TERMODINAMICA ll

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zq-Ito6gbck
21/enero/2014
PV = mRT
PV = nRT
on!tante "#ea$ #e R #e$ a"%e: =& "#ea$ = '.'()
*$ vo$umen "#ea$ #e + mo$ #e cua$qu"e% ga! e! -& V= ))., -
R = = = '.'()''6
n = .o. #e mo$e!.
m = ma!a mo$a% #e$ a"%e = )(./6 g%/mo$.
Pe!o mo$ecu$a%= )(./6 g%/mo$.
+ atm = 06' mm #e 1g = +'22' kg/ = +.'+2)3ba% = +'+2)3 Pa = 06'
To%% = +,.6/3/,( p!"
= +'.22))0, mca 4met%o! #e co$umna #e agua5.
PV=m T =& = .:
6 = Pm 7 mo$ = m g%
= = = = = )/.)3+3
= = = )6.,(/+
P= p%e!"on ba%omet%"ca 89 = 3(3 mm #e 1g .: = 0/3+.2(+30/ kg/
T= T amb"ente= +3 .: +3 : )02.+3 ; = )((.+3 ;
V = !a$<n= 6m=6m=).3m= /'
PV= mRT .: m=
m= = = (,.(,(, kg #e a"%e
n= = =)/)/.(,(' mo$e!
.o. #e >voga#%o=4)/)/.(,(' mo$e!546.'))7 5= +.06,23,7 mo$
= '.'()
PV = nRT .: n= = = )(/,.(220 mo$
m= ma!a ? n= .o. #e mo$e!? Pmo$= pe!o mo$ecu$a%.
m = n=Pmo$ =)(/,.(220 mo$ = )(./6 kg/mo$= (2.(2,2 kg #e a"%e.
22/enero/2013
Isobrico P = cte. @ = ,)0
AB = Au : A w .:
6p >t = 6v>t : =&
;ca$ kca$
P B!= 6p>t .: B!=6p4 5
V
Isovolumetrico V= cte. C= '
AB = Av P
AB= Au=6v>t
=


V
I!otD%m"co T= cte. AB=Aw P
= 4$n 5
= mRT 4$n 5
=

V

>#"abat"co
AB=' = B = cte @ = ,)0
Au= w
6vAt =
=4 = 4 5
;= .: k #e a"%e = +.,+ =& k #e$ a"%e = +.,
Pm= = ,, g%/mo$
PV = nRT .: R = = = '.'()''6 = '.'()
R = = = +/.)3)( kg
Ee t"ene un veh"cu$o e$ cua$ cuenta con uno! neumat"co! F cuyo vo$ume e! #e
2)6 F en ca#a uno.
*$ cua$ !e encuent%a ub"ca#o en $a c"u#a# #e 6e7"coF en #on#e !e t"ene una
p%e!"<n ba%omDt%"ca #e 3(3 mm #e 1g. *$ veh"cu$o t"ene !u! neumGt"co!
"nHa#o! con a"%e a una p%e!"<n manomDt%"ca #e ) kg/ .
IBuD cant"#a# #e n"t%<geno 4. 5 !e nece!"ta%Ja F !" !e qu"e%e !u!t"tu"% e$ a"%e
po% e$ n"t%<geno?
.ota: t<me!e una tempe%atu%a me#"a #e )' F $a ma!a en kg.
E" #"cho veh"cu$o !e t%a!$a#a a$ n"ve$ #e$ ma% IuG$ !e%"a $a p%e!"<n %e!u$tante
en ca#a una #e $a! $$anta!?
8ato! : P= = '.0/3+2(+3
V= 2)6 Pab!= Pba%o:Pman .: '.0/3+2(+3 : )
=).0/3+2(23
P ba%o= 3(3mm#e 1g = '.0/3+2(+3
P man= )kg/
T= )' = )/2.+3 ;
R = = = 2'.)3 kg
n= = = +.')6 = +.'2 kg
m = .o. mo$ 7 Pmo$ = +62.2) 7 ,3./(7 = 0.3'/,kg
P ab!= Pba%:Pman= +.'22 kg : )kg/ = 2.'22 kg/
23/enero/2013
R = '.)/6( kg/kg ; 4'.'0'54,)05 kg=m/kca$ = )/.(/ =& 2'.)/
kg=m/kg ;
+ kca$= ,'+(, k@ = '.)/6( kg/kg ; = '.'0' kca$/kg ;
P= = = )0002.23,0 kg/
Pman= Pab!-Pba% =)0002.23,0 kg/ - +'22' kg/ =+0,,2.23,0 kg/

