Experiment B: The effect of pulse input

a) Counter-current Mode
Liquid flow rate: 0.5L/min
Air flow rate: 10.8L/min
Time,
t(min)

CT1
(/
)

Concentrati
on of tracer,
C(t) (g/m3)

Residence
time,E(t),
( )

t E(t)

t-tm

[(t-tm)^2 ]*
E(t)

[(t-tm)^3 ]
* E(t)

403.2

-0.049134

-0.0127453

-0.0127453

-6.574

-0.550819

3.621089

400.6

-0.050725

-0.0131580

-0.1578960

-5.574

-0.408812

2.278719

433.1

-0.030841

-0.0080001

-0.0240003

-4.574

-0.167374

0.765568

678.9

0.119541

0.0310088

0.1240352

-3.574

0.396090

-1.415626

1180.0

0.426118

0.1105345

0.5526725

-2.574

0.732344

-1.885053

1631.3

0.702227

0.1821569

1.0929414

-1.574

0.451289

-0.710329

1773.7

0.789348

0.2047559

1.4332913

-0.574

0.067462

-0.038723

1644.8

0.710486

0.1842992

1.4743936

0.426

0.033446

0.014248

1380.8

0.548969

0.1424019

1.2816171

1.426

0.289571

0.412928

10

1087.5

0.369526

0.0958546

0.9585460

2.426

0.564149

1.368628

11

862.3

0.231747

0.0601149

0.6612639

3.426

0.705597

2.417376

12

668.8

0.113362

0.0294059

0.3528708

4.426

0.576046

2.549580

13

554.7

0.043555

0.0112981

0.1468753

5.426

0.332633

1.804865

14

483.0

0.0003120

0.0000809

0.0011326

6.426

0.003341

0.0214669

15

437.2

-0.0283328

-0.0073494

-0.110241

7.426

-0.405286

-3.009655

16

411.0

-0.0443622

-0.0115175

-0.184280

8.426

-0.817713

-6.890053

17

396.5

-0.0532334

-0.0138087

-0.2347479

9.426

-1.226896

-11.564719

Mean residence time, = 7.574

Variance, 2 = 1.1553182
Skewness, 3 = 4.49326

Since

1.155318
7.5742 (2)

= 0.010069

more than 0.01, the system is large dispersion.

Graph of Residence Time Distribution Function (E(t))

against Time (t) t
0.25

E(t) min^-1

0.2
0.15
0.1

y = -0.0034x + 0.0884
R = 0.0467

0.05
0
0

10

12

14

16

18

-0.05

Time(min)
Graph B (1)

(C(t)) against Time (t) for Exp B: Counter Current

0.9
0.8
0.7

C(t) (g/m3)

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1 0

y = -0.013x + 0.3408
R = 0.0467
8
10
12

Time(min)
Graph B (2)

14

16

18

b) C0-current Mode
Liquid flow rate: 0.5L/min
Air flow rate: 1 L/min
=(CT1-483.51)/1634.5
Time,
t(min)

CT1
(/
)

Concentrati
on of tracer,
C(t) (g/m3)

Residence
time,E(t),
( )

t E(t)

t-tm

[(t-tm)^2 ]*
E(t)

[(t-tm)^3 ]
* E(t)

183.8

-0.183365

0.122932

0.122932

-11.29

15.66941

-176.908

184.9

-0.182692

0.122481

0.244962

-10.29

12.96879

-133.449

201.2

-0.172719

0.115795

0.347385

-9.29

9.993583

-92.8404

209.4

-0.167703

0.112432

0.449728

-8.29

7.726788

-64.0551

226.4

-0.157302

0.105459

0.527295

-7.29

5.604524

-40.8569

253.6

-0.140661

0.094303

0.565818

-6.29

3.731013

-23.4681

438.7

-0.027415

0.018379

0.002656

-5.29

0.514319

-2.72075

550.6

0.041046

-0.027518

-0.220144

-4.29

-0.506444

2.17264

547.5

0.039149

-0.026246

-0.236214

-3.29

-0.284089

0.934654

10

678.2

0.119113

-0.079856

-0.798560

-2.29

-0.418772

0.958989

11

633.7

0.091887

-0.061603

-0.677633

-1.29

-0.102514

0.132242

12

567.3

0.051263

-0.034368

-0.412416

-0.29

-0.002890

0.000838

13

570.6

0.053282

-0.035721

-0.464373

0.71

-0.018007

-0.012785

14

512.1

0.017916

-0.012011

-0.168154

1.71

-0.035121

-0.060058

15

444.1

-0.024111

0.016165

0.242475

2.71

0.118717

0.321724

16

368.4

-0.070425

0.047215

0.755440

3.71

0.649872

2.411025

17

394.1

-0.054701

0.036673

0.623441

4.71

0.813557

3.831856

18

360.3

-0.075381

0.050537

0.909666

5.71

1.647713

9.408443

19

344.2

-0.085231

0.057141

1.085679

6.71

2.572722

17.26297

20

248.5

-0.143781

0.096394

1.92788

7.71

5.730055

44.17872

21

285.6

-0.121083

0.081177

1.70457

8.71

6.158420

53.63984

22

225.7

-0.157730

0.105746

2.32641

9.71

9.970166

96.81032

23

208.2

-0.168437

0.112924

2.59725

10.71

12.95285

138.725

24

192.0

-0.178128

0.119421

2.866104

11.71

16.375497

191.757

Mean residence time, = 12.29

Variance, 2 = 88.0576262
Skewness, 3 = 29.04731

88.057626
12.292 (2)

= 0.2915

Since

more than 0.01, the system is large dispersion.

Graph of Residence Time Distribution

Function (E(t)) against Time (t)
0.15

E(t) min^-1

0.1
y = 0.0002x + 0.045
R = 0.0004

0.05
0
0

10

15

20

25

30

-0.05
-0.1

Time(min)

Graph B (3)

C(t)) against Time (t)

0.15
0.1

C(t) (g/m3)

0.05
0
0

10

15

-0.05
-0.1
-0.15
-0.2

Time(min

Graph B(4)

20
25
y = -0.0003x - 0.0671
R = 0.0004

30

Appendix
For Experiment B:
17

1. Find 0 () =1 ()
1 17 1
[0.049134 + 4(0.030841) + 2(0.426118) + 4(0.789348) + 4(0.789348)
=[
3
8
+ 2(0.548969) + 4(0.231747) + 2(0.043555) + 4(0.0283328)
0.0532334]]
= 3.8550676
()

2. () =

0 ()

()
3.8550676

() =

0.049134

() =

3.8550676

= -0.0127453

3. = 0 ()

min^-1

(using simpsons rule)

17

= ()
1

( -0.0127453 - (4x0.0240003)+(2x0.5526725) +(4x1.4332913) + (2x1.2816171) +

(4x0.6612639) + (2x0.1468753) (4x0.110241) 0.2347479)

= .

17

4. = 1 ( )2 ()

(-0.550819 - (4x0.167374) + (2x0.732344) + (4x0.067462) + (2x0.289571) +

(4x0.705597) + (2x0.332633) (4x0.405286) 1.226896)

= 1.155318

17

5. = 1 ( )3 ()

( 3.621089 + (4x0.765568)-(2x1.885053) -(4x0.038723) + (2x0.412928) +

(4x2.417376) + (2x1.804865) (4x3.009655) 11.564719)

= .