm v co bn khi ni n bo v so lch th tc
l ta ni n so snh dng in,v gn nhu tt c u tun theo
1 inh lut duy nht l Kirchho 3 ( tng vc to dng in vo
v ra ti 1 im nt lun bng 0).Vy l tn hiu vo ca role bo
v so lch l tn hiu dng in.
- BVS MBA ly tn hiu u vo l TI tng cc pha ca MBA.
- u ra i ct cc my ct tng cc pha MBA thng qua role
lockout (F86), ccbn nh nh, BVS MBA nht thit khi tc ng
phi gi tn hiu cho role lockout ( F86) ri role lockout ny mi
gi tn hiu i ct my ct, vic lm ny tng tin cy cho
bo v, v xc nhn loi tr hon ton su c ri mi cho
vn hnh li MBA.
- Thi gian ct l 0s, tuy nhin thuc t thi gian ct roi vo
khong 35ms v n cn c thi gian tr do co cu ra lnh, co cu
co kh...
BVS MBA c 2 loi: c hm v khng hm.
Vy c hm l g?
- Hm l t ch n kh nng phn bit, chn lc su c ca
role.Nu c chc nng hm role c th phn bit uoc su c tht
hay gi, xy ra trong vng bo v MBA hay ngoi vng (thanh
ci).C 2 loi hm:
- H! d"ng: l role BVS phn bit uoc su c xy ra trong
vng bo v ( tnh t TI tng n MBA) hay ngoi vng ( tnh t
TI tng tr v pha thanh ci). Nu su c xy ra ngoi vng th
BVS MBA khng tc ng ( tuy nhin vi role s hin nay vn c
chc nng t BVS khng hm role c th tc ng ngay c
khi c su c ln trn thanh ci nhu chm chp 3 thanh ci vi
nhau).
- H! h#i:l role BVS phn bit uoc trng thi khi ng
xung kch MBA, v khi ng xung kch MBA dng xung kch rt ln
( khong 3 ln dng inh mc MBA) nhung km theo li c rt
nhiu hi bc 2, nh chc nng hm ny m role mi k hiu
nhm l su c tht v tc ng nhm.
Cn 1 iu ny na, l role BVS MBA l bo v chnh cho MBA,
cn cc role bo v qu dng tng cc pha l bo v du phng.
V vy khi c su c hu hng role bo v qu dng tng th ta ch
vic tch role ra v vn cho MBA vn hnh bnh thung.
Trong role BVS MBA cn c 1 chc nng rt quan trng na l
bo v chng chm t hn ch ( REF - Restrict earth ault ), bo
v ny pht hin su c khi c 1 s ln vng dy trong MBA bi
chm nhau ( 1 s vng dy trong cng 1 pha hoc 1 s vng dy
ca 2 pha khc nhau).
Vy theo cc pc c su c tht no xy ra trong vng bo v ca
BVS MBA m role BVS MBA khng tc ng khng??? v sao???
Mi cc pc nho ...........