Kn tanque con '.0'( # vo$umen cont"ene a"%e a una p%e!"<n ab!o$uta #e
+.'+3 kg y a una tempe%atu%a #e )+ F IuGnta! kca$o%"a! !e nece!"tan
pa%a ca$enta% e$ a"%e ha!ta 63.3 F y cua$ !e%"a $a p%e!"<n %e!u$tante a #"cha
tempe%atu%a.
8ato!: P
p= '.),kca$/kg;
V = '.'0'(
v='.+0kca$/kg;
Pab!= +.'+3 kg
R a = '.()
=
V
@ = ,)0
B= AV Ra= )/.)0 kg=m/kg=;
AV= 6vAT
6= = = '.(633 kg
AV = 6v4 - 5 = kca$
AV '.(2,4'.+05422(.63-)/,.+35 = 6.2'/ kca$
= = = ++6(,.0263kg/
; = k= +.,
6.2+kca$= = .: 4+03.'0546.2+5= '.(2,6 L
(,0+.+/
= = ++,02.6+(+ kg/

)3/ene%o/)'+2
P T 2
a#"abat"co
)
"!ote%m"co
)
+
+
V
E
8ato!:
V = '.'0'(
=+.'+3 kg
= )+ = )/,.+3 ;
= 63.3 = 22(.63 ;
= = '.(2, kg
Ra= )/.)0 kg=m/kg=;
= = = ++6(,.0263kg/
5 = 5 .: ) = 5 =& =
= = = = = ,(+.,/63 ;
5 = ) .: = )
= ) = (0.708)( ) = 0.2937
= = ='.)/2(,2
*ne%g"a "nte%na=
AB = ' w= Au
w= = = (6,).',6(
*ne%g"a "nte%na = = = 2,/( kca$
.: = = ,(+.,/ = ++62.,62(
;
= = = ++6'.+) ;
B = '
Au = = kca$
2 , B= : w
=
)
+
= mv4 5 = AB
= 4'.(2,54'.),54++62.,-,(+.,/5= 136.4911 kcal
= mv4 5 = 4'.(2,54'.+05-4++62.,- ,(+.,/5= 96.6911 kcal
= B-V =P = ,'''' = 38.8758 kcal
CICLO OTTO
, T
P
,

2 3 +
2
+
) )
Vc Va s
+-) con#"c"on #e a#m"!"<n
Vc = Patm
manomet%o

Va = = =+(,0.)36,
Ma%<met%o
N= +, cm
-= +) cm
Vc= 0 #e$ vo$umen tota$
Rc = .: = = ).'3),,7

Punto P%e!"on kg/
Vo$umen T
6a!a ;g
+
=
=
=
6 =
)
= : =
=
2
=
= =
=
=
,
4 5
=
= :
=
3
=
=
=
=
c = B! = c 4 PI5 O B! = m p 4 - 5 P = m p Qt L
m v Qt
P%ob$ema:
8= +, cm P atm = 3(3 mm 1g
- = +) cm = )'
Rc = +' Ra!o$"na >t = +,.(2
Rpm = )3'' PI = +','' k ca$ / kg comb
Punto P%e!"on kg/ Vo$umen
T
6a!a ;g
+ 0/3+.2( kg/
).'3)3 7 )/2.+3 +./')'7
kg
) 0/3+.2( kg/
).'3)3 7 )/2.+3 +./')'7
kg
2 +//0)/.6232
kg/
).'3)3 7 026.23 +./')'7
kg
,
+.2+6,
kg/
).'3)3 7 ,(32.20 +./')'7
kg
3 3),'0.3' kg/
).'3)3 7
+/2).+6+2
+./')'7
kg
)S 0/3+.2( kg/
).'3)3 7
- -
+S 0/3+.2( kg/
).'3)3 7
- -
=3(3 mm 1g .: 43(3 mm 1g 7 +'22' kg/ 5 / 406' mm 1g 5 =0/3+.2( kg/
= )' : )02.+3 = )/2.+3
= = /Rc-+ =& T4U 7 7 '.+)5 / , V / 4+'-+5= ).'3)3 7
= 40/3+.2( kg/ ).'3)3 7 5 / 4)/.)0 7 )/2.+3 5 = +./')'7
= = 0/3+.2( kg/
= : =4 ).'3)3 7 5: T4U 7 7 '.+)5 / , V= ).'3)3 7
= =)/2.+3
= 40/3+.2( kg/ 7).'3)3 7 5 / 4)/.)07)/2.+3 5 = +./')' 7
= = = ).'3)3 7
= = 4 0/3+.2( kg/ 5 /4 ).'3)3 7 / ).'3)3 7 5
=+//0)/.6232 kg/
= = 4)/2.+3 5 /4 ).'3)3 7 / ).'3)3 7 5 = 026.23
c = = +./')'7 / +,.(2 = +.)(
B!= c 7 PI=4+.)( 54 +','' k ca$ / kg comb5= +.22+) k ca$
= : = 4+.22+) k ca$5 / 4+./')' 7 7 '.+0 kca$/kg ;5 :026.23
=,(32.20
4 5 = 4 +//0)/.6232 kg/ 5 4,(32.20 / 026.23 5=+.2+6,
kg/
= =).'3)3 7
= = 4,(32.20 5 / 4).'3)3 7 /).'3)3 7 5 =+/2).+6+2
= =).'3)3 7
= = 4 +./')'7 kg 7 )/.)0 7 +/2).+6+2 5 / ).'3)3 7 =
3),'0.3' kg/
= 4 - 5= 40/3+.2( kg/ 5T4 ).'3)3 7 5 L 4).'3)3 7
5V=+,.6( ;g/m
= = =
= - ,'6/(.'2)2 ;g/m
= '
= = =
= -,'6.36 ;g/m
= '
= 4 - 5= 40/3+.2( kg/ 54 ).'3)3 7 - ).'3)3 7 5 =
-+,.6( ;g/m
B! = v 4 - 5 = 4+./')'7 kg54'.+054 ,(32.20 026.23 5
=+.22++kca$
Bp = v 4 - 5 = 4+./')'7 kg54'.+054 )/2.+3 - +/2).+6+2 5 =
-'.3)// kca$
Bu = B!:Bp = 4+.22++kca$ 5 : 4-'.3)// kca$5= '.('++ kca$
Cu = Bu 7 ,)0 = 2,).'6 ;g/m
Cu = W w = +,.6( ;g/m - ,'6/(.'2)2 ;g/m : ' -,'6.36 ;g/m :' -+,.6(
;g/m =-,++',.3/2) ;g/m
= Cu 7 n
+)/Xeb/)'+2
CICLO DIEEL
B! T
P 2 ,
,

3 2
3
+ Bp
) + )
Vc Va s
CONDICIONES TE!ODIN"!IC"S#
= = ( ) = ( )

Punto P%e!"on kg/
Vo$umen T
6a!a ;g
+
=
=
= =
)
= : =
= = :
2
=
= =
=
=
,

= ( )
= :
=
3
= 4 5

=
=
=
)S
=
- -
+S
=
- -
P%ob$ema c"c$o #"D!e$
8 = +3.) cm %pm= +)'' PI= +'+''
kca$
- = +0.( cm P atm= +.'22' kg/ At = +,./)
Rc = )' T amb = 2'
.o. c"$"n#%o combu!t"b$e = #"e!e$
Punto P%e!"on
kg/
Vo$umen T
6a!a ;g
+ +'22' kg/

+.6///
2'2.+3
+./0(/
kg
) +'22' kg/

2.2//( 7
2'2.+3
2./30/7
kg
2 6(,066.) kg/

+.6///
+'',.00
2./30/7
kg
, 684766.2 kg/
5.6342
26(,.'
2./30/7
kg
3 33)/2.22 kg/
5
2.2//( 7

+0/3.')00
2./30/7
kg
)S +'22' kg/

2.2//( 7

- -
+S +'22' kg/

+.6///
- -
= +.'22' kg/ 7 +'''' = +'22' kg/
= U 4'.+3)5 4'.+0(5 / , = 2.))//7
= = =! = 2.))//7 /)' - + =+.6///
= 2' : )02.+3 = 2'2.+3
= = = = +./0(/ kg
=+'22' kg/
= =2'2.+3
= : =4+.6/// 5 :4 2.))//7 5 = 2.2//( 7
= = = 2./30/7 kg
= = = 684766.2 kg/
= = =+.6///
= = 2./30/7 kg
= = 42'2.+3 5 / 4+.6/// / 2.2//( 7 5 =
+'',.00
6a = - =
c = = = ).3)
B!= c 7 PI = ).3) 7 +'+'' kca$ = ).3,32kca$
= : = +'',.00 : = 26(,.'
= ( )= +.6/// ( )= 5.6342
= 684766.2 kg/
= =2./30/7 kg
= =2./30/7 kg
= = 2.2//( 7
= 4 5 = 4684766.2 kg/ 5 4 5 =
33)/2.22 kg/ 5
= = 426(,.' 5 / 4 2.2//( 7 / 5.6342 5 =
+0/3.')00
= =+'22' kg/
= =2.2//( 7
= =+'22' kg/
= =+.6///
B! = p 4 - 5= 42./30/7 kg5 4'.),54 26(,.' - +'',.00 5=
).63+' kca$
Bp= v 4 - 5= 2./30/7 kg 7 '.+0 42'2.+3 - +0/3.')00 5 =
-+.''20 kca$
Bu = B! : Bp = ).63+' kca$-+.''20 kca$ = +.6,02kca$
Cu = Bu @ =+.6,02kca$ 7 ,)0 = 0'2.2/ kg m
= = = 0'22./ kg L m / !
= +-T 4 5k4 - 5 =-33/3/+3.((6
= = = '.6)+2
)6 / 9eb%e%o/)'+2
-ey gene%a$ #e un ga! "#ea$:
PV = nRT
R = = '.'() con#"c"one! "#ea$e! pa%a $a R a"%e
PV = nRT
*Yemp$o: n = =& n =
= 3().,'2/ mo$
P = +, atm m = 6a 7 .o. mo$ .:
g%/mo$ 7 mo$
Ra!= 4 = +)? ' = +6 7 )5 = ,,g%/mo$ m =,,g%/mo$ 7 + mo$ =
,,g%='.',,kg
V = + = +''' $ m= 3().,'2/ mo$ 7
'.',,kg = )3.6)30 kg
T = )' 4)' :)02.+3 = )/2.+3
*!to ya e! e!pec"Zco F con e!to !e pue#e ca$cu$a% $a R #e cua$qu"e% ga!F !o$o
camb"an#o $a ma!a at<m"ca #e$ ga! 4 m 5
R = = =+/.)3)(
R = 4 +/.)3)( 5 / 4 ,)0@5 = '.',3kca$/kg ;
"c$o comp%e!o%
6 #e
ma%[o #e$ )'+2
6oto%: conYunto #e #"!po!"t"vo! con mov"m"ento %e$at"vo ent%e + o ma! #e !u!
e$emento! que !"%ve pa%a t%an!Xo%ma% una ene%gJa \ ] \ en ene%gJa mecGn"ca.
6aqu"na: conYunto #e #"!po!"t"vo! que "nte%%e$ac"ona#o! ent%e !" t%an!Xo%man
un \ ] \ t"po #e ene%gJa en ot%o t"po #e ene%gJa.
6aqu"na! mot%"ce!: !on aque$$a! en $a! cua$e! !e !um"n"!t%a una ene%gJa \ ] \
y !e obt"ene ene%gJa mecGn"ca 4 moto%e!5.
6aqu"na! con#uc"#a! !on: aque$$a! en $a! cua$e! !e $e! !um"n"!t%a una ene%gJa
\ ] \ 4 pue#e !e% ene%gJa mecGn"ca y !e obt"ene ot%o t"po #e ene%gJa5.
P
P# 2 )
V#=vo$umen #e!p$a[a#o .:
Vc=
vo$umen #e cGma%a .: ^ 7 V#
Va= -

8ato!:
Pa , + ^ =
+'_
N = )
pu$ga#a! =3.'( cm = '.'3'( m
Va V T = )'
=& )':)02.+3= )/2.+3 ;
P ba%o =
0/3+.2( kg/
Vc V# = 2
atm
- = 2.3
pu$g = (.(/ cm ='.'((/ m
Punto
Vo$umen P%e!"<n kg/
Tempe%atu%a
;
6a!a kg
+
1.9819"
0/3+.2( kg/ )/2.+3 ;
1.8366"
k#
)
7.5035" 30990 kg/
,2).22+6 ; 1.8774"

2
+.('+(7 30990 kg/
,2).22+6 ;
,.,+)3 7
k#
,
4.7603
0/3+.2( kg/ )/2.+3 ;
,.,+)3 7
k#
= Vc : V# .: 4^ 7 V# 5:4 - 5=4'.+ 7 V# 5 :4 '.'((/5 = 4'.+ =
+.('+(7 7 5
: 4 +.('+(7 5 = +./(+/7
Vc = +.('+(7
= 1.9819"
= 0/3+.2( kg/
= )' :)02.+3= )/2.+3 ;
R = )/.)0 kg=m/kg=;
= = 1.8366" k#
= 3a$% .: ( (3a$%) =30990 kg/
4 ) =( ) .: 4 ) = =! = 4 )
= 4 ) = 1.9819" 4 ) = 7.5035"
= 4 5 =& = = = ,2).22+6 ;
= =1.8774"
= =30990 kg/
= = +.('+(7
= ,2).22+6 ;
= = = ,.,+)3 7 k#
= =0/3+.2( kg/
=)/2.+3 ;
= =,.,+)3 7 kg
= 4 5 = 4+.('+(7 5 4 5 =,.06'2
Ra!to ma!"co `m =
6a!a #e!ca%ga#a po% c"c$o
6a# = -
Cc = WC = C+-): C)-2:C2-,:C,-3
= = =
= - 5